A large torque stepping motor with smooth operation

Abstract

The application relates to the motor technical field, in particular to a large-torque stepping motor with stable operation, which comprises a front end cover, a rear end cover, a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, further comprises a partition plate, a through hole is formed in the partition plate, a gear set is rotatably installed on one side of the partition plate, an oil box is fixedly installed on the partition plate, and an oil outlet is arranged on one side of the oil box close to the gear set; two meshing and connected pumping gears are rotatably installed in the oil box, a transmission gear is coaxially installed on one of the pumping gears, a notched gear is rotatably installed on the partition plate, and the notched gear and the gear set are connected through belt transmission, the gear set is arranged to improve the output torque, the efficient motor meets the requirements of energy efficiency and dynamic performance, when the gear set operates, the periodic driving transmission gear drives the pumping gear to form a gear pump effect, the lubricating oil is pressed out from the oil box, the gear meshing surface and the bearing are lubricated, the operation lubrication is realized, and the maintenance frequency is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor technology, specifically to a high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation. Background Technology

[0002] Stepper motors, as actuators that directly convert electrical pulse signals into angular or linear displacement, are widely used in CNC machine tools, 3D printing, robots, automation equipment, medical instruments, and other fields requiring precise positioning and controllable motion. Traditional stepper motors have significant advantages in terms of simple control and low cost, but in practical applications, they still have problems such as low output torque, easy jitter at low speeds, high vibration and noise, and obvious torque pulsation, making it difficult to meet the comprehensive performance requirements of high-end applications for "high torque, high stability, and low noise".

[0003] To increase output torque, existing technologies often employ external gearboxes, such as planetary gearboxes or worm gear mechanisms, to amplify torque. However, these solutions suffer from problems such as bulky structures, low integration, and the need for additional lubrication and maintenance. Furthermore, external reduction devices can easily introduce transmission backlash and vibration, which can negatively impact overall operational stability. In addition, while some integrated gear stepper motors incorporate the reduction mechanism, they generally lack effective automatic lubrication systems. After long-term operation, gears and bearings are prone to wear due to insufficient lubrication, leading to increased noise, reduced lifespan, and difficulty in fully realizing the performance advantages of high-efficiency motors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation includes a front cover, a rear cover, a rotor assembly, and a stator assembly. It also includes a partition plate disposed between the front cover and the rotor assembly. The partition plate has a through hole adapted to the rotor assembly. A gear set is rotatably mounted on the partition plate on one side of the through hole. An oil box is fixedly mounted on the partition plate, and an oil outlet is provided on the side of the oil box near the gear set. Two meshing pumping gears are rotatably mounted inside the oil box. One of the pumping gears has a transmission gear coaxially mounted on it. A notched gear is rotatably mounted on the partition plate. The notched gear is connected to the gear set via a belt drive, and the notched gear meshes with the transmission gear.

[0006] Preferably, the gear ratio of the gear set is 1:10.

[0007] Preferably, the partition plate has a flow guide groove inside, a hollow rod is fixedly installed on the partition plate, the gear set is rotatably installed on the hollow rod, an oil hole communicating with the interior is opened on the outer edge of the hollow rod, and the oil outlet is connected to the flow guide groove.

[0008] Preferably, the oil box includes a first box and a second box, and an oil supply pipe is connected between the first box and the second box. An oil level alarm is installed on the oil supply pipe.

[0009] Preferably, a sealed bearing is installed inside the through hole.

[0010] Preferably, the front cover has an observation window and a dust cover, and symmetrically arranged positioning rods are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the front cover. The end of the positioning rod near the second box has an inclined surface.

[0011] Preferably, the rotor assembly includes a rotating shaft, rotor laminations, and magnets. The rotor laminations are sleeved on the rotating shaft and are arranged in two sets with opposite magnetic poles. The magnets are located between the two sets of rotor laminations.

[0012] Preferably, the stator assembly includes a frame and stator laminations, the frame is wound with enameled wire, and a connecting wire is provided on the side of the frame near the rear end cover and leads out to the rear end cover; wherein, the tooth ratio of the stator laminations to the rotor laminations is 24:25.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By setting up a gear set, on the one hand, the rotor power is transmitted to the 1:10 gear set through the shaft, the output speed is reduced to one-tenth, and the output torque is increased by nine to ten times, which meets the requirements of heavy-load low-speed applications. On the other hand, when the gear set is running, it drives the notched gear to rotate and periodically drives the transmission gear to drive the pumping gear to form a gear pump effect, which pushes the lubricating oil out of the oil box and lubricates the gear meshing surface and bearings through the oil outlet, realizing lubrication during operation and reducing the maintenance frequency.

[0014] 2. By setting the tooth ratio of stator laminations to rotor laminations to 24:25, the magnetic reluctance variation period is long and the cogging torque is small. Combined with the design of large pole misalignment of 0.9 degrees and 1.8 degrees, the magnetic pull of each phase is smoothly transitioned, and the torque pulsation is significantly reduced. This makes the air gap magnetic flux distribution more continuous, reduces the torque pulsation amplitude, and improves the stability of motor operation. In addition, the multi-pole design makes the number of small teeth distributed on each large pole more uniform, making the magnetic flux density of small teeth and large poles uniform. At the same time, it avoids magnetic saturation in the yoke, reduces hysteresis loss, improves efficiency, reduces temperature rise, and makes operation smoother. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the corresponding structure of the rotor laminations and stator laminations of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gear set structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partition structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first box body of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of the A-structure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front cover structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a design drawing of the stator and rotor laminations for the present invention; Figure 10 This is a design drawing of the rotor laminations for the present invention.

[0016] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Front cover; 101. Observation window; 102. Dust cover; 2. Rear end cover; 3. Rotor assembly; 301. Shaft; 302. Rotor laminations; 303. Magnet; 4. Stator assembly; 401. Frame; 402. Stator laminations; 403. Enamelled wire; 404. Connecting wire; 5. Partition plate; 501. Through hole; 502. Flow guide channel; 6. Gear set; 7. Oil box; 701. Oil outlet; 702. First box body; 703. Second box body; 704. Oil supply pipe; 705. Oil level alarm; 8. Pumping gear; 9. Transmission gear; 10. Notched gear; 11. Positioning rod; 12. Sealed bearing; 13. Hollow rod; 1301. Oil hole. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] This invention provides a technical solution: such as Figures 1-10The illustrated high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation includes a front cover 1, a rear cover 2, a rotor assembly 3, and a stator assembly 4. The front cover 1 and rear cover 2 are made of high-strength die-cast aluminum alloy and are internally fitted with high-precision deep groove ball bearings to support the rotor assembly 3, ensuring smooth rotation, low friction, and long service life. Specifically, the rotor assembly 3 includes a shaft 301, rotor laminations 302, and magnets 303. The rotor laminations 302 are made of multiple high-permeability cold-rolled silicon steel sheets stacked together and mounted on the shaft 301 in two sets with opposite magnetic poles. Each set of rotor laminations 302 has one hundred small teeth evenly distributed on its outer circumference, with an angle of 3.6 degrees between the teeth. The magnets 303 are located between the two sets of rotor laminations 302, forming a dual-segment multi-pole permanent magnet rotor structure, enhancing the magnetic coupling force with the stator and increasing the output torque. One end of the shaft 301 passes through the bearing in the rear cover 2, and the other end is used to connect to the load, with a toothed groove on the load-bearing end. The stator assembly 4 includes a frame 401 and stator laminations 402. The stator laminations 402 are made of stacked silicon steel sheets and have sixteen large poles evenly distributed along the circumference. Each large pole has six small teeth, totaling ninety-six small teeth, which are used to increase the effective magnetic force application points and make the torque greater. A gap is left between adjacent large poles, and the distance between adjacent large poles is 0.9 degrees. Enamelled wire 403 is wound on the frame 401 to form a multi-phase concentrated winding, which constitutes an electromagnetic excitation source. A connecting wire 404 is provided on the side of the frame 401 near the rear end cover 2 and leads out of the rear end cover 2 for easy connection with the driver. Further, the tooth ratio of the stator laminations 402 to the rotor laminations 302 is 24:25. In this embodiment, one hundred small teeth are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the rotor laminations 302, and sixteen large poles are coaxially arranged on the outside of the one hundred small teeth. Figure 3 and Figures 9-10The uppermost large pole is the first, and the corresponding lower large poles correspond one-to-one with the small teeth on the rotor lamination 302. The remaining large poles are then arranged in a clockwise order, with the angles between each large pole and the small teeth on the rotor lamination 302 differing by 0.9 degrees and 1.8 degrees respectively. This ensures a continuous and smooth change in air gap magnetic flux, further improving operational stability and dynamic response performance. The large poles are energized sequentially, and the rotor lamination 302 rotates 0.9 degrees to align with the large pole teeth. This results in a more continuous distribution of air gap magnetic flux and smoother motor operation. To increase the torque and stability of the rotor assembly 3, a partition 5 is included between the front cover 1 and the rotor assembly 3. The partition 5 has a through hole 501 adapted to the rotor assembly 3. A gear set 6 is rotatably mounted on the partition 5 on one side of the through hole 501. The gear set 6 interacts with the rotor... The gear 301 is connected by a toothed meshing connection. In particular, the gear ratio of the gear set 6 is 1:10, that is, the input speed is reduced to one-tenth of the output speed, and the output torque is amplified nine to ten times. An oil box 7 is fixedly installed on the partition plate 5. The oil box 7 stores low-volatility lubricating oil. An oil outlet 701 is provided on the side of the oil box 7 near the gear set 6. Furthermore, two meshing pumping gears 8 are rotatably installed in the oil box 7 to form an external meshing gear pump structure. A transmission gear 9 is coaxially installed on one of the pumping gears 8. A notched gear 10 is rotatably installed on the partition plate 5. The notched gear 10 is connected to the gear set 6 by belt drive to achieve synchronous rotation. The notched gear 10 meshes with the transmission gear 9 and can periodically mesh with the transmission gear 9 to drive the pumping gear 8 to operate intermittently and achieve oil supply on demand.

[0019] The present invention provides a high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation. During operation, the driver applies a pulsed current to the stator windings, generating a rotating magnetic field that drives the rotor to rotate. Due to the stator having 16 poles and 96 teeth, and the rotor having 100 teeth (a tooth ratio of 24:25), the magnetic reluctance variation period is long, and the cogging torque is small. Combined with the design of a 0.9-degree and 1.8-degree large pole misalignment, the magnetic pull of each phase transitions smoothly, significantly reducing torque pulsation and making the air gap magnetic flux distribution more continuous. This further reduces the torque pulsation amplitude and improves the motor's operational stability. The multi-pole design makes the number of small teeth distributed on each large pole more uniform, resulting in uniform magnetic flux density between the small teeth and the large poles. Simultaneously, it avoids magnetic saturation in the yoke, reducing hysteresis losses and improving... The increased efficiency and reduced temperature rise fully demonstrate the advantages of high-efficiency motors in energy efficiency optimization and thermal management. The rotor power is transmitted to the 1:10 gear set 6 through the shaft 301, reducing the output speed to one-tenth and increasing the output torque by nine to ten times, meeting the requirements of heavy-load low-speed applications. When the shaft 301 of the rotor assembly 3 drives the gear set 6, the gear set 6 drives the notched gear 10 to rotate through the belt. The notched gear 10 periodically drives the transmission gear 9 to drive the pumping gear 8 to form a gear pump effect, which pushes the lubricating oil out of the oil box 7 and lubricates the gear meshing surface and bearings through the oil outlet 701, realizing lubrication during operation, reducing the maintenance frequency, and further ensuring the long-term stable operation of the high-efficiency motor.

[0020] To increase output torque and achieve deceleration and torque increase, a guide groove 502 is further provided inside the partition 5. A hollow rod 13 is fixedly installed on the partition 5. The gear set 6 is rotatably installed on the hollow rod 13. An oil hole 1301 that communicates with the interior is provided on the outer edge of the hollow rod 13. The oil outlet 701 is connected to the guide groove 502.

[0021] When the motor is running, the notched gear 10 drives the gear set 6 to rotate via the belt. At the same time, the gear set 6 drives the notched gear 10 to periodically mesh with the transmission gear 9, which drives the pumping gear 8 to work, pressurizing and pushing the lubricating oil out of the oil box 7. The lubricating oil flows into the guide groove 502 through the oil outlet 701 and is transported to the inner cavity inlet of the hollow rod 13 along the flow channel. Under pressure, the lubricating oil flows along the inner cavity of the hollow rod 13 and is sprayed or seeped out from the oil hole 1301, directly lubricating the bearings and the meshing area of ​​adjacent gears installed on the hollow rod 13. The hollow rod 13 has the dual functions of mechanical support and lubrication channel, reducing additional pipelines and improving the overall compactness.

[0022] The oil box 7 comprises a first box 702 and a second box 703 with a split design. The first box 702 is the main oil storage chamber, which contains lubricating oil and is equipped with a pumping gear 8, forming the power output unit of the lubrication system. It is bolted to the partition 5. The second box 703 is located above the first box 702 and is used to expand the oil storage capacity. An oil supply pipe 704 connects the first box 702 and the second box 703 to realize the flow of oil between the two chambers. Furthermore, an oil level alarm is installed on the oil supply pipe 704. The oil alarm 705 is a capacitive type, used to monitor the flow status of oil in the oil supply pipe 704 in real time to prevent the pump gear 8 from running dry. In order to prevent lubricating oil from seeping from the gear side along the shaft 301 into the motor electromagnetic cavity, a sealed bearing 12 is installed in the through hole 501. Furthermore, the lubrication passage of the guide groove 502 extends to the installation area of ​​the sealed bearing 12 and enters the outer raceway gap of the sealed bearing 12. Under the action of bearing rotation, the lubricating oil gradually seeps into the contact surface between the internal balls and the raceway to achieve effective lubrication.

[0023] The front cover 1 has an observation window 101 and a dust cover 102. The observation window 101 is rectangular and extends through the wall thickness of the front cover 1. Its inner side corresponds to the area of ​​the second box 703 of the oil box 7, which allows the user to directly observe the oil level, flow status and lubrication system operation. The dust cover 102 is closed during normal operation to prevent dust, oil or moisture from entering the motor through the observation window 101 and affecting the observation effect. It can be opened manually during maintenance or inspection to facilitate real-time monitoring of the oil status. Symmetrically arranged positioning rods 11 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the front cover 1. The end of the positioning rod 11 near the second box 703 has a bevel, which is used to quickly position and guide the second box 703 during assembly to prevent misalignment.

[0024] Working principle: The driver power supply generates a rotating magnetic field in the stator windings, driving the 100-tooth rotor to rotate. The torque is transmitted through the shaft 301 to the 1:10 gear set 6, amplifying the output torque by nine to ten times. The gear set 6 drives the belt to drive the notched gear to rotate. The notched gear periodically meshes with the gear 9, driving the pumping gear 8 to work. Lubricating oil is pumped out from the first housing 702, enters the guide groove 502 through the oil outlet 701, and then sprays out from the oil hole 1301 through the inner cavity of the hollow rod 13, lubricating the gear bearings and meshing surfaces. If there is no oil, it flows to the first housing 702 through the oil pipe 704, and the oil alarm 705 sounds an alarm in real time. The user can check the oil level through the observation window 101. The dust cover 102 ensures cleanliness and visibility. The sealed bearing 12 isolates the oil chamber from the motor chamber, ensuring electromagnetic safety, fully demonstrating the technological advancement and engineering practicality of the high-efficiency motor.

[0025] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation, comprising a front cover (1), a rear cover (2), a rotor assembly (3), and a stator assembly (4), characterized in that, It also includes a partition (5) disposed between the front end cover (1) and the rotor assembly (3), the partition (5) having a through hole (501) adapted to the rotor assembly (3), a gear set (6) being rotatably mounted on the partition (5) on one side of the through hole (501), an oil box (7) being fixedly mounted on the partition (5), and an oil outlet (701) being provided on the side of the oil box (7) near the gear set (6); The partition (5) has a flow guide groove (502) inside. A hollow rod (13) is fixedly installed on the partition (5). The gear set (6) is rotatably installed on the hollow rod (13). An oil hole (1301) communicating with the interior is opened on the outer edge of the hollow rod (13). The oil outlet (701) is connected to the flow guide groove (502). The oil box (7) contains two meshing pumping gears (8), one of which is coaxially mounted with a transmission gear (9). A notched gear (10) is rotatably mounted on the partition plate (5). The notched gear (10) is connected to the gear set (6) via a belt drive. The notched gear (10) is meshed with the transmission gear (9).

2. The high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear ratio of the gear set (6) is 1:

10.

3. The high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oil box (7) includes a first box body (702) and a second box body (703), and an oil supply pipe (704) is connected between the first box body (702) and the second box body (703). An oil alarm (705) is installed on the oil supply pipe (704).

4. A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealed bearing (12) is installed inside the through hole (501).

5. A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The front cover (1) is provided with an observation window (101) and a dust cover (102). A symmetrically arranged positioning rod (11) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the front cover (1). The end of the positioning rod (11) near the second box (703) has a slope.

6. A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor assembly (3) includes a rotating shaft (301), rotor laminations (302) and a magnet (303). The rotor laminations (302) are sleeved on the rotating shaft (301) and there are two sets with opposite magnetic poles. The magnet (303) is located between the two sets of rotor laminations (302).

7. A high-torque stepper motor with smooth operation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The stator assembly (4) includes a frame (401) and stator laminations (402). Enamelled wire (403) is wound on the frame (401). A connecting wire (404) is provided on the side of the frame (401) near the rear end cover (2) and leads out of the rear end cover (2). The ratio of the number of teeth of the stator lamination (402) to the number of teeth of the rotor lamination (302) is 24:25.

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