Photovoltaic system safety protection method and system, electronic device and readable storage medium
By using a collaborative communication channel between RSD and AFCI in a photovoltaic system, and by adjusting the shielding enable signal and the arc judgment threshold, the problem of AFCI misjudgment caused by RSD turn-off action is solved, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SOLAR POWER NETWORK TECHNOLOGY (ZHEJIANG) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
In photovoltaic systems, the sudden current change caused by the fast shutdown device (RSD) performing a fast shutdown action can easily be misjudged as an arc fault by the arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), leading to unnecessary system shutdowns and reduced reliability of the protection system.
By establishing a cooperative communication channel between RSD and AFCI, RSD sends a shielding enable signal before performing the shutdown action, causing AFCI to enter the shielding window state, temporarily shielding or increasing the arc judgment threshold to avoid misjudgment.
It effectively avoids AFCI misjudgment of RSD shutdown actions, improves system reliability and stability, reduces costs, and is suitable for various RSD and AFCI configurations.
Smart Images
Figure CN122068684B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically to a photovoltaic system security protection method, system, electronic device, and readable storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, system safety has become increasingly important. Rapid Shutdown Devices (RSDs) and Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) have become indispensable safety devices for photovoltaic systems, especially residential and energy storage systems.
[0003] AFCI (Active Current Monitoring) and RSD (Remote Current Discharge) perform different protection functions. The core function of AFCI is to monitor the current characteristics in the line in real time. Through advanced algorithms (such as high-frequency current component analysis and pattern recognition), it accurately diagnoses and cuts off dangerous arcs, effectively preventing fire hazards caused by line aging, poor contact, and other problems. AFCI is currently often integrated into inverters. RSD is generally installed at the photovoltaic module port in a photovoltaic inverter system. Its main feature is the ability to quickly cut off the DC high voltage at the photovoltaic module terminal in a very short time under specific triggering conditions (such as receiving a shutdown signal or detecting an anomaly), reducing the risk of electric shock and providing a safe operating environment for personnel, thus meeting the safety needs of photovoltaic system installation, maintenance, and emergency situations. Photovoltaic inverter systems with RSD and AFCI functions include... Figure 1 As shown. On the left are two PV modules, connected to the inverter's PV port via RSD.
[0004] Combining AFCI and RSD, two technologies designed to improve system safety, has created a new contradiction. The core issue is that the rapid disconnection during RSD's fast shutdown action can cause a sudden step-down in line current. AFCI's detection unit is highly susceptible to misinterpreting a normal protective action of RSD as a dangerous arc in the line, thus triggering an incorrect shutdown command.
[0005] This misjudgment not only causes unnecessary system shutdowns, affecting the continuous and stable power generation of photovoltaic power plants, but more seriously, it reduces the reliability of the protection system, making the credibility of AFCI action questionable when a real arc fault occurs. Summary of the Invention
[0006] This application provides a photovoltaic system safety protection method, system, electronic device, and readable storage medium to solve the technical problem in the current scheme combining AFCI and RSD, where the rapid disconnection of RSD at the moment of fast shutdown causes a sudden step decay of the line current, and the detection unit of AFCI is prone to misinterpreting the normal protective action of RSD as the generation of a dangerous arc in the line, thereby triggering an incorrect shutdown command.
[0007] Firstly, this application provides a photovoltaic system safety protection method applicable to photovoltaic system safety protection systems. The photovoltaic system safety protection system includes an RSD module and an AFCI module. The RSD module includes a fast shutdown device, and the AFCI module includes an arc fault circuit interrupter. A cooperative communication channel is established between the RSD module and the AFCI module. The method includes:
[0008] The RSD module monitors the shutdown trigger condition in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger condition of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel.
[0009] The AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal and enters a shielding window state for a predetermined duration. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by the electromagnetic interference.
[0010] In one example, under the masked window state, the AFCI module performs one or a combination of the following:
[0011] Method A: Suspend arc fault diagnosis;
[0012] Method B: Increase the threshold for arc detection so that the threshold is much greater than the electromagnetic interference generated by the shutdown of the RSD module;
[0013] Option C: Continue sampling and calculation, recording any fault signals generated during this period, but do not perform a tripping action.
[0014] In one example, the step of the AFCI module receiving the shielding enable signal and entering a shielding window state for a predetermined duration includes: after the AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal, the AFCI module starts a timer, the duration of which is the predetermined time.
[0015] The predetermined time is greater than the duration of all electromagnetic transient interferences generated by the shutdown action of the RSD module, and less than the shortest time during which the predicted real electric arc in the photovoltaic system will continue to exist and cause danger.
[0016] In one example, when the timer of the shielding window of the AFCI module expires, the AFCI module automatically exits the shielding window state and resumes the normal arc detection mode.
[0017] In one example, the method further includes: after a time T_delay1 elapsed following the sending of the shield enable signal, the RSD module issues a shutdown drive signal to perform its own shutdown action;
[0018] The time T_delay1 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the photovoltaic system's current.
[0019] In one example, the method further includes: after sending the shield enable signal, time T_delay1 elapses; after the RSD module sends the shutdown drive signal, time T_delay2 elapses; and then the shutdown action of the RSD module is executed.
[0020] The sum of the times T_delay1 and T_delay2 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the current of the photovoltaic system.
[0021] In one example, the cooperative communication channel is based on hardware direct connection, board-to-board communication bus, CAN bus, power line carrier, or wireless communication module.
[0022] In one example, the RSD module is located at the photovoltaic module port in the photovoltaic inverter system, and the AFCI module is located in the photovoltaic inverter.
[0023] The AFCI module is connected to a current sensor CT, which is used to detect the PV current signal and transmit the current signal to the AFCI module.
[0024] In one example, the shielding enable signal is a predefined level signal or data packet that can be recognized by the AFCI module.
[0025] In one example, the shutdown triggering conditions include: receiving a shutdown command from the emergency shutdown button or the inverter master controller, or the RSD module detecting its own fault.
[0026] Secondly, this application provides a photovoltaic system safety protection system, which includes an RSD module and an AFCI module. The RSD module includes a fast shutdown device, and the AFCI module includes an arc fault circuit breaker. A cooperative communication channel is established between the RSD module and the AFCI module.
[0027] The RSD module is used to monitor the shutdown trigger condition in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger condition of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel.
[0028] The AFCI module is used to enter a shielding window state for a predetermined duration upon receiving the shielding enable signal. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by the electromagnetic interference.
[0029] Thirdly, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor; the memory stores an application program, and the processor is used to run the application program in the memory to perform the photovoltaic system security protection method described in the first aspect.
[0030] Fourthly, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions adapted for loading by a processor to execute the photovoltaic system security protection method of the first aspect described above.
[0031] From the above, it can be concluded that this application has the following beneficial effects:
[0032] 1. This application proposes a concept for achieving system-level coordination through active state communication between RSD and AFCI. This transforms the traditional anti-interference method based on passive signal feature identification into active coordinated control based on communication timing, fundamentally solving the problem of electromagnetic interference from RSD shutdown affecting AFCI detection. The results are far superior to methods relying on complex algorithms for post-event signal identification.
[0033] 2. It can be implemented using a simple communication interface, without the need to add high sampling rate hardware or high-performance DSP processor, thus reducing system redundancy and cost.
[0034] 3. The shielding strategy is only effective within a specific short-term window. By combining it with auxiliary strategies that raise the alarm threshold, the system can shield interference while still retaining the ability to monitor high-energy real electric arcs that threaten safety, thus ensuring the integrity of the protection logic.
[0035] 4. This method is applicable regardless of whether the RSD is serial or component-level, or whether the AFCI is built-in or external, as long as communication can be established between the two. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical photovoltaic inverter system.
[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system security protection method provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic inverter system provided in one embodiment of this application.
[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system security protection method provided in another embodiment of this application.
[0040] Figure 5 This is a signal timing logic diagram of a photovoltaic system security protection method provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic system security protection system provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0044] Currently, there are two ways to shut down the RSD: active and passive. In the passive mode, when the inverter is turned off, the power supply to the RSD is cut off, and the RSD stops working. In the active mode, when a fault occurs or a person is electrocuted, the power supply to the RSD can be manually cut off, and the RSD stops working.
[0045] See Figure 3 The RSD module is installed at the photovoltaic module port in the photovoltaic inverter system, and the AFCI module is installed in the photovoltaic inverter. The input terminal of PV+ is equipped with a current sensor CT for detecting PV current. The current sensor CT is connected to the AFCI module and is used to transmit the detected current signal to the AFCI module.
[0046] Specifically, the input terminal of PV+ has a current sensor CT to detect the PV current and transmit the current signal to the AFCI circuit of the photovoltaic inverter. The AFCI circuit processes and judges the current signal, and sends a corresponding signal to the ARM of the photovoltaic inverter when an electric arc is detected. The ARM and DSP communicate with each other to control the DSP of the photovoltaic inverter to execute the corresponding shutdown command to ensure system safety.
[0047] Combining AFCI and RSD, two technologies designed to improve system safety, has created new contradictions. The core issue lies in the fact that the rapid disconnection during RSD's fast shutdown action triggers a sudden step-attenuation of the line current. This abnormal current waveform exhibits a high degree of similarity in both the time and frequency domains to the real arc characteristics trained and targeted by the AFCI algorithm. Therefore, the AFCI detection unit is highly prone to misinterpreting the normal protective action of RSD as a dangerous arc in the line, thus triggering erroneous shutdown commands. This misinterpretation not only leads to unnecessary system shutdowns, affecting the continuous and stable power generation of the photovoltaic power plant, but more seriously, it reduces the reliability of the protection system, casting doubt on the credibility of AFCI's actions in the event of a genuine arc fault.
[0048] Therefore, how to overcome the interference of RSD action on AFCI arc detection and achieve the coordinated work of the two in the system has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved, which also constitutes the starting point of the innovation of this application.
[0049] Current solutions mainly focus on improving the detection algorithm of AFCI itself to enhance its anti-interference capability. For example, high-frequency sampling, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to extract noise spectrum features, wavelet analysis, or machine learning algorithms are used to distinguish normal switching operations from real arcs.
[0050] However, these methods have inherent limitations. The algorithms require data within a certain time window for analysis and may not be able to respond instantaneously. The electromagnetic noise spectrum generated by RSD actions may highly overlap with that of the real electric arc, making it difficult to distinguish them 100% accurately from a signal analysis perspective alone, thus posing an inherent risk of misjudgment.
[0051] Another approach is to optimize the RSD itself, for example, by using solid-state switches such as MOSFETs / IGBTs to replace mechanical contactors to achieve arc-free breaking. However, this also has its problems. The cost of high-current, high-voltage solid-state switching devices is significantly higher than that of mechanical contactors. Even when using solid-state switches, their fast turn-off behavior can still induce spikes and oscillations in inductive circuits (such as long cables), and these transient overshoots can still cause the current signal to contain high-frequency components similar to electric arcs.
[0052] In summary, current optimizations are all performed independently from the perspective of a single device, either to make AFCI more accurate or RSD more reliable, without examining the inherent linkage between RSD and AFCI as two security modules from the perspective of system top-level design.
[0053] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a photovoltaic system security protection method, including a system, equipment, and a computer-readable storage medium. This application offers a low-cost, high-reliability, system-level solution that fundamentally avoids interference caused by RSD actions to AFCI. A detailed description follows.
[0054] The photovoltaic system security protection method in this application embodiment is implemented using a photovoltaic system security protection system, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 and Figure 6 The photovoltaic system safety protection system includes an RSD module and an AFCI module. The RSD module includes a fast shutdown device, and the AFCI module includes an arc fault circuit breaker. That is, the RSD module is a fast shutdown device module, and the AFCI module is an arc fault circuit breaker module. A cooperative communication channel is established between the RSD module and the AFCI module.
[0055] This application provides a photovoltaic system security protection method based on state-coordinated communication, the core idea of which is to transform "passive detection and identification" into "active coordinated avoidance". The system includes photovoltaic modules, RSD modules, AFCI modules, inverters, and a coordinated communication channel connecting the RSD modules and AFCI modules. The coordinated communication channel refers to the channel for communication between the RSD modules and AFCI modules for coordinated operation (e.g., the RSD module sending a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module and the AFCI module receiving the shielding enable signal and entering a shielding window state for a predetermined duration).
[0056] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic system security protection method provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic system security protection method in this application embodiment includes:
[0058] Step S110: The RSD module monitors the shutdown trigger conditions in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger conditions of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel.
[0059] Step S120: The AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal and enters a shielding window state for a predetermined duration. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by electromagnetic interference.
[0060] The shutdown trigger condition refers to the internal or external condition that causes the RSD module to trigger a shutdown action. Internal conditions refer to conditions within the RSD module, while external conditions refer to conditions outside the RSD module.
[0061] Examples of shutdown trigger conditions include: receiving a shutdown command from the emergency shutdown button or the inverter master controller, or detecting a fault in itself.
[0062] The main objective of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a system-level collaborative control scheme. By establishing an active communication mechanism between RSD and AFCI, before RSD takes action, AFCI is notified to enter a brief, controllable shielding period, thereby completely avoiding misjudgments without sacrificing system security.
[0063] In one example, step 120 above may also include a "two-way confirmation" mechanism, i.e., adding an AFCI feedback step. The added AFCI feedback step includes: RSD issuing a warning, AFCI replying "entering shielded state", and RSD then performing a fast shutdown action.
[0064] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating a more detailed photovoltaic system security protection method provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the photovoltaic system security protection method in this application embodiment includes:
[0066] Step 1: System initialization. The RSD module and AFCI module are powered on, the cooperative communication channel is established, the RSD module engages normally, and the AFCI module is in normal arc detection mode.
[0067] Step 2: The RSD module monitors the shutdown trigger conditions in real time. Trigger conditions include, but are not limited to: receiving a shutdown command from the emergency shutdown button or the inverter master controller, or detecting its own fault. In one example, Step 2 can also involve the RSD monitoring for extremely high-risk faults (such as overcurrent or explosion warnings). If the RSD detects an extremely high-risk fault, the system should skip the coordination logic (Steps 4 and 5) and directly execute the RSD shutdown.
[0068] Step 3: When the shutdown condition is met, the RSD module does not immediately send a shutdown signal, but first executes step 4.
[0069] Step 4: The RSD module sends a "mask enable" signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel. This signal is a predefined level signal or data packet that can be recognized by the AFCI module.
[0070] Step 5: After receiving the "mask enable" signal, the communication interface of the AFCI module immediately enters the "mask window" state.
[0071] In one example, under the masked window state, the AFCI module performs one or a combination of the following:
[0072] Method A: Suspend arc fault diagnosis;
[0073] Method B: Increase the threshold for arc detection so that the threshold is much greater than the electromagnetic interference generated by the shutdown of the RSD module;
[0074] Method C: Continue sampling and calculation, mark any fault signals generated during this period as suspicious and record them, but do not perform the tripping action. Analyze them uniformly after the shielding window ends.
[0075] Specifically, the execution unit of the AFCI module will adopt one or a combination of the following strategies:
[0076] Strategy A (Pause Judgment): Temporarily and completely suspend the arc fault judgment algorithm.
[0077] Strategy B (Raise the threshold): Significantly increase the threshold for arc detection (e.g., temporarily adjust the threshold to 2-5 times the normal value) so that only real arcs with extremely high energy can be triggered, while the interference generated by RSD is insufficient to reach this threshold.
[0078] Strategy C (Signal Marking): Continue sampling and calculation, mark any fault signals generated during this period as suspicious and record them, but do not perform tripping actions. Perform a unified retrospective analysis after the shielding window ends.
[0079] Strategy C also includes: information matching determination and continuous detection determination.
[0080] 1) Information matching determination:
[0081] a. Establish an RSD information database to pre-store the transient waveform characteristics (e.g., the slope of the current change (di / dt) and the power spectral density distribution characteristics of a specific frequency band (e.g., 10kHz-100kHz) generated by the turn-off action of the photovoltaic system under different operating conditions).
[0082] b. After the shielding window ends, compare the recorded waveform with the RSD information database. If the correlation exceeds the set threshold (e.g., 0.95), it indicates that the abnormal signal appearing in the shielding window is caused by the RSD action. Then delete the suspected signal and do not trigger AFCI protection.
[0083] c. If the correlation is lower than the set threshold, it is defined as a composite fault (i.e., a real arc fault occurs within the shielding window), triggering AFCI protection; the set threshold (e.g., 0.95) can be adaptively adjusted according to the string length of the photovoltaic system or the inverter power.
[0084] 2) Continuous detection and judgment: After the shielding window ends, check whether the disappearance time of the marker signal is synchronized with the completion time of the RSD action. If the RSD has been completed, but the current sensor still detects abnormal noise, it is judged as a real arc fault and the AFCI protection is triggered.
[0085] The above methods improve the reliability within the AFCI shielding window.
[0086] Among them, strategy A corresponds to method A, strategy B corresponds to method B, and strategy C corresponds to method C.
[0087] In another embodiment, the operation after AFCI masking is enabled:
[0088] Upon receiving the "mask enable" signal, the AFCI module's communication interface immediately enters the "mask window" state. In this state, the AFCI module's execution unit will employ one or a combination of the following strategies:
[0089] Strategy A (Pause Judgment): Temporarily and completely suspend the arc fault judgment algorithm.
[0090] Strategy B (Raise the threshold): Significantly increase the threshold for arc detection (e.g., temporarily adjust the threshold to 2-5 times the normal value) so that only real arcs with extremely high energy can be triggered, while the interference generated by RSD is insufficient to reach this threshold.
[0091] Strategy C (Signal Marking): Continue sampling and calculation, but mark any fault signals generated during this period as suspicious and temporarily suspend tripping actions until the shielding window ends, at which point they will be analyzed in a unified manner.
[0092] Step 6: In one example, the method further includes: after sending the shield enable signal and elapsed for time T_delay1, the RSD module issues a shutdown drive signal to perform its own shutdown action.
[0093] Specifically, T_delay1 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the photovoltaic system's current.
[0094] In one example, the method further includes: after sending the shield enable signal, a time T_delay1 elapses; after the RSD module sends the shutdown drive signal, a time T_delay2 elapses before the shutdown action of the RSD module is executed.
[0095] The sum of T_delay1 and T_delay2 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the photovoltaic system's current.
[0096] Specifically, after sending the "shield enable" signal, the RSD module delays for a period of time T_delay1, then sends a shutdown drive signal. After a short delay T_delay2 during the RSD action, the actual shutdown action is executed. The sum of T_delay1 and T_delay2 must ensure that the AFCI shielding state takes effect before the RSD shutdown action interferes with the current signal.
[0097] In one example, the AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal and enters a shielding window state for a predetermined duration, including: after receiving the shielding enable signal, the AFCI module starts a timer, the duration of which is the predetermined time, wherein the predetermined time is the shielding window width T_blank.
[0098] The predetermined time is greater than the duration of all electromagnetic transient interferences generated by the shutdown action of the RSD module, and less than the shortest time during which the predicted real electric arc in the photovoltaic system will continue to exist and cause danger.
[0099] Specifically, the AFCI module starts a timer whose duration is the width of the "shielding window," T_blank. The value of T_blank ranges from 50ms to 500ms, with a preferred value of 100ms to 200ms. This value needs to be designed reasonably based on the actual impact of the RSD turn-off action on the current signal. This time must be greater than the duration of all electromagnetic transient interference generated by the RSD action, but less than the shortest time that a real electric arc may persist and cause danger, thus avoiding misjudgment without compromising safety.
[0100] Step 7: The timer for the AFCI module's masking window times out.
[0101] Step 8: The AFCI module automatically exits the shielded window state and resumes normal arc detection mode.
[0102] In one example, the cooperative communication channel is based on hardware direct connection, board-to-board communication bus, CAN bus, power line carrier, or wireless communication module.
[0103] Specifically, the cooperative communication channel includes, but is not limited to, the following implementation methods:
[0104] Hardware direct connection signal: A dedicated GPIO line, electrically isolated by an optocoupler to prevent noise interference. It transmits high and low level signals, making it simple and reliable.
[0105] Inter-board communication bus: If RSD and AFCI are located on the same main control board or connected through an internal bus, data frames containing "mask enable" instructions can be transmitted using protocols such as SPI and I2C.
[0106] System-level communication: In a distributed system, signal transmission between RSD and AFCI can be achieved via CAN bus, PLC (power line carrier) or wireless communication module.
[0107] In another embodiment, the communication method between RSD and AFCI includes:
[0108] Hardware direct connection signal: A dedicated GPIO line, supplemented by an optocoupler isolator for electrical isolation to prevent ground noise interference. It transmits high and low level signals, making it simple and reliable.
[0109] Inter-board communication bus: If RSD and AFCI are located on the same main control board or connected through an internal bus, data frames containing "mask enable" instructions can be transmitted using protocols such as UART, SPI, and I2C.
[0110] System-level communication network: In a distributed system, commands can be transmitted via CAN bus, PLC (power line carrier) or wireless communication module.
[0111] Figure 5 This is a signal timing logic diagram of a photovoltaic system security protection method provided in an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 5 During system operation, the first signal to appear is the leftmost RSD shutdown trigger signal, corresponding to the shutdown trigger condition. When the shutdown trigger condition is met, the RSD module sends an AFCI shield enable signal to the AFCI module. After a time T_delay1, the RSD module sends an RSD shutdown signal. After sending the RSD shutdown signal, the RSD module does not immediately execute the shutdown action; instead, after a short delay T_delay2, the RSD module successfully executes the shutdown action. The gray area in the diagram corresponds to the shield window state sent to the AFCI module.
[0112] In one example, the values of T_delay1 and T_delay2 are not considered as restrictions. That is, the values of T_delay1 and T_delay2 are not considered as restrictions, as long as the sum of T_delay1 and T_delay2 can ensure that the AFCI module has entered the shielded window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the current of the photovoltaic system, or T_delay1 can ensure that the AFCI module has entered the shielded window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the current of the photovoltaic system.
[0113] Based on the above steps and timing control logic, the core technical key points of this solution are concentrated in three aspects: functional coordination, action timing, and state machine switching. These are also the core support for achieving system-level coordination between the RSD module and the AFCI module, as detailed below:
[0114] 1. Functional Synergy: This invention is not an isolated improvement of RSD or AFCI, but rather creates a functional synergy between the two, achieving system-level effects.
[0115] 2. Action timing: The method of this invention includes strict timing control, which is the key to ensuring the effectiveness of the solution.
[0116] 3. State machine switching: The AFCI module has two working states, "normal" and "masked", and the state switching is triggered by external events (RSD signal), which is a clear architectural innovation.
[0117] Technical effects of the technical solution in this application:
[0118] 1. Outstanding Creativity: This application breaks away from the traditional mindset of AFCI optimization and proposes for the first time the concept of achieving system-level collaboration through proactive state communication between RSD and AFCI. This is a completely new approach of "advance notification" rather than "post-event identification," fundamentally solving the problem.
[0119] 2. Extremely high reliability: This method directly avoids the occurrence of false judgments in AFCI arc detection from the source, and its effect is far superior to methods that rely on complex algorithms for post-event signal recognition.
[0120] Significant cost advantages: RSD does not require expensive MOSFETs / IGBTs, nor does it require a high-performance processor for AFCI. It can be implemented using a simple communication interface, making it highly cost-effective and conducive to large-scale deployment.
[0121] 3. Uncompromising safety: The shielding window is extremely short and pre-set. During this window, the probability of a real electric arc occurring in the system is extremely low. Even if it does occur, if strategy B, which "increases the threshold," is adopted, a real electric arc with sufficient energy will still be detected, and the system's safety baseline will not be breached.
[0122] 4. Wide applicability: This method is applicable regardless of whether the RSD is serial or component-level, or whether the AFCI is built-in or external, as long as communication can be established between the two.
[0123] See Figure 6 This application also provides a photovoltaic system safety protection system, which includes an RSD module and an AFCI module. The RSD module includes a fast shutdown device, and the AFCI module includes an arc fault circuit breaker. A cooperative communication channel is established between the RSD module and the AFCI module.
[0124] The RSD module is used to monitor the shutdown trigger conditions in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger conditions of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel.
[0125] The AFCI module is used to enter a shielding window state for a predetermined duration upon receiving the shielding enable signal. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by the electromagnetic interference.
[0126] also, Figure 6 The embodiments shown are only one example of a photovoltaic system safety protection system, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the photovoltaic system safety protection system embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0127] like Figure 7 As shown in the illustration, this application also provides an electronic device. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0128] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device integrates any of the photovoltaic system security protection systems provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0129] See Figure 7The electronic device provided in this application includes: one or more processors 701; a memory 702; and one or more application programs, wherein the one or more application programs are stored in the memory 702 and configured to be executed by the processor 701 in the steps of the photovoltaic system security protection method in any of the above embodiments.
[0130] Electronic devices may include components such as processors 701 with one or more processing cores, memories 702 with one or more computer-readable storage media, power supplies 703, and input units 704. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 7 The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.
[0131] The processor 701 is the control center of the electronic device. It connects various parts of the electronic device via various interfaces and lines. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 702, and by calling data stored in the memory 702, it performs various functions and data processing of the electronic device, thereby providing overall monitoring of the electronic device. Optionally, the processor 701 may include one or more processing cores; preferably, the processor 701 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor mainly handles the operating system, user interface, and applications, while the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 701.
[0132] The memory 702 can be used to store software programs and modules. The processor 701 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and modules stored in the memory 702. The memory 702 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system or application programs required for at least one function (such as sound playback function, image playback function, etc.); the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device. In addition, the memory 702 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device. Accordingly, the memory 702 may also include a memory controller to provide the processor 701 with access to the memory 702.
[0133] The electronic device also includes a power supply 703 that supplies power to the various components. Preferably, the power management system is an independent component located between the power supply and the processor. The power supply 703 can be logically connected to the processor 701 through the power management system A, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system A. The power supply 703 may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging systems, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, or power status indicators, etc.
[0134] The electronic device may also include an input unit 704, which can be used to receive input digital or character information and generate keyboard, mouse, joystick, optical or trackball signal inputs related to user settings and function control.
[0135] Although not shown, the electronic device may also include a display unit, etc., which will not be described in detail here. In an exemplary embodiment, the processor 701 in the electronic device loads the executable files corresponding to the processes of one or more application programs into the memory 702 according to the following instructions, and the processor 701 runs the application programs stored in the memory 702, thereby realizing the photovoltaic system security protection method of any of the above embodiments.
[0136] also, Figure 7 The embodiments shown are only one example of the electronic device, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the electronic device embodiments in this application without any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0137] This application also provides an electronic device, including one that is compatible with... Figure 7 The electronic device shown is a similar component used to implement the aforementioned photovoltaic system safety protection method.
[0138] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments can be performed by instructions, or by instructions controlling related hardware. These instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium and loaded and executed by a processor.
[0139] Therefore, such as Figure 8As shown, this application embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium 800, which may include: read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk, etc. The computer-readable storage medium 800 stores a computer program 810, which is loaded by a processor to execute the steps in any of the photovoltaic system security protection methods provided in this application embodiment.
[0140] also, Figure 8 The embodiments shown are only one example of a computer-readable storage medium, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the computer-readable storage medium embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0141] The photovoltaic system security protection method in this application embodiment is applied to a photovoltaic system security protection system. The photovoltaic system security protection system is set in an electronic device. The electronic device is equipped with one or more processors, a memory, and one or more application programs. The one or more application programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the photovoltaic system security protection method. The electronic device can be a terminal, such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer. The electronic device can also be a server or a service cluster composed of multiple servers.
[0142] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the detailed descriptions of other embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.
[0143] In practice, each of the above units or structures can be implemented as an independent entity or can be arbitrarily combined to be implemented as the same or several entities. For the specific implementation of each of the above units or structures, please refer to the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
[0144] For details on the implementation of each of the above operations, please refer to the previous examples, which will not be repeated here.
[0145] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the photovoltaic system security protection method, system, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic system safety protection method, applicable to a photovoltaic system safety protection system, the photovoltaic system safety protection system comprising an RSD module and an AFCI module, the RSD module comprising a rapid shutdown device, the AFCI module comprising an arc fault circuit interrupter, and a cooperative communication channel being established between the RSD module and the AFCI module, characterized in that, The method includes: The RSD module monitors the shutdown trigger condition in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger condition of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel. The AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal and enters a shielding window state for a predetermined duration. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by the electromagnetic interference.
2. The photovoltaic system security protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the masked window state, the AFCI module performs one or a combination of the following: Method A: Suspend arc fault diagnosis; Method B: Increase the threshold for arc detection so that the threshold is greater than the electromagnetic interference generated by the shutdown of the RSD module; Option C: Continue sampling and calculation, recording any fault signals generated during this period, but do not perform a tripping action.
3. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of the AFCI module receiving the shielding enable signal and entering a shielding window state for a predetermined duration includes: after the AFCI module receives the shielding enable signal, the AFCI module starts a timer, the duration of which is the predetermined time. The predetermined time is greater than the duration of all electromagnetic transient interferences generated by the shutdown action of the RSD module, and less than the shortest time during which the predicted real electric arc in the photovoltaic system will continue to exist and cause danger.
4. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the timer of the shielding window of the AFCI module expires, the AFCI module automatically exits the shielding window state and resumes the normal arc detection mode.
5. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: after sending the shielding enable signal, and after a time T_delay1, the RSD module sends a shutdown drive signal to perform its own shutdown action; The time T_delay1 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the photovoltaic system's current.
6. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: after sending the shielding enable signal, time T_delay1 elapses; after the RSD module sends the shutdown drive signal, time T_delay2 elapses; the shutdown action of the RSD module is then executed. The sum of the times T_delay1 and T_delay2 ensures that the AFCI module enters the shielding window state before the RSD module's shutdown action interferes with the current of the photovoltaic system.
7. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collaborative communication channel is based on hardware direct connection, board-to-board communication bus, CAN bus, power line carrier, or wireless communication module.
8. The photovoltaic system safety protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RSD module is installed at the photovoltaic module port in the photovoltaic inverter system, and the AFCI module is installed in the photovoltaic inverter. The AFCI module is connected to a current sensor CT, which is used to detect the PV current signal and transmit the current signal to the AFCI module.
9. The photovoltaic system security protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shielding enable signal is a predefined level signal or data packet that can be recognized by the AFCI module.
10. The photovoltaic system security protection method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The shutdown trigger conditions include: receiving a shutdown command from the emergency shutdown button or the inverter main controller, or the RSD module detecting its own fault.
11. A photovoltaic system safety protection system, characterized in that, The photovoltaic system safety protection system includes an RSD module and an AFCI module. The RSD module includes a fast shutdown device, and the AFCI module includes an arc fault circuit breaker. A cooperative communication channel is established between the RSD module and the AFCI module. The RSD module is used to monitor the shutdown trigger condition in real time. When the state of the photovoltaic system meets the shutdown trigger condition of the RSD module, the RSD module sends a shielding enable signal to the AFCI module through the cooperative communication channel. The AFCI module is used to enter a shielding window state for a predetermined duration upon receiving the shielding enable signal. In the shielding window state, the AFCI module shields against electromagnetic interference caused by the shutdown of the RSD module and is unaffected by the electromagnetic interference.
12. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor; the memory stores an application program, and the processor is used to run the application program within the memory to perform the photovoltaic system security protection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.
13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions adapted for loading by a processor to perform the photovoltaic system security protection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.