Hydrogen fuel cell stack staged heat dissipation system and application method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, and discloses a hydrogen fuel cell stack grading heat dissipation system and an application method thereof, which comprises an energy storage plate, a liquid guide plate and a flow control component, the energy storage plate stores phase change materials, and the energy storage plate is provided with a heating component; the liquid guide plate is attached to the energy storage plate, and a plurality of first flow channels parallel to each other are arranged in the liquid guide plate and penetrate through the liquid guide plate; the flow control component comprises a frame arranged at the end of the liquid guide plate, a baffle slidingly arranged in the frame, and a driving component for adjusting the position of the baffle, the frame is provided with a notch corresponding to the first flow channel, and the baffle is used for adjusting the flux of the notch. The baffle is moved by the driving component, the effect that the flow cross sections of the plurality of first flow channels are changed according to the different input positions of the cooling liquid is realized, the flow distribution of the cooling liquid in the liquid guide plate can be improved, the temperature uniformity can be ensured, and the heat dissipation effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy battery technology, and in particular to a graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] The hydrogen fuel cell stack is the core component of a hydrogen fuel cell system. It directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. It is composed of multiple individual cells stacked in series. Each individual cell includes key components such as bipolar plates, membrane electrode assemblies, proton exchange membranes, catalysts, and gas diffusion layers. With the popularization of new energy vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell stacks are widely used as a green energy source for automobiles. When a hydrogen fuel cell is working, about 40% to 60% of the chemical energy is converted into heat energy. Therefore, a thermal management system is needed to dissipate heat in a timely manner to keep the stack within the optimal operating temperature range. Currently, the heat dissipation of hydrogen fuel cell stacks is mainly achieved through liquid cooling systems.

[0003] An existing invention patent application with publication number CN119965291A discloses a porous channel heat dissipation structure adapted to a bipolar plate of a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising: a sealed outer frame and a bipolar plate body, wherein the interior of the sealed outer frame is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the bipolar plate body, the bipolar plate body includes an anode plate and a cathode plate, and a working gas inlet is provided on the outer wall of the top of the bipolar plate body.

[0004] As described above, the technical solution utilizes gas and liquid flow through channels to dissipate heat from the hydrogen fuel cell. However, current liquid cooling plate structures are all non-adjustable. One issue is the use of a single, meandering flow channel, which leads to poor heat dissipation at the end of the channel and consequently poor overall temperature uniformity. While some batteries employ multiple flow channels, the flow rate cannot be specifically adjusted. Due to the limitations imposed by the location of the cooling inlet and outlet, different flow channels have different flow rates, also resulting in poor temperature uniformity. Furthermore, this hinders the heating of the battery in cold environments to enable it to quickly reach operational status. Therefore, improvements to the existing heat dissipation system of hydrogen fuel cell stacks are necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a staged heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks with adjustable flow channel and suitable for early-stage heating of the stack, and its application method, to solve the problem of poor temperature uniformity and inability to quickly adjust the battery temperature in existing liquid cooling structures.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: On one hand, the present invention provides a graded heat dissipation system for a hydrogen fuel cell stack, including an energy storage plate, a liquid guiding plate, and a flow control component, wherein, The energy storage plate contains phase change material and is equipped with heating components. The liquid guide plate is attached to the energy storage plate, and the liquid guide plate has several parallel first flow channels that penetrate the liquid guide plate. The flow control component includes a frame disposed at the end of the liquid guide plate, a baffle slidably disposed within the frame, and a drive component for adjusting the position of the baffle. The frame is provided with a slot corresponding to the first flow channel, and the baffle is used to adjust the flow rate of the slot.

[0007] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the frame has a rectangular three-dimensional structure, and the slot extends through the thickness direction of the frame; The frame has a sliding groove along its length, which connects multiple slots, and baffles are slidably disposed within the slots and sliding grooves.

[0008] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the baffle includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, wherein... Two horizontal plates are provided, and the horizontal plates are slidably set in the slide groove; Several longitudinal plates are provided, and each end of the longitudinal plate is connected to a transverse plate, and the longitudinal plate corresponds to the first flow channel; The driving component is located at the end of the horizontal plate.

[0009] Based on the above technical solutions, the preferred embodiment also includes a manifold fitting, which has two connecting pipes; The end of the energy storage plate is provided with a first groove, and the end of the liquid guiding plate is provided with a second groove. The flow control component is fitted into the first and second slots; The end of the manifold furthest from the connecting pipe is fitted into the first groove and the second groove, and the manifold seals the first groove and the second groove.

[0010] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the driving component is a thermal expansion block, and the several first flow channels are divided into an adjustable flow channel with intervals, a first flow channel corresponding to the connecting pipe and located between two adjacent adjustable flow channels, and a second flow channel corresponding to the end of the horizontal plate. The longitudinal plate corresponds to the flow channel; The driving component is located at the end of the horizontal plate and corresponds to the first flow channel and the second flow channel.

[0011] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the driving component corresponding to the first flow channel includes a thermal expansion body, a slide cylinder, a guide rod, a connecting plate, and a support plate, wherein, The end of the thermal expansion body is connected to the end of the horizontal plate; The sliding cylinder is embedded at the end of the horizontal plate; One end of the guide rod is inserted into the thermal expansion body, and the other end is inserted into the slide cylinder. One end of the connecting plate is inserted into the thermal expansion body and connected to one end of the guide rod, while the other end of the connecting plate extends to the outside of the thermal expansion body. One end of the support plate is connected to the end of the connecting plate that extends to the outside of the thermal expansion body, and the other end of the support plate is attached to the surface of the thermal expansion body. There are two of each of the sliding cylinder, guide rod, connecting plate and support plate, and the two support plates are interlocked.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes a heat sink plate, which is located on the side of the liquid guide plate away from the energy storage plate, and the heat sink plate and the liquid guide plate are an integral structure. The heat sink plate is provided with several assembly grooves so that the heat sink plate forms several ribs, and a second flow channel is provided in the ribs.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, it also includes an adjusting component, with an inner groove formed between the energy storage plate and the liquid guiding plate, and the adjusting component is set in the inner groove. The adjusting component is used to adjust the shape of the first flow channel.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the adjusting components include a cover plate, a rotating shaft, a cam, and a motor, wherein, The liquid guide plate has multiple through slots, each of which is connected to a first flow channel; The cover plate is fitted onto the liquid guide plate and extends into the channel. The cover plate is made of elastic material. The rotating shaft is set inside the inner groove; Several cams are provided on the rotating shaft, and each cam has multiple protrusions; The motor is connected to the energy storage plate and the liquid guide plate, and the main shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides an application method for the above-mentioned graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks, comprising the following steps: S1. Coolant carrying heat from the battery stack is introduced into the liquid guide plate so that heat can be absorbed through the phase change material of the energy storage plate to achieve rapid cooling of the battery stack. In the process of coolant circulation, the flow rate of several first flow channels is adjusted by flow control components; Among them, when the battery stack is in a low temperature state, the energy storage plate is heated by the heating component, and the heat is transferred to the battery stack during the flow of coolant so that the battery stack can reach the working temperature as soon as possible. In the process of coolant flow, the shape of the first flow channel is adjusted by the regulating component to control the flow rate of coolant in the first flow channel.

[0016] The hydrogen fuel cell stack graded heat dissipation system and its application method of the present invention have the following advantages over the prior art: (1) By setting a flow control component at the end of the first flow channel of the liquid guide plate, the baffle can be moved by the drive component to achieve flow regulation of the first flow channel; this realizes the effect of multiple first flow channels changing their own flow cross section according to the different coolant input positions, which can improve the flow distribution of coolant in the liquid guide plate, which is conducive to ensuring temperature uniformity and thus achieving good heat dissipation effect. (2) By setting up an energy storage plate and setting up a phase change material in the energy storage plate, when the coolant used to cool the battery stack flows through the guide plate, the phase change material in the energy storage plate can quickly undergo heat absorption phase change, thereby increasing the heat dissipation efficiency; when used in a cold and low temperature environment, the heating component in the energy storage plate can be used to heat the battery stack, thereby transferring the heat to the coolant in the guide plate, so that the battery stack can be heated through the circulation of the coolant, thereby enabling the battery stack to quickly reach the working temperature, which is beneficial to ensuring the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell operation. (3) In the flow control component structure, there is a frame for the baffle to slide and a drive component for moving the baffle. In this way, the shape of the baffle is adjusted according to the flow channel layout, and the drive component is used to move the baffle, thereby changing the flow cross section of several first flow channels, thereby realizing the flow distribution adjustment, and thus ensuring the temperature uniformity of the liquid guide plate and the energy storage plate. (4) By setting up a manifold, it can realize the convergence of several first flow channels. At the same time, the manifold is provided with a flow pipe for coolant inlet and outlet. The several first flow channels are divided according to the layout of the flow pipe, namely the regulating flow channel, the first flow channel and the second flow channel. The driving component is provided with a thermal expansion body. In this way, the temperature of the coolant can be used to realize the self-adjustment of the baffle position. No active power component is required, which effectively improves the integration convenience and avoids the complexity of the overall structure. (5) By setting the driving component as a thermal expansion body, a slide, a guide rod, a connecting plate and a support plate, the stability of the thermal expansion body movement can be ensured; at the same time, since the support plate abuts against the surface of the thermal expansion body, the thermal expansion body can only expand to both sides to move the baffle, thereby avoiding blockage of the flow channel, which is conducive to ensuring the structural stability of the thermal expansion body and the control accuracy of the flow channel cross section. (6) By setting a heat sink and setting ribs on the heat sink to form an assembly groove, heat exchange elements can be set in the assembly groove to increase the heat absorption rate of the liquid guide plate, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the battery stack; at the same time, a second flow channel is set in the heat sink to allow the cooling medium to be introduced to further improve the heat dissipation efficiency. (7) By setting an adjustment component, the cam can be driven to rotate by the motor and the shaft, which will cause the cover plate to deform, thereby adjusting the inner wall shape of the first flow channel. This can further control the flow rate of the coolant in the first flow channel, thereby achieving sufficient heat exchange, which is conducive to the rapid heat dissipation of the battery stack and the heating of the battery stack. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the graded heat dissipation system for the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the graded heat dissipation system for the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid guide plate of the hydrogen fuel cell stack graded heat dissipation system of the present invention. Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the flow control component of the hydrogen fuel cell stack graded heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point B; Figure 7 This is a connection diagram of the baffle and drive frame of the graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a structural diagram showing the drive component and baffle of the graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks of the present invention. Figure 9 An exploded view of the drive component of the graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a front view of the graded heat dissipation system for the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the present invention; Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 Sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 10 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction; Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 10 Cross-sectional view along the CC direction; Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional view of the disassembled structure of the regulating component of the hydrogen fuel cell stack graded heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 14 Enlarged view of the structure at point C; Figure 16This is a perspective view of the bottom structure of the cover plate of the hydrogen fuel cell stack graded heat dissipation system of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a perspective view of the heat sink of the graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks of the present invention. In the diagram: 1. Energy storage plate; 101. First groove; 2. Liquid guide plate; 201. First flow channel; 2011. Adjusting flow channel; 2012. First flow channel; 2013. Second flow channel; 202. Second groove; 203. Through groove; 3. Flow control component; 31. Frame; 32. Baffle; 321. Horizontal plate; 322. Vertical plate; 33. Drive component; 331. Thermal expansion body; 332. Slide cylinder; 333. Guide rod; 334. Connecting plate; 335. Support plate; 301. Groove; 302. Slide groove; 4. Manifold fitting; 41. Connecting pipe; 5. Heat dissipation plate; 51. Rib; 501. Assembly groove; 502. Second flow channel; 100. Inner groove; 6. Adjusting component; 61. Cover plate; 62. Rotating shaft; 63. Cam; 631. Protrusion; 64. Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. Additionally, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0025] like Figures 1-17 As shown, the hydrogen fuel cell stack staged heat dissipation system of the present invention includes an energy storage plate 1, a liquid guide plate 2, a flow control component 3, a manifold component 4, a heat dissipation plate 5, and an adjustment component 6.

[0026] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the energy storage plate 1 stores phase change material and is equipped with a heating component; the liquid guide plate 2 is attached to the energy storage plate 1 and has several parallel first flow channels 201 that penetrate the liquid guide plate 2; the flow control component 3 includes a frame 31 at the end of the liquid guide plate 2, a baffle 32 slidably disposed in the frame 31, and a drive component 33 for adjusting the position of the baffle 32; the frame 31 is provided with a slot 301 corresponding to the first flow channel 201, and the baffle 32 is used to adjust the flow rate of the slot 301; As described above, the energy storage plate 1 contains a phase change material, which can absorb and dissipate heat through phase change. Specifically, the energy storage plate 1 is equipped with a heating component, which can be an electric heating tube or an electric heating wire to heat up the phase change material. Since the liquid guide plate 2 is attached to the energy storage plate 1, when the coolant flows through the first flow channel 201, the coolant can carry heat into the battery stack to heat up the battery and enable the battery to quickly enter the working state. After the phase change material cools down, it will undergo a phase change, which will facilitate subsequent heat absorption. Specifically, the optimal operating temperature for some hydrogen fuel cell stacks is 60~80℃. When operating in hot weather, if the temperature exceeds the optimal operating temperature, the coolant will cool it down. The heated coolant enters the liquid guide plate 2, where the phase change material in the energy storage plate 1 absorbs heat rapidly, thereby reducing the battery temperature. This energy storage plate 1 is used for rapid temperature regulation. The coolant pipeline is also connected to the heat dissipation unit for subsequent heat dissipation. Through the phase change material, this energy storage plate 1 can quickly reduce the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell stack in a short time and reduce the load on the heat dissipation unit. Specifically, since there are multiple first flow channels 201, but the inlet and outlet positions of the coolant are fixed, it is necessary to adjust the flow cross-section of several first flow channels 201 in order to ensure temperature uniformity. The flow control component 3 is installed at the ends of several first flow channels 201. During operation, the drive component 33 drives the baffle 32 to slide within the frame 31. The baffle 32 selectively blocks the ends of the first flow channels 201, thereby adjusting the flow of the first flow channels 201. This improves the flow distribution of coolant within the guide plate 2, helps ensure temperature uniformity, and results in good heat dissipation.

[0027] like Figures 3-7 As shown, the frame 31 has a rectangular three-dimensional structure, and the slot 301 extends through the thickness direction of the frame 31; a sliding groove 302 is provided in the length direction of the frame 31, the sliding groove 302 connects multiple slots 301, and the baffle 32 is slidably disposed in the slots 301 and the sliding groove 302. As described above, the flow control component 3 has a frame 31 that fits the end of the first flow channel 201 and a corresponding slot 301 for the flow of coolant. The frame 31 also has a sliding groove 302 for mounting a baffle 32 and a drive component 33. Thus, the drive component 33 can move the baffle 32 to selectively block the first flow channel 201, thereby achieving flow regulation of the first flow channel 201.

[0028] like Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the baffle 32 includes a horizontal plate 321 and a vertical plate 322. There are two horizontal plates 321, which are slidably disposed in the slide groove 302. There are several vertical plates 322, each of which is connected to a horizontal plate 321 at both ends, and the vertical plate 322 corresponds to the first flow channel 201. The driving member 33 is disposed at the end of the horizontal plate 321. As described above, the baffle 32 is configured as two parts: a horizontal plate 321 and a vertical plate 322. The horizontal plate 321 is used to slide in the groove 302, while the vertical plate 322 selectively corresponds to the first flow channel 201 so that the flow rate of the first flow channel 201 can be adjusted by the stop of the vertical plate 322. Specifically, the horizontal plate 321 is provided with several of them, so that the flow rate of multiple first flow channels 201 can be adjusted simultaneously to improve the flow distribution of coolant, thereby ensuring that the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guide plate 2 have good temperature uniformity.

[0029] like Figure 2 and Figure 13 As shown, the manifold 4 has two connecting pipes 41; the end of the energy storage plate 1 is provided with a first groove 101, and the end of the liquid guiding plate 2 is provided with a second groove 202; the flow control component 3 is fitted into the first groove 101 and the second groove 202; the end of the manifold 4 away from the connecting pipe 41 is fitted into the first groove 101 and the second groove 202, and the manifold 4 blocks the first groove 101 and the second groove 202; As described above, there are two manifolds 4, which are used for the convergence of the two ends of the first flow channel 201. One end of the first flow channel 201 is the coolant inlet, and the other end is the coolant outlet. In order to ensure that the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guide plate 2 fit tightly and that the first flow channel 201 is as close as possible to the energy storage plate 1, a first groove 101 is opened on the energy storage plate 1 and a second groove 202 is opened on the liquid guide plate 2. This facilitates the fitting and installation of the flow control component 3. Specifically, the flow control component 3 is clamped by the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guide plate 2, and is pressed against the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guide plate 2 by the manifold 4, thereby achieving a good seal, effectively reducing the occurrence of leakage problems, and ensuring the safety and stability of use.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the driving component 33 is a thermal expansion block. Several first flow channels 201 are divided into an adjustable flow channel 2011 spaced apart, a first flow channel 2012 corresponding to the connecting pipe 41 and located between two adjacent adjustable flow channels 2011, and a second flow channel 2013 corresponding to the end of the horizontal plate 321; the vertical plate 322 corresponds to the adjustable flow channel 2011; the driving component 33 is disposed at the end of the horizontal plate 321 and corresponds to the first flow channel 2012 and the second flow channel 2013. As described above, the driving component 33 is configured as a thermal expansion block. When the coolant flows, the thermal expansion block will change with the temperature, thereby driving the baffle 32 to move. Specifically, since the manifold 4 is provided with two connecting pipes 41, the first flow channel 201 and the flow control component 3 are adapted to the structural configuration. The flow control component 3 is divided into two groups with the center line of the liquid guide plate 2, and the drive component 33 is located at the end of the horizontal plate 321. Among them, the first flow channel 201 corresponding to the connecting pipe 41 is set as the first flow channel 2012 to ensure that the first flow channel 201 in this part is always flowing, and the driving component 33 is set to the first flow channel 2012 to quickly sense the temperature. The portion of the first flow channel 201 adjacent to the first flow channel 2012 is configured as an regulating flow channel 2011. This portion corresponds to the baffle 32. In the initial state, the baffle 32 blocks the portion of the regulating flow channel 2011 that is close to the first flow channel 2012. Thus, the portion of the first flow channel 201 that is close to the connecting pipe 41 has a smaller flow cross-section but a larger pressure, while more flow will flow out from the first flow channel 201 that is far away from the connecting pipe 41, but the flow rate is lower, thereby ensuring temperature uniformity. As the temperature rises, the drive component 33 expands and drives the baffle 32 to move. The longitudinal plate 322 of the baffle 32 will block the portion of the first flow channel 201 that is far away from the first flow channel 2012. In this way, the flow rate of the portion of the first flow channel 201 that is close to the connecting pipe 41 is increased, thereby achieving a rapid cooling effect. Located on the other side of the regulating flow channel 2011 is the second flow channel 2013. The first flow channel 201 corresponding to this part always maintains full flow. Since the driving component 33 is set at the end of the horizontal plate 321, setting the second flow channel 2013 to full flow helps to avoid excessive temperature. This avoids the expansion of the end driving component 33 resisting the expansion of the corresponding connecting pipe 41 driving component 33. In this way, the end driving component 33 provides good supporting force to ensure the stability of the position of the baffle 32. Specifically, in this scheme, the drive member 33 of the corresponding connecting pipe 41 and the first flow channel 2012 is used to adjust the baffle 32 of the corresponding regulating flow channel 2011, thereby realizing flow regulation; the drive member 33 of the adjacent second flow channel 2013 is used to provide the supporting force against the baffle 32, and the second flow channel 2013 is used for rapid flow of coolant to avoid rapid heating of the end drive member 33; In some embodiments, the end drive member 33 may be configured as an elastic member such as a heat-resistant spring.

[0031] like Figures 7-9As shown, the driving component 33 corresponding to the first flow channel 2012 includes a thermal expansion body 331, a slide cylinder 332, a guide rod 333, a connecting plate 334, and a support plate 335. The end of the thermal expansion body 331 is connected to the end of the horizontal plate 321; the slide cylinder 332 is embedded in the end of the horizontal plate 321; one end of the guide rod 333 is inserted into the thermal expansion body 331, and the other end is inserted into the slide cylinder 332; one end of the connecting plate 334 is inserted into the thermal expansion body 331 and connected to one end of the guide rod 333, and the other end of the connecting plate 334 extends to the outside of the thermal expansion body 331; one end of the support plate 335 is connected to the end of the connecting plate 334 extending to the outside of the thermal expansion body 331, and the other end of the support plate 335 is attached to the surface of the thermal expansion body 331; two slide cylinders 332, guide rods 333, connecting plates 334, and support plates 335 are provided, and the two support plates 335 are interlocked. As described above, the driving component 33 is provided with a thermal expansion body 331. During operation, the thermal expansion body 331 will change with the temperature, thereby expanding to drive the horizontal plate 321 to move or contract, thereby adjusting the overall position of the baffle 32. A slide cylinder 332 is provided inside the horizontal plate 321. One end of the guide rod 333 is inserted into the slide cylinder 332, and the other end is connected to the thermal expansion body 331. This can ensure the connection stability between the thermal expansion body 331 and the baffle 32. Furthermore, a connecting plate 334 for connecting the guide rod 333 is provided inside the thermal expansion body 331, which can increase the force-bearing area of ​​the thermal expansion body 331 and ensure the connection stability between the guide rod 333 and the thermal expansion body 331. Furthermore, one end of the connecting plate 334 extends to the outside of the thermal expansion body 331 and is connected to a support plate 335. The support plate 335 fits against the outside of the thermal expansion body 331, and the two support plates 335 are interlocked. In this way, when the thermal expansion body 331 expands, it is stopped by the support plate 335, which can ensure the stability of the movement of the thermal expansion body 331. The thermal expansion body 331 can only expand to both sides to move the baffle 32, thereby avoiding inward expansion and blockage of the first flow channel 201. This is beneficial to ensuring the structural stability of the thermal expansion body 331 and the control accuracy of the flow cross section of the first flow channel 201.

[0032] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 17 As shown, the heat sink 5 is located on the side of the liquid guide plate 2 away from the energy storage plate 1, and the heat sink 5 and the liquid guide plate 2 are an integral structure. The heat sink 5 is provided with several assembly slots 501 so that the heat sink 5 forms several ribs 51, and a second flow channel 502 is provided in the ribs 51. As described above, in order to further improve the heat dissipation efficiency, a heat dissipation plate 5 is provided on the liquid guide plate 2, and a second flow channel 502 is provided inside the heat dissipation plate 5, which is separately connected to a liquid cooling system to achieve heat dissipation for the liquid guide plate 2, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. Specifically, the heat sink 5 is provided with ribs 51 to form several assembly slots 501, so that heat exchange elements can be set in the assembly slots 501 to increase the heat absorption rate of the liquid guide plate, thereby quickly reducing the temperature of the battery stack. Specifically, the rib 51 has a frame-like structure, and the second flow channel 502 is arranged inside the rib 51. In this way, after the coolant is input through the connecting pipe 41, during the flow to both sides, the second flow channel 502 can carry away some heat. Thus, when the coolant flows to the second flow channel 2013, excessive heat can be avoided from affecting the stability of the end drive component 33, which further ensures the reliability and heat dissipation efficiency of the application.

[0033] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 17 As shown, an inner groove 100 is provided between the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guiding plate 2, and an adjusting member 6 is provided in the inner groove 100. The adjusting member 6 is used to adjust the shape of the first flow channel 201. As described above, an inner groove 100 is provided between the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guiding plate 2 for installing the adjustment component 6. The adjustment component 6 is used to adjust the shape of the first flow channel 201 to change the flow rate and flow pattern of the coolant. This helps to ensure sufficient heat exchange between the coolant and the phase change material in the energy storage plate 1, thereby ensuring that the battery stack can be well heated or cooled.

[0034] like Figure 14 and Figure 15 As shown, the adjusting component 6 includes a cover plate 61, a rotating shaft 62, a cam 63, and a motor 64. The liquid guide plate 2 has multiple through slots 203, each of which communicates with a first flow channel 201. The cover plate 61 is fitted onto the liquid guide plate 2 and extends into the through slots 203; the cover plate 61 is made of an elastic material. The rotating shaft 62 is disposed within the inner groove 100. Several cams 63 are provided on the rotating shaft 62, and each cam 63 has multiple protrusions 631. The motor 64 is connected to the energy storage plate 1 and the liquid guide plate 2, and the main shaft of the motor 64 is connected to the rotating shaft 62. As described above, the adjusting member 6 is provided with a cover plate 61, and the liquid guiding plate 2 has a slot for fitting and assembling the cover plate 61. The cover plate 61 is made of elastic material and fully seals the slot of the liquid guiding plate 2. The liquid guide plate 2 has a through groove 203 that communicates with the first flow channel 201. There is one through groove 203 for each first flow channel 201. The cover plate 61 extends partially into the through groove 203 to ensure that the inner surface of the first flow channel 201 is flat, thereby ensuring that the coolant can flow smoothly. In practical application, the motor 64 drives the rotating shaft 62 to rotate, which in turn drives the cam 63 to rotate. By moving the protrusion 631, the portion of the cover plate 61 corresponding to the through groove 203 can be supported, so that the supported portion of the cover plate 61 protrudes into the first flow channel 201. This changes the shape of the first flow channel 201, which can reduce the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 201 and generate turbulence, so that the coolant flows through the first flow channel 201 at a lower rate, thereby fully realizing heat exchange. This is beneficial for both the heating and cooling of the coolant, thus further ensuring that the application has good results. In the figure, the protrusions 631 of the cams 63 are arranged side by side, and the protrusions 631 of the cams 63 also face different directions to achieve local adjustment of the first flow channel 201; Furthermore, a corresponding flow rate detection component can be set for the first flow channel 201 to assist the motor 64 in operation, thereby adjusting the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first flow channel 201 according to the coolant delivery pressure to ensure normal heat exchange.

[0035] The application method of the graded heat dissipation system for hydrogen fuel cell stacks of the present invention includes the following steps: S1. Coolant carrying heat from the battery stack is introduced into the liquid guide plate 2 so that heat can be absorbed through the phase change material of the energy storage plate 1 to achieve rapid cooling of the battery stack. During the coolant flow process, the flow rate of several first flow channels 201 is adjusted by the flow control component 3. Among them, when the battery stack is in a low temperature state, the energy storage plate 1 is heated by the heating component, and the heat is transferred to the battery stack during the flow of coolant so that the battery stack can reach the working temperature as soon as possible. During the coolant flow process, the shape of the first flow channel 201 is adjusted by the adjusting component 6 to control the flow rate of the coolant in the first flow channel 201.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell stack staged heat dissipation system, characterized by: It includes an energy storage plate (1), a liquid guiding plate (2), and a flow control component (3), wherein, The energy storage plate (1) stores phase change material and is equipped with a heating component. The liquid guide plate (2) is attached to the energy storage plate (1), and the liquid guide plate (2) has a plurality of parallel first flow channels (201), which penetrate the liquid guide plate (2). The flow control component (3) includes a frame (31) disposed at the end of the liquid guide plate (2), a baffle (32) slidably disposed in the frame (31), and a drive component (33) for adjusting the position of the baffle (32). The frame (31) is provided with a slot (301) corresponding to the first flow channel (201), and the baffle (32) is used to adjust the flow rate of the slot (301).

2. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 1, wherein: The frame (31) has a rectangular three-dimensional structure, and the slot (301) penetrates the thickness direction of the frame (31); The frame (31) is provided with a slide groove (302) along its length, the slide groove (302) is connected to a plurality of slots (301), and the baffle (32) is slidably disposed in the slots (301) and the slide groove (302).

3. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 2, wherein: The baffle (32) includes a horizontal plate (321) and a vertical plate (322), wherein, Two horizontal plates (321) are provided, and the horizontal plates (321) are slidably disposed in the groove (302); The longitudinal plate (322) is provided with a plurality of longitudinal plates, and each end of the longitudinal plate (322) is connected to a transverse plate (321), and the longitudinal plate (322) corresponds to the first flow channel (201). The drive unit (33) is disposed at the end of the cross plate (321).

4. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 3, wherein: It also includes a manifold (4) having two connecting pipes (41); The end of the energy storage plate (1) is provided with a first groove (101), and the end of the liquid guiding plate (2) is provided with a second groove (202). The flow control element (3) is fitted into the first groove (101) and the second groove (202); The end of the manifold (4) away from the connecting pipe (41) is fitted into the first groove (101) and the second groove (202), and the manifold (4) blocks the first groove (101) and the second groove (202).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 4, wherein: The driving component (33) is a thermal expansion block. The first flow channels (201) are divided into an adjustable flow channel (2011) with intervals, a first flow channel (2012) corresponding to the connecting pipe (41) and located between two adjacent adjustable flow channels (2011), and a second flow channel (2013) corresponding to the end of the horizontal plate (321). The longitudinal plate (322) corresponds to the regulating channel (2011); The drive element (33) is disposed at the end of the horizontal plate (321) and corresponds to the first flow channel (2012) and the second flow channel (2013).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 5, wherein: The driving component (33) corresponding to the first flow channel (2012) includes a thermal expansion body (331), a slide (332), a guide rod (333), a connecting plate (334), and a support plate (335), wherein, The end of the thermal expansion body (331) is connected to the end of the horizontal plate (321); The slide tube (332) is embedded at the end of the cross plate (321); One end of the guide rod (333) is inserted into the thermal expansion body (331), and the other end is inserted into the slide cylinder (332); One end of the connecting plate (334) is inserted into the thermal expansion body (331) and connected to one end of the guide rod (333), and the other end of the connecting plate (334) extends to the outside of the thermal expansion body (331). One end of the support plate (335) is connected to one end of the connecting plate (334) extending to the outside of the thermal expansion body (331), and the other end of the support plate (335) is attached to the surface of the thermal expansion body (331). Two slide cylinders (332), two guide rods (333), two connecting plates (334) and two support plates (335) are provided, and the two support plates (335) are interlocked.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell stack fractional heat dissipation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: It also includes a heat sink (5), which is disposed on the side of the liquid guide plate (2) away from the energy storage plate (1), and the heat sink (5) and the liquid guide plate (2) are an integral structure. The heat sink (5) is provided with a plurality of assembly grooves (501) so that the heat sink (5) forms a plurality of ribs (51), and a second flow channel (502) is provided in the ribs (51).

8. The hydrogen fuel cell stack fractional heat dissipation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: It also includes an adjusting component (6), an inner groove (100) is provided between the energy storage plate (1) and the liquid guiding plate (2), the adjusting component (6) is disposed in the inner groove (100), and the adjusting component (6) is used to adjust the shape of the first flow channel (201).

9. The hydrogen fuel cell stack graduated heat dissipation system of claim 8, wherein: The adjusting component (6) includes a cover plate (61), a rotating shaft (62), a cam (63), and a motor (64), wherein, The liquid guide plate (2) is provided with a plurality of through grooves (203), each of the through grooves (203) being connected to a first flow channel (201); The cover plate (61) is fitted onto the liquid guide plate (2) and extends into the through groove (203). The cover plate (61) is made of elastic material. The rotating shaft (62) is disposed within the inner groove (100); The cam (63) is provided on the rotating shaft (62) in several ways, and the cam (63) has multiple protrusions (631). The motor (64) is connected to the energy storage plate (1) and the liquid guide plate (2), and the main shaft of the motor (64) is connected to the rotating shaft (62).

10. A method of using a hydrogen fuel cell stack staged heat removal system as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1. Cooling liquid carrying the heat of the battery stack is introduced into the liquid guide plate (2) so that the phase change material of the energy storage plate (1) can absorb heat and achieve rapid cooling of the battery stack. During the flow of coolant, the flow rate of several first flow channels (201) is adjusted by the flow control component (3); In this process, when the battery stack is in a low temperature state, the energy storage plate (1) is heated by the heating component, and the heat is transferred to the battery stack during the flow of coolant so that the battery stack can reach the working temperature as soon as possible. During the flow of coolant, the shape of the first flow channel (201) is adjusted by the adjusting member (6) to control the flow rate of coolant in the first flow channel (201).

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