Low earth constellation on-board routing convergence and reconfiguration apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of low-orbit constellation on-board routing fast convergence and reconfiguration device, belong to low-orbit satellite communication technical field.The routing fast convergence and reconfiguration device is deployed in low-orbit constellation satellite platform, for with on-board routing module, inter-satellite laser link module Collaborative work, and with ground gateway station through satellite-ground link two-way communication, by adopting block upgrade and breakpoint resume technology, with upgrade breakpoint backup, state monitoring and rollback mechanism, to pass through block upgrade and press module function split upgrade package, reduce satellite-ground link transmission pressure, then through breakpoint resume can retain upgrade progress when link interruption or device anomaly, continue upgrading from breakpoint after recovery, avoid repeated transmission, then dual-module redundancy strategy is used when core module upgrades, maintain routing convergence and abnormal monitoring core function normal operation, Ensure that on-board routing transmission is not interrupted during upgrade process, realize the reliable iterative optimization of device, prolong the on-orbit service life of device, reduce operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-Earth orbit satellite communication technology, and more specifically, to a low-Earth orbit constellation onboard routing convergence and reconstruction device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication technology, LEO constellations, with their advantages of wide coverage, low transmission latency, and high communication bandwidth, have become the core support carriers for global communication, navigation, and remote sensing. LEO constellations consist of a large number of satellites in orbit, which orbit the Earth at high speeds, leading to frequent changes in inter-satellite link connectivity. This results in a highly dynamic constellation topology. Furthermore, the complex space environment makes them susceptible to orbital perturbations, electromagnetic interference, and other factors, leading to frequent anomalies such as inter-satellite laser link interruptions and satellite node failures. This places extremely high demands on the stability and rapid response capabilities of onboard routing.

[0003] Currently, most existing devices do not support on-orbit upgrades, or the upgrade process adopts a whole-system upgrade approach, which can easily lead to the interruption of the core functions of the on-board routing, affecting the normal transmission of services. At the same time, the on-board computing power and bandwidth resources are not rationally scheduled, and a heterogeneous architecture collaborative design is not adopted, making it difficult to balance on-board power consumption and transmission performance, which can easily lead to resource overload or waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-Earth orbit constellation-borne routing convergence and reconstruction device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] A low-Earth orbit constellation onboard routing convergence and reconstruction device is deployed on a low-Earth orbit constellation satellite platform. It is used to work in conjunction with the onboard routing module and the inter-satellite laser link module, and to communicate bidirectionally with the ground gateway station via a satellite-to-ground link. The rapid route convergence and reconstruction device includes a topology sensing and prediction module, a route convergence and reconstruction module, a component collaborative control module, an anomaly monitoring and handling module, and a resource optimization and scheduling module. These modules are electrically connected to each other and work together to achieve rapid convergence of onboard routes, path reconstruction, and collaborative control of onboard components. The rapid route convergence and reconstruction device supports on-orbit upgrades and patch updates, adopts block upgrade and breakpoint resume technology, and is equipped with upgrade breakpoint backup function, upgrade status monitoring unit, and upgrade rollback mechanism. During the upgrade process, the core functions of route convergence and anomaly monitoring are maintained to ensure that onboard route transmission is uninterrupted. The topology sensing and prediction module is used to receive ephemeris data sent by the ground gateway station and link operation parameters reported by the inter-satellite laser link module, update the low-Earth orbit constellation topology in real time, predict topology change trends, and provide decision support for route convergence and reconstruction. The route convergence and reconstruction module is used to monitor the inter-satellite laser link and satellite node operation status. When the inter-satellite laser link is interrupted or the satellite node fails, the local rerouting mechanism is triggered, the pre-calculated backup route path is called, the route convergence and path reconstruction are realized quickly, and the route switching command is sent to the on-board route. The component coordination control module is used to coordinate the forwarding strategy of the onboard route, the connection status of the inter-satellite laser link module, and synchronously interact with the ground gateway station to ensure the coordination consistency between the device, onboard components, and ground system. The anomaly monitoring and handling module is used to monitor the operating status of the onboard routing and inter-satellite laser link modules in real time, trigger redundancy switching and local alarms when a fault is detected, and report the anomaly information to the ground gateway station. The resource optimization and scheduling module is used to dynamically optimize the allocation of onboard routing and forwarding resources and inter-satellite laser link bandwidth based on the real-time occupancy of onboard computing power and bandwidth resources and service priorities, thereby balancing onboard power consumption and transmission performance.

[0006] Preferably, the route convergence and reconstruction module pre-stores multiple sets of backup route paths, which are updated in real time according to the topology prediction results. In case of failure, the optimal path can be quickly called. The route convergence and reconstruction module adopts a dual triggering logic of real-time monitoring and prediction triggering, and adopts a dual-channel instruction issuance design with an instruction feedback mechanism to ensure reliable issuance of route switching instructions. The route convergence latency implemented by the route convergence and reconstruction module is ≤500ms, and the path reconstruction latency is ≤1ms.

[0007] Preferably, the real-time monitoring module receives real-time topology information and inter-satellite laser link operating parameters from the topology sensing and prediction module, and simultaneously monitors the connectivity status of the inter-satellite laser link and the operating status of satellite nodes. Simultaneously, a preset fault determination threshold is used to verify the real-time collected status data and determine whether a fault has occurred. If a fault is detected, a local rerouting mechanism is immediately triggered, calling the pre-stored optimal backup route path and simultaneously issuing a route switching command to the onboard route, completing route convergence and path reconstruction. The inter-satellite laser link operating parameters include signal strength, bit error rate, and transmission delay, with a preset fault determination threshold; faults include exceeding the link bit error rate, link interruption, and no response from satellite nodes. The prediction trigger is used by the route convergence and reconstruction module to receive the topology change prediction results output by the topology perception and prediction module in real time, including inter-satellite link connectivity prediction, constellation topology change trend, and potential fault risks. Then, the received prediction data is analyzed to determine whether there are potential risks of link interruption or satellite node failure. When a potential fault risk is determined, local rerouting preparation work is triggered in advance, including preloading the backup route path for the corresponding scenario, activating the route switching command issuance channel, and synchronously informing the component collaborative control module to prepare for link switching. At the same time, when the predicted potential fault actually occurs, there is no need to wait for the real-time monitoring fault determination; the route switching process is directly initiated to quickly complete route convergence and path reconstruction, further shortening the response latency and ensuring uninterrupted service.

[0008] Preferably, the topology sensing and prediction module adopts a routing domain partitioning design, dividing the low-Earth orbit constellation into non-overlapping cluster routing domains, and decomposing global routing into intra-domain local routing calculations and cross-domain routing interactions, reducing on-board computing power consumption, lowering overall network signaling overhead, and adapting to large-scale low-Earth orbit satellite networks; at the same time, relying on the inter-satellite link availability prediction algorithm, it achieves local response when links are congested, and the on-board routing adopts a dual-backup redundancy design, supporting rapid switching in case of failure and ensuring uninterrupted data forwarding.

[0009] Preferably, the inter-satellite laser link operating parameters received by the topology sensing and prediction module include link signal strength, bit error rate, and transmission delay. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts multi-algorithm fusion prediction technology, combining ephemeris data and link operating parameters to predict the connectivity of inter-satellite links and the trend of constellation topology changes. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts a dual-mode redundancy design for satellite-to-ground links, and is equipped with an ephemeris data verification mechanism and parsing algorithm optimization strategy to ensure stable and timely reception of ephemeris data.

[0010] Preferably, the fault types monitored by the anomaly monitoring and handling module include inter-satellite laser link interruption, link bit error rate exceeding the standard, onboard routing forwarding anomaly, and onboard routing hardware failure; the redundancy switching includes onboard routing dual backup switching and inter-satellite laser link primary / backup switching; the monitoring frequency of the anomaly monitoring and handling module is increased to 120Hz, multi-level fault thresholds are set, and a redundancy switching self-checking mechanism, anomaly information reporting templates, and segmented reporting mechanism are provided to ensure timely detection, handling, and reporting of anomalies.

[0011] Preferably, the resource optimization and scheduling module adopts a heterogeneous architecture of FPGA and CPU. The FPGA is used to realize the real-time requirements of high-speed routing calculation and link status acquisition, while the CPU is used to realize complex logic processing of resource scheduling and data interaction, balancing the power consumption and computing power requirements of the satellite. The resource optimization and scheduling module is equipped with an architecture coordination control unit, a resource overload early warning mechanism and a power consumption monitoring unit, which can dynamically allocate computing power, optimize resource allocation and adjust power consumption according to the device's operating status.

[0012] Preferably, the onboard routing and forwarding strategy coordinated by the component coordination control module includes three modes: transparent forwarding, subband forwarding, and regeneration processing, and the forwarding mode is dynamically adjusted according to service priority; the data interaction between the component coordination control module and the ground gateway station includes receiving configuration instructions and routing strategies issued by the ground gateway station, and reporting the operating status and abnormal information of the device and onboard components; the component coordination control module is equipped with a forwarding mode adaptation unit and a link status synchronization mechanism to optimize the communication protocol with the inter-satellite laser link module and improve coordination efficiency.

[0013] Preferably, the component collaborative control module serves as the core coordination unit for space-to-ground collaboration and on-orbit upgrades. It works in conjunction with the overall upgrade logic of the device to execute segmented upgrades and breakpoint resume technology. The specific steps are as follows: Upgrade package reception and segmentation: The component collaborative control module receives the software upgrade package sent by the ground gateway station through the satellite-to-ground link. First, it performs dual verification of the upgrade package for integrity and compatibility. After the verification is passed, the upgrade package is split into multiple independent upgrade segments according to the preset segmentation rules. The size of each segment is controlled within a reasonable range for satellite transmission to avoid interruption caused by excessive data volume in a single transmission. The preset segmentation rules are: divided according to module function, such as the upgrade block of the topology sensing module and the upgrade block of the routing convergence module. Upgraded block-order transmission: The component collaborative control module coordinates the satellite-to-ground link bandwidth resources and receives upgrade blocks sequentially according to the block order. Each block is immediately verified, including block integrity and bit error rate. After successful verification, the block is stored in the on-board temporary storage unit, and the receiving status and receiving breakpoint of the block are recorded. If the block verification fails, a retransmission request is immediately sent to the ground gateway station. Only the failed block is retransmitted, without retransmitting the entire upgrade package, thus reducing the transmission pressure on the satellite-to-ground link. Breakpoint recording and interruption recovery: The component collaborative control module records the upgrade progress in real time, including the number of received blocks, the number of currently received blocks, and the list of unreceived blocks, forming a breakpoint log and backing it up to the on-board redundant storage unit in real time. If the satellite-to-ground link is interrupted or the device experiences a temporary malfunction during the upgrade process, the upgrade is immediately paused, the current breakpoint information is saved, and after the link is restored and the malfunction is resolved, the component collaborative control module calls the breakpoint log and sends a breakpoint request to the ground gateway station to continue receiving the unfinished upgrade blocks from the breakpoint, avoiding upgrade duplication and shortening the upgrade time; Segmented Upgrade and Core Function Guarantee: The component collaborative control module distributes the verified upgrade segments to the corresponding modules in the segmented order and executes the segmented upgrade. During the upgrade process, the upgrade order is strictly controlled, prioritizing the upgrade of non-core auxiliary modules, followed by core modules such as topology awareness and route convergence. When upgrading core modules, a dual-module redundancy upgrade strategy is adopted, reserving one redundant module to maintain the operation of core functions, ensuring that the core functions of the device are not interrupted during the upgrade process and that onboard route transmission is not affected. The core functions are route convergence and anomaly monitoring. Upgrade Completion and Verification: After all sub-modules have been upgraded, the component collaborative control module summarizes and verifies the entire upgrade process to confirm that all sub-modules have been successfully upgraded and the modules are operating normally. At the same time, the upgrade completion status and the operating parameters of each module are reported to the ground gate station to complete the upgrade closed loop. If the verification finds an abnormality in the upgrade of a certain sub-module, the upgrade rollback mechanism is immediately triggered to roll back to the version before the upgrade to ensure stable operation of the device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: 1) In this invention, by adopting block upgrade and breakpoint resume technology, combined with upgrade breakpoint backup, status monitoring and rollback mechanism, the upgrade package is split into modules according to module function to reduce the transmission pressure of the satellite-to-ground link. Breakpoint resume can retain the upgrade progress when the link is interrupted or the device is abnormal. After recovery, the upgrade can continue from the breakpoint to avoid repeated transmission. Then, when the core module is upgraded, a dual-module redundancy strategy is adopted to maintain the normal operation of the core functions of route convergence and anomaly monitoring. This ensures that the satellite routing transmission is not interrupted during the upgrade process, realizes reliable iterative optimization of the device, extends the on-orbit service life of the device and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0015] 2) In this invention, the FPGA undertakes high-speed routing calculations, link status acquisition and other high-real-time tasks, while the CPU is responsible for resource scheduling, data interaction and other complex logic processing. The architecture collaborative control unit clarifies the boundaries of responsibilities to avoid computing power conflicts. At the same time, it is equipped with resource overload warning and power consumption monitoring mechanisms, which can dynamically adjust computing power and bandwidth allocation based on service priority, prioritize the protection of high-priority service resources, monitor and balance the overall power consumption of the satellite in real time, and combine the routing domain division design to decompose the global routing into local calculations within the domain and cross-domain interactions, which greatly reduces the computing power consumption and network signaling overhead of the satellite.

[0016] 3) In this invention, the route convergence and reconstruction module adopts a dual triggering logic of real-time monitoring and predictive triggering, coupled with multiple sets of backup route paths that are pre-stored and updated in real time. This real-time monitoring can quickly capture anomalies such as inter-satellite link interruption and satellite node failure, and immediately trigger the local rerouting mechanism to call the optimal backup path. At the same time, predictive triggering can identify potential fault risks in advance and complete rerouting preparation work in advance. When a fault occurs, there is no need to wait for fault determination to quickly start route switching. Combined with the dual-channel command issuance design and feedback mechanism, it can achieve rapid response to route convergence delay and path reconstruction delay, ensuring uninterrupted service transmission and significantly improving the stability and fault resistance of satellite routing. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall device flow of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the on-orbit upgrade process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Example: Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A low-Earth orbit constellation onboard routing convergence and reconstruction device is deployed on a low-Earth orbit constellation satellite platform to work in conjunction with the onboard routing module and the inter-satellite laser link module, and to communicate bidirectionally with the ground gateway station via the satellite-to-ground link. Please see Figure 1 The rapid route convergence and reconstruction device includes a topology sensing and prediction module, a route convergence and reconstruction module, a component collaborative control module, an anomaly monitoring and handling module, and a resource optimization and scheduling module. These modules are electrically connected to each other and work together to achieve rapid convergence of onboard routes, path reconstruction, and collaborative control of onboard components. The rapid route convergence and reconstruction device supports on-orbit upgrades and patch updates, adopts block upgrade and breakpoint resume technology, and is equipped with upgrade breakpoint backup function, upgrade status monitoring unit, and upgrade rollback mechanism. During the upgrade process, the core functions of route convergence and anomaly monitoring are maintained to ensure uninterrupted onboard route transmission. Please see Figure 1 The topology sensing and prediction module is used to receive ephemeris data sent by the ground gateway station and link operation parameters reported by the inter-satellite laser link module, update the LEO constellation topology in real time, predict topology change trends, and provide decision support for route convergence and reconstruction. Please see Figure 1 The route convergence and reconstruction module is used to monitor the operation status of inter-satellite laser links and satellite nodes. When the inter-satellite laser link is interrupted or the satellite node fails, it triggers the local rerouting mechanism, calls the pre-calculated backup route path, realizes fast route convergence and path reconstruction, and issues route switching instructions to the onboard route. Please see Figure 1 The component coordination control module is used to coordinate the forwarding strategy of the onboard route, the connection status of the inter-satellite laser link module, and synchronously interact with the ground gateway station to ensure the coordination and consistency between the device, onboard components, and ground system. Please see Figure 1 The anomaly monitoring and handling module is used to monitor the operating status of the onboard routing and inter-satellite laser link modules in real time. When a fault is detected, it triggers redundancy switching and local alarms, and reports the anomaly information to the ground gateway station. Please see Figure 1 The resource optimization and scheduling module is used to dynamically optimize the allocation of onboard routing and forwarding resources and inter-satellite laser link bandwidth based on the real-time occupancy of onboard computing power and bandwidth resources and service priorities, thereby balancing onboard power consumption and transmission performance.

[0020] Specifically, the system employs segmented upgrade and breakpoint resume technologies, coupled with upgrade breakpoint backup, status monitoring, and rollback mechanisms. By segmenting the upgrade package according to module functions, the transmission pressure on the satellite-to-ground link is reduced. Breakpoint resume can preserve the upgrade progress when the link is interrupted or the device malfunctions, and resume the upgrade from the breakpoint after recovery, avoiding duplicate transmission. Furthermore, a dual-module redundancy strategy is adopted when the core module is upgraded to maintain the normal operation of the core functions of route convergence and anomaly monitoring, ensuring uninterrupted satellite routing transmission during the upgrade process. This enables reliable iterative optimization of the device, extends the on-orbit service life of the device, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 The route convergence and reconstruction module pre-stores multiple backup route paths, which are updated in real time based on topology prediction results. In case of failure, the optimal path can be quickly called. The route convergence and reconstruction module adopts a dual triggering logic of real-time monitoring and predictive triggering, and adopts a dual-channel command issuance design with a command feedback mechanism to ensure reliable issuance of route switching commands. The route convergence latency implemented by the route convergence and reconstruction module is ≤500ms, and the path reconstruction latency is ≤1ms.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 The real-time monitoring module receives real-time topology information and inter-satellite laser link operating parameters from the topology sensing and prediction module, and simultaneously monitors the connectivity status of the inter-satellite laser link and the operating status of satellite nodes. It also presets fault judgment thresholds to verify the real-time collected status data and determine if a fault has occurred. If a fault is detected, a local rerouting mechanism is immediately triggered, calling the pre-stored optimal backup route path and simultaneously issuing a route switching command to the onboard route, completing route convergence and path reconstruction. The inter-satellite laser link operating parameters include signal strength, bit error rate, and transmission delay, with preset fault judgment thresholds for faults such as excessive bit error rate, link interruption, and no response from satellite nodes. The prediction trigger is used by the route convergence and reconstruction module to receive topology change prediction results from the topology awareness and prediction module in real time, including inter-satellite link connectivity prediction, constellation topology change trends, and potential fault risks. Then, the received prediction data is analyzed to determine whether there are potential risks of impending link interruption and satellite node failure. When a potential fault risk is determined, local rerouting preparation work is triggered in advance, including preloading backup route paths for the corresponding scenario, activating the route switching command issuance channel, and synchronously informing the component coordination control module to prepare for link switching. At the same time, when the predicted potential fault actually occurs, there is no need to wait for real-time monitoring fault determination; the route switching process is directly initiated to quickly complete route convergence and path reconstruction, further shortening response latency and ensuring uninterrupted service.

[0023] Specifically, real-time monitoring can quickly capture immediate faults such as link interruption, excessive bit error rate, and unresponsive nodes based on preset thresholds, and immediately trigger local rerouting. Predictive triggering relies on topology prediction results to identify potential fault risks in advance, complete backup path preloading and switching channel activation, and can directly switch without waiting for judgment when a fault occurs, achieving ultra-fast response to routing convergence delay and path reconstruction delay. At the same time, with the dual-channel command issuance and feedback mechanism and the dual-backup redundancy design of the satellite route, the entire link from triggering, execution, and redundancy protection ensures uninterrupted service transmission, significantly improving the routing stability and fault resistance of the low-Earth orbit constellation in highly dynamic and complex space environments.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 The topology awareness and prediction module employs a routing domain partitioning design, dividing the low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellation into non-overlapping cluster routing domains. Global routing is decomposed into intra-domain local routing calculations and cross-domain routing interactions, reducing onboard computing power consumption and overall network signaling overhead, thus adapting to large-scale LEO satellite networks. Simultaneously, relying on inter-satellite link availability prediction algorithms, it achieves local response during link congestion, improving the availability of routing algorithms. Inter-satellite link availability prediction algorithms, based on the topology, dynamic characteristics, failure modes, and environmental factors of inter-satellite links during constellation operation, predict whether inter-satellite links are available at a specific moment or within a certain period. These algorithms are key technologies for ensuring autonomous operation, global coverage, data relay, and service continuity for LEO or GEO satellite constellations. Prediction based on geometric visibility calculation: Using satellite orbit parameters and ground station location, the elevation angle, distance, and obstruction of the link are simulated and calculated using tools such as STK to determine whether the communication threshold is met; The satellite-borne router adopts a dual-backup redundancy design, which supports rapid switching in case of failure and ensures uninterrupted data forwarding.

[0025] Please see Figure 1The topology sensing and prediction module receives inter-satellite laser link operating parameters including link signal strength, bit error rate, and transmission delay. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts multi-algorithm fusion prediction technology, combining ephemeris data and link operating parameters to predict the connectivity of inter-satellite links and the trend of constellation topology changes. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts a dual-mode redundancy design for satellite-ground links, and is equipped with an ephemeris data verification mechanism and parsing algorithm optimization strategy to ensure stable and timely reception of ephemeris data.

[0026] Please see Figure 1 The anomaly monitoring and handling module monitors fault types including inter-satellite laser link interruption, excessive link bit error rate, abnormal satellite routing forwarding, and satellite routing hardware failure; redundancy switching includes dual backup switching of satellite routing and primary / backup switching of inter-satellite laser links; the monitoring frequency of the anomaly monitoring and handling module has been increased to 120Hz, multi-level fault thresholds have been set, and a redundancy switching self-checking mechanism, anomaly information reporting templates, and segmented reporting mechanism have been equipped to ensure timely detection, handling, and reporting of anomalies.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The resource optimization and scheduling module adopts a heterogeneous architecture of FPGA and CPU. The FPGA is used to realize the real-time requirements of high-speed routing calculation and link status acquisition, while the CPU is used to realize complex logic processing of resource scheduling and data interaction, balancing the power consumption and computing power requirements of the satellite. The resource optimization and scheduling module is equipped with an architecture collaborative control unit, a resource overload early warning mechanism and a power consumption monitoring unit, which can dynamically allocate computing power, optimize resource allocation and adjust power consumption according to the device's operating status.

[0028] Specifically, the FPGA handles high-speed routing calculations and link status acquisition, which are highly real-time tasks, while the CPU is responsible for complex logic processing such as resource scheduling and data interaction. The architecture coordinates and controls the boundaries of responsibilities to avoid computing power conflicts. It is also equipped with resource overload warning and power consumption monitoring mechanisms, which can dynamically adjust computing power and bandwidth allocation based on service priorities, prioritize high-priority service resources, monitor and balance the overall power consumption of the satellite in real time, and combine routing domain partitioning design to decompose global routing into local computing within the domain and cross-domain interaction, which greatly reduces the computing power consumption and network signaling overhead of the satellite.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 The component coordination control module coordinates three onboard routing and forwarding strategies: transparent forwarding, subband forwarding, and regeneration processing. The forwarding mode is dynamically adjusted based on service priority. Data interaction between the component coordination control module and the ground gateway station includes receiving configuration commands and routing strategies from the ground gateway station, and reporting the operating status and anomaly information of the device and onboard components. The component coordination control module is equipped with a forwarding mode adaptation unit and a link status synchronization mechanism, optimizing the communication protocol with the inter-satellite laser link module and improving coordination efficiency. If the link is operating normally: Bit error rate ≤ 10 -6 If the transmission delay is ≤50ms, the basic matching forwarding mode will be used without adjustment. If there is slight interference in the link: Bit error rate 10%. -6 -10 -4 If the transmission latency is 50-100ms, the forwarding mode of medium-priority and regular-priority services will be downgraded and adjusted. Medium-priority services will be changed from subband forwarding to transparent forwarding, regular-priority services will remain transparent forwarding, and the highest-priority services will remain in regeneration processing mode to balance reliability and efficiency. If severe interference occurs in the link: Bit error rate > 10 -4 If the transmission latency is greater than 100ms, the forwarding mode of all services will be upgraded and adjusted. The medium priority service will be changed from subband forwarding to regeneration processing, and the normal priority service will be changed from transparent forwarding to subband forwarding to ensure the transmission reliability of all services and avoid data loss.

[0030] Please see Figure 2 The component collaborative control module, as the core coordination unit for space-to-ground collaboration and on-orbit upgrades, works in conjunction with the overall upgrade logic of the device to execute segmented upgrades and breakpoint resume technology. The specific steps are as follows: Upgrade package reception and segmentation: The component collaborative control module receives the software upgrade package sent by the ground gateway station through the satellite-to-ground link. First, it performs dual verification of the upgrade package for integrity and compatibility. After the verification is passed, the upgrade package is split into multiple independent upgrade segments according to the preset segmentation rules. The size of each segment is controlled within a reasonable range for satellite transmission to avoid interruption caused by excessive data volume in a single transmission. The preset segmentation rules are: divided according to module function, such as the upgrade block of the topology sensing module and the upgrade block of the routing convergence module. Upgraded block-order transmission: The component collaborative control module coordinates the satellite-to-ground link bandwidth resources and receives upgrade blocks sequentially according to the block order. Each block is immediately verified, including block integrity and bit error rate. After successful verification, the block is stored in the on-board temporary storage unit, and the receiving status and receiving breakpoint of the block are recorded. If the block verification fails, a retransmission request is immediately sent to the ground gateway station. Only the failed block is retransmitted, without retransmitting the entire upgrade package, thus reducing the transmission pressure on the satellite-to-ground link. Breakpoint recording and interruption recovery: The component collaborative control module records the upgrade progress in real time, including the number of received blocks, the number of currently received blocks, and the list of unreceived blocks, forming a breakpoint log and backing it up to the on-board redundant storage unit in real time. If the satellite-to-ground link is interrupted or the device experiences a temporary malfunction during the upgrade process, the upgrade is immediately paused, the current breakpoint information is saved, and after the link is restored and the malfunction is resolved, the component collaborative control module calls the breakpoint log and sends a breakpoint request to the ground gateway station to continue receiving the unfinished upgrade blocks from the breakpoint, avoiding upgrade duplication and shortening the upgrade time; Segmented Upgrade and Core Function Guarantee: The component collaborative control module distributes the verified upgrade segments to the corresponding modules in the segmented order and executes the segmented upgrade. During the upgrade process, the upgrade order is strictly controlled, prioritizing the upgrade of non-core auxiliary modules, followed by core modules such as topology awareness and route convergence. When upgrading core modules, a dual-module redundancy upgrade strategy is adopted, reserving one redundant module to maintain the operation of core functions, ensuring that the core functions of the device are not interrupted during the upgrade process and that onboard route transmission is not affected. The core functions are route convergence and anomaly monitoring. Upgrade Completion and Verification: After all sub-modules have been upgraded, the component collaborative control module summarizes and verifies the entire upgrade process to confirm that all sub-modules have been successfully upgraded and the modules are operating normally. At the same time, the upgrade completion status and the operating parameters of each module are reported to the ground gate station to complete the upgrade closed loop. If the verification finds an abnormality in the upgrade of a certain sub-module, the upgrade rollback mechanism is immediately triggered to roll back to the version before the upgrade to ensure stable operation of the device.

[0031] This low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellation-based rapid route convergence and reconstruction device is deployed on the LEO constellation satellite platform. Its core function is to work collaboratively with the onboard routing module and inter-satellite laser link module. It also achieves bidirectional communication with the ground gateway station via a satellite-to-ground link. Relying on the interconnected and coordinated operation of the topology sensing and prediction module, route convergence and reconstruction module, component collaborative control module, anomaly monitoring and handling module, and resource optimization and scheduling module, it completes rapid convergence of onboard routes, path reconstruction, and collaborative control of onboard components. Furthermore, it achieves reliable on-orbit upgrades through segmented upgrades and breakpoint resume technology, ensuring uninterrupted onboard route transmission throughout the entire process. This adapts to the highly dynamic topology characteristics and space operation requirements of the LEO constellation. The detailed workflow is as follows: After the device starts up, the five modules perform self-checks simultaneously to confirm that the hardware and software of each module are operating normally. The component coordination control module receives the initial configuration parameters issued by the ground gateway station, including service priority rules, routing domain rules, link fault judgment thresholds, upgrade configuration parameters, etc., and synchronizes the relevant parameters to the other four modules to ensure that the parameters of each module are consistent. Then, the component coordination control module establishes communication connections with the onboard routing and inter-satellite laser link modules, and synchronously obtains the current operating status and forwarding mode of the onboard routing, as well as the initial connection status and link operating parameters of the inter-satellite laser link. At the same time, the onboard routing starts a dual backup redundancy mechanism to ensure rapid switching in case of failure. The topology perception and prediction module initializes the dual-mode redundant receiving channel of the satellite-ground link and prepares for receiving ephemeris data. Then, the route convergence and reconstruction module pre-stores multiple sets of backup route paths, and the initial path is generated based on the ephemeris data and constellation topology information issued by the ground gateway station. The component coordination control module completes the basic matching of three forwarding modes with different priority services according to the preset service priorities, namely, the highest priority service is matched with the regeneration processing mode, the medium priority service is matched with the sub-band forwarding mode, and the regular priority service is matched with the transparent forwarding mode. After initialization, the device enters the normal operation phase, where all modules work together to achieve stable forwarding of satellite routes, dynamic topology adaptation, optimized resource scheduling, and satellite-ground coordination, as detailed below: The topology sensing and prediction module, as the core of the device's sensing capabilities, continuously provides accurate decision support for route convergence and reconstruction. Through a dual-mode redundancy design of the satellite-ground link, it receives ephemeris data from the ground gateway station and link operation parameters reported by the inter-satellite laser link module. Equipped with an ephemeris data verification mechanism and parsing algorithm optimization strategy, it verifies the integrity and accuracy of the received ephemeris data. If verification fails, a retransmission request is triggered to ensure stable and timely reception of ephemeris data. Then, based on the verified ephemeris data and link operation parameters, it analyzes the topology of the low-Earth orbit constellation in real time, updates the connectivity between satellites, and adopts a routing domain partitioning design, dividing the low-Earth orbit constellation into non-overlapping cluster routing domains, and decomposing the global route into intra-domain local routing domains. The system integrates local routing calculations and cross-domain routing interaction, effectively reducing on-board computing power consumption and lowering overall network signaling overhead. It is compatible with large-scale low-Earth orbit satellite networks. Furthermore, by employing multi-algorithm fusion prediction technology, combined with ephemeris data and link operation parameters, it predicts the connectivity of inter-satellite links and the changing trends of constellation topology. Based on the inter-satellite link availability prediction algorithm and geometric visibility calculation, it uses satellite orbit parameters and ground station locations to simulate and calculate the link elevation angle, distance, and obstruction conditions using tools such as STK to determine whether the communication threshold is met. In the event of link congestion, it achieves local response, adjusts routing-related strategies in advance, and improves the availability of routing algorithms. At the same time, it synchronously sends real-time topology information and topology change prediction results to the routing convergence and reconstruction module. The route convergence and reconstruction module, as the core execution unit, continuously monitors and ensures stable forwarding of onboard routes. It achieves rapid response through dual-trigger logic, dynamically updating multiple pre-stored backup route paths by receiving topology change prediction results from the topology awareness and prediction module in real time. This ensures that the backup paths match the real-time constellation topology, and in case of a fault, the optimal path can be quickly invoked. It receives real-time topology information and inter-satellite laser link operating parameters from the topology awareness and prediction module, synchronously monitors the connectivity status of the inter-satellite laser links and the operating status of satellite nodes, presets fault judgment thresholds, and performs real-time verification of the collected status data. If a fault is detected, the local rerouting mechanism is immediately triggered, invoking the pre-stored optimal backup route path, while simultaneously issuing commands through dual channels. The design sends route switching commands to the onboard routers and is equipped with a command feedback mechanism to ensure reliable command delivery, enabling rapid route convergence and path reconstruction. Alternatively, it can receive topology change prediction results from the topology awareness and prediction module in real time, including inter-satellite link connectivity prediction, constellation topology change trends, and potential fault risks. The received prediction data is analyzed to determine whether there are potential fault risks. If so, local rerouting preparation work is triggered in advance, including preloading backup route paths for the corresponding scenario, activating the route switching command delivery channel, and synchronously informing the component collaborative control module to prepare for link switching. When the predicted potential fault actually occurs, there is no need to wait for real-time fault determination; the route switching process is started directly, further shortening the response latency and ensuring uninterrupted service. The component coordination control module, acting as the coordination hub, coordinates the collaborative work between onboard components and the ground system. Its core functionality includes dynamic adjustment of forwarding modes and satellite-ground coordination. Equipped with a forwarding mode adaptation unit and a link status synchronization mechanism, it acquires real-time operating parameters of the inter-satellite laser link and the priority of services to be transmitted. Based on the link status, it dynamically adjusts the forwarding mode of the onboard route. If the link is operating normally, the basic matching forwarding mode is used without adjustment. If slight interference occurs, the forwarding modes of medium-priority and regular-priority services are downgraded. Medium-priority services are changed from subband forwarding to transparent forwarding, while regular-priority services maintain transparent forwarding. The highest-priority services maintain the regeneration processing mode, balancing reliability and efficiency. If the link experiences... In the event of severe interference, the forwarding mode of all services will be upgraded and adjusted. Medium priority services will be changed from subband forwarding to regeneration processing, and regular priority services will be changed from transparent forwarding to subband forwarding to ensure the transmission reliability of all services and avoid data loss. Then, the communication protocol with the inter-satellite laser link module will be optimized, and the connection status and bandwidth allocation of the inter-satellite laser link module will be coordinated in real time to ensure the connectivity and stability of the inter-satellite link. Link adaptation will be completed in conjunction with route switching and forwarding mode adjustment. Then, bidirectional data interaction will be achieved with the ground gateway station to receive configuration instructions, routing policies, upgrade packages and other information issued by the ground gateway station. At the same time, the operating status and abnormal information of the device itself and the on-board components will be reported to ensure the coordination and consistency between the device and the ground system. As a safety assurance unit, the anomaly monitoring and handling module monitors the operational status of onboard components in real time and quickly handles various faults. By monitoring the operational status of onboard routing and inter-satellite laser link modules in real time, it focuses on detecting common faults such as inter-satellite laser link interruptions, excessive link bit error rates, abnormal onboard routing forwarding, and onboard routing hardware failures. It sets multi-level fault thresholds to issue early warnings for minor anomalies and immediately trigger the handling mechanism for serious anomalies. When a fault is detected, it immediately triggers the redundancy switching mechanism, including dual backup switching of onboard routing and primary / backup switching of inter-satellite laser links, to ensure uninterrupted data forwarding. It is equipped with a redundancy switching self-checking mechanism to regularly debug the switching logic and investigate potential anomalies. At the same time, while triggering local alarms, it reports anomaly information such as fault type, location, scope of impact, and time of occurrence to the ground gateway station through the space-to-ground link according to the anomaly information reporting template and adopts a segmented reporting mechanism. This provides a basis for remote ground handling and ensures that anomalies are detected, handled, and reported in a timely manner. The resource optimization and scheduling module, as a resource management unit, is based on a heterogeneous architecture of FPGA and CPU. It balances on-board power consumption and transmission performance. The FPGA is responsible for real-time requirements such as high-speed route calculation and link status acquisition, while the CPU is responsible for complex logic processing such as resource scheduling and data interaction. It is equipped with an architecture coordination control unit to clarify the responsibilities of both parties. It dynamically allocates computing resources according to the device's operating status to avoid computing power conflicts. Then, it collects the on-board computing power and bandwidth resource usage in real time and dynamically optimizes the allocation of on-board routing forwarding resources and inter-satellite laser link bandwidth based on service priorities. It is equipped with a resource overload early warning mechanism. When it detects that a certain service resource is occupied too much, it automatically restricts its resource usage to prioritize high-priority services and avoid resource overload or waste. At the same time, it is equipped with a power consumption monitoring unit to monitor the overall power consumption of the device in real time and dynamically adjust the power consumption according to the operating status of each module to balance on-board power consumption and computing power requirements and ensure stable operation of the device. When the anomaly monitoring and handling module detects various faults, the device immediately enters the anomaly handling phase. All modules collaborate to handle the fault, ensuring uninterrupted service transmission. Upon detecting a fault, the anomaly monitoring and handling module immediately triggers a local alarm and simultaneously reports the anomaly information to the ground gateway station in segments according to templates. Simultaneously, it distributes the fault information to the component coordination control module and the route convergence and reconstruction module. Then, the anomaly monitoring and handling module triggers redundancy switching, with switching latency controlled within a reasonable range to ensure uninterrupted data forwarding. The component coordination control module synchronously coordinates the inter-satellite laser link module to switch to the backup link, coordinating with the route switching. Meanwhile, the route convergence and reconstruction module... Based on the fault type, the system uses real-time monitoring to trigger or predict trigger logic, calls the pre-stored optimal backup route path, and issues a route switching command to achieve millisecond-level route convergence and sub-second-level path reconstruction. This ensures that the onboard route quickly resumes normal forwarding. Once the fault is resolved, each module updates its operating status synchronously. The topology perception and prediction module updates the constellation topology information, the route convergence and reconstruction module updates the backup route path, and the anomaly monitoring and handling module records the fault occurrence process, handling measures, and recovery status, providing data support for subsequent fault analysis and device optimization. The component collaborative control module reports the fault handling results to the ground gateway station, and the device resumes normal operation.

[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device, characterized in that: The routing fast convergence and reconstruction device is deployed on a low-Earth orbit constellation satellite platform to work in conjunction with the onboard routing module and the inter-satellite laser link module, and to communicate bidirectionally with the ground gateway station via the satellite-to-ground link. The route fast convergence and reconstruction device includes a topology awareness and prediction module, a route convergence and reconstruction module, a component collaborative control module, an anomaly monitoring and handling module, and a resource optimization and scheduling module. The route fast convergence and reconstruction device supports on-orbit upgrades and patch updates, adopts block upgrade and breakpoint resume technology, and is equipped with upgrade breakpoint backup function, upgrade status monitoring unit and upgrade rollback mechanism. During the upgrade process, the core functions of route convergence and anomaly monitoring are maintained to operate normally. The topology sensing and prediction module is used to receive ephemeris data sent by the ground gateway station and link operation parameters reported by the inter-satellite laser link module, update the low-Earth orbit constellation topology in real time, predict topology change trends, and provide decision support for route convergence and reconstruction. The route convergence and reconstruction module is used to monitor the inter-satellite laser link and satellite node operation status. When the inter-satellite laser link is interrupted or the satellite node fails, the local rerouting mechanism is triggered, the pre-calculated backup route path is called, the route convergence and path reconstruction are realized quickly, and the route switching command is sent to the on-board route. The component coordination control module is used to coordinate the forwarding strategy of the onboard route, the connection status of the inter-satellite laser link module, and synchronously interact with the ground gateway station to ensure the coordination consistency between the device, onboard components, and ground system. The anomaly monitoring and handling module is used to monitor the operating status of the onboard routing and inter-satellite laser link modules in real time, trigger redundancy switching and local alarms when a fault is detected, and report the anomaly information to the ground gateway station. The resource optimization and scheduling module is used to dynamically optimize the allocation of onboard routing and forwarding resources and inter-satellite laser link bandwidth based on the real-time occupancy of onboard computing power and bandwidth resources and service priorities, so as to balance onboard power consumption and transmission performance. The component coordination control module, as the core coordination unit for space-to-ground coordination and on-orbit upgrades, executes block upgrades and breakpoint resume technology, including: The software upgrade package sent by the ground gateway station is received through the satellite-to-ground link. First, the upgrade package is checked for integrity and compatibility. After the check passes, the upgrade package is split into multiple independent upgrade blocks according to the preset block splitting rules. The size of each block is controlled within a reasonable range for satellite transmission. Coordinate the bandwidth resources of the satellite-ground link, receive and upgrade blocks in the order of block segmentation, and immediately verify each block received, including the block integrity and bit error rate. After the verification is successful, the block is stored in the on-board temporary storage unit, and the receiving status and receiving breakpoint of the block are recorded. If the block verification fails, a retransmission request is immediately sent to the ground gateway station, and only the failed block is retransmitted. The upgrade progress is recorded in real time, including the number of received blocks, the number of currently received blocks, and the list of unreceived blocks. Breakpoint logs are generated and backed up in real time to the on-board redundant storage unit. If the satellite-to-ground link is interrupted or the device experiences a temporary abnormality during the upgrade process, the upgrade is immediately paused, the current breakpoint information is saved, and after the link is restored and the abnormality is resolved, the breakpoint logs are called to send a breakpoint request to the ground gateway station to continue receiving unfinished upgrade blocks from the breakpoint. In the order of block division, the verified upgrade blocks are distributed to the corresponding modules in sequence, and the block upgrade is performed. Non-core auxiliary modules are upgraded first, followed by the core modules of topology awareness and route convergence. When upgrading core modules, a dual-module redundancy upgrade strategy is adopted, and one redundant module is reserved to maintain the operation of core functions. After all the upgrade modules are completed, the entire upgrade process is summarized and verified to confirm that all modules have been successfully upgraded and that the modules are running normally. At the same time, the upgrade completion status and the operating parameters of each module are reported to the ground gate station. If the verification finds that a certain module upgrade is abnormal, the upgrade rollback mechanism is immediately triggered to roll back to the version before the upgrade.

2. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The route convergence and reconstruction module pre-stores multiple sets of backup route paths. The backup paths are updated in real time based on the topology prediction results, and the optimal path is quickly called in case of failure. The route convergence and reconstruction module adopts a dual triggering logic of real-time monitoring and predictive triggering.

3. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring module receives real-time topology information and inter-satellite laser link operation parameters from the topology sensing and prediction module in real time, and simultaneously monitors the connectivity status of the inter-satellite laser link and the operation status of satellite nodes. At the same time, a preset fault judgment threshold is set to verify the real-time collected status data in real time to determine whether a fault has occurred. If a fault is determined to have occurred, the local rerouting mechanism is immediately triggered to call the pre-stored optimal backup route path and send a route switching command to the onboard route to complete the route convergence and path reconstruction. The prediction trigger is used by the route convergence and reconstruction module to receive the topology change prediction results output by the topology perception and prediction module in real time, including inter-satellite link connectivity prediction, constellation topology change trend, and potential fault risks. Then, the received prediction data is analyzed to determine whether there are potential risks of link interruption or satellite node failure. When a potential fault risk is determined, local rerouting preparation work is triggered in advance, including preloading the backup route path for the corresponding scenario, activating the route switching command issuance channel, and synchronously informing the component collaborative control module to prepare for link switching. At the same time, when the predicted potential fault actually occurs, there is no need to wait for the real-time monitoring fault determination; the route switching process is directly started to quickly complete route convergence and path reconstruction.

4. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topology sensing and prediction module adopts a routing domain partitioning design, dividing the low-Earth orbit constellation into non-overlapping cluster routing domains, and decomposing global routing into intra-domain local routing calculation and cross-domain routing interaction. At the same time, relying on the inter-satellite link availability prediction algorithm, it achieves local response when the link is congested. The onboard routing adopts a dual-backup redundancy design.

5. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inter-satellite laser link operating parameters received by the topology sensing and prediction module include link signal strength, bit error rate, and transmission delay. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts multi-algorithm fusion prediction technology, combining ephemeris data and link operating parameters to predict the connectivity of inter-satellite links and the trend of constellation topology changes. The topology sensing and prediction module adopts a dual-mode redundancy design for satellite-to-ground links, and is equipped with an ephemeris data verification mechanism and parsing algorithm optimization strategy to ensure stable and timely reception of ephemeris data.

6. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault types monitored by the anomaly monitoring and handling module include inter-satellite laser link interruption, link bit error rate exceeding the standard, abnormal satellite routing forwarding, and satellite routing hardware failure; the redundancy switching includes dual backup switching of satellite routing and primary / backup switching of inter-satellite laser links; the monitoring frequency of the anomaly monitoring and handling module is increased to 120Hz, multi-level fault thresholds are set, and a redundancy switching self-checking mechanism, anomaly information reporting templates, and segmented reporting mechanism are provided.

7. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resource optimization and scheduling module adopts a heterogeneous architecture of FPGA and CPU. The FPGA is used to realize the real-time requirements of high-speed routing calculation and link status acquisition, while the CPU is used to realize complex logic processing of resource scheduling and data interaction, balancing the power consumption and computing power requirements of the satellite. The resource optimization and scheduling module is equipped with an architecture coordination control unit, a resource overload early warning mechanism and a power consumption monitoring unit, which dynamically allocates computing power, optimizes resource allocation and adjusts power consumption according to the device's operating status.

8. The low-Earth orbit constellation-based route convergence and reconstruction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The component coordination control module coordinates three onboard routing and forwarding strategies: transparent forwarding, sub-band forwarding, and regeneration processing. The forwarding mode is dynamically adjusted according to service priority. The data interaction between the component coordination control module and the ground gateway station includes receiving configuration instructions and routing strategies issued by the ground gateway station, and reporting the operating status and abnormal information of the device and onboard components. The component coordination control module is equipped with a forwarding mode adaptation unit and a link status synchronization mechanism to optimize the communication protocol with the inter-satellite laser link module and improve coordination efficiency.

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