A shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a clogging diagnosis method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of tube heat exchanger and its blockage diagnosis method, belong to heat exchanger technical field, including shell, its both sides are fixedly provided with tube sheet A and tube sheet B respectively, 2n tube bundles are fixedly provided with between the tube sheet A and the tube sheet B in the form of circumferential array, and the side of the tube sheet A away from the tube sheet B is fixedly provided with inner head, the side of the inner head away from the tube sheet A is fixedly provided with side head, and the tube sheet A on the circumferential outside of the inner head and the side head is fixedly provided with head A, and the side of the tube sheet B away from the tube sheet A is fixedly provided with head B, single tube bundle blockage position can be accurately positioned in the application, and quantitative reflection is carried out according to D value size Blockage degree provides direct basis for targeted cleaning or replacement, greatly improves maintenance efficiency and reduces the risk of misjudgment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heat exchanger technology, specifically to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method for diagnosing blockage therein. Background Technology

[0002] Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are widely used heat exchange equipment in industries such as chemical, petroleum, power, and metallurgy. They exchange heat through fluids inside and outside the tube bundle to heat or cool the process medium. During long-term operation, due to impurities, scaling substances, or chemical reactions in the medium, the inner wall of the heat exchange tubes is prone to gradual scaling and blockage, leading to a significant decrease in heat transfer efficiency, increased fluid resistance, and increased energy consumption. In severe cases, it can even cause localized overheating, equipment damage, or safety accidents.

[0003] The existing invention patent with application number 202411459567.5 describes an online diagnostic method for blockage in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. It indirectly determines whether there is overall blockage inside the heat exchanger by installing pressure gauges at the cooling water inlets and switching the opening and closing of multiple control valves. However, it can only identify whether there is a macroscopic pressure drop anomaly in the entire tube bundle; it cannot distinguish whether the blockage is in a single tube, a few tubes, or a large area of ​​the tube bundle, nor can it pinpoint the specific location of the blockage.

[0004] In addition, most existing heat exchangers are designed as a single unit with interconnected flow channels between tube bundles, lacking physical isolation and independent monitoring channels, making it difficult to achieve single-tube status sensing in terms of mechanical structure.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method for diagnosing its blockage, in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and its blockage diagnosis method. The method involves separating the tube bundles and sequentially encoding them using a motor with an encoder. Then, an electric telescopic rod is used to seal each tube bundle individually. Flow meters B and C are used to measure the flow rate of the remaining unsealed tube bundles, thereby calculating the water output rate for each tube bundle. This allows for precise location of blockages in individual tube bundles and quantitatively reflects the degree of blockage based on the D value, providing a direct basis for targeted cleaning or replacement, significantly improving maintenance efficiency and reducing the risk of misdiagnosis.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, comprising:

[0008] A shell has a tube sheet A and a tube sheet B fixedly mounted on its two sides. 2n tube bundles are fixedly arranged in a circumferential array between tube sheet A and tube sheet B. An inner end cap is fixedly mounted on the side of tube sheet A away from tube sheet B. The inner end cap has cavities and connecting holes corresponding to the tube bundles. A side end cap is fixedly mounted on the side of the inner end cap away from tube sheet A. The side end cap has through holes corresponding to the connecting holes. The tube sheets located circumferentially outside the inner and side end caps... A head A is fixedly installed on the tube sheet A. A liquid inlet pipe A is fixedly installed on the head A and the inner head A. A head B is fixedly installed on the side of the tube sheet B away from the tube sheet A. A partition is fixedly installed inside the head B. The partition divides the inside of the head B into a water inlet chamber and a water outlet chamber. A liquid inlet pipe B is fixedly installed at the lower end of the head B and communicates with the water inlet chamber. A liquid outlet pipe A is fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe B. A liquid outlet pipe B is fixedly installed at the upper end of the head B and communicates with the water outlet chamber.

[0009] The monitoring device includes a solenoid valve A fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe A, a solenoid valve B and a flow meter A fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe B and located at the lower end of the connection between the liquid inlet pipe B and the liquid outlet pipe A, a solenoid valve C and a flow meter B fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe A, and a solenoid valve D and a flow meter C fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe B.

[0010] An intermittent sealing mechanism is fixedly installed at one end of the side endcap away from the inner endcap. A turntable is rotatably installed on the intermittent sealing mechanism. (2n-1) electric telescopic rods are fixedly installed on the turntable. Each electric telescopic rod has a push plate fixedly installed at its output end, which corresponds to the through hole.

[0011] A bidirectional plug is movably disposed within the communicating hole. A spring is circumferentially fitted around the bidirectional plug located within the communicating hole, and both ends of the bidirectional plug are respectively positioned corresponding to the through hole and the tube bundle; and

[0012] A control device is connected to the monitoring device and the intermittent sealing mechanism respectively. During the detection process, the control device is used to drive the turntable to rotate periodically so that the push plate is aligned with the through hole, and then adjust the extension of the electric telescopic rod so that the bidirectional plug seals the tube bundle while one of the tube bundles is not sealed.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the bidirectional plug includes a shaft, with a conical plug A and a conical plug B fixedly disposed at both ends of the shaft, the conical plug A being movably disposed within the communicating hole, and the conical plug B being movably disposed within the cavity, wherein the conical plug A is used to block the communicating hole, and the conical plug B is used to block the tube bundle.

[0014] Furthermore, preferably, the spring is sleeved on the shaft circumferentially within the communicating hole.

[0015] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a sealing ring is fixedly provided at the end of each connecting hole near the cavity, and each shaft passes through the sealing ring.

[0016] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a fluid inlet pipe and a fluid outlet pipe are respectively fixedly disposed on the housing, and both the fluid inlet pipe and the fluid outlet pipe are connected to the interior of the housing.

[0017] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a support is fixedly provided at the lower end of the housing.

[0018] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a plurality of baffles are uniformly fixedly arranged inside the housing, and the plurality of baffles are fixedly arranged together by an array of support rods. The baffles are used to fix the tube bundle and extend the fluid heat exchange path.

[0019] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the intermittent sealing mechanism includes a bracket fixedly mounted on the side end cap, and an encoder-equipped motor is fixedly mounted on the bracket. The output end of the encoder-equipped motor is circumferentially fixed to the rotating shaft of the turntable.

[0020] Furthermore, preferably, the control device is connected to the encoder-equipped motor.

[0021] A method for diagnosing blockage in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. In the initial state, each tube bundle is sequentially marked according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor. Starting from point a, the electric telescopic rods are activated, extending as they extend. The push plates sequentially push the bidirectional plugs along the through holes and connecting holes, compressing the springs until the bidirectional plugs seal the pipe bundles. Electromagnetic valves A, C, and D, as well as flow meters B and C, are then opened. Electromagnetic valve B is closed, allowing liquid to be supplied into the cavity via liquid inlet pipe A. The liquid flows along the unsealed pipe bundles into the corresponding inlet or outlet chamber and exits from liquid outlet pipe A or B. Once the flow meter B or C readings stabilize, the flow rate measured by flow meter B or C is recorded as... Then, close solenoid valve A, adjust the electric telescopic rod to retract, push the plate away from the bidirectional plug, causing each spring to reset, the bidirectional plug to move away from each tube bundle, and each tube bundle to return to its unblocked state. Then, control the encoder-driven motor to rotate one cycle, so that the tube bundle at point b is no longer corresponding to the electric telescopic rod, and repeat the above steps, measuring the flow rate in sequence and recording it as follows. , will each After feedback is sent to the control device, the control device calculates the average flow rate. ;

[0023] S2. During normal operation, solenoid valves A and C are closed, while solenoid valves B and D, as well as flow meters A and C, are opened. Liquid enters the inlet chamber through the liquid inlet pipe B. At this time, the inlet flow rate measured by flow meter A is... The liquid then enters the cavity through the inlet chamber via a tube bundle connected to the inlet chamber. The liquid then enters the outlet chamber through the tube bundle connected to the outlet chamber and is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe B. At this point, the flow rate measured by flow meter C is... After the flow rates measured by flow meters A and C stabilize, the measured flow rates are fed back to the control device in real time. The control device then calculates the water output rate. When C ≤ 80%, the control device will issue an alarm to remind the operators to carry out the testing work;

[0024] S3. During the testing process, the control device resets the encoder-equipped motor, and then marks each tube bundle sequentially according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor. Repeat step S1, and measure the flow rate sequentially, recording it as follows. , will each After feedback to the control device, the control device calculates the water output rate D of a single tube bundle, i.e. The size of D directly reflects the blockage status of each tube bundle. When the value of D is large, the blockage status of the tube bundle is small; when the value of D is small, the blockage status of the tube bundle is large.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and a method for diagnosing its blockage, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. In this invention, each tube bundle is separated, and the tube bundle is sequentially encoded by the rotation of an encoder-equipped motor. Then, an electric telescopic rod is used to seal each tube bundle one by one. In conjunction with flow meters B and C, the flow rate of the remaining unsealed tube bundles is measured in sequence, thereby calculating the water output rate corresponding to each tube bundle. This allows for precise location of the blockage position of a single tube bundle, and the degree of blockage is quantitatively reflected according to the D value. This provides a direct basis for targeted cleaning or replacement, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and reducing the risk of misjudgment.

[0027] 2. In the normal operation phase, the total influent and effluent flow rates are monitored in real time by flow meter A and flow meter C. When the effluent rate C ≤ 80%, an early warning is automatically triggered to achieve early anomaly detection. After entering the detection phase, the control system is reset and executes the tube-by-tube testing process to complete the high-precision diagnosis. The entire process does not require disassembling the equipment or shutting down for comprehensive maintenance, which not only ensures the safety of continuous operation of the heat exchanger, but also realizes the detection process from overall coarse judgment to single-tube fine diagnosis, which is significantly better than the existing overall differential pressure judgment method that only relies on valve switching. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand this application and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain this application and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall appearance structure of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional plug in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a baffle plate and support rod in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an intermittent sealing mechanism in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0035] Reference numerals: 1. Shell; 2. Tube sheet A; 3. Tube sheet B; 4. Tube bundle; 5. Inner head; 6. Side head; 7. Head A; 8. Liquid inlet pipe A; 9. Solenoid valve A; 10. Head B; 11. Baffle; 12. Liquid inlet pipe B; 13. Solenoid valve B; 14. Flow meter A; 15. Liquid outlet pipe A; 16. Solenoid valve C; 17. Flow meter B; 18. Liquid outlet pipe B; 19. Solenoid valve D; 20. Flow meter C; 21. 1. Intermittent sealing mechanism; 22. Bidirectional plug; 23. Spring; 24. Sealing ring; 25. Fluid inlet pipe; 26. Fluid outlet pipe; 27. Support; 28. Baffle; 29. ​​Support rod; 51. Cavity; 52. Connecting hole; 61. Through hole; 211. Bracket; 212. Motor with encoder; 213. Turntable; 214. Electric telescopic rod; 215. Push plate; 221. Shaft; 222. Conical plug A; 223. Conical plug B. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0038] Please see Figures 1-6 This invention provides a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, comprising:

[0039] A housing 1 has a tube sheet A2 and a tube sheet B3 fixedly mounted on its two sides, respectively. 2n tube bundles 4 are fixedly mounted in a circumferential array between tube sheets A2 and B3. An inner end cap 5 is fixedly mounted on the side of tube sheet A2 away from tube sheet B3. The inner end cap 5 has a cavity 51 and a connecting hole 52 corresponding to the tube bundles 4. A side end cap 6 is fixedly mounted on the side of the inner end cap 5 away from tube sheet A2. The side end cap 6 has a through hole 61 corresponding to the connecting hole 52. The tube sheet A2 is located circumferentially outward from the inner end cap 5 and the side end cap 6. A head A7 is fixedly installed on the upper end, and a liquid inlet pipe A8 is fixedly installed on the head A7 and the inner head 5. A head B10 is fixedly installed on the side of the tube sheet B3 away from the tube sheet A2. A partition 11 is fixedly installed inside the head B10, and the partition 11 divides the inside of the head B10 into a water inlet chamber and a water outlet chamber. A liquid inlet pipe B12 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the head B10 and communicates with the water inlet chamber. A liquid outlet pipe A15 is fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe B12, and a liquid outlet pipe B18 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the head B10 and communicates with the water outlet chamber.

[0040] The monitoring device includes a solenoid valve A9 fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe A8, a solenoid valve B13 and a flow meter A14 fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe B12 and located at the lower end of the connection between the liquid inlet pipe B12 and the liquid outlet pipe A15, a solenoid valve C16 and a flow meter B17 fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe A15, and a solenoid valve D19 and a flow meter C20 fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe B18.

[0041] An intermittent sealing mechanism 21 is fixedly installed at one end of the side end cap 6 away from the inner end cap 5. A turntable 213 is rotatably installed on the intermittent sealing mechanism 21. (2n-1) electric telescopic rods 214 are fixedly installed on the turntable 213. Each output end of the electric telescopic rod 214 is fixedly provided with a push plate 215 corresponding to the through hole 61.

[0042] A bidirectional plug 22 is movably disposed within the communicating hole 52. A spring 23 is circumferentially sleeved on the bidirectional plug 22 within the communicating hole 52, and both ends of the bidirectional plug 22 are respectively positioned corresponding to the through hole 61 and the tube bundle 4; and

[0043] A control device is connected to the monitoring device and the intermittent sealing mechanism 21 respectively. During the detection process, the control device is used to drive the periodic rotation of the turntable 213 so that the push plate 215 is aligned with the through hole 61, and then adjust the extension of the electric telescopic rod 214 so that the bidirectional plug 22 seals the tube bundle 4 while one of the tube bundles 4 is not sealed.

[0044] Using the above technical solution, in the initial state, each tube bundle 4 is sequentially marked according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor 212. Starting from point a, the electric telescopic rod 214 is activated, and all electric telescopic rods 214 extend. Push plates 215 sequentially push bidirectional plugs 22 along through holes 61 and 52, causing spring 23 to compress until the bidirectional plugs 22 seal the tube bundle 4. Then, solenoid valves A9, C16, D19, B17, and C20 are opened, and solenoid valve B13 is closed. Liquid is supplied into cavity 51 via liquid inlet pipe A8. Liquid flows along unsealed tube bundles 4 into corresponding inlet or outlet chambers and exits via liquid outlet pipe A15 or B18. Once the flow rate measured by flow meter B17 or C20 stabilizes, the flow rate measured by flow meter B17 or C20 is recorded as... Then, close the solenoid valve A9, adjust the electric telescopic rod 214 to retract, and push the plate 215 away from the bidirectional plug 22, so that each spring 23 returns to its original position, the bidirectional plug 22 moves away from each tube bundle 4, and each tube bundle 4 returns to its unblocked state. Then, control the encoder-equipped motor 212 to rotate one cycle, so that the tube bundle 4 at point b is no longer aligned with the electric telescopic rod 214, and repeat the above steps. The flow rate is measured and recorded as follows. , will each After feedback is sent to the control device, the control device calculates the average flow rate. During the testing process, the control device resets the encoder-equipped motor 212, and then marks each tube bundle 4 sequentially according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor 212. Repeat the above steps to measure the flow rate and record it as follows. , will each After feedback to the control device, the control device calculates the water output rate D of a single tube bundle 4, that is... The size of D directly reflects the blockage status of each tube bundle 4. When the value of D is large, the blockage status of the tube bundle 4 is small; when the value of D is small, the blockage status of the tube bundle 4 is large.

[0045] Based on the above technical solution, this application separates each tube bundle 4 and sequentially encodes the tube bundle 4 by rotating the encoder-equipped motor 212. Then, the electric telescopic rod 214 is used to seal each tube bundle 4 one by one. With the help of flow meter B17 and flow meter C20, the flow rate of the remaining unsealed tube bundle 4 is measured in sequence, thereby calculating the water output rate corresponding to each tube bundle 4. This allows for precise location of the blockage position of a single tube bundle 4 and quantitative reflection of the degree of blockage based on the D value, providing a direct basis for targeted cleaning or replacement, greatly improving maintenance efficiency and reducing the risk of misjudgment.

[0046] Secondly, during normal operation, solenoid valves A9 and C16 are closed, while solenoid valves B13 and D19, flow meter A14, and flow meter C20 are opened. Liquid enters the inlet chamber through the liquid inlet pipe B12. At this time, the inlet flow rate measured by flow meter A14 is... The liquid then enters the cavity 51 through the inlet chamber via the tube bundle 4 connected to the inlet chamber. The liquid then enters the outlet chamber through the tube bundle 4 connected to the outlet chamber and is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe B18. At this time, the flow rate measured by the flow meter C20 is... After the flow rates measured by flow meters A14 and C20 stabilize, the measured flow rates are fed back to the control device in real time. The control device then calculates the water output rate. When C≤80%, the control device will issue an alarm to remind the operators to carry out inspection work, so as to realize early abnormality detection.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the bidirectional plug 22 includes a shaft 221, with a conical plug A222 and a conical plug B223 fixedly disposed at both ends of the shaft 221. The conical plug A222 is movably disposed within the communicating hole 52, and the conical plug B223 is movably disposed within the cavity 51. The conical plug A222 is used to block the through hole 61, and the conical plug B223 is used to block the tube bundle 4.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the spring 23 is sleeved around the shaft 221 located within the communicating hole 52.

[0049] It needs to be explained that, in the initial state or during the detection process, each tube bundle 4 is marked sequentially according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor 212, and the tube bundle 4 corresponding to the position without the electric telescopic rod 214 is used as the starting point. Then, the electric telescopic rod 214 is activated, and all electric telescopic rods 214 extend. The push plate 215 pushes the bidirectional plug 22 along the through hole 61 and the connecting hole 52 in sequence. At this time, the spring 23 is compressed until the bidirectional plug 22 blocks the tube bundle 4. After the flow rate value stabilizes and is recorded, the electric telescopic rod 214 is retracted, and the push plate 215 moves away from the bidirectional plug 214. The plug 22 causes each spring 23 to reset, and the bidirectional plug 22 moves away from each tube bundle 4, restoring each tube bundle 4 to its unblocked state. During normal operation, the solenoid valves A9 and C16 are closed, and the solenoid valves B13, D19, flow meter A14, and C20 are opened. The liquid enters the water inlet chamber through the liquid inlet pipe B12, and then enters the cavity 51 through the water inlet chamber along the tube bundle 4 connected to the water inlet chamber. The water in the cavity 51 squeezes the bidirectional plug 22, causing the conical plug A222 to completely block the through hole 61, preventing the liquid from flowing out along the connecting hole 52 and the through hole 61.

[0050] In one possible implementation, a sealing ring 24 is fixedly provided at one end of each connecting hole 52 near the cavity 51, and each shaft 221 passes through the sealing ring 24. The sealing ring 24 can tightly cover the shaft 221, forming a dynamic sealing interface during the reciprocating motion of the shaft 221, effectively blocking the leakage of liquid medium, ensuring the stability of fluid pressure in the cavity 51, and avoiding flow measurement distortion due to leakage.

[0051] In one possible implementation, a fluid inlet pipe 25 and a fluid outlet pipe 26 are fixedly provided on the housing 1. Both the fluid inlet pipe 25 and the fluid outlet pipe 26 are connected to the interior of the housing 1. Fluid can enter the housing 1 along the fluid inlet pipe 25, exchange heat through the tube bundle 4, and finally be discharged from the fluid outlet pipe 26.

[0052] In one possible implementation, a support 27 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the housing 1. The support 27 serves as a load-bearing structure directly connected to the foundation (such as a steel frame platform or concrete base), which can evenly transfer the equipment's self-weight and working load to the support surface, preventing the housing 1 from tilting, settling, or shifting, and ensuring the stability and safety of the entire machine installation.

[0053] In one possible implementation, a plurality of baffles 28 are uniformly fixedly arranged inside the shell 1. The baffles 28 are fixed together by an array of support rods 29. The baffles 28 are used to fix the tube bundle 4 and extend the fluid heat transfer path. It should be added that the baffles 28 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and have tube holes that match the tube bundle 4, so that each tube bundle 4 passes through multiple baffles 28, forming multi-point constraints, which greatly improves the overall stiffness of the tube bundle 4, effectively suppresses vibration, bending and displacement, and ensures structural integrity. At the same time, the baffles 28 force the shell-side fluid to pass through the tube bundle 4 laterally multiple times (forming a zigzag or spiral flow), which significantly increases the degree of fluid disturbance and residence time, destroys the boundary layer, and improves the convective heat transfer coefficient.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the intermittent sealing mechanism 21 includes a bracket 211 fixedly mounted on the side end cap 6. An encoder-equipped motor 212 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 211. The output end of the encoder-equipped motor 212 is circumferentially fixed to the rotating shaft of the turntable 213. During rotation, the encoder-equipped motor 212 can drive the turntable 213 to rotate.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the control device is connected to the encoder-equipped motor 212, that is, the control device can regulate the periodic rotation and reset operation of the encoder-equipped motor 212.

[0056] A method for diagnosing blockage in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger includes the following steps:

[0057] S1. In the initial state, each tube bundle 4 is sequentially marked according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor 212. Starting from point a, the electric telescopic rod 214 is activated, and all electric telescopic rods 214 extend. Push plates 215 sequentially push bidirectional plugs 22 along through holes 61 and 52, causing spring 23 to compress until the bidirectional plugs 22 seal the tube bundle 4. Then, solenoid valves A9, C16, D19, B17, and C20 are opened, and solenoid valve B13 is closed. Liquid is supplied into cavity 51 via liquid inlet pipe A8. Liquid flows along unsealed tube bundles 4 into corresponding inlet or outlet chambers and exits via liquid outlet pipe A15 or B18. Once the flow rate measured by flow meter B17 or C20 stabilizes, the flow rate measured by flow meter B17 or C20 is recorded as... Then, close the solenoid valve A9, adjust the electric telescopic rod 214 to retract, and push the plate 215 away from the bidirectional plug 22, so that each spring 23 returns to its original position, the bidirectional plug 22 moves away from each tube bundle 4, and each tube bundle 4 returns to its unblocked state. Then, control the encoder-equipped motor 212 to rotate one cycle, so that the tube bundle 4 at point b is no longer aligned with the electric telescopic rod 214, and repeat the above steps. The flow rate is measured and recorded as follows. , will each After feedback is sent to the control device, the control device calculates the average flow rate. ;

[0058] S2. During normal operation, solenoid valves A9 and C16 are closed, while solenoid valves B13 and D19, flow meter A14, and flow meter C20 are opened. Liquid enters the inlet chamber through the liquid inlet pipe B12. At this time, the inlet flow rate measured by flow meter A14 is... The liquid then enters the cavity 51 through the inlet chamber via the tube bundle 4 connected to the inlet chamber. The liquid then enters the outlet chamber through the tube bundle 4 connected to the outlet chamber and is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe B18. At this time, the flow rate measured by the flow meter C20 is... After the flow rates measured by flow meters A14 and C20 stabilize, the measured flow rates are fed back to the control device in real time. The control device then calculates the water output rate. When C ≤ 80%, the control device will issue an alarm to remind the operators to carry out the testing work;

[0059] S3. During the testing process, the control device resets the encoder-equipped motor 212, and then marks each tube bundle 4 sequentially according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor 212. Repeat step S1, and measure the flow rate sequentially, recording it as follows. , will each After feedback to the control device, the control device calculates the water output rate D of a single tube bundle 4, that is... The size of D directly reflects the blockage status of each tube bundle 4. When the value of D is large, the blockage status of the tube bundle 4 is small; when the value of D is small, the blockage status of the tube bundle 4 is large.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger, characterized in that, It includes: The shell (1) has tube sheet A (2) and tube sheet B (3) fixedly arranged on its two sides respectively. 2n tube bundles (4) are fixedly arranged in a circumferential array between tube sheet A (2) and tube sheet B (3). An inner end cap (5) is fixedly arranged on the side of tube sheet A (2) away from tube sheet B (3). The inner end cap (5) has a cavity (51) and a connecting hole (52) corresponding to the tube bundle (4) respectively. A side end cap (6) is fixedly arranged on the side of the inner end cap (5) away from tube sheet A (2). The side end cap (6) has a through hole (61) corresponding to the connecting hole (52). The tube sheet located on the outer side of the inner end cap (5) and the side end cap (6) is... A (2) is fixedly provided with a head A (7), and a liquid inlet pipe A (8) is fixedly provided on the head A (7) and the inner head (5). A head B (10) is fixedly provided on the side of the tube sheet B (3) away from the tube sheet A (2). A partition (11) is fixedly provided inside the head B (10). The partition (11) divides the head B (10) into a water inlet chamber and a water outlet chamber. A liquid inlet pipe B (12) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the head B (10) and communicates with the water inlet chamber. A liquid outlet pipe A (15) is fixedly provided on the liquid inlet pipe B (12), and a liquid outlet pipe B (18) is fixedly provided at the upper end of the head B (10) and communicates with the water outlet chamber. The monitoring device includes a solenoid valve A (9) fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe A (8), a solenoid valve B (13) and a flow meter A (14) fixedly installed on the liquid inlet pipe B (12) and located at the lower end of the connection between the liquid inlet pipe B (15), a solenoid valve C (16) and a flow meter B (17) fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe A (15), and a solenoid valve D (19) and a flow meter C (20) fixedly installed on the liquid outlet pipe B (18). An intermittent sealing mechanism (21) is fixedly installed at one end of the side end cap (6) away from the inner end cap (5). A turntable (213) is rotatably installed on the intermittent sealing mechanism (21). (2n-1) electric telescopic rods (214) are fixedly installed on the turntable (213). The output end of each electric telescopic rod (214) is fixedly provided with a push plate (215) corresponding to the through hole (61). A bidirectional plug (22) is movably disposed within the connecting hole (52). A spring (23) is circumferentially sleeved on the bidirectional plug (22) within the connecting hole (52), and both ends of the bidirectional plug (22) are respectively positioned corresponding to the through hole (61) and the tube bundle (4); and The control device is connected to the monitoring device and the intermittent sealing mechanism (21) respectively. During the detection process, the control device is used to drive the turntable (213) to rotate periodically so that the push plate (215) is aligned with the through hole (61), and then adjust the extension of the electric telescopic rod (214) so ​​that the bidirectional plug (22) seals the tube bundle (4) and one of the tube bundles (4) is not sealed.

2. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional plug (22) includes a shaft (221), and two ends of the shaft (221) are respectively fixedly provided with a conical plug A (222) and a conical plug B (223). The conical plug A (222) is movably disposed in the communicating hole (52), and the conical plug B (223) is movably disposed in the cavity (51). The conical plug A (222) is used to block the through hole (61), and the conical plug B (223) is used to block the tube bundle (4).

3. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spring (23) is sleeved on the shaft (221) located in the connecting hole (52) in the circumferential direction.

4. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the connecting holes (52) near the cavity (51) is fixedly provided with a sealing ring (24), and the shaft (221) passes through the sealing ring (24).

5. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fluid inlet pipe (25) and a fluid outlet pipe (26) are fixedly installed on the housing (1), and the fluid inlet pipe (25) and the fluid outlet pipe (26) are connected to the interior of the housing (1).

6. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, A support (27) is fixedly provided at the lower end of the housing (1).

7. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple baffles (28) are uniformly fixed inside the housing (1). The multiple baffles (28) are fixed together by an array of support rods (29). The baffles (28) are used to fix the tube bundle (4) and extend the fluid heat exchange path.

8. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermittent sealing mechanism (21) includes a bracket (211) fixedly mounted on the side end cap (6), and an encoder-equipped motor (212) is fixedly mounted on the bracket (211). The output end of the encoder-equipped motor (212) is circumferentially fixed to the rotating shaft of the turntable (213).

9. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control device is connected to the encoder-equipped motor (212).

10. A method for diagnosing blockage in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. In the initial state, each tube bundle (4) is sequentially marked according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor (212). And make the tube bundle (4) corresponding to the electric telescopic rod (214) at this position not a starting point a, and then control the start of the electric telescopic rod (214). The electric telescopic rod (214) is extended. The push plate (215) pushes the bidirectional plug (22) along the through hole (61) and the connecting hole (52) in sequence. At this time, the spring (23) is compressed until the bidirectional plug (22) blocks the tube bundle (4). Open the solenoid valve A (9), solenoid valve C (16), and solenoid valve D(19), flowmeter B(17), flowmeter C(20), close solenoid valve B(13), supply liquid into cavity (51) along liquid inlet pipe A(8), liquid enters the corresponding water inlet or outlet cavity along each unsealed tube bundle (4), and is discharged from liquid outlet pipe A(15) or liquid outlet pipe B(18). After the value of flowmeter B(17) or flowmeter C(20) stabilizes, record the flow rate measured by flowmeter B(17) or flowmeter C(20) as . Then, close the solenoid valve A (9), adjust the electric telescopic rod (214) to retract, and push the plate (215) away from the bidirectional plug (22), so that each spring (23) resets, the bidirectional plug (22) moves away from each tube bundle (4), and each tube bundle (4) returns to the unblocked state. Then, control the encoder-equipped motor (212) to rotate for one cycle, so that the tube bundle (4) at point b does not correspond to the electric telescopic rod (214), and repeat the above steps. The flow rate is measured and recorded as follows. , will each After feedback is sent to the control device, the control device calculates the average flow rate. ; S2. During normal operation, solenoid valves A (9) and C (16) are closed, while solenoid valves B (13), D (19), flow meter A (14), and flow meter C (20) are opened. Liquid enters the inlet chamber through the liquid inlet pipe B (12). At this time, the inlet flow rate measured by flow meter A (14) is... The liquid then enters the cavity (51) through the inlet chamber via the tube bundle (4) connected to the inlet chamber. The liquid then enters the outlet chamber via the tube bundle (4) connected to the outlet chamber and is discharged through the liquid outlet pipe B (18). At this time, the flow rate measured by the flow meter C (20) is... After the flow rates measured by flow meters A (14) and C (20) stabilize, the measured flow rates are fed back to the control device in real time. The control device calculates the water output rate. When C ≤ 80%, the control device will issue an alarm to remind the operators to carry out the testing work; S3. During the testing process, the control device controls the encoder-equipped motor (212) to reset, and then marks each tube bundle (4) sequentially according to the rotation direction of the encoder-equipped motor (212). Repeat step S1, and measure the flow rate sequentially, recording it as follows. , will each After feedback to the control device, the control device calculates the water output rate D of a single tube bundle (4), i.e. The blockage of each tube bundle (4) can be directly reflected by the value of D. When the value of D is large, the blockage of the tube bundle (4) is small; when the value of D is small, the blockage of the tube bundle (4) is large.

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