A coal gasification process high-temperature high-pressure black water waste heat recovery and utilization device and method

Abstract

The application discloses the technical fields of energy recycling and utilization, and relates to a coal gasification process high-temperature and high-pressure black water waste heat recycling device and method, which comprises a high-temperature water heater, a normal-temperature membrane oxygen removal system, a steam generator, a plate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator. The high-temperature water heater is used for treating high-temperature and high-pressure black water to generate high-temperature flash steam. The normal-temperature membrane oxygen removal system is used for treating desalted water to generate low-temperature deoxygenated water. The heat source inlet of the steam generator is connected with the high-temperature flash steam outlet of the high-temperature water heater. The gas-liquid separator is used for receiving a gas-liquid mixture and separating the gas-liquid mixture into liquid phase and gas phase. The plate heat exchanger preheats the deoxygenated water through the liquid phase. The first outlet of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the water inlet of the steam generator. The application effectively solves the problem of low waste heat recycling efficiency caused by the residual non-condensable gas and the small temperature difference between the cold and hot sources, and realizes the efficient recycling and utilization of low-grade waste heat in the high-temperature and high-pressure black water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy recovery and utilization, specifically to a device and method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in a coal gasification process. Background Technology

[0002] In coal gasification processes, the recovery of waste heat from high-temperature, high-pressure black water is a key step in improving energy utilization.

[0003] Traditional methods typically involve introducing high-temperature, high-pressure black water into a high-temperature water heater (high-pressure flash tank) for flash evaporation to obtain high-pressure flash steam. This high-pressure flash steam is then exchanged with ash water in an ash water heater to recover waste heat. However, during this process, part of the flash steam condenses into a gas-liquid two-phase system. The gas phase contains a significant amount of non-condensable gases, resulting in poor heat exchange efficiency in the ash water heater and consequently, ineffective utilization of the high-pressure flash steam waste heat. Furthermore, the deoxygenated water used in traditional processes is generally thermally deoxygenated, typically reaching temperatures of 105°C. Directly heating the deoxygenated water, due to the small temperature difference and the presence of numerous non-condensable gases, leads to low waste heat utilization efficiency. Therefore, in existing process designs, this portion of heat is not recovered but instead cooled by circulating water before entering a high-pressure flash separator for gas-liquid separation, resulting in a substantial waste of low-grade heat. To address this, we propose a device and method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature, high-pressure black water in coal gasification processes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in coal gasification processes, which solves the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A high-temperature and high-pressure black water waste heat recovery and utilization device for coal gasification process includes a high-temperature water heater, a normal temperature membrane deoxygenation system, a steam generator, a plate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator. The high-temperature water heater is used to treat high-temperature, high-pressure black water to generate high-temperature flash steam. The ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system is used to treat demineralized water to generate low-temperature deoxygenated water. The heat source inlet of the steam generator is connected to the high-temperature flash steam outlet of the high-temperature water heater. The low-pressure steam outlet of the steam generator is connected to the steam pipeline network. The gas-liquid separator is connected to the heat source outlet of the steam generator to receive the gas-liquid mixture and separate the gas-liquid mixture into a liquid phase and a gas phase. The first inlet of the plate heat exchanger is connected to the deoxygenated water from the ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system, and its second inlet is connected to the gas-liquid separator to receive the liquid phase, thereby preheating the deoxygenated water through the liquid phase. The first outlet of the plate heat exchanger is connected to the water inlet of the steam generator, thereby supplying the preheated deoxygenated water to the steam generator.

[0006] A further improvement is that the second outlet of the plate heat exchanger is connected to a high-pressure flash separator, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the gas phase outlet of the high-pressure flash separator are connected together and connected to the downstream processing process, and the liquid phase of the gas-liquid separator is input to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger.

[0007] A further improvement is that the gas-liquid separator includes a shell, with a gas phase outlet at the top and a liquid phase outlet at the bottom of the shell. A partition plate is fixed inside the shell to divide its internal cavity into a gas phase cavity and a processing cavity. The gas phase outlet communicates with the gas phase cavity. A guide shell is fixed on the partition plate. A connecting gas pipe rotatably passes through the guide shell. One end of the connecting gas pipe communicates with the gas phase cavity, and the other end is connected to a porous separator located in the processing cavity. An impeller is fitted on the outer wall of the connecting gas pipe inside the guide shell. One side of the guide shell is connected to an inlet pipe that penetrates the shell and communicates with the heat source outlet of the steam generator. The other side is connected to a distributor fixed to the inner wall of the processing cavity through a pipeline. The distributor has nozzles evenly distributed on the side facing the porous separator.

[0008] A further improvement is that a rotating shaft is movably provided at the axis of the porous separator. One end of the rotating shaft extends to the bottom of the porous separator and is rotatably connected to a bracket fixedly installed in the processing chamber. The other end extends to the connecting air pipe and is connected to the connecting air pipe through a transmission component. The transmission component is used to synchronously drive the rotating shaft to rotate in the opposite direction when the connecting air pipe rotates. A separation mesh with an arc-shaped vertical cross-section is fixedly provided in the inner cavity of the porous separator. A flow guide shroud with an arc-shaped vertical cross-section is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft below the separation mesh. The flow guide shroud has through holes evenly opened on it, and an annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the flow guide shroud and the inner wall of the porous separator.

[0009] A further improvement is that the flow guide is provided with several sets of pulse cylinders with a diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole. The bottom of the pulse cylinder is connected to a sealing plate by a rotating shaft. The sealing plate is hinged to a movable block by a connecting rod. The movable block is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is provided with an assembly cavity. The assembly cavity is provided with a fixed column. One end of the fixed column is fixed to the bracket, and the other end is provided with an electromagnetic block. The inner wall of the movable block is provided with several sets of sliders. One end of the slider passes through a vertical sliding opening on the outer wall of the rotating shaft and extends into the assembly cavity. One end of the slider is rotatably connected to a magnetic block. The magnetic block is located above the electromagnetic block. The rotating shaft is also provided with an elastic element that drives the movable block to return to its original position. The electromagnetic block is used to attract the magnetic block when energized, causing the movable block to move downwards, which in turn drives the sealing plate to open the pulse cylinder via the connecting rod.

[0010] A further improvement is that the inner wall of the porous separator is provided with several sets of mounting plates, and a striking rod is slidably mounted on each mounting plate. A reset elastic element is provided between the striking rod and the mounting plate. One end of the striking rod corresponds to the inner wall of the porous separator, and the other end is provided with a connecting magnetic block. A rotating block is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft corresponding to the position of the striking rod. Several sets of adsorption magnetic blocks for adsorbing the connecting magnetic block are embedded on the outer circumference of the rotating block.

[0011] A further improvement is that a mounting shell is movably fitted onto one end of the rotating shaft, the mounting shell is fixedly mounted on the bracket, a detection sensor is embedded in the inner wall of one side of the mounting shell, and a reflector is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating shaft located inside the mounting shell. When the detection sensor corresponds to the reflector, it controls the electromagnetic block to be energized.

[0012] A further improvement is that an external friction component is fixedly connected to the lower part of the bracket, and an internal friction component is rotatably provided inside the external friction component. An elastic telescopic rod is provided on the internal friction component, and a docking magnetic block is provided at one end of the elastic telescopic rod. An electromagnetic component is rotatably provided on the bracket above the docking magnetic block. The electromagnetic component is connected to the rotating shaft through a transmission component two. The transmission component two is used to drive the electromagnetic component to reciprocate when the rotating shaft rotates. A liquid level sensor and a temperature sensor are also provided at the bottom of the processing chamber. The temperature sensor is used to detect the liquid phase temperature and control the electromagnetic component to attract the docking magnetic block when the temperature is lower than a preset threshold.

[0013] A method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in a coal gasification process, using the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps: S1: First, high-temperature and high-pressure black water is fed into a high-temperature water heater for treatment to generate high-temperature flash steam. At the same time, the demineralized water is treated into deoxygenated water through a normal temperature membrane deoxygenation system. S2: Then, the high-temperature flash steam is introduced into the heat source inlet of the steam generator as the main heat source, and the deoxygenated water is first sent to the plate heat exchanger for preheating. Then, the preheated deoxygenated water is sent to the steam generator, and the latent heat of vaporization of the high-temperature flash steam is used to heat and evaporate it to generate low-pressure saturated steam. The generated low-pressure saturated steam is then input into the steam pipeline network. S3: The gas-liquid mixture formed after the high-temperature flash steam releases heat enters the gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation, separating it into a non-condensable gas phase and a high-temperature liquid phase. The liquid phase is sent as a heat source to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger to preheat the deoxygenated water entering the plate heat exchanger. Finally, the liquid phase after heat exchange and cooling, as well as the gas phase separated from the gas-liquid separator, are led out for further processing.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a room-temperature membrane deoxygenation system to produce low-temperature deoxygenated water, providing a low-temperature cold source for the plate heat exchanger, increasing the heat transfer temperature difference, and effectively improving heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, a steam generator is incorporated, utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of high-temperature flash steam to heat and evaporate the deoxygenated water into directly usable low-pressure saturated steam, achieving high-quality recovery of high-grade heat energy. Furthermore, a gas-liquid separator promptly separates non-condensable gases from the process, eliminating their thermal resistance on the heat exchange surface. The separated liquid phase then re-enters the plate heat exchanger to fully recover sensible heat. This constructs a tiered heat recovery path: "high-temperature water heater pre-recovery - steam generator latent heat steam production - plate heat exchanger preheating of deoxygenated water." This effectively solves the problem of low waste heat recovery efficiency caused by residual non-condensable gases and a small temperature difference between the cold and heat sources, achieving efficient recovery and comprehensive utilization of low-grade waste heat from high-temperature, high-pressure black water. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid separator structure in this invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 The structural sectional view in the middle; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a local structure in the image; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of structure A in the image; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A partial structural diagram; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the B structure in the image.

[0016] In the diagram: 100, High-temperature water heater; 200, Steam generator; 300, Gas-liquid separator; 301, Outer shell; 302, Guide shell; 303, Porous separator; 304, Connecting gas pipe; 305, Impeller; 306, Diverter; 307, Transmission component one; 308, Rotating shaft; 309, Separating wire mesh; 310, Flow guide; 311, Liquid phase outlet; 312, Pulse cylinder; 313, Sealing plate; 314, Movable block; 315, Connecting rod; 316, Magnetic... 317. Block; 318. Fixed column; 319. Mounting shell; 320. Detection sensor; 321. Internal friction component; 322. Elastic telescopic rod; 323. Electromagnetic component; 324. Transmission component II; 325. External friction component; 326. Rotating block; 327. Mounting plate; 328. Striking rod; 329. Adsorption magnetic block; 330. Liquid level sensor; 400. Temperature sensor; 500. Plate heat exchanger; 600. High-pressure flash separator; 701. Ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0018] Example 1 Please see the appendix Figure 1 A high-temperature and high-pressure black water waste heat recovery and utilization device for coal gasification process includes a high-temperature water heater 100, a normal temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600, a steam generator 200, a plate heat exchanger 400, and a gas-liquid separator 300. The high-temperature water heater 100, the normal temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600, the steam generator 200, the plate heat exchanger 400, and the gas-liquid separator 300 are all existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. The above-mentioned equipment is connected by process pipelines, and regulating valves, pumps, pressure gauges, and temperature sensors 330 are installed on key pipelines to ensure the controllable operation of the device. The high-temperature water heater 100 is used for flash evaporation of high-temperature, high-pressure black water to generate high-temperature flash steam. The ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600 is used to treat demineralized water to generate low-temperature deoxygenated water. This deoxygenated water is produced using ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation technology, with a temperature below 40℃, which greatly improves heat exchange efficiency. The heat source inlet of the steam generator 200 (which can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger) is connected to the high-temperature flash steam outlet of the high-temperature water heater 100 to introduce the high-temperature flash steam as a primary heat source. The latent heat of vaporization of the high-temperature flash steam is used to heat and evaporate the deoxygenated water into low-pressure saturated steam. The low-pressure steam outlet of the steam generator 200 is connected to the steam network via a pipeline (this pipeline has a regulating valve, through which the low-pressure saturated steam flows). After the pressure is controlled by the regulating valve, it is connected to the factory steam network. The gas-liquid separator 300 is used to connect to the heat source outlet of the steam generator 200 to receive the gas-liquid mixture (the high-temperature flash steam condenses into a high-temperature liquid phase in the steam generator 200 and contains some non-condensable gas phase), and separates the gas-liquid mixture into a high-temperature liquid phase and a non-condensable gas phase. The first inlet of the plate heat exchanger 400 is connected to deoxygenated water from the ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600, and its second inlet is connected to the gas-liquid separator 300 to receive the liquid phase, and then preheat the deoxygenated water through the liquid phase. The first outlet of the plate heat exchanger 400 is connected to the water inlet of the steam generator 200, so as to supply the preheated deoxygenated water to the steam generator 200. The aforementioned device constructs a tiered heat recovery path of "high-temperature water heater pre-recovery - latent heat steam generation from steam generator - preheating of deoxygenated water by plate heat exchanger", and combines it with the low-temperature cold source (deoxygenated water) provided by the ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600, which greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency, fully recovers the sensible heat of the high-temperature liquid phase, and, in conjunction with the gas-liquid separator 300, effectively overcomes the negative impact of non-condensable gases on the heat exchange interface, thereby achieving efficient and deep recovery of waste heat in high-temperature and high-pressure black water and coupled utilization of heat. Optionally, in this embodiment, an intermediate tank is also installed on the pipeline connecting the ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600 and the plate heat exchanger 400 to stabilize the supply pressure and flow rate of deoxygenated water, ensuring the stable operation of the cold side of the plate heat exchanger 400. The steam generator 200 is also connected to the output end of a dosing facility to quantitatively add scale inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors into the steam generator 200, thereby inhibiting scaling and corrosion of the equipment and ensuring the long-term reliability and heat exchange efficiency of the device.

[0019] Preferably, in this embodiment, the second outlet of the plate heat exchanger 400 is connected to a high-pressure flash separator 500. After the sensible heat is recovered by the plate heat exchanger 400, the resulting cooled condensate enters the high-pressure flash separator 500 for further gas-liquid separation to recover residual low-grade heat energy. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 300 and the gas phase outlet of the high-pressure flash separator 500 are connected together and then connected to downstream treatment processes (such as waste gas treatment or flare systems). The liquid phase of the gas-liquid separator 300 is input to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger 400 as a preheating heat source. The aforementioned high-pressure flash separator 500 is prior art and will not be described in detail here. This method achieves tiered deep energy recovery and centralized waste gas treatment, further improving the overall thermal efficiency and operational integration of the device.

[0020] A method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in a coal gasification process, using the aforementioned apparatus, includes the following steps: S1: First, high-temperature and high-pressure black water is fed into high-temperature water heater 100 for treatment to generate high-temperature flash steam. At the same time, the demineralized water is treated into deoxygenated water through ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system 600. S2: Then, the high-temperature flash steam is introduced into the heat source inlet of the steam generator 200 as the main heat source, and the deoxygenated water is first sent to the plate heat exchanger 400 for preheating. Then, the preheated deoxygenated water is sent to the steam generator 200, and the latent heat of vaporization of the high-temperature flash steam is used to heat and evaporate it to generate low-pressure saturated steam. The generated low-pressure saturated steam is then input into the steam pipeline network. S3: The gas-liquid mixture formed after the high-temperature flash steam releases heat enters the gas-liquid separator 300 for gas-liquid separation, separating it into a non-condensable gas phase and a high-temperature liquid phase. The liquid phase is sent as a heat source to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger 400 to preheat the deoxygenated water entering the plate heat exchanger 400. Finally, the liquid phase after heat exchange and cooling, as well as the gas phase separated from the gas-liquid separator 300, are led out for further processing.

[0021] Example 2 Please see the appendix Figure 2-5 Based on Embodiment 1, the gas-liquid separator 300 of this embodiment includes a housing 301. The top and bottom of the housing 301 are respectively provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet 311 (negative pressure devices, pump-like devices, valve-like structures, etc. can be installed at the gas phase outlet and liquid phase outlet 311) for discharging the separated non-condensable gas and high-temperature condensate respectively. A partition plate is fixedly installed inside the housing 301 to divide its internal cavity into an upper gas phase cavity and a lower processing cavity. The gas phase outlet communicates with the gas phase cavity, and a partition plate is fixedly installed on the partition plate. A guide shell 302 with a circular cross-section is provided, and a connecting air pipe 304 rotatably passes through the guide shell 302. A bearing structure is provided at the connection between the connecting air pipe 304 and the guide shell 302. One end of the connecting air pipe 304 is connected to the gas phase chamber, and the other end is connected to a porous separator 303 located in the processing chamber. The porous separator 303 is a rotating cylinder (e.g., made of sintered metal or porous ceramic) with micropores uniformly opened on its circumferential wall. The bottom of the rotating cylinder is hollow, and the connecting air pipe 304 is located on the outer wall inside the guide shell 302. An impeller 305 is fitted on the upper sleeve. One side of the guide shell 302 is connected to an inlet pipe that penetrates the outer shell 301 and connects to the heat source outlet of the steam generator 200 (a booster pump can be installed on this pipe to increase the pressure of the gas-liquid mixture entering). The other side is connected via a pipe to a distributor 306 fixed to the inner wall of the processing chamber, with nozzles evenly distributed on the side of the distributor 306 facing the porous separator 303. The gas-liquid mixture flows into the guide shell 302 through the inlet pipe, driving the impeller 305 to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting gas pipe 304 and the porous separator... The separator 303 rotates at high speed, and the gas-liquid mixture is then injected at high pressure from the nozzle through the distributor 306 onto the surface of the rotating porous separator 303. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid phase is thrown towards the outer wall of the outer shell 301 and falls down and is discharged from the liquid phase outlet 311, while the gas phase passes through the micropores into the interior of the porous separator 303, rises to the gas phase chamber through the connecting gas pipe 304 and is discharged from the gas phase outlet. The rotational separation is driven by the fluid's own kinetic energy, which enhances the centrifugal separation effect and effectively improves the gas-liquid separation efficiency and the stability of subsequent heat exchange.

[0022] Preferably, in this embodiment, a rotating shaft 308 is movably provided at the axis of the porous separator 303. One end of the rotating shaft 308 extends below the porous separator 303 and is rotatably connected to a bracket fixedly installed in the processing chamber via a bearing. The other end extends to the connecting air pipe 304 and is connected to the connecting air pipe 304 via a transmission component 307. The transmission component 307 is used to synchronously drive the rotating shaft 308 to rotate in the opposite direction when the connecting air pipe 304 rotates. Optionally, in this embodiment, the transmission component 307 includes a transmission shaft rotatably mounted vertically on the guide shell 302. The transmission shaft and the connecting air pipe 304 are connected by a gear set (two sets of meshing gears), and the transmission shaft and the rotating shaft 308 are connected by a sprocket transmission set (including sprockets). The porous separator 303 is connected to a chain drive. A vertically curved separation mesh 309 (such as a stainless steel wire mesh) is fixedly installed inside the porous separator 303 to finely capture the mist from the gas phase that enters the porous separator 303 and rises. A vertically curved guide hood 310 (such as a cone or umbrella-shaped hood) is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308 below the separation mesh 309. The guide hood 310 rotates in the opposite direction to the porous separator 303 with the rotating shaft 308. The guide hood 310 has through holes evenly opened on it. An annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the guide hood 310 and the inner wall of the porous separator 303. It should be noted that the guide hood 310 and the separation mesh 309 are specifically located above the micropores on the outer wall of the porous separator 303.

[0023] After initial centrifugal separation, the gas phase first passes through a counter-rotating guide hood 310 during its ascent. The rotation direction of the guide hood 310 is opposite to that of the porous separator 303, which causes a strong shearing effect between the airflow through its through holes and the inner wall of the porous separator 303 and the separation wire mesh 309. This forces the fine liquid droplets entrained in the gas phase to collide and coalesce. Secondly, the arc-shaped cover of the guide hood 310 guides and evenly distributes the rising airflow, preventing the airflow from directly hitting the separation wire mesh 309 and causing local overload. Subsequently, the gas achieves final demisting through the separation wire mesh 309, while the captured liquid droplets are discharged downward through the annular gap under the action of gravity and centrifugation. This method further improves the efficiency and quality of gas-liquid separation.

[0024] Please see the appendix Figure 3 or Figure 5Preferably, in this embodiment, the flow guide shroud 310 is provided with several sets of pulse cylinders 312 with a diameter larger than that of the through hole (the diameter of the pulse cylinder 312 can be designed to be 1.5-3 times that of the through hole according to the airflow characteristics to balance the pulse intensity and flow resistance). The bottom end of the pulse cylinder 312 is connected to a rotating shaft with a sealing plate 313 for closing the pulse cylinder 312. The sealing plate 313 is hinged to a movable block 314 through a connecting rod 315. Specifically, a slider is hinged to the end of the connecting rod 315 away from the movable block 314. The slider can slide along the groove provided on the sealing plate 313 to adapt to the change of opening and closing angle. The movable block 314 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308. The rotating shaft 308 has an axially arranged assembly cavity, and a fixed column 317 is provided in the assembly cavity. One end of the fixed column 317 is fixed to the bracket so that it will not be interfered with by the rotation of the rotating shaft 308, and the other end is provided with an electromagnetic block. The inner wall of the movable block 314 is provided with several sets of sliders. One end of the slider passes through the vertical sliding opening opened on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308 and extends into the assembly cavity. One end of the slider is rotatably connected to a magnetic block 316, which is located above the electromagnetic block. The rotating shaft 308 is also provided with an elastic element that drives the movable block 314 to return to its original position. The elastic element is a spring, one end of which is connected to the movable block 314 and the other end is connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308. The electromagnetic block is used to attract the magnetic block 316 when energized, so that the movable block 314 moves downward, and then drives the sealing plate 313 to open the pulse cylinder 312 via the connecting rod 315. The electromagnetic block is energized to generate magnetic force, attracting the magnetic block 316 to move downwards. This causes the movable block 314 to move downwards along the rotating shaft 308, overcoming the elastic element. Subsequently, all the sealing plates 313 are synchronously driven to rotate through the connecting rods 315, opening the corresponding pulse cylinder 312. This allows a portion of the rising gas phase to pass through at a higher speed, forming a jet pulse. After the power is cut off, the movable block 314 moves upwards under the reset action of the elastic element, the sealing plate 313 closes, and the pulse stops. By periodically controlling the electromagnetic block to turn on and off, a series of local airflow pulses with controllable intensity and frequency can be formed. These pulse jets can effectively disperse the boundary layer, enhance gas phase turbulence, and promote the inertial collision and coalescence of droplets, thereby improving the collection efficiency of the subsequent separation wire mesh 309.

[0025] Please see the appendix Figure 6Preferably, the inner wall of the porous separator 303 in this embodiment is provided with several sets of mounting plates 326 (e.g., welded L-shaped steel plates). A striking rod 327 is slidably mounted on each mounting plate 326. A reset elastic element, which is a spring, is provided between the striking rod 327 and the mounting plate 326. One end of the spring is connected to the mounting plate 326, and the other end is connected to the striking rod 327 (which can be a corrosion-resistant rigid rod, such as a stainless steel rod), so that the striking rod 327 remains in contact with the inner wall of the porous separator 303. The striking rod 327 is positioned such that one end (inner end) corresponds to the inner wall of the porous separator 303, and the other end (outer end) is provided with a connecting magnetic block (such as a permanent magnet). A rotating block 325 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308 corresponding to the position of the striking rod 327. Several sets of adsorption magnetic blocks 328 (whose magnetic poles are different from those of the connecting magnetic blocks) are embedded in the outer circumference of the rotating block 325. In this embodiment, the adsorption magnetic blocks 328 and the connecting magnetic blocks can be made of strong permanent magnet materials such as neodymium iron boron to ensure sufficient adsorption force and durability. When the rotating shaft 308 drives the rotating block 325 to rotate, the adsorption magnetic block 328 will periodically pass by and attract the connecting magnetic block at one end of each striking rod 327, thereby pulling the striking rod 327 outward and causing its other end to detach from the inner wall of the porous separator 303. When the adsorption magnetic block 328 and the connecting magnetic block are misaligned, the striking rod 327 retracts under the action of the reset elastic element and strikes the inner wall of the porous separator 303. In this way, the liquid film, particles and other particles attached to the porous separator 303 and the separation wire mesh 309 can be effectively shaken off, preventing the separation efficiency from decreasing.

[0026] Please see the appendix Figure 7 Preferably, in this embodiment, one end of the rotating shaft 308 is movably fitted with a mounting shell 318 (which can be made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel to balance lightness and strength). A bearing is provided at the connection between the mounting shell 318 and the rotating shaft 308. The mounting shell 318 is fixedly mounted on the bracket. A detection sensor 319 (such as a non-contact photoelectric sensor or Hall sensor) is embedded in the inner wall of one side of the mounting shell 318. A reflector (such as a reflector sheet or magnet) is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308 located inside the mounting shell 318. When the detection sensor 319 corresponds to the reflector, it controls the electromagnetic block to be energized. Both the detection sensor 319 and the electromagnetic block are electrically connected to an external controller. When the rotating shaft 308 rotates and drives the reflector to periodically pass through the sensing area of ​​the detection sensor 319, the detection sensor 319 sends a signal to the controller. The controller controls the electromagnetic block to be energized, thereby automatically triggering the opening and closing action of the pulse cylinder 312. Of course, after the detection sensor 319 is turned off, the person can also manually control the electromagnetic block to be energized and de-energized to trigger the opening and closing action of the pulse cylinder 312 through the controller.

[0027] Preferably, in this embodiment, an external friction member 324 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the bracket. The external friction member 324 is cylindrical, and an internal friction member 320 is rotatably provided inside the external friction member 324. The internal friction member 320 is cylindrical, and an elastic telescopic rod 321 (e.g., composed of a fixed rod, a movable rod inserted into one end of the fixed rod, and a spring connecting the movable rod and the fixed rod) is provided on the internal friction member 320. This is a conventional structure in the art and will not be described in detail here. One end of the elastic telescopic rod 321 is provided with a docking magnetic block. An electromagnetic member 322 is rotatably provided on the bracket above the docking magnetic block. When the electromagnetic member 322 is energized, it attracts the docking magnetic block, causing the elastic telescopic rod 321 to extend relative to the internal friction member 320. The electromagnetic member 322 is connected to the rotating shaft 308 through a transmission member 323. The transmission member 323 is used to drive the rotating shaft 308. 8. When rotating, the electromagnetic component 322 is driven to reciprocate. In this embodiment, the transmission component 323 includes a shaft inserted into the bracket. A torsion spring is provided at the connection between the shaft and the bracket. One end of the shaft extends into the mounting shell 318 and intermittently meshes with the toothed gear on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 308 through the transmission gear on it. The other end is connected to the electromagnetic component 322 through the gear set, thereby converting the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 308 into the reciprocating rotation of the electromagnetic component 322. Of course, the transmission component 323 is not limited to this one. A liquid level sensor 329 and a temperature sensor 330 are also provided at the bottom of the processing chamber. The temperature sensor 330 is used to detect the liquid phase temperature. When its temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the electromagnetic component 322 is controlled to attract and dock the magnetic block. The liquid level sensor 329, the temperature sensor 330 and the electromagnetic component 322 are all electrically connected to an external controller. When the temperature sensor 330 detects that the liquid phase temperature is lower than the set threshold, the controller activates the electromagnetic component 322, causing it to attract the docking magnetic block below. As the electromagnetic component 322 reciprocates, it drives the inner friction component 320 to reciprocate against the inner wall of the outer friction component 324 via the elastic telescopic rod 321, converting some mechanical energy into heat energy to assist in heating the liquid phase below the processing chamber. After the temperature recovers, the electromagnetic component 322 is de-energized, and the elastic telescopic rod 321 resets, causing the docking magnetic block to separate from the electromagnetic component 322 and stopping heat generation. This achieves adaptive frictional heat generation compensation based on liquid phase temperature, ensuring the quality of heat exchange for the liquid phase as it subsequently enters the plate heat exchanger 400. In this embodiment, the outer friction component 324 and the inner friction component 320 can be made of highly wear-resistant silicon carbide or special alloys, and their outer walls can be uniformly opened with flow holes to improve the heating effect on the liquid phase.

[0028] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in a coal gasification process, characterized in that, It includes a high-temperature water heater (100), a normal-temperature membrane deoxygenation system (600), a steam generator (200), a plate heat exchanger (400), and a gas-liquid separator (300); The high-temperature water heater (100) is used to treat high-temperature and high-pressure black water to generate high-temperature flash steam. The ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system (600) is used to treat demineralized water to generate low-temperature deoxygenated water. The heat source inlet of the steam generator (200) is connected to the high-temperature flash steam outlet of the high-temperature water heater (100). The low-pressure steam outlet of the steam generator (200) is connected to the steam pipeline network. The gas-liquid separator (300) is used to connect to the heat source outlet of the steam generator (200) to receive the gas-liquid mixture and separate the gas-liquid mixture into a liquid phase and a gas phase. The first inlet of the plate heat exchanger (400) is connected to the deoxygenated water from the ambient temperature membrane deoxygenation system (600). Its second inlet is connected to the gas-liquid separator (300) to receive the liquid phase and preheat the deoxygenated water through the liquid phase. The first outlet of the plate heat exchanger (400) is connected to the inlet of the steam generator (200) to supply the preheated deoxygenated water to the steam generator (200). The gas-liquid separator (300) includes a housing (301), with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet (311) at the top and bottom of the housing (301), respectively. A partition plate is fixedly installed inside the housing (301) to divide its internal cavity into a gas phase cavity and a processing cavity. The gas phase outlet communicates with the gas phase cavity. A guide shell (302) is fixedly installed on the partition plate, and a connecting gas pipe (304) rotatably passes through the guide shell (302). One end of the connecting gas pipe (304) communicates with the gas phase cavity. The other end is connected to a porous separator (303) located in the processing chamber. An impeller (305) is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide shell (302) inside the gas pipe (304). One side of the guide shell (302) is connected to an inlet pipe that penetrates the outer shell (301) and is connected to the heat source outlet of the steam generator (200). The other side is connected to a distributor (306) fixed to the inner wall of the processing chamber through a pipeline. The distributor (306) has nozzles evenly arranged on the side facing the porous separator (303). A rotating shaft (308) is movably provided at the axis of the porous separator (303). One end of the rotating shaft (308) extends to the bottom of the porous separator (303) and is rotatably connected to a bracket fixed in the processing chamber. The other end extends to the connecting air pipe (304) and is connected to the connecting air pipe (304) through a transmission component (307). The transmission component (307) is used to synchronously drive the rotating shaft (308) to rotate in the opposite direction when the connecting air pipe (304) rotates. A separation mesh (309) with an arc-shaped vertical cross section is fixedly provided in the inner cavity of the porous separator (303). A flow guide hood (310) with an arc-shaped vertical cross section is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (308) below the separation mesh (309). Through holes are evenly opened on the flow guide hood (310). An annular gap is formed between the outer wall of the flow guide hood (310) and the inner wall of the porous separator (303).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second outlet of the plate heat exchanger (400) is connected to a high-pressure flash separator (500). The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator (300) and the gas phase outlet of the high-pressure flash separator (500) are connected together and then connected to the downstream processing process. The liquid phase of the gas-liquid separator (300) is input to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger (400).

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guide (310) is provided with several sets of pulse cylinders (312) with a diameter larger than the diameter of the through hole. The bottom of the pulse cylinder (312) is connected to a rotating shaft with a sealing plate (313). The sealing plate (313) is hinged to a movable block (314) through a connecting rod (315). The movable block (314) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (308). The rotating shaft (308) is provided with an assembly cavity. The assembly cavity is provided with a fixed column (317). One end of the fixed column (317) is fixed to the bracket, and the other end is provided with an electromagnetic block. The inner wall of the movable block (314) is provided with several sets of sliders. One end of the slider passes through the vertical sliding opening on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (308) and extends into the assembly cavity. One end of the slider is rotatably connected to a magnetic block (316). The magnetic block (316) is located above the electromagnetic block. The rotating shaft (308) is also provided with an elastic element that drives the movable block (314) to return to its original position. The electromagnetic block is used to attract the magnetic block (316) by energizing it, so that the movable block (314) moves downward, and then drives the sealing plate (313) to open the pulse cylinder (312) through the connecting rod (315).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the porous separator (303) is provided with several sets of mounting plates (326), and each mounting plate (326) is slidably provided with a striking rod (327). A reset elastic element is provided between the striking rod (327) and the mounting plate (326). One end of the striking rod (327) corresponds to the inner wall of the porous separator (303), and the other end is provided with a connecting magnetic block. A rotating block (325) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (308) corresponding to the position of the striking rod (327). Several sets of adsorption magnetic blocks (328) for adsorbing the connecting magnetic block are embedded on the outer circumference of the rotating block (325).

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the rotating shaft (308) is movably fitted with a mounting shell (318), the mounting shell (318) is fixedly mounted on the bracket, a detection sensor (319) is embedded in the inner wall of one side of the mounting shell (318), and a reflector is embedded in the outer wall of the rotating shaft (308) located inside the mounting shell (318), the detection sensor (319) controls the electromagnetic block to be energized when it corresponds to the reflector.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, An external friction element (324) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the bracket. An internal friction element (320) is rotatably provided inside the external friction element (324). An elastic telescopic rod (321) is provided on the internal friction element (320). A docking magnetic block is provided at one end of the elastic telescopic rod (321). An electromagnetic element (322) is rotatably provided on the bracket above the docking magnetic block. The electromagnetic element (322) is connected to the rotating shaft (308) through a transmission component two (323). The transmission component two (323) is used to drive the electromagnetic element (322) to reciprocate when the rotating shaft (308) rotates. A liquid level sensor (329) and a temperature sensor (330) are also provided at the bottom of the processing chamber. The temperature sensor (330) is used to detect the liquid phase temperature and control the electromagnetic element (322) to attract the docking magnetic block when its temperature is lower than a preset threshold.

7. A method for recovering and utilizing waste heat from high-temperature and high-pressure black water in a coal gasification process, using the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: First, high-temperature and high-pressure black water is fed into a high-temperature water heater (100) for treatment to generate high-temperature flash steam. At the same time, the demineralized water is treated into deoxygenated water through a normal temperature membrane deoxygenation system (600). S2: Then, the high-temperature flash steam is introduced into the heat source inlet of the steam generator (200) as the main heat source, and the deoxygenated water is first sent to the plate heat exchanger (400) for preheating. Then, the preheated deoxygenated water is sent to the steam generator (200) and heated and evaporated by the latent heat of vaporization of the high-temperature flash steam to generate low-pressure saturated steam. The generated low-pressure saturated steam is then input into the steam pipeline network. S3: The gas-liquid mixture formed after the high-temperature flash steam releases heat enters the gas-liquid separator (300) for gas-liquid separation, separating it into a non-condensable gas phase and a high-temperature liquid phase. The liquid phase is sent as a heat source to the second inlet of the plate heat exchanger (400) to preheat the deoxygenated water entering the plate heat exchanger (400). Finally, the liquid phase after heat exchange and cooling, as well as the gas phase separated from the gas-liquid separator (300), are drawn out for subsequent processing.

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