A management method, device and system for hydroelectric water conservancy development river

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of water and electricity water conservancy operation scheduling, especially to a management method, device and system for water and electricity water conservancy development river, the method comprises: obtaining the process parameters of the river section and the upstream and downstream affected by water and electricity water conservancy project and carrying out standardized processing to obtain the data after standard processing;Among them, the process parameters at least include: the flow, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, key species population distribution and habitat form data of river;Based on the standardized data, according to the preset index system, the scores of multiple dimension indexes representing the ecological state of river and the comprehensive river health index are calculated.The present application realizes the quantitative evaluation and accurate repair of river ecological health under the premise of considering water and electricity development and utilization, and the required monitoring data is mature and available, the output instruction can be directly connected to the existing gate control system, and it has strong engineering implementability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydropower and water conservancy project operation and scheduling technology, and in particular to a management method, device and system for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of hydropower and water conservancy projects, the natural hydrological conditions, habitat structure, and biological community composition of rivers have been significantly affected. This is mainly manifested in problems such as the encroachment on ecological flow, habitat fragmentation and degradation, a sharp decline in the number of key species, and a decrease in ecosystem service functions. The regulating effect of dams and reservoirs alters the natural runoff process, leading to insufficient flow during the dry season and excessive peak shaving during the flood season, affecting the smooth flow of migratory channels and species reproduction. Simultaneously, changes in riverbed scouring and deposition patterns and decreased riparian connectivity further exacerbate the degradation and fragmentation of aquatic habitats, simplifying the structure and function of river ecosystems and impairing their service capabilities in water purification, fisheries production, and recreational activities, thus hindering the sustainable development of the river basin.

[0003] Existing methods for river health assessment are mostly geared towards natural rivers or general urban waterways. Although some studies have introduced the concept of ecological flow, they often focus on the static control of the minimum ecological flow limit, lacking a systematic coupling of the peak-shaving operation characteristics of hydropower stations and the water demand processes of key species. Furthermore, they do not adequately consider habitat structure, key species status, and ecosystem services. Therefore, existing technologies cannot meet the practical needs for refined and dynamic management of river health in the context of current hydropower development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method, apparatus and system for managing rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a management method for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, the method comprising: The process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects are obtained and standardized to obtain standardized data. Among them, the process parameters include at least: river flow, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, distribution of key species communities and habitat morphology data. Based on the standardized data, and according to the preset indicator system, the scores of multiple dimensions representing the ecological status of the river and the comprehensive river health index are calculated; the indicator system includes at least three dimensions: ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status. Based on the deviation of the scores of each dimension index from the corresponding threshold, and the weight and sensitivity analysis results of each dimension index on the comprehensive river health index, ecological constraint factors that lead to the failure of the river health status to meet the standards are identified. Using the aforementioned ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective, and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints, the data are input into a pre-constructed scheduling optimization model. The output includes at least a time-segmented discharge flow sequence command to guide the operation of the hydropower station, as well as a combination scheme of restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel. The hydropower station's gates are controlled based on the timing command of the outflow, and the combined repair measures are implemented simultaneously until the comprehensive river health index reaches the preset health index threshold.

[0006] In conjunction with the first aspect, the indicator system also includes indicators for ecosystem service functions; the comprehensive river health index is obtained by weighted summation of the scores of each dimension indicator.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, the steps for identifying ecological constraints that lead to substandard river health include: By combining the life cycle characteristics of the key species with the time series analysis of the process parameters, ecological constraint factors formed by the key species during the spawning, migration, or juvenile stages due to the failure of hydrological conditions or habitat conditions to meet preset requirements are identified. The identification process includes: determining the key species' demand thresholds for hydrological conditions and habitat, extracting monitoring data for the corresponding periods, calculating the degree of demand satisfaction, and identifying factors that are continuously not met as ecological constraint factors.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, the objective function of the scheduling optimization model is configured as follows: under the condition of satisfying at least one preset condition of power generation efficiency, flood control safety and water supply demand, maximize the comprehensive river health index, or maximize the objective index selected from at least one of the said dimension indicators; the scheduling optimization model is constructed based on hydrological and hydraulic calculations, ecological response functions and multi-objective optimization algorithms, and its output includes time-series instructions for time-segmented discharge flow and a combination of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, the steps of controlling the operation of the hydropower station's gates based on the timing command of the outflow and simultaneously implementing the combined repair measures until the comprehensive river health index reaches a preset health index threshold include: The system continuously collects real-time data after execution by monitoring the network. The comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension indicator are updated based on the real-time data. Determine whether the updated comprehensive river health index reaches the preset health index threshold; If not, based on the comparison between the updated scores of each dimension indicator and the corresponding scores before the repair, evaluate the implementation effect of the combined scheme of the outflow timing command and the repair measures, and generate the evaluation result; Based on the evaluation results, the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system are updated and adjusted, and an optimized combination of remedial measures is generated based on the adjusted scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system; the scheduling optimization model adjusts the weights of the objective function according to the magnitude of indicator improvement, or relaxes the constraints according to the feasibility of the constraints.

[0010] Secondly, this application provides a management device for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, the device comprising: The data acquisition unit, which includes online hydrological and water quality monitoring equipment, biological and habitat survey terminals, and remote sensing data acquisition equipment, is configured to collect process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects in real time or near real time. A data preprocessing unit, connected to the data acquisition unit, is configured to standardize the process parameters to obtain standardized data. The assessment and diagnosis unit, connected to the data preprocessing unit, is configured to calculate the comprehensive river health index and scores of each dimension index based on the data processed according to the standard and according to the preset index system. Based on the deviation of each dimension index score from the corresponding threshold, the weight of each dimension index to the comprehensive river health index, and the sensitivity analysis results, ecological constraint factors are identified. The decision optimization unit, connected to the assessment and diagnosis unit, is configured to use the ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints. It runs a scheduling optimization model to generate a combination scheme of time-segmented discharge flow instructions and restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel. The instruction output unit, connected to the decision optimization unit, is configured to send the discharge flow timing instruction to the gate control system of the hydropower station to control the gate operation.

[0011] Thirdly, this application also provides a management system for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, the system including the aforementioned apparatus, and the system further including: The display and interaction module, connected to the assessment and diagnosis unit and the decision optimization unit, is configured to visually display the spatiotemporal changes of the comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension, the diagnostic results of the ecological constraint factors, and the combination scheme of the restoration measures, and provide a human-computer interaction interface for adjusting assessment parameters and scheme selection. The execution interface module, connected to the instruction output unit, is configured to transmit the discharge flow timing instruction to the hydropower station's automation control system or gate control system via a data interface.

[0012] In conjunction with the third aspect, it also includes: a restoration measures database, which is connected to the decision optimization unit and pre-stores parameters and applicable conditions for at least one engineering restoration measure among fishway optimization, artificial spawning ground construction, and riparian vegetation restoration; The decision optimization unit is configured to retrieve a matching combination of engineering measures from the restoration measures database based on the identified ecological constraint factors and incorporate it into the restoration measures combination scheme.

[0013] In conjunction with the third aspect, the assessment and diagnosis unit is further configured as follows: After the instruction output unit controls the gate to operate and synchronously implements the combination of repair measures, the data acquisition unit continuously acquires real-time data after execution and updates the comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension index based on the real-time data. When the updated comprehensive river health index does not reach the preset health index threshold, the implementation effect of the combined scheme of the discharge flow timing command and the restoration measures is evaluated based on the comparison results of the updated scores of each dimension index with the corresponding scores before restoration, and an evaluation result is generated. Based on the evaluation results, the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system are updated and adjusted, and the decision optimization unit is triggered to regenerate an optimized combination of repair measures based on the adjusted weights of the scheduling optimization model or the indicator system.

[0014] In conjunction with the third aspect, the display and interaction module is also configured to provide multi-level visualization by river segment, by time and by indicator dimension, to display the spatial distribution and changing trends of the comprehensive river health index and the four-dimensional indicators at different time scales, and output a report.

[0015] The embodiments of this invention bring the following beneficial effects: This application provides a management method, device, and system for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development. The method includes: acquiring and standardizing the process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by the hydropower and water conservancy project to obtain standardized data; wherein, the process parameters include at least: river flow, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, key species community distribution, and habitat morphology data; based on the standardized data, calculating the scores of multiple dimensions of indicators characterizing the river's ecological state and a comprehensive river health index according to a preset indicator system; the indicator system includes at least three dimensions of indicators: ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status; based on the scores of each dimension of indicators and corresponding thresholds... The degree of deviation, and the weight and sensitivity analysis results of each dimension index on the comprehensive river health index, identify the ecological constraint factors that cause the river health status to fail to meet the standards. Using the ecological constraint factors as optimization targets, and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints, the data are input into a pre-constructed scheduling optimization model. The output includes at least a time-series instruction for the discharge flow in different time periods to guide the operation of the hydropower station, and a combination scheme of restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel. Based on the discharge flow time sequence instruction, the gate operation of the hydropower station is controlled, and the combination scheme of restoration measures is implemented simultaneously until the comprehensive river health index reaches the preset health index threshold.

[0016] This application constructs a multi-level river health evaluation index system encompassing at least three dimensions: ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status, to comprehensively reflect the ecological status of rivers developed for hydropower. By accurately identifying ecological constraint factors based on the deviation, weight, and sensitivity analysis of the scores of each dimension's indicators from their corresponding thresholds, it solves the technical challenge of quantifying and locating ecological shortcomings in existing technologies. Furthermore, using the identified ecological constraint factors as optimization targets and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints, a scheduling optimization model generates time-series discharge flow commands and combinations of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures. This achieves the organic coupling of ecological assessment results and engineering operation, upgrading ecological flow protection from static threshold control to dynamic process optimization. Finally, through a closed-loop management mechanism that controls gate operation based on discharge flow time-series commands and simultaneously implements restoration measures until the comprehensive river health index reaches a preset threshold, an adaptive control process is established, addressing the lack of closed-loop management and the inability to meet refined dynamic needs in existing technologies. Thus, it is possible to quantitatively evaluate and precisely restore the ecological health of rivers while taking into account the development and utilization of hydropower. Moreover, the required monitoring data is readily available and the output commands can be directly connected to the existing gate control system, making it highly feasible for engineering projects.

[0017] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention are realized and obtained in accordance with the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for managing rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a management device for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a management system for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure label: 10-Data acquisition unit, 20-Data preprocessing unit, 30-Evaluation and diagnosis unit, 40-Decision optimization unit, 50-Instruction output unit, 60-Display and interaction module, 70-Execution interface module, 80-Remediation measures database; 130 - Processor, 131 - Memory, 132 - Bus, 133 - Communication interface. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, the technical terms used in this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0024] Comprehensive River Health Index ( The index is a comprehensive indicator used to quantitatively characterize the overall state of a river ecosystem. It is obtained by weighted summation of the scores of multiple dimensions such as ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status. Its value ranges from [0, 1], and the higher the value, the better the health of the river.

[0025] Ecological constraint factors refer to key ecological variables or processes that limit the healthy recovery of river ecosystems, such as insufficient spawning flow, poor habitat connectivity, and declining abundance of key species. These factors are identified through analysis of indicator deviation, weight contribution, and sensitivity, and are considered bottlenecks that significantly impact the comprehensive river health index.

[0026] Sensitivity analysis: This refers to assessing the sensitivity of each indicator to the overall river health index by observing the changes in the scores of various indicators across the system. Indicators with high sensitivity coefficients should be prioritized for monitoring and regulation, even if their scores do not deviate significantly.

[0027] The scheduling optimization model refers to a mathematical model that integrates hydrological and hydraulic calculations, ecological water demand response functions, and multi-objective optimization algorithms. This model uses ecological constraints as the optimization objective and hydropower station reservoir capacity, water level, output, and discharge flow as constraints. It outputs time-segmented discharge flow sequence commands and combinations of engineering and non-engineering remediation measures.

[0028] Ecological pulse flow: A short-term, high-flow release designed to simulate natural flood processes, used to stimulate key life activities of fish such as spawning and migration. It is usually implemented at a preset rise rate, peak flow rate and recede rate during a specific life stage (such as the spawning period).

[0029] Engineering and non-engineering restoration measures: Engineering measures include physical modifications such as fishway optimization, artificial spawning ground construction, and riparian vegetation restoration; non-engineering measures include institutional arrangements such as ecological scheduling rules, fishing ban management, and land use control.

[0030] Habitat connectivity index: A comprehensive indicator that quantifies the connectivity of a river in the longitudinal (upstream and downstream), lateral (riverbank) and vertical (surface water-groundwater) directions. It is usually calculated based on sub-indicators such as the number of barriers, the efficiency of fish passage facilities, and the width of the riverbank.

[0031] After introducing the technical terms used in this application, the application scenarios and design concepts of the embodiments of this application will be briefly described below.

[0032] With the large-scale development of hydropower, rivers face problems such as the encroachment of ecological flow, habitat fragmentation, and degradation of key species. Existing assessment methods are mostly geared towards natural rivers and lack systematic coupling with the operation of hydropower projects, making it difficult to form an effective closed-loop management.

[0033] Based on this, this application provides a method, apparatus, and system for managing rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development.

[0034] Example 1 This application provides a management method for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, combined with... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S110: Obtain process parameters for the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects and perform standardization processing to obtain standardized data; among which, process parameters include at least: river flow, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, distribution of key species communities and habitat morphology data.

[0035] S120, based on standardized data and according to a pre-set indicator system, calculates the scores of multiple dimensions of river ecological status and the comprehensive river health index; the indicator system includes at least three dimensions of indicators: ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status.

[0036] S130 identifies ecological constraint factors that cause the river's health status to fail to meet standards, based on the deviation of the scores of each dimension index from the corresponding thresholds, as well as the weight and sensitivity analysis results of each dimension index on the comprehensive river health index.

[0037] S140 takes ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints. It is input into a pre-constructed scheduling optimization model and outputs at least the time-sharing instructions for discharge flow in different time periods to guide the operation of the hydropower station, as well as the combination scheme of restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel.

[0038] S150 controls the operation of the hydropower station's gates based on the timing command of the outflow, and simultaneously implements a combination of repair measures until the comprehensive river health index reaches the preset health index threshold.

[0039] This application first obtains and standardizes multi-source process parameters such as flow, water level, and distribution of key species in the river section affected by the project. Then, based on an indicator system including ecological flow, habitat structure, and key species status, it calculates a comprehensive river health index and identifies ecological constraint factors based on the degree of deviation, weight, and sensitivity analysis of the indicators. Next, using this factor as the optimization target, under the constraints of hydropower station reservoir capacity and output, it generates time-segmented discharge instructions and engineering and non-engineering restoration plans through a scheduling optimization model. Finally, it controls the gate operation through instructions and implements restoration simultaneously until the health index reaches the standard, thereby constructing a closed-loop management system of data collection, assessment and diagnosis, optimization decision-making, and execution feedback, realizing accurate diagnosis and adaptive restoration of river ecological health.

[0040] In step S110, multiple monitoring points are set up in the river section affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects and upstream and downstream to obtain process parameters.

[0041] First, multiple monitoring points were deployed in the river section affected by the project and upstream and downstream. Then, process data was collected based on the constructed multi-source monitoring network. Specifically, this included: Hydrological water level stations are used to monitor flow rate, flow velocity, and water level; online water quality stations are used to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients, etc. Habitat monitoring sections are used to record channel morphology, substrate type, water depth-flow velocity combination, and shading conditions; Biological monitoring sections are used for regular surveys of key fish species, benthic animals, aquatic vegetation, etc. Riverbank and ecosystem service monitoring points obtain information on riverbank vegetation cover, land use, landscape and recreational use through drones, remote sensing and ground surveys.

[0042] In this embodiment, the specific requirements for the selection and deployment of monitoring equipment are as follows: Online hydrological and water quality monitoring equipment: Employs multi-parameter water quality analyzers (such as YSI EXO2) and acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP), with accuracy meeting requirements of flow rate ±5%, water level ±1cm, water temperature ±0.1℃, and dissolved oxygen ±0.2mg / L. A fixed station is deployed every 5 kilometers, with key sections densified to 1 kilometer.

[0043] Biological and habitat survey terminals: Using environmental DNA samplers, underwater video monitoring systems, benthic animal mud collectors, etc., cross-sectional surveys are conducted once a quarter, and the frequency is increased to monthly during key periods.

[0044] Remote sensing data acquisition equipment: Using drones equipped with multispectral cameras and lidar, flying once a quarter to acquire data such as riparian vegetation coverage, land use type, and river morphology, with a resolution better than 0.5 meters.

[0045] In addition, historical hydrological, ecological, and socioeconomic data from periods before development or with less disturbance are collected to determine reference conditions and target thresholds for various indicators.

[0046] Understandably, all online monitoring devices connect to the data center via wired or wireless networks to achieve real-time or near real-time data uploads.

[0047] In step S120, a multi-level river health evaluation index system is constructed to calculate the scores of multiple dimensions of indicators representing the ecological state of the river and the comprehensive river health index. First, ecological flow, habitat, and key species are used as multiple dimensions of indicators, and each dimension of indicator has several quantifiable sub-indicators.

[0048] Among them, the sub-indicators under ecological flow include: ecological flow satisfaction index (the ratio of actual flow to target ecological flow), natural runoff process retention (the degree of deviation between natural and current hydrological sequences), frequency and duration of extreme low flow events, and water temperature process deviation. The sub-indicators of habitat include: suitable habitat area index (the percentage of area that meets the water depth-flow velocity-substrate conditions for key species), habitat connectivity index (vertical, horizontal and vertical connectivity), riparian integrity index, and riverbed morphology diversity index. Key species sub-indicators include: target key species abundance index, target key species biomass index, key habitat utilization rate, fish or benthic community diversity index, and community functional diversity index. After determining the indicator system, each sub-indicator is dimensionless and transformed to the [0, 1] interval. Then, using the analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method, or a combination thereof, and in conjunction with the watershed functional positioning and management needs, the weights of each sub-indicator relative to its respective dimension indicator, as well as the weights of the four dimension indicators relative to the comprehensive index, are determined.

[0049] Finally, by weighted summation, the scores of each dimension indicator and the comprehensive river health index are calculated sequentially, thereby achieving a quantitative representation of the river's ecological state. The calculation formula is:

[0050] in, To comprehensively assess the river health index, For the ecological flow health dimension index, For habitat health dimension index, Key Species Health Dimension Index; The weighting coefficients corresponding to the ecological flow health dimension index For habitat health dimension index, Key species health dimension index, and .

[0051] Calculation examples for each sub-indicator: Ecological flow satisfaction index = actual flow / target ecological flow, where the target ecological flow is determined based on historical natural runoff processes using the Tennant method or the hydrological change index method.

[0052] Suitable habitat area index = area of ​​river section that meets the water depth-flow velocity-substrate conditions for key species / total river section area.

[0053] Key species abundance index = current number of species / number of species in the historical baseline period (or number of reference sections).

[0054] The weights are determined by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the entropy weight method: first, a judgment matrix is ​​constructed by expert scoring to calculate subjective weights; then, entropy weights are calculated based on the degree of variation of the monitoring data; finally, the weights are combined in a 7:3 ratio to form a comprehensive weight.

[0055] It is understandable that the weighting coefficients of each dimension indicator can be fixed values ​​calculated based on a large amount of historical data, or they can be calculated and adjusted in real time based on the process management model. This is just an example and is not limited.

[0056] In conjunction with the first aspect, the indicator system also includes indicators for the ecosystem services dimension; the comprehensive river health index is obtained by weighted summation of the scores of each dimension indicator.

[0057] Furthermore, the construction of a multi-level river health assessment index system also includes ecosystem service dimension indicators. Sub-indicators under the ecosystem service dimension indicators include: water quality self-purification capacity index, fishery output index, recreational and landscape service index, and cultural and educational service index.

[0058] At this point, the calculation formula is:

[0059] in, To comprehensively assess the river health index, For the ecological flow health dimension index, For habitat health dimension index, Key Species Health Dimension Index Ecosystem service health dimension index; The weighting coefficients corresponding to the ecological flow health dimension index For habitat health dimension index, Key Species Health Dimension Index The weighting coefficients corresponding to the ecosystem service health dimension index, and .

[0060] The calculated comprehensive river health index Then, based on a preset health status grading standard, the current health level of the river is determined. As an example: Level I: Healthy ≥0.8); Level II: Sub-health (0.6≤ <0.8); Level III: Mildly unhealthy (0.4≤ <0.6); Grade IV: Moderately unhealthy (0.2≤ <0.4); Grade V: Severely unhealthy <0.2).

[0061] For those who do not meet health standards (e.g.) In cases where the value is <0.8, further identification of ecological constraint factors is conducted. The specific identification process includes: The scores of each dimension indicator are compared with their corresponding target thresholds to calculate the degree of deviation. The target thresholds can be determined based on historical baseline data collected in step S110 or watershed management objectives. For example, when the critical species health index (HKS) is lower than its target threshold (e.g., 0.6), it indicates that the critical species status is a potential constraint factor. Meanwhile, the comprehensive river health index is considered in light of various indicators. Contribution weight (i.e.) ~ For indicators with higher weights but lower scores, their impact on overall health is more significant, and they should be prioritized as ecological constraint factors. For example, if the ecological flow weight... =0.35 and HEF If the score is only 0.4, then ecological flow is the key constraint factor; Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis was used to examine the impact of changes in various indicators on the comprehensive river health index. The degree of influence. For indicators with high sensitivity coefficients, even small changes in scores can have a significant impact. Significant fluctuations in these factors should therefore be included in the scope of constraint factor identification. Finally, based on the above analysis of deviation degree, weight contribution, and sensitivity, and according to preset judgment rules (such as deviation degree exceeding the first threshold, weight value exceeding the second threshold, and sensitivity coefficient exceeding the third threshold at least one), indicators that significantly affect the river's health status are selected from multiple dimensions as the main ecological constraint factors. These factors will serve as the optimization objectives of the scheduling optimization model in subsequent step S140, guiding the generation of targeted restoration and restoration measure combinations.

[0062] In conjunction with the first aspect, step S130, which identifies ecological constraints that lead to substandard river health, includes: S131, combining the life cycle characteristics of key species and time series analysis of process parameters, identify ecological constraint factors formed by key species during the spawning, migration, or juvenile stages due to the failure of hydrological conditions or habitat conditions to meet preset requirements; the identification process includes: determining the demand thresholds of key species for hydrological conditions and habitats, extracting monitoring data for the corresponding periods, calculating the demand satisfaction, and identifying factors that are continuously unmet as ecological constraint factors.

[0063] Specifically, this step, building upon the aforementioned general identification based on indicator scores, weights, and sensitivity analysis, further incorporates the biological characteristics of key species and the time dimension for refined diagnosis. The implementation process is as follows: First, identify the target key species and their critical life stages. Based on the data collected from the biological monitoring sections in step S110, including key fish and benthic animals, and combined with ecological knowledge or historical data, determine the threshold requirements for hydrological conditions and habitat conditions for each target key species' critical life stages (such as spawning, migration, and juvenile stages). For example, a certain fish species requires a flow rate ≥ a certain threshold, a water temperature within a preset temperature range, and a specific substrate type for its spawning period.

[0064] Secondly, hydrological conditions and habitat data for the corresponding periods are extracted to form a time series. Through the multi-source monitoring network constructed in step S110, time series data closely related to the survival needs of key species during the aforementioned critical periods are obtained, including hydrological parameters such as flow rate, water level, and water temperature, as well as habitat parameters such as water depth-velocity combination, substrate type, and riparian zone conditions.

[0065] Then, the actual monitoring data is compared with the preset demand thresholds for key species at each life stage to calculate the demand satisfaction rate for each stage. If the satisfaction rate is lower than the preset standard (e.g., the flow satisfaction rate during the spawning season is <0.6 for three consecutive years), the factor is determined to be an ecological constraint factor. The preset demand thresholds are derived from historical baseline data or ecological research results collected in step S120, such as the minimum flow rate required during the spawning season, the suitable water temperature range, or the slow-flowing habitat area required during the juvenile stage.

[0066] Finally, based on the time series analysis results, the relationship between species abundance and hydrological variables was quantified using the "species-hydrological response curve," identifying the hydrological indicators and their thresholds that have the most significant impact on species survival as refined constraint factors. When hydrological conditions (such as excessively low flow or abnormal water temperature fluctuations) or habitat conditions (such as a reduction in suitable substrate area for spawning or obstruction of migration channels) consistently or frequently fail to meet preset requirements during a critical period, this factor is identified as an ecological constraint factor leading to a decline in the health of key species. For example, if time series analysis shows that the flow during a certain fish species' spawning season is lower than the minimum ecological flow threshold required for spawning for three consecutive years, then "insufficient ecological flow during the spawning season" is identified as the main ecological constraint factor.

[0067] In step S140, using ecological constraint factors as optimization objectives means identifying the ecological shortcomings in step S130 that lead to substandard river health as key areas for improvement in the scheduling optimization model. These ecological constraint factors may include: insufficient flow during the spawning season of key species, poor habitat connectivity, and excessive deviation in water temperature processes.

[0068] In practical modeling, these ecological constraints are quantified into specific ecological objective functions. For example, if the identified constraint is insufficient ecological flow during the spawning season, the objective function can be set to maximize the ecological flow satisfaction index during the spawning season; if the constraint is poor habitat connectivity, the objective function can be set to maximize the vertical connectivity index of the habitat. Typically, a multi-objective optimization strategy is adopted to comprehensively consider river health indices. The primary objective is to maximize the ecological benefits, or to use a weighted combination of multiple ecological indicators.

[0069] Using reservoir capacity, water level, generator output, and discharge flow as constraints for a hydropower station means that the scheduling optimization model must maximize ecological benefits while meeting the safe operation and basic functional requirements of the hydropower station. Specifically, this includes: Reservoir capacity constraints: The reservoir water level must operate between the dead water level and the normal storage level to ensure dam safety; Water balance constraints: The inflow rate, outflow rate and changes in reservoir capacity must satisfy the water balance equation; Unit output constraints: Hydropower station generator units have minimum technical output and maximum output limits; Downstream flow constraints: Downstream flow is limited by the unit's flow capacity and the gate's discharge capacity, while also meeting the downstream river channel's safe discharge requirements; Flood control restrictions: During the flood season, the reservoir water level must be controlled below the flood control restriction level; Water supply demand: If there is a water supply task, the minimum discharge flow rate must be guaranteed to meet the downstream water demand.

[0070] The pre-built scheduling optimization model is a mathematical model that integrates hydrological and hydraulic calculations, ecological water demand patterns, and multi-objective optimization algorithms. The model's construction process includes: Establish hydrological and hydraulic relationships: Construct reservoir inflow forecasting models, reservoir water balance models, and downstream river hydraulic evolution models, etc. Quantifying ecological response relationships: Establishing response functions between the outflow process and various ecological indicators, such as the relationship between flow rate and suitable spawning area, and the relationship between flow rate and water temperature changes; Choose an optimization algorithm: depending on the complexity of the problem, linear programming, dynamic programming, genetic algorithm or multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, etc. can be used; Model solution: Under given constraints, the optimization algorithm searches for the optimal scheduling scheme that achieves the ecological objectives.

[0071] After solving the model, two types of solutions are output: time-sharing instructions for the discharge flow in different time periods and a combination of engineering and non-engineering repair measures.

[0072] Among them, the time-segmented discharge flow sequence instructions are technical instructions that directly guide the operation of hydropower stations. These include: refined discharge flow process lines in hourly, daily, or ten-day periods; special scheduling requirements for critical life stages, such as ecological pulse flow processes implemented during the spawning period (rapid rise followed by slow decline); and suggested timing sequences for unit start-up and shutdown and gate opening, so that the actual discharge flow is as close as possible to the optimized results.

[0073] The combined engineering and non-engineering restoration measures are designed to address ecological constraints such as habitat degradation that cannot be resolved solely through flow regulation. These measures include engineering initiatives such as optimized design parameters for fishways or fish ladders, the location and scale of artificial spawning grounds, riverbed morphology restoration plans, and riparian vegetation restoration areas and plant configurations. Non-engineering measures include ecological regulation rule manuals, recommendations for fishing bans during critical periods, recommendations for riparian land use control, and ecological compensation implementation plans.

[0074] Suppose step S130 diagnoses the main ecological constraint factor for a certain river section as "insufficient ecological flow during the spawning season of a certain migratory fish (April-May each year)". Then, in step S140, the scheduling optimization model will aim to "maximize the ecological flow satisfaction index in April-May" and optimize the downstream flow process in April-May while ensuring the flood control safety and power generation benefits of the reservoir. The time-sharing downstream flow instructions output by the model will require the hydropower station to increase the downstream flow during this period and simulate the natural rise in water level. At the same time, if the diagnosis finds that the bottom conditions of the spawning ground are also poor, the output combination of remediation measures may include engineering measures such as "constructing an artificial gravel spawning ground 2km downstream of the dam" and non-engineering measures such as "prohibiting sand mining during the spawning season".

[0075] In conjunction with the first aspect, the objective function of the scheduling optimization model in step S140 is configured as follows: under the condition of satisfying at least one preset condition of power generation efficiency, flood control safety and water supply demand, maximize the comprehensive river health index, or maximize the objective index selected from at least one dimension index; the scheduling optimization model is constructed based on hydrological and hydraulic calculations, ecological response functions and multi-objective optimization algorithms, and its output includes time-series instructions for time-segmented discharge flow and a combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures.

[0076] Specifically, the setting of this objective function reflects the technical characteristics of this invention in multi-objective collaborative optimization. Since rivers used for hydropower and water conservancy development simultaneously bear socio-economic benefits such as power generation, flood control, and water supply, as well as ecological protection functions, the scheduling optimization model must seek a balance under multiple constraints. The specific configuration methods of the objective function include the following two main modes: Mode 1 aims to maximize the comprehensive river health index. In this mode, the objective function is set to maximize the comprehensive river health index. The advantage of this model lies in its ability to comprehensively consider all dimensions of the river ecosystem, making it suitable for scenarios requiring an overall improvement in river health. During the optimization process, the scheduling optimization model automatically weighs different dimensions to achieve the optimal comprehensive health index. Mode 2 aims to maximize the preferred dimension indicator. In this mode, the objective function is set to maximize a target indicator selected from at least one dimension indicator. Specifically, it includes two sub-modes: one is a single-objective mode, which maximizes only a specific dimension indicator, such as maximizing only the health index of key species. The first model is suitable for situations where a particular ecological constraint is especially prominent, such as prioritizing the survival needs of an endangered fish during its spawning season; the second is a multi-objective weighted model, which maximizes a weighted combination of multiple objective indicators, such as maximizing... ,in, and The weighting coefficients, which reflect priority, can be dynamically adjusted according to management objectives.

[0077] In practical applications, the requirement of "meeting at least one preset condition among power generation efficiency, flood control safety, and water supply demand" is specifically expressed in the mathematical form of constraints in the model: the power generation efficiency constraint can be expressed as annual power generation E ≥ Emin, or peak-shaving capacity meeting grid dispatch requirements; the flood control safety constraint can be expressed as reservoir water level Z ≤ Zflood-limit during the flood season, and reserved flood control capacity Vflood ≥ Vrequired; the water supply demand constraint can be expressed as downstream discharge flow Q ≥ Qwater_supply, ensuring downstream domestic, agricultural, or industrial water demand. Where Emin is the preset minimum power generation value, Zflood-limit is the preset flood season water level threshold, Vrequired is the preset flood control capacity threshold, and Qwater_supply is the preset downstream discharge flow threshold.

[0078] Understandably, the objective function can be configured differently to adapt to the functional positioning and management needs of different river sections. For example, for ecologically sensitive river sections, it can be configured as "maximizing the comprehensive river health index while satisfying the minimum power generation benefit E_min". For river sections primarily used for power generation, the configuration can be "maximizing power generation benefits while meeting basic ecological flow requirements," where ecological flow serves as a constraint rather than an optimization objective. During critical species protection periods, the configuration can be temporarily set to "maximizing the health index of critical species while ensuring flood control safety." Depending on the problem complexity, linear programming, dynamic programming, genetic algorithms (such as NSGA-II), or multi-objective particle swarm optimization can be used. In this embodiment, the NSGA-II algorithm is preferred to solve the Pareto front, and then a compromise solution is selected according to decision preferences. The final output includes the time series of outflows in different time periods (such as hourly and daily scales), the triggering time and amplitude of ecological pulses, and the type and parameters of engineering restoration measures (such as fishway slope and location of artificial spawning grounds).

[0079] Through the above flexible configuration, the present invention can accurately optimize the ecological constraint factors identified in step S130 while meeting the basic requirements of engineering operation, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in ecological and economic benefits.

[0080] In conjunction with the first aspect, step S150 includes: S151 continuously collects real-time data after execution through a monitoring network.

[0081] After the remediation measure combination scheme (including the discharge flow timing command and the remediation measure combination scheme) generated in step S140 is issued and executed, this step initiates subsequent follow-up monitoring. Through the multi-source monitoring network constructed in step S110, hydrological, water quality, ecological, and habitat data of the river section affected by the project and its upstream and downstream areas are continuously collected. Specifically, this includes: real-time monitoring of flow, velocity, and water level changes at hydrological water level stations; continuous acquisition of parameters such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen at online water quality stations; periodic investigation of key fish species and benthic animal communities at biological monitoring sections; recording of changes in riverbed morphology and sediment type at habitat monitoring sections; and periodic acquisition of riparian vegetation cover and land use data using drones and remote sensing. All data is uploaded to the data center in real-time or near real-time via wired or wireless networks, providing a basis for subsequent assessments.

[0082] S152 updates the comprehensive river health index and scores of various indicators based on real-time data.

[0083] After receiving the real-time monitoring data following execution, the data center standardizes the data according to steps S120 and S130, and recalculates the scores of each dimension indicator and the comprehensive river health index based on the preset indicator system. Specifically, the ecological traffic health index will be updated based on newly collected traffic data. The habitat health index was updated based on newly surveyed habitat data. Update the health index of key species based on newly acquired biological data. Update the ecosystem service health index based on remote sensing and socioeconomic data. Finally, the updated result is obtained by weighted summation. This update process can be performed automatically at set intervals (such as hours, days, weeks, months), enabling dynamic tracking of the river's health status.

[0084] S153, determine whether the updated comprehensive river health index has reached the preset health index threshold.

[0085] The updated The health index threshold is compared with the preset health index threshold in step S120. The preset health index threshold can be determined based on watershed management objectives, historical benchmark data, or ecological protection requirements, for example, setting... ≥0.8 is the health target threshold. If the updated... Reaching or exceeding this threshold indicates that the current combination of restoration measures has been effective and the river's health has returned to the expected level. In this case, the current operation mode will continue, maintaining existing scheduling rules and restoration measures. If the updated... If the preset threshold is not reached, it indicates that the current combination of remediation measures has not fully resolved the ecological problem and needs to proceed to the next stage of evaluation and optimization.

[0086] S154. If not, proceed to steps S154-S155; if yes, continue running in the current mode.

[0087] Step S154 evaluates the implementation effect of the combined scheme of the release flow timing command and repair measures based on the comparison results of the updated scores of each dimension indicator with the corresponding scores before the repair, and generates the evaluation results.

[0088] When judging If the target is not met, this step further analyzes the changes in each dimension of the indicators. Specifically, this involves updating the... , , , The scores are compared with the corresponding scores before restoration (i.e., before the implementation of the restoration measures combination plan) to calculate the improvement or degradation degree of each dimension indicator. For example, if the ecological flow health index after restoration... Significant improvement, while the health index of key species If there are no significant changes, it can be preliminarily determined that the timing of the outflow order has a significant effect on improving ecological flow, but its promoting effect on key species is limited; if the habitat health index If significant improvements are observed, the combined remediation measures (such as artificial spawning ground construction and riparian vegetation restoration) can be evaluated as having achieved the expected results. To further differentiate the respective contributions of the dispatch instructions and the remediation measures, this step also employs the following methods for refined attribution: Controlled variable method: While keeping the scheduling instructions unchanged, compare the changes in indicators before and after the implementation of the repair measures, and attribute the changes to the repair measures; conversely, while keeping the repair measures unchanged, compare the changes in indicators before and after the adjustment of the scheduling instructions, and attribute the changes to the scheduling instructions.

[0089] Attribution analysis model: A multiple regression model is established, with scheduling variables (such as outflow, pulse number, and rise rate) and restoration variables (such as fish passage efficiency, spawning ground area, and riparian vegetation coverage) as independent variables, and ecological indicators (such as key species abundance and habitat suitability index) as dependent variables. The contribution of each variable is quantified by regression coefficients.

[0090] This comparative analysis yields a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of various regulatory directives and remedial measures, clarifying which measures are effective and which require adjustment.

[0091] S155, Based on the evaluation results, update and adjust the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system, and generate an optimized combination of repair measures based on the adjusted weights of the scheduling optimization model or the indicator system; Based on the evaluation results, update and adjust the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system, and generate an optimized combination of repair measures based on the adjusted weights of the scheduling optimization model or the indicator system.

[0092] Based on the evaluation results generated by S154, this step adaptively adjusts the decision model, specifically including two adjustment paths: Path 1: Adjust the parameters of the scheduling optimization model. Based on the evaluation results, modify the relevant parameters of the scheduling optimization model in step S140, such as adjusting the ecological flow constraint threshold, modifying the habitat suitability threshold, and changing the priority coefficients of each dimension index in the objective function. If the evaluation finds that a certain key species is not sensitive to flow changes, its weight can be appropriately reduced or its ecological water demand curve can be adjusted; if the evaluation finds that a certain restoration measure is effective, the recommended priority of such measures can be strengthened in the model.

[0093] Path Two: Adjust the weights of the indicator system. Based on the assessment results, update the weight coefficients of each dimension indicator determined in step S120. For example, if the assessment finds that ecosystem service functions contribute significantly to river health but the current weight is too low, it can be appropriately increased. If a sub-indicator is found to deviate significantly from the actual situation, the objective weight can be recalculated using the entropy weight method, or the subjective weight can be adjusted by combining the analytic hierarchy process.

[0094] After completing the above adjustments, based on the updated model parameters or indicator weights, return to step S140 to rerun the scheduling optimization model and generate a new combination of repair measures (including optimized discharge flow timing instructions and combination of repair measures). The new plan is issued and executed again, and the closed-loop process from S151 to S155 is repeated until the comprehensive river health index reaches the preset threshold.

[0095] And in When the standard is met (e.g.) A reading of ≥0.8 indicates that the current combination of discharge timing instructions and remediation measures has restored the river's health to the expected level. At this point, there is no need to trigger a re-diagnosis and optimization process; instead, the existing combination of remediation measures should continue to operate. The hydropower station continues to be scheduled according to the current time-sharing discharge timing instructions, and the implemented combination of remediation measures remains in place without further intervention.

[0096] Understandable, although The standard has been met, but the monitoring network in step S151 continues to operate, although the monitoring frequency can be adjusted appropriately according to management needs. For example, it can be switched from real-time intensive monitoring to periodic routine monitoring (such as changing from hourly data collection to daily or weekly data collection) to reduce system operating costs. Monitoring data continues to be uploaded and stored for subsequent trend analysis and anomaly early warning.

[0097] The aforementioned closed-loop feedback mechanism further includes adaptive adjustment rules: Parameter adjustment rules: Based on the evaluation results, if the improvement of a certain dimension indicator score is lower than expected (e.g., <5%), then increase the weight of that indicator in the objective function (e.g., increase by 0.05); if a certain constraint is too strict and results in no feasible solution, then relax it appropriately (e.g., increase the tolerance of the minimum discharge flow limit).

[0098] Weight update method: The weights can be recalculated using fuzzy hierarchical analysis or entropy weight method, or a correction coefficient can be set based on management experience.

[0099] Feedback trigger conditions: The system sets one of the following conditions to trigger re-optimization: Comprehensive River Health Index If the value remains below a preset threshold (e.g., 0.8) for more than one month; The score for any dimension indicator decreased by more than 10%; Key species monitoring data show an abundance decline of over 15%; Changes in external conditions (such as adjustments to inflow runoff forecasts or the construction of new projects) require reassessment.

[0100] Learning mechanism: The system stores the inputs, outputs, and implementation effects of each combination of repair measures in the database, and gradually optimizes the model parameters through machine learning algorithms (such as reinforcement learning) to achieve self-evolution.

[0101] In practical applications, to prevent fluctuations or degradation in the river's health, the system includes an exit mechanism. Specifically, this includes: exist Based on meeting the standards, a permissible fluctuation range (e.g., ±0.05) is set. Fluctuations within this range are still considered to meet the standard. Set an alert threshold (e.g., 0.75) below the health threshold. When the value falls below the warning threshold but has not yet fallen below the health threshold, the system issues a warning to remind managers to pay attention to potential risks. like If the value continues to decrease and falls below the health threshold, or if the decrease in a single instance exceeds the set limit (e.g., a decrease of more than 0.1), the system will automatically exit the steady-state mode and return to step S130 to re-perform the constraint factor diagnosis.

[0102] Secondly, this application provides a management device for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, combined with... Figure 2 As shown, the device includes: a data acquisition unit 10, a data preprocessing unit 20, an evaluation and diagnosis unit 30, a decision optimization unit 40, and an instruction output unit 50.

[0103] The data acquisition unit 10 includes online hydrological and water quality monitoring equipment, biological and habitat survey terminals, and remote sensing data acquisition equipment, and is configured to collect process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects in real time or near real time.

[0104] The data preprocessing unit 20 is connected to the data acquisition unit and is configured to standardize the process parameters to obtain standardized data.

[0105] The assessment and diagnosis unit 30 is connected to the data preprocessing unit and is configured to calculate the comprehensive river health index and scores of each dimension index based on the standard processed data and according to the preset index system. Based on the deviation of each dimension index score from the corresponding threshold, the weight of each dimension index to the comprehensive river health index, and the sensitivity analysis results, ecological constraint factors are identified.

[0106] The decision optimization unit 40 is connected to the evaluation and diagnosis unit and is configured to run a scheduling optimization model with ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints. The model generates a combination scheme of restoration measures that includes time-series instructions for discharge flow in different time periods. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel.

[0107] The instruction output unit 50 is connected to the decision optimization unit and is configured to send the discharge flow timing instruction to the gate control system of the hydropower station to control the gate operation.

[0108] This device integrates online hydrological and water quality monitoring equipment, biological and habitat survey terminals, and remote sensing data acquisition equipment to construct an integrated data acquisition platform covering multiple elements such as hydrology, water quality, ecology, and habitat. Compared with existing technologies that rely on manual discrete sampling or single monitoring methods, this device can achieve real-time or near-real-time synchronous acquisition of multi-source data, solving the problems of single data sources and poor timeliness in traditional assessment methods, and providing a comprehensive and accurate data foundation for the dynamic assessment of river health status.

[0109] This device, through its assessment and diagnosis unit 30, can automatically calculate the comprehensive river health index and scores for each dimension of indicators based on standardized multi-source data. Furthermore, based on the degree of indicator deviation, weight contribution, and sensitivity analysis results, it accurately identifies the ecological constraints that cause the river's health status to fail to meet standards. This intelligent diagnostic mechanism overcomes the technical shortcomings of traditional methods that rely on expert experience for qualitative judgment and struggle to quantify and pinpoint ecological weaknesses, thus achieving accurate identification of river health problems.

[0110] This device, through the coordinated operation of the decision optimization unit 40 and the command output unit 50, directly transforms the identified ecological constraint factors into executable discharge flow timing commands and sends them to the hydropower station gate control system. Compared with the existing technology where assessment results and engineering operation are disconnected, this device achieves a complete closed loop from problem diagnosis to solution to engineering execution, ensuring that the assessment results can truly guide actual operation.

[0111] Thirdly, this application also provides a management system for rivers used in hydropower and water conservancy development, the system including the aforementioned devices, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the system also includes: The display and interaction module 60, connected to the assessment and diagnosis unit and the decision optimization unit, is configured to visually display the spatiotemporal changes of the comprehensive river health index and the scores of various indicators, the diagnostic results of ecological constraint factors, and the combination scheme of restoration measures, and provides a human-computer interaction interface for adjusting assessment parameters and scheme selection.

[0112] Specifically, this module presents health assessment results in the form of charts, curves, and spatial distribution maps. It supports multi-level queries by river segment, time, and indicator dimension, displays the spatial distribution and changing trends of the comprehensive river health index and the four-dimensional indicators at different time scales, and has a report export function. At the same time, this module provides a parameter setting interface, allowing managers to adjust indicator weights, target thresholds, and scheme selections according to management needs.

[0113] The execution interface module 70, connected to the instruction output unit, is configured to transmit the discharge flow timing instruction to the hydropower station's automation control system or gate control system via the data interface.

[0114] Understandably, this module supports seamless integration with existing hydropower station control systems, converting optimized scheduling instructions into standard control protocols to ensure that the instructions can be accurately identified and executed by the gate control system, and feeding back the execution results and status information to the system.

[0115] This system integrates the second aspect's devices and display / interaction modules, along with the execution interface module, to construct a complete business loop from data acquisition, assessment and diagnosis, decision optimization, command execution, and effect display. Compared to the fragmented approach of existing technologies, this system achieves integrated management of the entire process, avoiding information silos and execution disconnects. The display and interaction module 60 provides an intuitive visualization interface of the river's health status, enabling managers to grasp the spatiotemporal evolution trend of river health in real time, quickly locate ecological problems, and clearly understand the content of restoration measure combinations. This human-computer interaction method lowers the professional threshold and improves the scientific nature and transparency of decision-making. The execution interface module 70 solves the interconnection problem between this system and the existing automated control system of the hydropower station. Through standardized data transmission protocols, it ensures that the optimized scheduling commands can be accurately issued to the gate control system for execution, realizing the direct conversion of assessment results into engineering operations. This system adopts a modular and layered architecture, with standardized interfaces and low coupling between modules, facilitating functional expansion and upgrades according to actual engineering needs. For example, more monitoring equipment can be added as needed, higher-level watershed management platforms can be connected, or more complex optimization algorithms can be integrated.

[0116] In conjunction with the third aspect, it also includes: a restoration measures database 80, which is connected to the decision optimization unit 40 and pre-stores parameters and applicable conditions for at least one engineering restoration measure among fishway optimization, artificial spawning ground construction, and riparian vegetation restoration; The decision optimization unit 40 is configured to retrieve a matching combination of engineering measures from the restoration measures database 80 based on the identified ecological constraint factors and incorporate it into the restoration measures combination scheme.

[0117] Specifically, the restoration measures database 80 stores technical parameters for various engineering restoration measures, including but not limited to: cross-sectional dimensions, slope design, and flow velocity control parameters for fishways or fish ladders; substrate type, water depth range, and flow velocity requirements for artificial spawning grounds; and plant species configuration, planting density, and buffer zone width for riparian vegetation restoration. Simultaneously, the restoration measures database 80 also records the applicable conditions for each measure, such as the applicable river section type, key species requirements, and hydrological characteristics.

[0118] Once the assessment and diagnosis unit 30 identifies specific ecological constraints (such as obstructed migration channels, spawning ground degradation, and riparian zone damage), the decision optimization unit 40 automatically queries the restoration measures database 80, selects engineering measures applicable to the current constraints, and performs parameter adaptation and combination optimization based on the actual situation of the river section. Finally, it generates a complete restoration measures combination scheme that includes engineering restoration measures, and outputs it together with the time-sharing instructions for the time-sharing discharge flow.

[0119] This system constructs a restoration measures database 80, which standardizes and stores the technical parameters and applicable conditions of various engineering restoration measures. Compared with existing technologies where restoration solutions rely on the experience of individual experts and lack systematicity, this system can quickly and accurately retrieve matching combinations of engineering measures from the database based on diagnosed ecological constraint factors, ensuring the scientific nature and relevance of the restoration solutions. Furthermore, the restoration measures database 80 supports modular combinations of various engineering measures. The decision optimization unit can retrieve multiple measures from the database for optimized combination based on the diagnostic results of multiple ecological constraint factors, forming a synergistic and comprehensive restoration solution. For example, in the case of coexisting fish migration obstruction and spawning ground degradation, the system can simultaneously invoke two measures: fishway optimization and artificial spawning ground construction, maximizing the restoration effect.

[0120] In conjunction with the third aspect, the assessment and diagnostic unit 30 is also configured as follows: After the command output unit 50 controls the gate operation and simultaneously implements the combination of repair measures, the data acquisition unit continuously acquires real-time data after execution and updates the comprehensive river health index and scores of various dimensions based on the real-time data. When the updated comprehensive river health index fails to reach the preset health index threshold, the implementation effect of the combined scheme of discharge flow timing instructions and restoration measures is evaluated based on the comparison between the updated scores of each dimension indicator and the corresponding scores before restoration, and evaluation results are generated. To distinguish the respective contributions of the scheduling instructions and restoration measures, a control variable method or attribution analysis model can be used. Controlled variable method: While keeping the scheduling instructions unchanged, compare the changes in indicators before and after the implementation of the repair measures, and attribute them to the repair measures; and vice versa.

[0121] Attribution analysis model: Establish a multiple regression model with scheduling variables (such as flow rate and pulse count) and restoration variables (such as fish passage efficiency and spawning area) as independent variables and ecological indicators as dependent variables, and quantify their respective contributions through regression coefficients.

[0122] Based on the evaluation results, the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system are updated and adjusted, and the decision optimization unit is triggered to regenerate an optimized combination of repair measures based on the adjusted scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system.

[0123] Combination Figure 3 As shown, in the management system provided in this application, the evaluation and diagnosis unit 30 is also configured to perform closed-loop feedback and adaptive adjustment functions.

[0124] After the command output unit 50 sends the discharge flow timing command to the hydropower station gate control system and controls the gate operation, and simultaneously implements the combined remediation measures, the assessment and diagnosis unit 30 continuously acquires real-time data after execution through the data acquisition unit 10, and updates the comprehensive river health index and scores of various dimensions based on the real-time data. This process enables real-time tracking of the implementation effect of the combined remediation measures, providing a data foundation for subsequent assessment.

[0125] The assessment and diagnosis unit 30 further determines whether the updated comprehensive river health index has reached the preset health index threshold. If the threshold is reached, it indicates that the current combination of restoration measures is effective, and the system continues to operate in the existing mode; if the threshold is not reached, the assessment and optimization process is initiated. In the case of failure to meet the threshold, the assessment and diagnosis unit 30 evaluates the implementation effect of the discharge flow timing command and the combination of restoration measures based on the comparison results of the updated scores of each dimension indicator with the corresponding scores before restoration, and generates an assessment result. This assessment result clarifies the actual contribution of each measure, indicating which measures are effective and which measures need to be adjusted. Through the above configuration of the assessment and diagnosis unit 30, real-time tracking and dynamic evaluation of the implementation effect of the combination of restoration measures are realized. When the health index fails to meet the threshold, the system can automatically analyze the changes in each dimension indicator, quantify the actual effect of each measure, and autonomously adjust the model parameters or indicator weights according to the assessment results, triggering a new round of scheme optimization. This closed-loop feedback mechanism enables the system to have adaptive learning capabilities, continuously improving from each regulation practice and continuously enhancing the restoration effect.

[0126] Based on the evaluation results, the evaluation and diagnosis unit 30 updates and adjusts the parameters or weights of the indicator system of the scheduling optimization model, and triggers the decision optimization unit 40 to regenerate an optimized combination of remediation measures based on the adjusted weights of the scheduling optimization model or indicator system. Through this adaptive adjustment mechanism, the system can continuously learn and improve from each regulation practice, forming a virtuous cycle of monitoring-evaluation-adjustment-optimization, and continuously improving the health level of the river.

[0127] In conjunction with the third aspect, the display and interaction module 60 is also configured to provide multi-level visualization by river segment, by time and by indicator dimension, to show the spatial distribution and changing trends of the comprehensive river health index and the four-dimensional indicators at different time scales, and to output reports.

[0128] Combination Figure 3 As shown, in the management system provided in this application, the display and interaction module 60 is also configured to provide multi-level visualization display functions.

[0129] Specifically, the display and interaction module 60 supports multi-level visual queries by river segment, time, and indicator dimension. Spatially, this module displays the spatial distribution characteristics of the comprehensive river health index and four-dimensional indicators for different river segments (such as reservoir areas, downstream of dams, and tributary confluences), intuitively presenting spatial differences in health status through color gradients or level indicators. Temporally, this module supports switching between multiple time scales such as hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and yearly, displaying the changing trends of the comprehensive river health index and each dimension indicator, including historical evolution trajectories and recent fluctuations. In terms of indicators, this module allows users to drill down layer by layer, from the comprehensive index to the dimension indicator scores, and then to the specific values ​​of each sub-indicator, enabling refined tracking of health status.

[0130] Furthermore, the display and interaction module 60 can integrate the aforementioned multi-dimensional information to automatically generate a river health assessment report. The report includes: health level assessments for each monitoring section, diagnostic results of major ecological constraints, evaluation of the effectiveness of combined restoration measures, analysis of health index trends, and subsequent management recommendations. The report supports export in multiple formats, facilitating archiving, sharing, and submission to higher-level management departments.

[0131] Through multi-level visualization capabilities, this system transforms complex assessment data into intuitive graphical information, enabling managers to quickly grasp the overall health status and local differences of rivers, and accurately locate problem areas and critical periods. Spatial distribution maps help identify spatial heterogeneity in health status, while time trend charts facilitate the discovery of patterns and inflection points in ecological evolution. Drill-down functionality supports in-depth tracing of health issues. Furthermore, automatically generated health assessment reports standardize the output of assessment results, reducing the workload of manual data processing and avoiding information omissions and inconsistencies. The standardized report format also facilitates horizontal comparison and vertical analysis of assessment results across different river sections and time periods, providing a reliable basis for unified watershed management and decision-making.

[0132] As an example, a section of the main stream of a certain river developed through a cascade hydropower project in a specific region is used as the application object. Two hydropower stations have been built in the middle and lower reaches of this river, affecting a total river section of approximately 150 kilometers, including the reservoir area and downstream of the dams. Historically, this section of the river was an important fishery resource area, home to several migratory and endemic fish species, and possesses high ecological conservation value. In recent years, due to the impact of hydropower development, the ecological health of the river has shown a trend of degradation, urgently requiring systematic assessment and restoration.

[0133] Following the method in step S110 of this application, a multi-source monitoring network is constructed in this river section, specifically deployed as follows: Automatic hydrological and water quality monitoring stations were set up at 0.5 km, 5 km, and 20 km downstream of the two dams, equipped with multi-parameter water quality monitoring instruments and flow velocity meters to monitor indicators such as flow rate, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity in real time. Flow and water quality monitoring sections were also set up at the confluence of major tributaries as supplementary monitoring points.

[0134] Habitat and fish monitoring points were established in key habitats such as historical spawning grounds, river sections with abundant aquatic plants, and slow-flowing bays. Fish community composition was investigated quarterly using environmental DNA (eDNA) technology, and benthic animal sampling surveys were conducted simultaneously. Data on riparian vegetation cover and land use types were acquired quarterly using remote sensing imagery and UAV aerial surveys.

[0135] All online monitoring equipment is connected to the data center via fiber optic or wireless networks, enabling real-time or near real-time data uploads. Simultaneously, historical hydrological data and ecological survey data from before the power station's construction were collected to determine reference conditions and target thresholds for each indicator.

[0136] Subsequently, based on the indicator system construction method in step S120 of this application, the following sub-indicators are selected to form the evaluation system: Ecological flow indicators include: ecological flow satisfaction during the breeding season, ecological flow satisfaction throughout the year, natural runoff process maintenance, and frequency of extreme low flow events.

[0137] Habitat indicators include: the proportion of suitable habitat area that meets the water depth, flow velocity, and substrate requirements of target fish species; habitat longitudinal connectivity index; riparian vegetation integrity index; and riverbed morphology diversity index.

[0138] Key species indicators include: adult abundance index, juvenile density index, historical spawning ground utilization rate, and Shannon diversity index of fish communities for the two flagship migratory fish species.

[0139] Ecosystem service indicators include: water quality self-purification capacity index, fishery output index, and frequency of recreational use in important river sections index.

[0140] The weights of each indicator are determined using a combination of expert scoring and entropy weighting. First, subjective weights are obtained through expert consultation. Then, objective weights are calculated using entropy weighting. Finally, these weights are weighted at a ratio of 7:3 to form a comprehensive weight. The weights of the determined dimensional indicators in the example are as follows: =0.35、 =0.25、 =0.25、 =0.15.

[0141] Following the method in step S130, the monitoring data for one year is processed. First, each sub-indicator is dimensionless and mapped to the [0, 1] interval using a linear or piecewise function. Then, based on the determined weights, a weighted sum is calculated to obtain the scores of the four-dimensional indicators and the comprehensive river health index. .

[0142] The assessment results indicate that the annual average of the downstream river section The score was 0.55, which falls under the "mildly unhealthy" category according to the grading standards. The scores for each dimension were as follows: Ecological Flow Health Index (HEF) = 0.50, Habitat Health Index (HHT) = 0.60, Key Species Health Index (HKS) = 0.40, and Ecosystem Service Health Index (HES) = 0.70. Among these, the Key Species Health Index had the lowest score, followed by the Ecological Flow Health Index.

[0143] Further combining the methods of step S131, a refined diagnosis was conducted based on the life cycle characteristics and time series analysis of key species. The analysis revealed that during the breeding season of key fish species, the ecological flow satisfaction rate downstream of the dam decreased to below 0.40, with frequent flow fluctuations and a lack of pulse flow simulations of natural flooding. The longitudinal connectivity index of habitats downstream of a historical spawning ground was low, indicating obstructed fish migration channels. The density of juvenile fish and the utilization rate of spawning grounds were significantly low, which were the main factors contributing to the low HKS score. Based on the above analysis, the main ecological constraints were identified as "insufficient ecological flow during the breeding season" and "obstructed migration channels and spawning ground degradation."

[0144] Subsequently, following the method in step S140, a scheduling optimization model is constructed with the identified ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective. The objective function of the model is configured as follows: under the conditions of satisfying flood control safety (the reservoir water level during the flood season does not exceed the flood control limit water level) and power generation efficiency (ensuring that the annual power generation is not less than 85% of the design value), maximize the weighted combination of the ecological flow health index and the key species health index during the breeding season.

[0145] Using the reservoir capacity constraint, water level constraint, unit output constraint, and discharge flow constraint of the hydropower station as boundary conditions, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to generate the following combination of remediation measures: Regarding dispatching instructions, the peak-shaving range and unit start-up and shutdown rates during the breeding season (April-May each year) are limited, and the minimum discharge flow during the dry season is reduced from the original operating rule of 20m³. 3 / s increased to 35m 3 / s (reaching 60% of the historical average natural runoff for the same period), and implementing a simulated pulse flow process during the peak breeding season (mid-April to early May), i.e., for three consecutive days at a flow rate of 5m / s. 3 The discharge rate was gradually increased to 60 m³ / s. 3 / s, maintained for 2 days, then at 3m / day3 The rate of / s slowly decreased.

[0146] Regarding engineering restoration measures, in response to the problem of obstructed migration channels, it is proposed to optimize the existing fishway about 3 kilometers downstream of the spawning grounds, add resting pools, and adjust the slope gradient; in response to the problem of spawning ground degradation, artificial gravel spawning grounds will be set up in the historical spawning ground areas, with gravel bottom material of appropriate particle size laid, and supplemented by riparian vegetation restoration projects, planting native aquatic plants to form an ecological buffer zone.

[0147] Finally, following the method in step S150, the above-mentioned combined remediation measures were issued and implemented. The hydropower station controlled the gate operation according to the time-sharing flow release instructions, while the river management department simultaneously implemented fishway optimization, artificial spawning ground construction, and riverbank vegetation restoration projects.

[0148] By continuously collecting real-time data after implementation through a monitoring network, the assessment and diagnosis unit updates the comprehensive river health index and scores for each dimension monthly. The second-year assessment results showed that the ecological flow health index (HEF) during the breeding season increased to 0.70, the key species health index (HKS) increased to 0.60, and the comprehensive... The score improved to 0.72, reaching a "sub-healthy" state. All indicators showed varying degrees of improvement, indicating that the combined remedial measures have achieved initial success.

[0149] Although The water level is approaching the health threshold (0.8), but has not yet fully met the standard. Further comparison of indicators at different times by the assessment and diagnosis unit revealed that the flow rate decline during the later stages of spawning was slightly faster than the natural hydrological process, leading to premature exposure of some juvenile habitats; the connectivity between the upstream and downstream of the newly added artificial spawning grounds still has room for optimization. Based on these assessment results, the system automatically adjusted the scheduling optimization model parameters, limiting the flow rate decline during the later stages of spawning from the original 3 m³ / day. 3 / s adjusted to 2m per day 3 / s, and increase the target weight of the habitat vertical connectivity index from 0.25 to 0.30, triggering the decision optimization unit to regenerate the optimization scheme and enter the next round of closed-loop adjustment.

[0150] The method and system provided in this application can conduct quantitative and dynamic health assessments of rivers used for hydropower development while taking into account the needs of hydropower generation, accurately identify key ecological shortcomings, formulate operable scheduling and restoration plans, and gradually improve the health level of rivers through a closed-loop management mechanism.

[0151] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, combined with Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device includes a memory 131 and a processor 130. The memory 131 stores a computer program, and the processor 130 runs the computer program to make the electronic device perform the above-described method.

[0152] Furthermore, combined Figure 4 The electronic device shown also includes a bus 132 and a communication interface 133, with the processor 130, the communication interface 133 and the memory 131 connected via the bus 132.

[0153] The memory 131 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Communication between this system network element and at least one other network element is achieved through at least one communication interface 133 (which can be wired or wireless), such as the Internet, wide area network, local area network, metropolitan area network, etc. The bus 132 may be an ISA bus, PCI bus, or EISA bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0154] Processor 130 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry in the hardware of processor 130 or by instructions in software form. Processor 130 may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this invention. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this invention can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can reside in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory 131, and processor 130 reads the information in memory 131 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0155] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are read and executed by a processor to perform the above-described method.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system and apparatus described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0157] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0158] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0159] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0160] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for managing a river for hydroelectric water development, characterized by, The method includes: The process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects are obtained and standardized to obtain standardized data. Among them, the process parameters include at least: river flow, water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, distribution of key species communities and habitat morphology data. Based on the standardized data, and according to the preset indicator system, the scores of multiple dimensions representing the ecological status of the river and the comprehensive river health index are calculated; the indicator system includes at least three dimensions: ecological flow, habitat physical structure, and key species status. Based on the deviation of the scores of each dimension index from the corresponding threshold, and the weight and sensitivity analysis results of each dimension index on the comprehensive river health index, combined with the life cycle characteristics of the key species and the time series analysis of the process parameters, ecological constraint factors formed by the key species during the spawning, migration, or juvenile stages due to the failure of hydrological conditions or habitat conditions to meet preset requirements are identified; wherein, the identification process includes: determining the demand thresholds of key species for hydrological conditions and habitat, extracting monitoring data for the corresponding period, calculating the demand satisfaction, and identifying factors that are continuously not met as ecological constraint factors; Using the aforementioned ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective, and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints, the data are input into a pre-constructed scheduling optimization model. The output includes at least a time-segmented discharge flow sequence command to guide the operation of the hydropower station, as well as a combination scheme of restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel. Real-time data after execution is continuously collected through a monitoring network; the comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension indicator are updated based on the real-time data; it is determined whether the updated comprehensive river health index reaches the preset health index threshold; if not, the implementation effect of the combined scheme of the discharge flow timing command and the restoration measures is evaluated based on the comparison results of the updated scores of each dimension indicator with the corresponding scores before restoration, and an evaluation result is generated; according to the evaluation result, the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system are updated and adjusted, and an optimized combination scheme of restoration measures is generated based on the adjusted scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system; the scheduling optimization model adjusts the objective function weights according to the improvement of the indicators, or relaxes the constraints according to the feasibility of the constraints.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The indicator system also includes indicators for ecosystem service functions; the comprehensive river health index is obtained by weighted summation of the scores of each dimension indicator.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The objective function of the scheduling optimization model is configured as follows: under the condition of satisfying at least one of the preset conditions of power generation efficiency, flood control safety and water supply demand, maximize the comprehensive river health index, or maximize the objective index selected from at least one of the said dimension indicators; the scheduling optimization model is constructed based on hydrological and hydraulic calculation, ecological response function and multi-objective optimization algorithm, and its output includes time-series instructions for time-segmented discharge flow and a combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures.

4. A management device for a hydroelectric water development river, characterized by, The apparatus is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-3; the apparatus includes: The data acquisition unit, which includes online hydrological and water quality monitoring equipment, biological and habitat survey terminals, and remote sensing data acquisition equipment, is configured to collect process parameters of the river section and its upstream and downstream areas affected by hydropower and water conservancy projects in real time or near real time. A data preprocessing unit, connected to the data acquisition unit, is configured to standardize the process parameters to obtain standardized data. The assessment and diagnosis unit, connected to the data preprocessing unit, is configured to calculate the comprehensive river health index and scores of each dimension index based on the data processed according to the standard and according to the preset index system. Based on the deviation of each dimension index score from the corresponding threshold, the weight of each dimension index to the comprehensive river health index, and the sensitivity analysis results, ecological constraint factors are identified. The decision optimization unit, connected to the assessment and diagnosis unit, is configured to use the ecological constraint factors as the optimization objective and the reservoir capacity, water level, unit output, and discharge flow of the hydropower station as constraints. It runs a scheduling optimization model to generate a combination scheme of time-segmented discharge flow instructions and restoration measures. The combination scheme of restoration measures is used to guide the combination scheme of engineering and non-engineering restoration measures for the physical transformation of the river channel. The instruction output unit, connected to the decision optimization unit, is configured to send the discharge flow timing instruction to the gate control system of the hydropower station to control the gate operation.

5. A management system for the hydroelectric development of rivers, characterized by The system includes the apparatus of claim 4, and the system further includes: The display and interaction module, connected to the assessment and diagnosis unit and the decision optimization unit, is configured to visually display the spatiotemporal changes of the comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension, the diagnostic results of the ecological constraint factors, and the combination scheme of the restoration measures, and provide a human-computer interaction interface for adjusting assessment parameters and scheme selection. The execution interface module, connected to the instruction output unit, is configured to transmit the discharge flow timing instruction to the hydropower station's automation control system or gate control system via a data interface.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein, Also includes: A restoration measures database, which is connected to the decision optimization unit, pre-stores parameters and applicable conditions for at least one engineering restoration measure among fishway optimization, artificial spawning ground construction, and riparian vegetation restoration; The decision optimization unit is configured to retrieve a matching combination of engineering measures from the restoration measures database based on the identified ecological constraint factors and incorporate it into the restoration measures combination scheme.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein, The assessment and diagnosis unit is also configured to: After the instruction output unit controls the gate to operate and synchronously implements the combination of repair measures, the data acquisition unit continuously acquires real-time data after execution and updates the comprehensive river health index and the scores of each dimension index based on the real-time data. When the updated comprehensive river health index does not reach the preset health index threshold, the implementation effect of the combined scheme of the discharge flow timing command and the restoration measures is evaluated based on the comparison results of the updated scores of each dimension index with the corresponding scores before restoration, and an evaluation result is generated. Based on the evaluation results, the parameters of the scheduling optimization model or the weights of the indicator system are updated and adjusted, and the decision optimization unit is triggered to regenerate an optimized combination of repair measures based on the adjusted weights of the scheduling optimization model or the indicator system.

8. The system of claim 5, wherein, The display and interaction module is also configured to provide multi-level visualization by river segment, by time and by indicator dimension, to show the spatial distribution and changing trends of the comprehensive river health index and the four-dimensional indicators at different time scales, and to output a report.

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