Flywheel superconducting energy storage device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and discloses a flywheel superconducting energy storage device, which comprises a vacuum shell, a flywheel energy storage module, a superconducting energy storage module, a cold energy module and a cooperative control module. The superconducting energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module are complementary to each other through the cooperative control module, and the fast response and long-time power supply are taken into account. The cold energy module cools the superconducting energy storage module and the flywheel energy storage module at the same time, and the utilization rate of cold energy efficiency is improved. The application has the characteristics of compact structure, stable operation and multiple functions, and is suitable for various energy storage scenes such as grid peak shaving and emergency power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy storage technology, specifically relating to a flywheel superconducting energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy power generation and the increasing fluctuation of grid load, high-power, high-efficiency, and long-life energy storage systems have become key infrastructure for ensuring the stable operation of the power grid. Among the many energy storage technologies, superconducting energy storage and flywheel energy storage have shown significant advantages in specific application scenarios due to their distinct technical characteristics.

[0003] Superconducting energy storage, based on the zero-resistance operation of superconducting coils at extremely low temperatures, boasts millisecond-level power response speeds, high power density, and near-lossless charge-discharge efficiency, making it suitable for short-term, high-power applications such as grid instantaneous frequency support and voltage sag mitigation. However, superconducting storage tank systems require maintaining a cryogenic environment (typically below 77K) and rely on energy-intensive refrigeration equipment and complex insulation structures, resulting in high system operating costs. Furthermore, their energy storage capacity is limited by the superconducting materials and coil volume, making it difficult to independently undertake long-term, high-capacity continuous power supply tasks.

[0004] Flywheel energy storage stores mechanical energy through a high-speed rotating rotor. It boasts advantages such as high power density, long cycle life (up to hundreds of thousands of cycles), maintenance-free operation, and environmental friendliness, making it suitable for medium- to long-term energy storage needs such as grid frequency regulation and peak shaving. However, its energy density is relatively low, and its response speed is typically limited by rotor materials and bearing losses, ranging from hundreds of milliseconds to several seconds, making it difficult to meet the grid's rapid compensation requirements for transient power surges.

[0005] To overcome the limitations of single energy storage technologies, recent research has attempted to combine superconducting energy storage with flywheel energy storage, such as by connecting them in parallel or series to the same grid node and using an external energy management system for power dispatch. However, these solutions only involve simple electrical integration and fail to achieve deep integration of physical structure, thermal management, and control strategies. This results in large system footprint, numerous energy conversion stages, and low efficiency. In particular, the large amount of cryogenic energy generated during the operation of superconducting systems is directly discharged into the environment through the cooling system, causing energy waste. Furthermore, the high-speed bearings and motor cooling of flywheel energy storage require additional electrical energy, further reducing the overall system efficiency. In addition, existing combined energy storage systems lack adaptive collaborative control mechanisms, relying mostly on fixed power allocation strategies or simple logic switching, making it difficult to dynamically optimize and adjust according to real-time changes in grid load. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated energy storage device that can achieve deep coupling of superconducting and flywheel energy storage, efficient recovery and utilization of cryogenic energy, and intelligent collaborative control capabilities, in order to simultaneously meet the grid's multiple requirements for rapid response, continuous power supply, efficient operation, and compact integration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the background art and provide a flywheel superconducting energy storage device. This energy storage device integrates flywheel energy storage and superconducting energy storage, and has an integrated design with cold energy recovery and intelligent collaborative control functions, realizing the complementary advantages of flywheel energy storage and superconducting energy storage and efficient utilization of cold energy.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A flywheel superconducting energy storage device, comprising: The vacuum housing has a removable top cover and a vacuum nozzle installed on it to create a vacuum. The flywheel energy storage module includes a flywheel housing, a flywheel stator, a flywheel rotor, and a magnetic levitation bearing. The outer wall of the flywheel housing is equipped with a heat-insulating support component installed at the lower part of a vacuum housing. The flywheel housing has a hollow heat-insulating layer inside and a vacuum chamber in the middle. The flywheel stator is fixed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber. The flywheel rotor is rotatably mounted inside the flywheel stator via the magnetic levitation bearing. A vertical magnetic shielding sleeve is provided at the top of the flywheel housing, extending to the upper part of the vacuum housing. A vacuum connector is installed on the top cover, and the wiring of the vacuum connector passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve and connects to the flywheel stator. A superconducting energy storage module includes a superconducting shell, a superconducting coil, and a superconducting converter. The superconducting shell is annular, and the superconducting coil is installed inside the superconducting shell. The superconducting shell is installed inside a vacuum shell above a flywheel shell. The outer wall of the superconducting shell is provided with a heat-insulating support member that contacts the vacuum shell. The superconducting converter is located outside the vacuum shell, and the superconducting coil is connected to the superconducting converter through a vacuum connector. The cold energy module includes a refrigeration unit, a nitrogen supply pipeline, a heat exchange pipeline, a recovery pipeline, and a cryogenic storage tank. The refrigeration unit and the nitrogen supply pipeline are connected to the superconducting energy storage module. One end of the heat exchange pipeline is connected to the upper part of the superconducting shell, and the other end is connected in series with the bottom of the insulation layer of the flywheel shell. One end of the recovery pipeline is connected to the top of the insulation layer, and the other end passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve and the top cover and is connected to or emptied from the cryogenic storage tank. The collaborative control module includes a central controller, a power distribution unit, a status monitoring unit, and a protection unit. The central controller adopts a DSP+FPGA dual-core architecture to control the operation of the energy storage device. The power distribution unit realizes the power distribution, charging and discharging management, and collaborative operation control of the flywheel energy storage module and the superconducting energy storage module. The status monitoring unit collects the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the flywheel energy storage module and the superconducting energy storage module in real time through sensors, as well as the rotational speed parameter of the flywheel energy storage module. The protection unit has overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and overspeed protection functions.

[0008] The cold energy module also includes a delivery pump for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the heat exchange pipeline, flywheel energy storage module, and recovery pipeline.

[0009] The superconducting coil is encapsulated in a Dewar jar, which is installed inside a superconducting shell. The superconducting coil is made of yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting material.

[0010] A heat exchanger is installed inside the insulation layer of the flywheel casing.

[0011] The heat exchange pipeline is wound around the outer wall of the Dewar tank. The outlet end of the heat exchange pipeline is connected to one end of the heat exchanger, and the inlet end of the recovery pipeline is connected to the other end of the heat exchanger.

[0012] The flywheel energy storage module and the superconducting energy storage module are provided with a partitioned heat insulation layer for physical isolation and heat insulation protection.

[0013] The surface of the vacuum casing is also provided with heat dissipation fins.

[0014] The bottom surface of the upper cover is provided with a hanging rod that connects to the outer wall of the superconducting shell.

[0015] The thermal insulation support includes a first thermal insulation recess, a second thermal insulation recess, fasteners, and a rolling element. The first and second thermal insulation recesses are hollow cylinders with one open end. The outer wall of the opening of the first thermal insulation recess is provided with a connecting plate that matches the contour of the outer wall of the flywheel housing or the superconducting housing. The connecting plate is sealed to the outer wall of the flywheel housing or the superconducting housing by fasteners. The protruding end of the first thermal insulation recess extends into the outer wall of the flywheel housing or the superconducting housing. The inner end of the first thermal insulation recess is machined with a groove that matches the contour of the end of the second thermal insulation recess. The second thermal insulation recess is installed in the groove by thermal insulation support pads and fasteners. The rolling element is fixed to the open end of the second thermal insulation recess and slides on the inner wall of the vacuum housing. Several thermal insulation and weight reduction holes are uniformly machined on the side wall of the second thermal insulation recess. The total area of ​​the thermal insulation and weight reduction holes is 30% to 60% of the surface area of ​​the side wall of the second thermal insulation recess.

[0016] The flywheel superconducting energy storage device provided by this invention has the following advantages: (1) By integrating and coordinating the flywheel energy storage module and the superconducting energy storage module, the device simultaneously possesses the millisecond-level rapid response of superconducting energy storage and the hour-level continuous power supply capability of flywheel energy storage, breaking through the limitations of single energy storage technology and flexibly adapting to various complex working conditions such as grid frequency regulation, new energy consumption, and emergency backup. (2) The designed cold energy module directly uses the cold energy from the superconducting energy storage module to cool the flywheel system, reducing the energy consumption of the flywheel module's active cooling, while improving the insulation efficiency of the cold energy module, thus increasing the energy efficiency of the cold energy module by 15%~20%. In addition, the low-temperature storage tank can supply low-temperature cold energy to the outside world, expanding its application in data center cooling, cold chain logistics and other fields, and enhancing the project's economic returns and market competitiveness. (3) The design of vacuum shell combined with partitioned heat insulation layer reduces the equipment footprint and allows more energy storage devices to be installed in the same area, which further improves the energy efficiency of cold energy module. (4) The collaborative control module can dynamically allocate power in real time according to the grid demand and its own status, realizing accurate tracking of grid load and improving grid stability and power quality; (5) The first and second insulating recesses of the insulating support form a meandering heat transfer path between the vacuum shell and the flywheel shell or superconducting shell, which extends the heat transfer distance. At the same time, the heat insulation and weight reduction holes and rolling elements on the second insulating recess reduce the heat transfer area and form multiple heat blocking paths, effectively blocking the heat flow. The insulation efficiency is more than 40% higher than that of the traditional direct contact support. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal insulation support provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The diagram shows the following components: 1. Vacuum casing; 11. Top cover; 12. Vacuum connector; 13. Vacuum nozzle; 14. Lifting rod; 2. Flywheel energy storage module; 21. Flywheel casing; 22. Insulation layer; 23. Vacuum chamber; 24. Flywheel stator; 25. Flywheel rotor; 26. Magnetic levitation bearing; 27. Magnetic shielding sleeve; 28. Heat exchanger; 3. Superconducting energy storage module; 31. Superconducting casing; 32. Superconducting coil; 4. Cold energy module; 41. Refrigeration unit. 42. Nitrogen delivery pipeline; 43. Heat exchange pipeline; 44. Recovery pipeline; 5. Cooperative control module; 51. Central controller; 52. Power distribution unit; 53. Status monitoring unit; 54. Protection unit; 6. Insulation support component; 61. First insulation recess; 62. Groove; 63. Connecting plate; 64. Second insulation recess; 65. Insulation and weight reduction hole; 66. Fastener; 67. Insulation sleeve; 68. Rolling element; 69. Insulation support pad. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the flywheel superconducting energy storage device provided in this embodiment includes a vacuum shell 1, a flywheel energy storage module 2, a superconducting energy storage module 3, a cold energy module 4, and a collaborative control module 5. The flywheel energy storage module 2, the superconducting energy storage module 3, and part of the cold energy module 4 are integrated into the vacuum shell 1 to form a compact and functionally coordinated integrated energy storage device.

[0022] Vacuum housing 1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy. The top of the vacuum housing 1 is provided with a detachable top cover 11. The vacuum housing 1 is equipped with a vacuum nozzle 13 to evacuate the vacuum housing 1 into a vacuum state. The surface of the vacuum housing 1 is also provided with heat dissipation fins.

[0023] The flywheel energy storage module 2 includes a flywheel housing 21, a flywheel stator 24, a flywheel rotor 25, and a magnetic levitation bearing 26. The flywheel housing 21 has an insulating support 6 mounted on its outer wall, installed at the lower part of the vacuum housing 1. The flywheel housing 21 has a hollow insulating layer 22 inside, and a heat exchanger 28 is installed within the insulating layer 22. A vacuum chamber 23 is located in the middle of the flywheel housing 21. The flywheel stator 24 is fixed to the inner wall of the vacuum chamber 23. The flywheel rotor 25 is rotatably mounted inside the flywheel stator 24 via the magnetic levitation bearing 26. The flywheel rotor 25 is made of high-strength carbon fiber composite material. The magnetic levitation bearing 26 reduces frictional wear during operation of the flywheel rotor 25. The vacuum chamber 23 reduces air resistance. The flywheel stator 24 and flywheel rotor 25 constitute a permanent magnet synchronous motor, realizing bidirectional conversion of electrical energy and mechanical energy. The top of the flywheel housing 21 is provided with a vertical magnetic shielding sleeve 27, which extends to the upper part of the vacuum housing 1. A vacuum connector 12 is installed on the upper cover 11. The wiring of the vacuum connector 12 passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve 27 and connects to the flywheel stator 24. The flywheel rotor 25 has a diameter of 1.2m, a mass of 800kg, is made of T700 grade carbon fiber composite material, has a rated speed of 15000r / min, a rated energy storage capacity of 200kW·h, and the magnetic levitation bearing 26 adopts active magnetic levitation technology with no-load loss ≤5W.

[0024] Superconducting energy storage module 3 includes a superconducting shell 31, a superconducting coil 32, and a superconducting converter. The superconducting shell 31 is annular, and a hanging rod 14 is provided on the bottom surface of the upper cover 11 to connect with the outer wall of the superconducting shell 31. The superconducting coil 32 is encapsulated in a Dewar jar and installed inside the superconducting shell 31. The superconducting coil 32 is made of yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting material. The superconducting shell 31 is installed in a vacuum shell 1 above the flywheel shell 21. A partitioned heat insulation layer is provided between the flywheel energy storage module 2 and the superconducting energy storage module 3. For physical isolation and thermal insulation protection, the outer wall of the superconducting outer shell 31 is provided with a thermal insulation support 6 that contacts the vacuum outer shell 1. The superconducting converter (not shown in the figure) is located outside the vacuum outer shell 1. The superconducting coil 32 is connected to the superconducting converter through a vacuum connector 12. The superconducting converter realizes bidirectional conversion between magnetic energy and electrical energy. The superconducting coil 32 has 1200 turns, a rated current of 200A, and a rated energy storage capacity of 50kW·h. The Dewar jar adopts a double-layer vacuum thermal insulation structure, with the inner layer filled with liquid nitrogen for insulation, maintaining the internal temperature at 77K.

[0025] The cold energy module 4 includes a refrigeration unit 41, a nitrogen supply pipeline 42, a heat exchange pipeline 43, a recovery pipeline 44, and a cryogenic storage tank (not shown in the figure). The refrigeration unit 41 and the nitrogen supply pipeline 42 are connected to the superconducting energy storage module 3. One end of the heat exchange pipeline 43 is connected to the upper part of the superconducting outer shell 31, and the other end is connected in series with the bottom of the heat exchanger 28 inside the insulation layer 22 of the flywheel outer shell 21. The heat exchange pipeline 43 is wound around the outer wall of the Dewar tank. One end of the recovery pipeline 44 is connected to the top of the heat exchanger 28 in the insulation layer 22. One end is connected to the other end, which passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve 27 and the top cover 11 and is connected to or emptied from the cryogenic storage tank. The heat exchanger 28 exchanges heat with the flywheel energy storage module 2. The cold energy module 4 also includes a delivery pump for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the heat exchange pipeline 43, the flywheel energy storage module 2, and the recovery pipeline 44. The heat exchange pipeline 43 is made of stainless steel with an outer diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The heat exchanger 28 is a plate type with a heat exchange area of ​​5 m². The insulated storage tank has a volume of 100 L and a cold energy output power of 10 kW.

[0026] The collaborative control module 5 includes a central controller 51, a power distribution unit 52, a status monitoring unit 53, and a protection unit 54. The central controller 51 adopts a DSP+FPGA dual-core architecture to control the operation of the energy storage device. The central processor uses a TI TMS320F28335 DSP chip and an Altera EP4CE10F17C8 FPGA chip. The power distribution unit 52 realizes the power distribution, charging and discharging management, and collaborative operation control of the flywheel energy storage module 2 and the superconducting energy storage module 3. The power distribution unit 52 uses IGBT modules with a rated voltage of 10kV and a rated current of 500A. The status monitoring unit 53 collects the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the flywheel energy storage module 2 and the superconducting energy storage module 3 in real time through sensors, as well as the rotational speed parameter of the flywheel energy storage module 2. The sampling frequency of the status monitoring unit 53 is 1kHz. The protection unit 54 has overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and overspeed protection functions, which are implemented using valves, circuit breakers, etc.

[0027] The thermal insulation support assembly includes a first thermal insulation recess 61, a second thermal insulation recess 64, a fastener 66, and a rolling element 68. The first and second thermal insulation recesses 61 and 64 are hollow cylinders with one open end. The cross-sectional shape of the first and second thermal insulation recesses 61 and 64 is U-shaped, V-shaped, or arc-shaped. The materials of the first and second thermal insulation recesses 61 and 64 are stainless steel or titanium alloy. A connecting plate 63, adapted to the contour of the outer wall of the flywheel housing 21 or the superconducting housing 31, is provided on the outer wall of the opening of the first thermal insulation recess 61. The connecting plate 63 is sealed to the outer wall of the flywheel housing 21 or the superconducting housing 31 by the fastener 66. The protruding end of the first thermal insulation recess 61 extends into the flywheel housing 21 or the superconducting housing 31. The inner end of the first thermal insulation recess 61 is reinforced with... The second heat-insulating sleeve 64 has a groove 62 that matches the end contour of the second heat-insulating sleeve 64. The depth of the groove 62 is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the thickness of the second heat-insulating sleeve 64. The second heat-insulating sleeve 64 is installed in the groove 62 by a heat-insulating support pad 69 and a fastener 66. The heat-insulating support pad 69 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or glass fiber reinforced plastic. The rolling element 68 is fixed to the open end of the second heat-insulating sleeve 64. The rolling element 68 is a ball, a roller or a sleeve. The rolling element 68 can slide on the inner wall of the vacuum shell 1. Several heat-insulating and weight-reducing holes 65 in the shape of circles, squares, strips or rhombuses are uniformly processed on the side wall of the second heat-insulating sleeve 64. The total area of ​​the heat-insulating and weight-reducing holes 65 is 30% to 60% of the surface area of ​​the side wall of the second heat-insulating sleeve 64.

[0028] The fastener 66 is a bolted connection, welded connection or heat-insulating adhesive. When the fastener 66 is a bolted connection, a heat-insulating sleeve 67 is provided on the outside. The heat-insulating sleeve 67 is made of ceramic matrix composite material or glass fiber reinforced plastic.

[0029] The method of using this invention is as follows: The collaborative control module 5 employs an adaptive fuzzy PID algorithm. It first collects power demand signals from the external power grid, the remaining power of the superconducting energy storage module 3, the rotational speed of the flywheel energy storage module 2, and status parameters such as operating temperature and current of each module. Then, based on short-term high-power demand (e.g., grid impact load) and long-term stable power demand (e.g., grid peak shaving), a fuzzy rule base is established: when there is short-term high-power demand, the superconducting energy storage module 3 is prioritized for power supply, accounting for 70%~80% of the supply; when there is long-term stable power demand, the flywheel energy storage module 2 is the primary power supplier, accounting for 60%~70% of the supply. Finally, the output voltage and current of the power allocation unit 52 are adjusted using the PID algorithm, and the power supply ratio is corrected in real time to ensure that the output power matches the grid demand and to prevent overload operation of each module.

[0030] Charging phase: During periods of low grid load (such as 23:00 to 7:00 the next day), the power from the external grid is distributed by the power distribution unit 52 of the collaborative control module 5 and divided into two paths. One path supplies power to the superconducting energy storage module 3 through the superconducting converter, and the superconducting coil 32 is energized to store magnetic energy, with a charging ratio of 30%. The other path supplies power through the flywheel energy storage module 2, which drives the flywheel rotor 25 to accelerate rotation, converting electrical energy into mechanical energy for storage, with a charging ratio of 70%. The power distribution ratio is dynamically adjusted by the central controller 51 according to the grid load and the status of the energy storage module. After charging is completed, it enters the standby state.

[0031] Cold energy utilization stage: During the operation of the superconducting energy storage module 3, the cold energy leaked from the Dewar canister and the overflowing liquid nitrogen enter the heat exchange pipeline 43 and flow along the heat exchange pipeline 43 to the heat exchanger 28 in the insulation layer 22. The heat exchanger 28 transfers the cold energy to the cooling circuit of the flywheel energy storage module 2 to cool the magnetic levitation bearing 26 and the flywheel stator 24, maintaining the temperature of the magnetic levitation bearing 26 < 25℃ and the temperature of the flywheel stator 24 < 40℃, thereby reducing the operating loss of the flywheel energy storage module 2. Excess cold energy is stored in the cryogenic storage tank along the recovery pipeline 44, which can be supplied to the outside as needed or recycled again after gas-liquid separation.

[0032] Discharge Phase: During peak grid load periods (10:00~14:00), the coordinated control module 5 discharges in accordance with power supply demand. If a short-term impact load occurs (power surge of over 100kW), the superconducting energy storage module 3 responds first, rapidly converting magnetic energy into electrical energy and outputting it to the grid at a power of 35kW through the superconducting converter, maintaining the output for 5″ to meet the short-term high-power supply demand. At the same time, the flywheel rotor 25 continuously outputs electrical energy at a power of 100kW, maintaining the output for 2 hours, and works with the flywheel stator 24 to continuously output mechanical energy into electrical energy. The central controller 51 monitors the grid power demand in real time and adjusts the output power ratio of the flywheel energy storage module 2 and the superconducting energy storage module 3 to ensure the stability and continuity of power supply.

[0033] Protection and detection: The status monitoring unit 53 collects the operating parameters of the flywheel energy storage module 2 and the superconducting energy storage module 3 in real time through sensors. If abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, or overspeed occur (e.g., the temperature of the superconducting storage tank module is higher than 80K, the speed of the flywheel rotor 25 exceeds 16000r / min, or the output current exceeds 500A), the protection unit 54 immediately activates the protection mechanism, cuts off the corresponding circuit, and ensures the safety of the energy storage device and the power grid.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications and substitutions based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts provided by the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flywheel superconducting energy storage device, characterized in that: include: Vacuum housing (1), with a removable top cover (11) on the top of the vacuum housing (1), and a vacuum nozzle (13) installed on the vacuum housing (1) to evacuate the vacuum housing (1) into a vacuum state; The flywheel energy storage module (2) includes a flywheel housing (21), a flywheel stator (24), a flywheel rotor (25), and a magnetic levitation bearing (26). The outer wall of the flywheel housing (21) is provided with a heat-insulating support (6) installed at the lower part of the vacuum housing (1). The flywheel housing (21) is provided with a hollow heat-insulating layer (22). The flywheel housing (21) is provided with a vacuum cavity (23) in the middle. The flywheel stator (24) is fixed in the vacuum. On the inner wall of cavity (23), the flywheel rotor (25) is rotatably mounted inside the flywheel stator (24) via a magnetic levitation bearing (26). The top of the flywheel housing (21) is provided with a vertical magnetic shielding sleeve (27), which extends to the upper part of the vacuum housing (1). A vacuum connector (12) is installed on the top cover (11), and the wiring of the vacuum connector (12) passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve (27) and connects to the flywheel stator (24). The superconducting energy storage module (3) includes a superconducting shell (31), a superconducting coil (32) and a superconducting converter. The superconducting shell (31) is annular. The superconducting coil (32) is installed inside the superconducting shell (31). The superconducting shell (31) is installed inside the vacuum shell (1) above the flywheel shell (21). The outer wall of the superconducting shell (31) is provided with a heat-insulating support (6) that contacts the vacuum shell (1). The superconducting converter is located outside the vacuum shell (1). The superconducting coil (32) is connected to the superconducting converter through a vacuum connector (12). The cold energy module (4) includes a refrigeration unit (41), a nitrogen supply pipeline (42), a heat exchange pipeline (43), a recovery pipeline (44), and a cryogenic storage tank. The refrigeration unit (41) and the nitrogen supply pipeline (42) are connected to the superconducting energy storage module (3). One end of the heat exchange pipeline (43) is connected to the upper part of the superconducting shell (31), and the other end is connected in series with the bottom of the insulation layer (22) of the flywheel shell (21). One end of the recovery pipeline (44) is connected to the top of the insulation layer (22), and the other end passes through the magnetic shielding sleeve (27) and the top cover (11) and is connected to the cryogenic storage tank. The collaborative control module (5) includes a central controller (51), a power distribution unit (52), a status monitoring unit (53), and a protection unit (54). The central controller (51) uses a DSP+FPGA dual-core architecture to control the operation of the energy storage device. The power distribution unit (52) realizes the power distribution, charging and discharging management, and collaborative operation control of the flywheel energy storage module (2) and the superconducting energy storage module (3). The status monitoring unit (53) collects the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the flywheel energy storage module (2) and the superconducting energy storage module (3) and the rotational speed parameters of the flywheel energy storage module (2) in real time through sensors. The protection unit (54) has overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and overspeed protection functions.

2. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold energy module (4) also includes a delivery pump for driving the cooling medium to circulate in the heat exchange pipeline (43), the flywheel energy storage module (2), and the recovery pipeline (44).

3. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The superconducting coil (32) is encapsulated in a Dewar jar, which is installed inside a superconducting shell (31). The superconducting coil (32) is made of yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting material.

4. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A heat exchanger (28) is installed inside the insulation layer (22) of the flywheel housing (21).

5. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat exchange pipeline (43) is wound around the outer wall of the Dewar tank. The outlet end of the heat exchange pipeline (43) is connected to one end of the heat exchanger (28), and the inlet end of the recovery pipeline (44) is connected to the other end of the heat exchanger (28).

6. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flywheel energy storage module (2) and the superconducting energy storage module (3) are provided with a partitioned heat insulation layer for physical isolation and heat insulation protection.

7. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the vacuum housing (1) is also provided with heat dissipation fins.

8. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the top cover (11) is provided with a hanging rod (14) that is connected to the outer wall of the superconducting shell (31).

9. The flywheel superconducting energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation support (6) includes a first thermal insulation recess (61), a second thermal insulation recess (64), a fastener (66), and a rolling element (68). The first thermal insulation recess (61) and the second thermal insulation recess (64) are hollow cylinders with one open end. The outer wall of the opening of the first thermal insulation recess (61) is provided with a connecting plate (63) that is adapted to the outer wall contour of the flywheel housing (21) or the superconducting housing (31). The connecting plate (63) is sealed to the outer wall of the flywheel housing (21) or the superconducting housing (31) by the fastener (66). The protruding end of the first thermal insulation recess (61) extends into the flywheel housing (21) or the superconducting housing (31). The outer wall of the first heat-insulating sleeve (61) has a groove (62) at its inner end that is adapted to the end contour of the second heat-insulating sleeve (64). The second heat-insulating sleeve (64) is installed in the groove (62) by a heat-insulating support pad (69) and a fastener (66). The rolling element (68) is fixed at the open end of the second heat-insulating sleeve (64) and slides on the inner wall of the vacuum shell (1). Several heat-insulating and weight-reducing holes (65) are uniformly processed on the side wall of the second heat-insulating sleeve (64). The total area of ​​the heat-insulating and weight-reducing holes (65) is 30% to 60% of the surface area of ​​the side wall of the second heat-insulating sleeve (64).

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