High-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle and direct-write printing device comprising the same

Abstract

The application discloses a high-definition aerosol direct-writing nozzle and a direct-writing printing device comprising the nozzle. The high-definition aerosol direct-writing nozzle comprises a gas inlet pipe, an upper compression pipe, an upper sheath gas cylinder, a lower compression pipe, a lower sheath gas cylinder, a coaxial laminar flow restriction sleeve and a nozzle. The nozzle adopts sheath gas to mix and compress aerosol jet through respective mixing channels and compression gas direct channels multiple times, and drives the droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet to move to the inside of the jet through the entrainment behavior of the coaxial laminar flow restriction sleeve wrapping the aerosol jet, thereby improving the precision of the aerosol jet sprayed by the nozzle. The high-definition aerosol direct-writing printing device adopts an aerosol generation module to generate uniform and stable aerosol droplets, inputs the high-definition aerosol direct-writing nozzle through a gas delivery module, generates a high-concentration fine aerosol jet, cooperates with the spatial curve movement of a nozzle movement module and a printing table, uses a drying and curing module to quickly dry and cure a pattern or structure in situ, and realizes fine direct-writing printing of a high-definition pattern or structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of direct-write 3D printing technology, specifically relating to a high-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle and a direct-write printing device including the nozzle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of flexible electronics, wearable smart devices, micro / nano structure manufacturing, and high-precision electronic packaging technologies, the demand for direct-write printing technology for high-precision, high-resolution patterns or structures is becoming increasingly urgent. Aerosol printing, as a non-contact, direct-write additive manufacturing technology, has attracted widespread attention due to its wide applicability to materials and high forming efficiency, and has been applied in fields such as flexible sensors and electronic device packaging. However, in practical applications, this technology faces challenges such as the disordered movement of micro / nano-scale droplets within the aerosol jet and the difficulty in effectively suppressing satellite droplets, leading to overspray; and the aerosol jet being susceptible to interference from ambient airflow, resulting in insufficient clarity of the printed pattern. These issues hinder its further promotion in the field of high-quality micro / nano manufacturing.

[0003] In existing technologies, researchers have proposed various aerosol jet focusing and control methods to improve the accuracy of aerosol printing. For example, Zhang Xiaocheng et al. ("Design and Experimental Study of Aerosol Printing System with Double-Layer Sheath Gas Structure", 2021) proposed an aerosol printing system using a double-layer sheath gas structure, which effectively reduces the printed linewidth by focusing the aerosol jet through two sheath gas layers. However, there is a pressure difference between the focused aerosol jet and the atmospheric environment. Under the action of this pressure difference, the droplets in the aerosol jet will move towards the surrounding environment. This causes the sheath gas focusing structure to be unable to suppress the diffusion of tiny droplets in the aerosol jet into the environment, resulting in uneven aerosol droplet deposition, blurred printed patterns, overspray, and reduced overall pattern quality and resolution.

[0004] Chinese patent CN215203540U proposes a nanoparticle aerosol printing device. Its printhead employs a sheath gas secondary focusing structure to focus aerosol particles. This device can effectively reduce the print linewidth, but it cannot eliminate or suppress the diffusion of aerosol particles into the environment. Furthermore, excessive sheath gas flow can block the aerosol flow. Therefore, existing aerosol printheads with sheath gas focusing structures cannot effectively solve the problem of blurred printed images caused by the outward diffusion of droplets within the aerosol jet.

[0005] To suppress the diffusion of aerosol droplets into the environment and improve printing accuracy, Ma et al. ("Enhanced aerosol-jet printing using annular acoustic field for high resolution and minimal overspray", 2024) applied an annular ultrasonic field to the aerosol jet, causing the liquid droplets within the aerosol jet to aggregate radially under the action of acoustic radiation force. This suppressed overspray and satellite droplet phenomena, achieving sub-micron resolution printing. However, in this method, the acoustic radiation force mainly acts on the liquid droplets of the aerosol jet, making the method susceptible to electromagnetic interference, limiting system stability and applicability. Furthermore, the high cost of ultrasonic equipment makes large-scale deployment in industrial settings difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead and a direct-write printing device including the printhead, solving the problems of blurred patterns or structures and severe overprinting caused by satellite droplet deposition in existing aerosol printing technologies.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle is provided, including an air inlet pipe, an upper compression pipe, an upper sheath air cylinder, a lower compression pipe, a lower sheath air cylinder, a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve, and a nozzle; An aerosol inlet is provided on the upper part of the inner side of the air inlet pipe, an air inlet flange is provided on the middle part of the outer side of the air inlet pipe, an air inlet cone is provided on the lower part of the outer side of the air inlet pipe, and an air inlet straight channel is provided on the inner side of the air inlet pipe, which runs through the air inlet pipe. An upper compression pipe conical hole is provided on the upper inner side of the upper compression pipe, and an upper compressed air straight channel is provided on the inner side of the upper compression pipe, which is connected to the upper compression pipe conical hole; an upper compression pipe flange is provided on the middle outer side of the upper compression pipe, and an upper compression pipe cone is provided on the lower outer side of the upper compression pipe. The upper part of the upper sheath cylinder is connected to the flange of the air inlet pipe, and the lower part of the upper sheath cylinder is connected to the flange of the upper compression pipe. The outer side of the lower part of the upper sheath cylinder, the lower part of the air inlet pipe, and the outer side of the upper part of the upper compression pipe form the upper sheath chamber. An upper sheath air inlet is provided on one side of the upper sheath chamber. The intake pipe cone extends into the upper compression pipe cone hole, and the side of the intake pipe cone and the side of the upper compression pipe cone hole form an upper sheath gas guide channel. The bottom surface of the intake pipe cone and the bottom surface of the upper compression pipe cone hole form a primary mixing channel. The input end of the upper sheath gas guide channel is connected to the output end of the upper sheath gas chamber. The output end of the upper sheath gas guide channel and the output end of the intake straight channel are both connected to the input end of the primary mixing channel. The output end of the primary mixing channel is connected to the input end of the upper compressed gas straight channel. The upper outer part of the lower compression pipe is provided with an upper flange of the lower compression pipe, the upper inner part of the lower compression pipe is provided with a tapered hole of the lower compression pipe, the middle outer part of the lower compression pipe is provided with a lower flange of the lower compression pipe, the inner side of the lower compression pipe is provided with a straight channel of lower compressed air, the straight channel of lower compressed air is connected to the tapered hole of the lower compression pipe, the lower outer part of the lower compression pipe is provided with a lower cone, the lower inner part of the lower compression pipe is provided with a lower inner hole of the lower compression pipe, and the lower inner hole of the lower compression pipe is connected to the nozzle. The upper part of the lower sheath air cylinder is connected to the flange of the upper compression pipe, and the lower part of the lower sheath air cylinder is connected to the upper flange of the lower compression pipe. The lower sheath air cylinder, the lower outer side of the upper compression pipe and the upper outer side of the lower compression pipe form a lower sheath air chamber. A lower sheath air inlet is provided on one side of the lower sheath air chamber. The upper compression tube cone extends into the lower compression tube cone hole. The side of the upper compression tube cone and the side of the lower compression tube cone hole form a lower sheath gas guide channel. The bottom surface of the upper compression tube cone and the bottom surface of the lower compression tube cone hole form a secondary mixing channel. The input end of the lower sheath gas guide channel is connected to the output end of the lower sheath gas chamber. The output end of the lower sheath gas guide channel and the output end of the upper compression gas straight channel are both connected to the input end of the secondary mixing channel. The output end of the secondary mixing channel is connected to the input end of the lower compression gas straight channel. The upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve is connected to the lower flange of the lower compression pipe to form a constraint gas chamber. A constraint gas inlet is provided on one side of the upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve. A conical structure is provided in the middle of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve. The conical structure and the side of the cone of the lower compression pipe form a constraint gas guide channel. A hollow cylinder is provided at the lower part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve. The inner side of the hollow cylinder and the outer side of the nozzle form a cylindrical laminar flow straight channel. The cylindrical laminar flow straight channel is connected to the constraint gas guide channel. The nozzle is equipped with a nozzle airflow straight channel, which passes through the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel. The input end of the nozzle airflow straight channel is connected to the output end of the lower compressed air straight channel. The intake straight channel, primary mixing channel, upper compressed air straight channel, secondary mixing channel, lower compressed air straight channel, nozzle airflow straight channel, and cylindrical laminar flow straight channel are coaxially arranged.

[0008] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: The high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead generates an aerosol jet through the air inlet pipe, upper compression pipe, upper sheath air cylinder, lower compression pipe, lower sheath air cylinder and nozzle. The coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve generates coaxial laminar flow constraint gas. The entrainment behavior of the aerosol jet by the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas enveloping the aerosol jet causes the pressure difference between the laminar flow constraint gas and the aerosol jet to drive the tiny droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet to move into the jet interior, effectively preventing the droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet from diffusing into the environment, and improving the accuracy of the aerosol jet ejected by the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead. The aerosol gas flow is introduced into the primary mixing channel through the aerosol inlet and the straight inlet channel to form an aerosol jet. Upper sheath gas is introduced into the primary mixing channel through the upper sheath gas inlet and the upper sheath gas chamber along the upper sheath gas guide channel. Within the primary mixing channel, the upper sheath gas performs primary mixing and radial compression on the aerosol jet. Lower sheath gas is introduced into the secondary mixing channel through the lower sheath gas inlet and the lower sheath gas chamber along the lower sheath gas guide channel, where it performs secondary mixing and radial compression on the aerosol jet. The upper and lower sheath gas guide channels serve a guiding function, ensuring uniform mixing of the sheath gas and aerosol jet within the primary and secondary mixing channels, respectively, and facilitating better radial compression of the aerosol jet. Furthermore, the upper and lower sheath gas guide channels, along with the upper and lower compression channels, further enhance the aerosol jet's performance. The aerosol jet in the straight gas channel maintains a uniform laminar flow state, ensuring that the streamlines of the aerosol jet remain parallel during transmission. Precise compression and control of the aerosol jet are achieved through two sheath gas compression processes. The confinement gas is input into the confinement chamber through the confinement gas inlet, and after passing through the confinement gas guide channel, it is ejected from the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel, forming a laminar confinement gas coaxial with the aerosol jet. At the outlet of the coaxial laminar confinement sleeve, the entrainment behavior of the coaxial laminar confinement gas enveloping the aerosol jet reduces the aerosol jet diameter. More importantly, the pressure difference between the laminar confinement gas and the aerosol jet causes the edge droplets of the aerosol jet to move inwards, blocking the diffusion of the edge droplets into the environment and improving the concentration and precision of the aerosol jet. By coaxially arranging the air inlet straight channel, primary mixing channel, upper compressed air straight channel, secondary mixing channel, lower compressed air straight channel, nozzle airflow straight channel, and cylindrical laminar flow straight channel, the aerosol airflow can maintain a laminar flow state throughout the entire process from entering the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle to ejection. Through the entrainment effect of the sheath gas compression twice and the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas, a high-concentration fine aerosol jet is provided for direct writing printing high-definition patterns or structures.

[0009] The present invention also provides a high-definition aerosol direct writing printing device including the above-mentioned high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead, including a high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead, as well as an aerosol generation module, a gas delivery module, a printhead movement module, a printing plate, a drying and curing module, a monitoring module, a control module and an alarm module; The aerosol generation module is connected to the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead via the gas delivery module. The high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead is connected to the printhead motion module. A printing platform is set below the output end of the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead. The drying and curing module and the monitoring module are set above the printing platform. The aerosol generation module, gas delivery module, nozzle movement module, printing table, drying and curing module, monitoring module, and alarm module are all electrically connected to the control module.

[0010] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: This high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device integrates the aforementioned high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead, aerosol generation module, gas delivery module, printhead motion module, printing platform, drying and curing module, monitoring module, control module, and alarm module. Utilizing the high-concentration, fine aerosol jet generated by the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead, the precise spatial curve motion of the printhead motion module and printing platform, and rapid drying and curing control, it achieves fine printing of high-definition patterns or structures, improving the clarity and resolution of the direct-write printed patterns or structures. Specifically, the aerosol generation module controls the atomization process of the liquid raw material to generate stable and uniformly sized aerosol atomized droplets, ensuring the stability and consistency of aerosol quality and effectively reducing the generation of large-diameter droplets. The gas delivery module is responsible for stably delivering the aerosol from the generation module to the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead and, by adjusting the gas pressure and flow rate, ensures the stability and uniformity of the aerosol airflow during delivery, effectively preventing aerosol droplet deposition and stratification during delivery, and ensuring the continuity and consistency of the aerosol jet during printing. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead utilizes the dual mixing and radial compression of the aerosol jet by upper and lower sheath gases, along with the entrainment effect of the aerosol jet encapsulated by coaxial laminar flow confinement gas. This causes the droplets at the jet edge to move radially inward, isolating the aerosol jet from the ambient gas and achieving high-concentration, fine aerosol jet ejection. This significantly improves the clarity and resolution of printed patterns or structures. Furthermore, the printhead motion module and the printing platen control the movement of the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead and the printing substrate, respectively, enabling path control and speed adjustment during the pattern printing process, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the printed patterns or structures.

[0011] Furthermore, the aerosol generating module includes a raw material supplier, an atomizing chamber, an atomizer, a negative pressure delivery pipe, and a first connecting pipe; The upper end of the raw material supplier is provided with a raw material filling port, and the lower end of the raw material supplier is connected to the atomizing chamber through a first connecting pipe. A filter is installed inside the first connecting pipe, and a flow valve is installed on the first connecting pipe. An atomizer is located at the bottom of the atomizing chamber, and an atomizing chamber outlet is located at the top of the atomizing chamber. The atomizing chamber outlet is connected to the mist inlet located in the middle of the negative pressure delivery pipe. One end of the negative pressure delivery pipe is equipped with a negative pressure delivery pipe air inlet, which is connected to the gas delivery module through a third connecting pipe. The other end of the negative pressure delivery pipe is equipped with a negative pressure delivery pipe air outlet, which is connected to the aerosol air inlet through a second connecting pipe. The atomizer and flow valve are both electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller.

[0012] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the aerosol generation module is convenient to add material through the material filling port set at the upper end of the material supplier; the filter set inside the first connecting pipe can effectively intercept solid impurities; the signal acquisition and controller collects the material atomization status in real time; the flow valve is adjusted to control the material supply rate; and the speed at which the atomizer generates atomized droplets is controlled, so as to ensure that the material supply, atomization speed and aerosol direct writing printing rate are matched. The atomizer at the bottom of the atomizing chamber efficiently converts raw materials into nano- to micron-sized atomized droplets. The carrier gas is fed into the negative pressure delivery pipe connected to the top of the atomizing chamber via a third connecting pipe through a gas distribution pipe. Utilizing Bernoulli's fluid dynamics principle, the carrier gas increases in velocity as it flows through a small cross-section channel in the negative pressure delivery pipe, generating negative pressure at the inlet of the negative pressure delivery pipe. This draws the atomized droplets through the inlet, where they mix with the carrier gas to form a stable aerosol. The aerosol is then fed into the aerosol inlet of the high-definition aerosol nozzle via a second connecting pipe. The flow rate of the aerosol airflow is regulated by a first flow meter to ensure the uniformity and stability of the aerosol airflow delivered to the high-definition aerosol nozzle.

[0013] Furthermore, the gas delivery module includes a gas pump, a buffer tank, a pressure gauge, a pressure regulating valve, a gas distribution pipe, a second connecting pipe, a third connecting pipe, a fourth connecting pipe, a fifth connecting pipe, a sixth connecting pipe, a seventh connecting pipe, an eighth connecting pipe, a first flow meter, a second flow meter, a third flow meter, and a fourth flow meter; The air pump is connected to the buffer tank via the fourth connecting pipe. The buffer tank is equipped with a pressure gauge and a pressure regulating valve. The buffer tank is connected to the air distribution pipe via the fifth connecting pipe. The air distribution pipe is connected to the air inlet of the negative pressure delivery pipe via the third connecting pipe. The air distribution pipe is connected to the upper sheath air inlet via the sixth connecting pipe. The sixth connecting pipe is equipped with a second flow meter. The air distribution pipe is connected to the lower sheath air inlet via the seventh connecting pipe. The seventh connecting pipe is equipped with a third flow meter. The air distribution pipe is connected to the constraint air inlet via the eighth connecting pipe. The eighth connecting pipe is equipped with a fourth flow meter. The second connecting pipe is equipped with a first flow meter. The air pump is electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller.

[0014] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: The compressed gas generated by the gas pump of the gas delivery module is input into the buffer tank, and through the pressure regulating valve and the gas distribution pipe, the carrier gas, upper sheath gas, lower sheath gas and constraint gas are respectively delivered to the air inlet of the negative pressure delivery pipe, the air inlet of the upper sheath gas, the air inlet of the lower sheath gas and the air inlet of the constraint gas. The gas flow rate is independently adjusted by the flow meter set on each connecting pipe, which ensures the stability of the aerosol gas flow during the transmission process; the first flow meter can effectively change the aerosol gas flow rate; the second flow meter adjusts the upper sheath gas flow rate and the third flow meter adjusts the lower sheath gas flow rate, which can mix and compress the aerosol jet twice, resulting in a significant reduction in the printed line width and precise control of the printed line width; the fourth flow meter adjusts the constraint gas, which can realize the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas to wrap the aerosol jet, blocking the diffusion of the aerosol jet into the environment, and providing a high-concentration fine aerosol jet to solve the over-spraying problem of aerosol direct writing printing.

[0015] Furthermore, the nozzle motion module includes a first fixed base, a first X-axis linear motion stage, a Z-axis linear motion stage, and a nozzle mounting plate; A first X-axis linear motion stage that moves along the X-axis is provided on the first fixed base, and a Z-axis linear motion stage that moves along the Z-axis is provided on the first X-axis linear motion stage. The high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle is connected to the Z-axis linear motion stage through a nozzle mounting plate.

[0016] Preferably, the first fixed base includes a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket arranged parallel to each other along the Z-axis direction. The first fixed bracket and the second fixed bracket are connected by a third fixed bracket arranged along the X-axis direction. The third fixed bracket is provided with a first X-axis linear motion stage along the X-axis direction.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: When the first X-axis linear motion stage is running, the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead can move along the X-axis direction, which facilitates printhead positioning, cleaning, maintenance and replacement; when the Z-axis linear motion stage is running, the printhead can be driven to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby realizing the trajectory control of the aerosol direct writing printing device in the vertical direction. Combined with the high-concentration fine aerosol jet direct writing printing generated by the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead, the problem of blurred line edges caused by mechanical vibration or positioning deviation in traditional printing can be avoided, thereby improving the clarity and resolution of the printed pattern.

[0018] Furthermore, the printing stage includes a second fixed base, a second X-axis linear motion stage, a Y-axis linear motion stage, a C-axis rotary stage, an A-axis rotary stage, and a printing substrate; The second fixed base is provided with a second X-axis linear motion stage that moves along the X-axis direction. The second X-axis linear motion stage is provided with a Y-axis linear motion stage that moves along the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis linear motion stage is provided with a C-axis rotary stage that rotates around the Y-axis direction. The C-axis rotary stage is provided with an A-axis rotary stage that rotates around the Y-axis normal direction. The A-axis rotary stage is provided with a printing substrate.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the printing table drives the printing substrate to move along the X-axis and Y-axis directions through the second X-axis linear motion stage and Y-axis linear motion stage set on the second fixed base; the C-axis rotary stage drives the printing substrate to rotate around the Y-axis direction; and the A-axis rotary stage drives the printing substrate to rotate around the Y-axis normal direction. Through single-axis or multi-axis motion, direct writing printing of spatial patterns or structures is realized, thereby ensuring that the printhead is always perpendicular to the printing substrate during the direct writing printing process. This effectively avoids the problem of blurred line edges caused by displacement and direction errors caused by the spatial movement of the printing substrate, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the printed patterns or structures.

[0020] Furthermore, the drying and curing module uses one or more of the following methods: air blowing, electric heating, and light irradiation; the drying and curing module includes a drying and curing unit, which is one or more of the following: continuous light curing unit, flash drying and curing unit, laser curing unit, UV curing unit, and thermal curing unit.

[0021] Furthermore, the drying and curing unit is mounted on the support column, which is located on one side of the second fixed base. The output end of the drying and curing unit is located above the substrate. The drying and curing unit is electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: through the rapid control of the drying and curing module, the signal acquisition and controller can perform local rapid drying and curing of the deposited material in situ during the aerosol direct writing printing process, effectively suppressing the edge diffusion phenomenon of liquid droplets caused by surface tension or environmental disturbance, while avoiding structural deformation caused by temperature gradient in traditional thermal curing methods, and significantly improving the clarity or structural resolution of printed patterns or structures.

[0023] Furthermore, the monitoring module includes an image acquisition device and an imaging light source, both of which are mounted on a support column and are electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller. The control module includes a signal acquisition and controller and a computer, with the signal acquisition and controller electrically connected to the computer; The alarm module includes alarm indicator lights and working status indicator lights, both of which are electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller.

[0024] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows: the imaging light source can provide stable and uniform illumination for the image acquisition device, ensuring clear images captured by the image acquisition device. The image acquisition device can transmit the real-time acquired images to the signal acquisition and controller. The computer in the control module collects data and images from the aerosol generation module, gas delivery module, nozzle movement module, printing platform, drying and curing module, and image acquisition device. It quickly analyzes the quality of the aerosol direct-write printed image or structure, promptly identifies droplet deposition and curing, and dynamically adjusts process parameters such as the gas flow rate, drying and curing time, and printing platform movement parameters for aerosol direct writing, forming a closed-loop control. This avoids blurry patterns or structures caused by monitoring lag in the aerosol direct-write printing process, thereby improving the resolution and product quality stability of aerosol direct-write printing. The alarm module can immediately trigger an alarm when printing abnormalities or substandard quality are detected, prompting timely intervention, preventing the generation of defective products, and improving the stability, reliability, and production efficiency of the device.

[0025] In summary, the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead and the direct-write printing device including the printhead provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: (1) The high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle generates an aerosol jet through an air inlet pipe, an upper compression pipe, an upper sheath air cylinder, a lower compression pipe, a lower sheath air cylinder and a nozzle. It generates a coaxial laminar flow constraint gas through a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve. The ejection behavior of the aerosol jet by the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas effectively prevents the edge droplets of the aerosol jet from spreading into the environment, thereby improving the accuracy of the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle in spraying the aerosol jet. In this process, the aerosol gas flow enters the mixing channel through the aerosol inlet and is fed into the primary mixing channel to form an aerosol jet. The upper and lower sheath gases are fed into their respective sheath chambers through the guide channel. In the mixing channel and the compressed gas straight channel, the aerosol jet is subjected to multiple uniform mixing and radial compression to ensure that the aerosol jet maintains a uniform laminar flow state, thus achieving precise compression and control of the aerosol jet. The confinement gas is fed into the confinement chamber through the confinement gas inlet and is ejected from the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel after passing through the confinement gas guide channel. At the outlet of the coaxial laminar flow confinement sleeve, the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas envelops the aerosol jet, and the pressure difference between the laminar flow confinement gas and the aerosol jet causes the droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet to move into the interior of the jet, blocking the diffusion of the droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet into the environment and improving the accuracy of the aerosol jet. By coaxially arranging the air inlet straight channel, primary mixing channel, upper compressed air straight channel, secondary mixing channel, lower compressed air straight channel, nozzle airflow straight channel, and cylindrical laminar flow straight channel, the aerosol airflow is kept in a laminar flow state throughout the entire process from entering the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle to being ejected. Through the entrainment effect of the sheath gas compression twice and the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas, a high-concentration fine aerosol jet is provided for direct writing printing high-definition patterns or structures.

[0026] (2) The direct-write printing device integrates a high-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle, an aerosol generation module, a gas delivery module, a nozzle movement module, a printing platform, a drying and curing module, a monitoring module, a control module, and an alarm module to form a complete high-definition aerosol direct-write printing system. The system utilizes the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas generated by the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve. Through the ejection effect, it coordinates multiple sheath gas compressions and coaxial settings to achieve high-precision control of the aerosol jet, effectively suppressing the divergence problem of droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet. At the same time, through the coordinated movement of the nozzle movement module and the printing platform, the accuracy and stability of the printing path are ensured. After rapid drying and curing, a clear edge and high-resolution printed pattern and structure are finally formed on the printing substrate. This avoids the problems of blurry direct-write printed patterns or structures and insufficient resolution caused by satellite droplet divergence or unstable focusing due to interference in traditional aerosol printing technology.

[0027] (3) The aerosol generation module in the direct-write printing device includes a raw material supplier, a filter, a flow valve, an atomizing chamber, an atomizer, a first connecting pipe, and a negative pressure delivery pipe. The raw material supplier can conveniently add materials through the raw material filling port set at the top. The filter in the first connecting pipe can effectively intercept solid impurities to ensure the purity of the aerosol raw material. The flow valve can control the raw material supply rate to ensure that the raw material supply, atomization speed and aerosol direct-write printing rate are matched. The atomizer at the bottom of the atomizing chamber efficiently converts the liquid raw material into micro-nano aerosol droplets. The negative pressure delivery pipe uses the Bernoulli fluid dynamics principle to mix the micro-nano droplets with the carrier gas to form a stable and uniform aerosol airflow, which provides a stable and high-quality aerosol raw material for the subsequent direct-write printing process, thereby indirectly improving the clarity and resolution of the printed pattern or structure.

[0028] (4) The gas delivery module in the direct-write printing device realizes the delivery of aerosol through the coordinated work of the air pump, buffer tank, gas distribution pipe, connecting pipe and flow meter. The buffer tank can absorb the pressure fluctuations output by the air pump to ensure the stability of aerosol delivery. The gas distribution pipe inputs carrier gas, upper sheath gas, lower sheath gas and laminar confinement gas with independently adjustable flow rates to the air inlet of the negative pressure delivery pipe, the air inlet of the upper sheath gas, the air inlet of the lower sheath gas and the air inlet of the confinement gas through independent connecting pipes. This not only ensures the stability of the aerosol jet during the transmission process, but also controls the flow ratio of the airflow, effectively suppresses the divergence of droplets at the edge of the jet, improves the concentration and accuracy of the aerosol jet, and also improves the clarity and resolution of the direct-write printed pattern or structure. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead and direct-write printing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an aerosol generating module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a high-definition aerosol direct-write printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle motion module structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a printing plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a high-definition aerosol direct-write printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. High-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle; 11. Inlet pipe; 111. Aerosol inlet; 112. Inlet pipe flange; 113. Inlet pipe cone; 114. Inlet straight channel; 12. Upper compression pipe; 121. Upper compression pipe cone hole; 122. Upper compression pipe flange; 123. Upper compression pipe cone; 124. Upper sheath gas guide channel; 125. Primary mixing channel; 126. Upper compressed gas straight channel; 13. Upper sheath gas cylinder; 131. Upper sheath gas chamber; 132. Upper sheath gas inlet; 14. Lower compression pipe; 141. Lower compression pipe upper flange; 142. Lower compression pipe cone hole; 143. Lower compression pipe lower flange; 144. Lower compressed gas straight channel; 145. Lower compression... 146. Lower inner hole of the lower compression pipe; 147. Lower sheath gas guide channel; 148. Secondary mixing channel; 15. Lower sheath gas cylinder; 151. Lower sheath gas chamber; 152. Lower sheath gas inlet; 16. Coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve; 161. Constraint gas chamber; 162. Constraint gas inlet; 163. Conical structure; 164. Constraint gas guide channel; 165. Hollow cylinder; 166. Cylindrical laminar flow straight channel; 17. Nozzle; 171. Nozzle airflow straight channel; 2. Aerosol generation module; 20. Computer; 21. Raw material supplier; 211. Raw material filling port; 22. Atomizing chamber; 221. Atomizing chamber outlet; 23. Atomizer; 24. Negative pressure delivery pipe 241. Mist inlet; 242. Negative pressure delivery pipe outlet; 243. Negative pressure delivery pipe inlet; 25. First connecting pipe; 251. Filter; 252. Flow valve; 3. Gas delivery module; 31. Air pump; 310. Second connecting pipe; 311. Third connecting pipe; 312. Fourth connecting pipe; 313. Fifth connecting pipe; 314. Sixth connecting pipe; 315. Seventh connecting pipe; 316. Eighth connecting pipe; 32. Buffer tank; 33. Pressure gauge; 34. Pressure regulating valve; 35. Gas distribution pipe; 36. First flow meter; 37. Second flow meter; 38. Third flow meter; 39. Fourth flow meter; 4. Nozzle movement module; 41. First fixed base; 411. First fixed bracket; 412. Second fixed bracket; 413. Third fixed bracket; 42. First X-axis linear motion stage; 43. Z-axis linear motion stage; 44. Printhead mounting plate; 5. Printing table; 51. Second fixed base; 52. Second X-axis linear motion stage; 53. Y-axis linear motion stage; 54. C-axis rotary stage; 55. A-axis rotary stage; 56. Printing substrate; 6. Drying and curing module; 60. Drying and curing unit; 61. Support column; 7. Monitoring module; 71. Image acquisition device; 72. Imaging light source; 8. Control module; 81. Signal acquisition and controller; 9. Alarm module; 91. Alarm indicator light; 92. Working status indicator light. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0031] like Figures 1-2 and Figure 5As shown, the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 provided by the present invention includes an air inlet pipe 11, an upper compression pipe 12, an upper sheath air cylinder 13, a lower compression pipe 14, a lower sheath air cylinder 15, a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16, and a nozzle 17; an aerosol air inlet 111 is provided on the upper inner side of the air inlet pipe 11, an air inlet pipe flange 112 is provided on the middle outer side of the air inlet pipe 11, an air inlet pipe cone 113 is provided on the lower outer side of the air inlet pipe 11, and an air inlet straight channel 114 is provided on the inner side of the air inlet pipe 11, the air inlet straight channel 114 penetrating the air inlet pipe 11; an upper compression pipe cone hole 121 is provided on the upper inner side of the upper compression pipe 12, and an upper compressed air straight channel 126 is provided on the inner side of the upper compression pipe 12, the upper compressed air straight channel 126 being connected to the upper compression pipe cone hole 121; An upper compression pipe flange 122 is provided at the middle of the outer side of the upper compression pipe 12, and an upper compression pipe cone 123 is provided at the lower outer side of the upper compression pipe 12; the upper part of the upper sheath cylinder 13 is connected to the inlet pipe flange 112, and the lower part of the upper sheath cylinder 13 is connected to the upper compression pipe flange 122. The upper sheath cylinder 13, the lower outer side of the inlet pipe 11, and the upper outer side of the upper compression pipe 12 form an upper sheath chamber 131. An upper sheath air inlet 132 is provided on one side of the upper sheath chamber 131; the inlet pipe cone 113 extends into the upper compression pipe cone hole 121, and the side of the inlet pipe cone 113 and the side of the upper compression pipe cone hole 121 form an upper sheath air guide channel 124. The bottom surface of the inlet pipe cone 113 and the bottom surface of the upper compression pipe cone hole 121 form a primary mixing channel 125; The input end of the sheath gas guide channel 124 is connected to the output end of the upper sheath gas chamber 131. The output ends of the upper sheath gas guide channel 124 and the inlet straight channel 114 are both connected to the input end of the primary mixing channel 125. The output end of the primary mixing channel 125 is connected to the input end of the upper compressed gas straight channel 126. An upper flange 141 is provided on the upper outer side of the lower compression pipe 14. A tapered hole 142 is provided on the upper inner side of the lower compression pipe 14. A lower flange 143 is provided in the middle of the outer side of the lower compression pipe 14. A straight compressed gas channel 144 is provided on the inner side of the lower compression pipe 14, and the straight compressed gas channel 144 is connected to the tapered hole 142. A lower compression pipe cone 145 is provided on the lower outer side of the lower compression pipe 14. The lower part of the inner side of the converging tube 14 is provided with a lower compression tube inner hole 146, which is connected to the nozzle 17; the upper part of the lower sheath air cylinder 15 is connected to the upper compression tube flange 122, and the lower part of the lower sheath air cylinder 15 is connected to the lower compression tube upper flange 141; the lower sheath air cylinder 15, the lower outer side of the upper compression tube 12, and the upper outer side of the lower compression tube 14 form a lower sheath air chamber 151; a lower sheath air inlet 152 is provided on one side of the lower sheath air chamber 151; the upper compression tube cone 123 extends into the lower compression tube cone hole 142; the side of the upper compression tube cone 123 and the side of the lower compression tube cone hole 142 form a lower sheath air guide channel 147; the bottom surface of the upper compression tube cone 123 and the bottom surface of the lower compression tube cone hole 142 form a secondary mixing channel 148.The input end of the lower sheath gas guide channel 147 is connected to the output end of the lower sheath gas chamber 151. The output ends of the lower sheath gas guide channel 147 and the upper compressed gas straight channel 126 are both connected to the input end of the secondary mixing channel 148. The output end of the secondary mixing channel 148 is connected to the input end of the lower compressed gas straight channel 144. The upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16 is connected to the lower flange 143 of the lower compression pipe, forming a constraint gas chamber 161. A constraint gas inlet 162 is provided on one side of the upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16, and a conical structure 163 is provided in the middle of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16. The conical structure 163 and the side of the lower compression pipe cone 145 form a confining gas guide channel 164. A hollow cylinder 165 is provided at the lower part of the coaxial laminar flow confining sleeve 16. The inner side of the hollow cylinder 165 and the outer side of the nozzle 17 form a cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166, which connects to the confining gas guide channel 164. A nozzle airflow straight channel 171 is provided inside the nozzle 17, passing through the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166. The input end of the nozzle airflow straight channel 171 is connected to the output end of the lower compression gas straight channel 144. The inlet straight channel 114, primary mixing channel 125, upper compression gas straight channel 126, secondary mixing channel 148, lower compression gas straight channel 144, nozzle airflow straight channel 171, and cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166 are coaxially arranged.

[0032] The high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 generates an aerosol jet through an air inlet pipe 11, an upper compression pipe 12, an upper sheath air cylinder 13, a lower compression pipe 14, a lower sheath air cylinder 15, and a nozzle 17. A coaxial laminar flow constraint gas is generated through a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16. The entrainment behavior of the aerosol jet by the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas enveloping the aerosol jet causes the pressure difference between the laminar flow constraint gas and the aerosol jet to drive the tiny droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet to move into the jet interior. This effectively prevents the droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet from diffusing into the environment and improves the accuracy of the aerosol jet ejection by the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1. In this process, the aerosol gas flow enters the primary mixing channel 125 through the aerosol inlet 111 and the straight inlet channel 114 to form an aerosol jet. Upper sheath gas enters the primary mixing channel 125 through the upper sheath gas inlet 132, the upper sheath gas chamber 131, and the upper sheath gas guide channel 124. Within the primary mixing channel 125, the upper sheath gas performs primary mixing and radial compression on the aerosol jet. Lower sheath gas enters the secondary mixing channel 148 through the lower sheath gas inlet 152, the lower sheath gas chamber 151, and the lower sheath gas guide channel 147, where it performs secondary mixing and radial compression on the aerosol jet. The upper sheath gas guide channel 124 and the lower sheath gas guide channel 147 serve a guiding function, ensuring uniform mixing of the sheath gas and the aerosol jet within the primary mixing channel 125 and the secondary mixing channel 148, respectively, thus improving the radial compression of the aerosol. The aerosol jet, passing through both the upper compressed gas straight channel 126 and the lower compressed gas straight channel 144, maintains a laminar flow state, ensuring that the streamlines of the aerosol jet remain parallel during transmission. Two sheath gas compressions achieve precise compression and control of the aerosol jet. The confinement gas enters the confinement gas chamber 161 through the confinement gas inlet 162, passes through the confinement gas guide channel 164, and is ejected from the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166, forming a laminar confinement gas coaxial with the aerosol jet. At the outlet of the coaxial laminar confinement sleeve 16, the entrainment behavior of the coaxial laminar confinement gas enveloping the aerosol jet not only reduces the aerosol jet diameter but, more importantly, utilizes the pressure difference between the laminar confinement gas and the aerosol jet to cause the edge droplets of the aerosol jet to move inwards, blocking the diffusion of the aerosol jet into the environment and improving the concentration and precision of the aerosol jet. By coaxially arranging the air intake straight channel 114, the primary mixing channel 125, the upper compressed air straight channel 126, the secondary mixing channel 148, the lower compressed air straight channel 144, the nozzle airflow straight channel 171, and the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166, the aerosol airflow can maintain a laminar flow state throughout the entire process from entering the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 to being ejected. Through the entrainment effect of the sheath gas compression twice and the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas, a high-concentration fine aerosol jet is provided for direct writing printing high-definition patterns or structures.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, the present invention also provides a high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device including the above-mentioned high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1, comprising the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1, and an aerosol generation module 2, a gas delivery module 3, a printhead movement module 4, a printing platen 5, a drying and curing module 6, a monitoring module 7, a control module 8, and an alarm module 9; the aerosol generation module 2 is connected to the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 through the gas delivery module 3, the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 is connected to the printhead movement module 4, and the printing platen 5 is provided below the output end of the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1; the drying and curing module 6 and the monitoring module 7 are provided above the printing platen 5; the aerosol generation module 2, the gas delivery module 3, the printhead movement module 4, the printing platen 5, the drying and curing module 6, the monitoring module 7, and the alarm module 9 are all electrically connected to the control module 8.

[0034] This high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device integrates an aerosol generation module 2, a gas delivery module 3, a high-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle 1, a nozzle motion module 4, and a printing platform 5. By utilizing the synergistic effect of coaxial laminar flow confinement gas ejection barrier and multiple sheath gas mixing and compression, it achieves precise printing of high-definition patterns and structures, improving the clarity and resolution of printed patterns. The aerosol generation module 2 generates stable and uniformly sized micro- and nano-sized aerosol droplets, ensuring the stability and consistency of aerosol quality and effectively reducing the generation of large-diameter droplets. The gas delivery module 3 is responsible for stably delivering the aerosol from the aerosol generation module 2 to the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1. By adjusting the gas pressure and flow rate, it ensures the stability and uniformity of the aerosol during delivery, effectively preventing sedimentation and stratification, and ensuring the continuity and consistency of the aerosol jet during direct-write printing. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 achieves precise radial compression of the aerosol jet through multiple mixing and compression of sheath gas, and uses the entrainment effect of coaxial laminar flow confinement gas to suppress environmental interference on the aerosol jet, thereby printing clear and continuous high-definition patterns on the substrate 56. The printhead motion module 4 and the printing table 5 ensure the accuracy and flexibility of the printing path, guaranteeing the stability and efficiency of the direct-write printing process.

[0035] like Figures 3-4As shown, the aerosol generating module 2 includes a raw material supplier 21, an atomizing chamber 22, an atomizer 23, a negative pressure delivery pipe 24, and a first connecting pipe 25. The raw material supplier 21 has a raw material filling port 211 at its upper end, and its lower end is connected to the atomizing chamber 22 via the first connecting pipe 25. A filter 251 is installed inside the first connecting pipe 25, and a flow valve 252 is installed on the first connecting pipe 25. The atomizer 23 is installed at the bottom of the atomizing chamber 22, and an atomizing chamber outlet 221 is installed at the upper end of the atomizing chamber 22. The atomizer outlet 221 is connected to the mist inlet 241 located in the middle of the negative pressure conveying pipe 24. One end of the negative pressure conveying pipe 24 is provided with a negative pressure conveying pipe air inlet 243, which is connected to the gas conveying module 3 through a third connecting pipe 311. The other end of the negative pressure conveying pipe 24 is provided with a negative pressure conveying pipe air outlet 242, which is connected to the aerosol air inlet 111 through a second connecting pipe 310. The atomizer 23 and the flow valve 252 are electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller 81. The aerosol generating module 2 is conveniently fed through the raw material filling port 211 at the top of the raw material supplier 21. The filter 251 inside the first connecting pipe 25 can effectively intercept solid impurities. The flow valve 252 can control the raw material supply rate. The atomizer 23 at the bottom of the atomizing chamber 22 can efficiently convert the raw material into micro-nano-level atomized droplets. The negative pressure delivery pipe 24 connected to the outlet 221 of the atomizing chamber utilizes the Bernoulli fluid dynamics principle to draw in the atomized droplets through the inlet 241 of the negative pressure delivery pipe 24. The droplets are mixed with the carrier gas input through the air inlet 243 of the negative pressure delivery pipe to form a stable aerosol airflow. The airflow is output through the outlet 242 of the negative pressure delivery pipe and transported to the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 through the second connecting pipe 310, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the aerosol airflow.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the gas delivery module 3 includes an air pump 31, a buffer tank 32, a pressure gauge 33, a pressure regulating valve 34, a gas distribution pipe 35, a second connecting pipe 310, a third connecting pipe 311, a fourth connecting pipe 312, a fifth connecting pipe 313, a sixth connecting pipe 314, a seventh connecting pipe 315, an eighth connecting pipe 316, a first flow meter 36, a second flow meter 37, a third flow meter 38, and a fourth flow meter 39. The air pump 31 is connected to the buffer tank 32 via the fourth connecting pipe 312. The buffer tank 32 is equipped with a pressure gauge 33 and a pressure regulating valve 34. The buffer tank 32 is connected to the gas distribution pipe 35 via the fifth connecting pipe 313. 5 is connected to the air inlet 243 of the negative pressure delivery pipe via the third connecting pipe 311; the air distribution pipe 35 is connected to the upper sheath air inlet 132 via the sixth connecting pipe 314, and a second flow meter 37 is installed on the sixth connecting pipe 314; the air distribution pipe 35 is connected to the lower sheath air inlet 152 via the seventh connecting pipe 315, and a third flow meter 38 is installed on the seventh connecting pipe 315; the air distribution pipe 35 is connected to the constraint air inlet 162 via the eighth connecting pipe 316, and a fourth flow meter 39 is installed on the eighth connecting pipe 316; a first flow meter 36 is installed on the second connecting pipe 310; the air pump 31 is electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller 81.

[0037] The compressed gas generated by the air pump 31 of the gas delivery module 3 is input into the buffer tank 32. Through the pressure regulating valve 34 and the gas distribution pipe 35, the carrier gas, upper sheath gas, lower sheath gas and constraint gas are respectively delivered to the air inlet 243 of the negative pressure delivery pipe, the upper sheath gas inlet 132, the lower sheath gas inlet 152 and the constraint gas inlet 162. The gas flow rate is independently adjusted by the flow meter set on each connecting pipe to ensure the stability of the aerosol gas flow during the transmission process. The first flow meter 36 can effectively change the aerosol gas flow rate. The upper sheath gas flow rate is adjusted by the second flow meter 37 and the lower sheath gas flow rate is adjusted by the third flow meter 38, which can compress the aerosol jet twice, so that the printing line width is greatly reduced and the printing line width can be precisely controlled. The constraint gas flow rate is adjusted by the fourth flow meter 39 to realize the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas to wrap the aerosol jet, blocking the diffusion of the aerosol jet into the environment, and providing a high-concentration fine aerosol jet to solve the over-spraying problem of aerosol direct writing printing.

[0038] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the nozzle motion module 4 includes a first fixed base 41, a first X-axis linear motion stage 42, a Z-axis linear motion stage 43, and a nozzle mounting plate 44; the first fixed base 41 includes a first fixed bracket 411 and a second fixed bracket 412 arranged parallel to each other along the Z-axis direction, the first fixed bracket 411 and the second fixed bracket 412 are connected by a third fixed bracket 413 arranged along the X-axis direction, and the first X-axis linear motion stage 42 along the X-axis direction is provided on the third fixed bracket 413.

[0039] When the first X-axis linear motion stage 42 is running, the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead 1 can move along the X-axis direction, which facilitates printhead positioning, cleaning, maintenance and replacement. When the Z-axis linear motion stage 43 is running, it can drive the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead 1 to move along the Z-axis direction, thereby realizing the trajectory control of the aerosol direct writing printing device in the vertical direction. Combined with the high-concentration fine aerosol jet direct writing printing generated by the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead 1, the problem of blurred line edges caused by mechanical vibration or positioning deviation in traditional printing can be avoided, thereby improving the clarity and resolution of the printed pattern.

[0040] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the printing table 5 includes a second fixed base 51, a second X-axis linear motion stage 52, a Y-axis linear motion stage 53, a C-axis rotary stage 54, an A-axis rotary stage 55, and a printing substrate 56. The second fixed base 51 is provided with a second X-axis linear motion stage 52 that moves along the X-axis direction. The second X-axis linear motion stage 52 is provided with a Y-axis linear motion stage 53 that moves along the Y-axis direction. The Y-axis linear motion stage 53 is provided with a C-axis rotary stage 54 that rotates around the Y-axis direction. The C-axis rotary stage 54 is provided with an A-axis rotary stage 55 that rotates around the Y-axis normal direction. The A-axis rotary stage 55 is provided with a printing substrate 56.

[0041] The printing table 5 drives the printing substrate 56 to move along the X-axis and Y-axis directions via the second X-axis linear motion stage 52 and Y-axis linear motion stage 53 set on the second fixed base 51. The C-axis rotary stage 54 drives the printing substrate 56 to rotate around the Y-axis direction, and the A-axis rotary stage 55 drives the printing substrate 56 to rotate around the Y-axis normal direction. Through single-axis or multi-axis linkage, spatial pattern or structure direct writing printing is realized, thereby ensuring that the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 is always perpendicular to the printing substrate 56 during the direct writing printing process. This effectively avoids the problem of blurred line edges caused by displacement and direction errors caused by the spatial movement of the printing substrate 56, and improves the resolution and accuracy of the direct writing printed pattern or structure.

[0042] like Figure 7As shown, the drying and curing module 6 uses one or more of the following methods: air blowing, electric heating, and light irradiation. The drying and curing module 6 includes a drying and curing unit 60, which can be one or more of a continuous light curing unit, a flash drying and curing unit, a laser curing unit, a UV curing unit, and a thermal curing unit, preferably a laser curing unit. The drying and curing unit 60 is mounted on a support column 61, which is located on one side of the second fixed base 51. The output end of the drying and curing unit 60 is located above the printing substrate 56. The drying and curing unit 60 is electrically connected to a signal acquisition and controller 81. This allows for instant and efficient drying and curing of the printed pattern, effectively avoiding problems such as pattern deformation and satellite droplet residue caused by slow drying or environmental factors after aerosol deposition, ensuring sharp edges and high-resolution characteristics of the direct-write printed pattern or structure.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, monitoring module 7 includes an image acquisition unit 71 and an imaging light source 72, both mounted on the support column 61 and electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller 81. Control module 8 includes a signal acquisition and controller 81 and a computer 20, with the signal acquisition and controller 81 electrically connected to the computer 20. The imaging light source 72 provides stable and uniform illumination for the image acquisition unit 71, ensuring clear images. The image acquisition unit 71 transmits the real-time acquired images to the signal acquisition and controller 81. The computer 20 in control module 8 monitors the aerosol direct-write printing process by acquiring data and images from the aerosol generation module 2, gas delivery module 3, nozzle movement module 4, printing platform 5, drying and curing module 6, and the image acquisition unit 71. It adjusts the direct-write printing process parameters in real time, such as the gas flow rate, drying and curing time, and the movement parameters of the printing platform 5, forming a closed-loop control to improve the resolution and product quality stability of the direct-write printed images or structures. The alarm module 9 can immediately trigger an alarm when it detects printing abnormalities or substandard quality, prompting timely intervention, preventing the production of defective products, and improving the stability, reliability, and production efficiency of the equipment.

[0044] The working process of the high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device provided in this invention is as follows: First, select appropriate functional ink and printing substrate according to application requirements, and fix the printing substrate on the printing base plate 56 to ensure that the printing substrate does not shift during the printing process. Start the aerosol generation module 2, adding functional ink to the raw material supply unit 21 through the raw material inlet 211. Impurities are filtered by the filter 251, and the flow rate of the functional ink entering the atomization chamber 22 is controlled by the flow valve 252. The atomizer 23 at the bottom of the atomization chamber 22 efficiently atomizes the functional ink into micro-nano-sized atomized droplets. Start the gas delivery module 3, with the air pump 31 stably generating compressed gas. The compressed gas is input into the buffer tank 32 through the fourth connecting pipe 312, where it stores the compressed gas and eliminates pressure fluctuations. The pressure gauge 33 displays the compressed gas pressure in real time. By adjusting the pressure regulating valve 34, the buffer tank 32 outputs compressed gas at a stable pressure. The compressed gas then passes through the fifth connecting pipe... After being input into the gas distribution pipe 35, the gas flow is divided into four streams: carrier gas, upper sheath gas, lower sheath gas, and confinement gas. The carrier gas is input into the air inlet 243 of the negative pressure delivery pipe through the third connecting pipe 311. The negative pressure delivery pipe 24 generates negative pressure at the outlet 221 of the atomizing chamber connected to it, which draws in the atomized droplets through the mist inlet 241. The atomized droplets and the carrier gas mix in the negative pressure delivery pipe 24 to form a stable aerosol airflow. The aerosol airflow is input from the outlet 242 of the negative pressure delivery pipe through the second connecting pipe 310 into the aerosol air inlet 111 of the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1. The flow rate of the aerosol airflow is adjusted by the first flow meter 36 to ensure the uniformity and stability of the aerosol airflow delivered to the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1. The upper sheath gas is input into the upper sheath gas chamber 131 of the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 via the sixth connecting pipe 314, the lower sheath gas is input into the lower sheath gas chamber 151 of the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1 via the seventh connecting pipe 315, and the laminar confinement gas is input into the confinement gas chamber 161 via the eighth connecting pipe 316. At the same time, the input rates of the upper sheath gas, lower sheath gas and laminar confinement gas can be controlled by adjusting the second flow meter 37, the third flow meter 38 and the fourth flow meter 39, respectively.

[0045] Inside the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle 1, the aerosol airflow enters the primary mixing channel 125 from the aerosol air inlet 111 through the air inlet straight channel 114, and mixes with the upper sheath air input from the upper sheath air chamber 131 through the upper sheath air guide channel 124. The upper sheath air performs the first radial compression on the aerosol airflow, forming a compressed aerosol jet, and the cross-sectional radius of the aerosol jet decreases. The compressed aerosol jet then enters the secondary mixing channel 148 through the upper compressed gas straight channel 126, where it mixes with the lower sheath gas input from the lower sheath gas chamber 151 through the lower sheath gas guide channel 147. The lower sheath gas further compresses the compressed aerosol jet, reducing its radius. The aerosol jet, after being compressed twice, enters the lower compressed gas straight channel 144 and is ejected through the nozzle airflow straight channel 171. Simultaneously, the constraint gas in the constraint gas chamber 161 is rectified through the constraint gas guide channel 164 and the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel 166 and ejected, forming an aerosol jet wrapped by the coaxial laminar flow constraint gas at the outlet of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16. At the outlet of the coaxial laminar flow confinement sleeve 16, the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas and the aerosol jet undergo an entrainment behavior. The pressure difference between the coaxial laminar flow confinement gas and the aerosol jet causes the microdroplets at the edge of the aerosol jet to move into the interior of the aerosol jet, blocking the influence of the ambient gas on the aerosol jet, avoiding the problem of aerosol microdroplet dispersion, increasing the concentration of the aerosol jet, improving the clarity of the pattern or structure deposited on the printing substrate, and effectively suppressing problems such as satellite droplets and overspray.

[0046] During the direct-write printing process, the first X-axis linear motion stage 42 and Z-axis linear motion stage 43 in the printhead motion module 4 drive the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 for positioning. At the same time, the second X-axis linear motion stage 52, Y-axis linear motion stage 53, C-axis rotary stage 54, and A-axis rotary stage 55 in the printing table 5 drive the printing substrate 56 to achieve spatial curve motion through single-axis or multi-axis respectively. Through the coordination of the printhead motion module 4 and the printing table 5 by the signal acquisition and controller 81, the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 is always perpendicular to the printing substrate 56, and the distance between the high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead 1 and the printing substrate remains constant during the direct-write printing process. This makes the direct-write printed pattern uniform and consistent, thereby realizing the direct-write printing of spatial patterns or structures. The stability and positional accuracy of the printing substrate 56 during the direct-write printing process effectively avoid the problem of pattern or structure blurring caused by the displacement error of the printing substrate, and improve the resolution and accuracy of the direct-write printing.

[0047] Simultaneously, the drying and curing unit 60 emits a high-intensity energy beam to instantly, rapidly, and efficiently dry and cure the direct-write printed pattern or structure in situ. At the same time, the image acquisition unit 71 of the monitoring module 7 uses the light from the imaging light source 72 to acquire images of the direct-write printed pattern and its drying and curing process in real time, and transmits them to the signal acquisition and controller 81. The computer 20 in the control module 8 dynamically adjusts the direct-write printing process parameters, such as the gas flow rate, drying and curing time, and motion parameters of the printing platform 5, in real time by acquiring data and images from the aerosol generation module 2, gas delivery module 3, nozzle movement module 4, printing platen 5, drying and curing module 6, and the image acquisition unit 71. Closed-loop control avoids line blurring caused by monitoring lag during the direct-write printing process, thereby improving the resolution and product quality stability of the direct-write printing.

[0048] When all the above modules are in normal working condition, the working status indicator 92 of the alarm module 9 remains constantly lit. When a module is in an abnormal working condition, the signal acquisition and controller 81 acquires the abnormal feedback signal and drives the alarm indicator 91 to start the alarm.

[0049] In summary, this high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device integrates a high-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle 1, an aerosol generation module 2, a gas delivery module 3, a nozzle motion module 4, a printing platform 5, a drying and curing module 6, a monitoring module 7, a control module 8, and an alarm module 9, forming a complete high-definition aerosol direct-write printing system. The high-definition aerosol direct-write nozzle 1 utilizes the synergistic effect of coaxial laminar confinement gas to promote the movement of droplets at the edge of the aerosol jet into the jet and the double compression of the sheath gas to achieve high-concentration and precise control of the aerosol jet, effectively suppressing the divergence problem of satellite droplets. Simultaneously, the coordinated spatial curve motion of the nozzle motion module 4 and the multi-axis motion printing platform 5 ensures the accuracy and stability of the direct-write printing path. The drying and curing module 6 rapidly and efficiently dries and cures the directly-written pattern or structure in situ, ultimately forming a high-definition pattern or structure with high definition and high resolution on the printing substrate. This technology utilizes a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve 16 to generate a high-concentration fine aerosol jet to achieve high-definition image or structure direct writing printing. It has the advantages of low cost, high stability and simple application. It avoids the problems of blurry printed patterns and insufficient resolution caused by the overspray phenomenon of aerosol jet droplet dispersion in other aerosol printing technologies, or the unstable printing quality caused by high equipment cost and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, which makes it difficult to apply in practice.

Claims

1. A high-definition aerosol direct-write printhead, characterized in that: It includes an air inlet pipe (11), an upper compression pipe (12), an upper sheath air cylinder (13), a lower compression pipe (14), a lower sheath air cylinder (15), a coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve (16), and a nozzle (17). An aerosol inlet (111) is provided on the upper inner side of the air inlet pipe (11), an air inlet flange (112) is provided on the middle outer side of the air inlet pipe (11), an air inlet cone (113) is provided on the lower outer side of the air inlet pipe (11), and an air inlet straight channel (114) is provided on the inner side of the air inlet pipe (11), the air inlet straight channel (114) penetrates the air inlet pipe (11). The upper compression tube (12) has an upper compression tube conical hole (121) on its upper inner side, and an upper compressed air straight channel (126) is provided on the inner side of the upper compression tube (12), which is connected to the upper compression tube conical hole (121); the upper compression tube (122) is provided in the middle of the outer side of the upper compression tube (12), and an upper compression tube truncated cone (123) is provided in the lower outer side of the upper compression tube (12); The upper part of the upper sheath cylinder (13) is connected to the flange (112) of the air inlet pipe, and the lower part of the upper sheath cylinder (13) is connected to the flange (122) of the upper compression pipe. The upper sheath cylinder (13), the lower outer side of the air inlet pipe (11), and the upper outer side of the upper compression pipe (12) form an upper sheath chamber (131). An upper sheath air inlet (132) is provided on one side of the upper sheath chamber (131). The intake pipe cone (113) extends into the upper compression pipe cone (121). The side of the intake pipe cone (113) and the side of the upper compression pipe cone (121) form an upper sheath gas guide channel (124). The bottom surface of the intake pipe cone (113) and the bottom surface of the upper compression pipe cone (121) form a primary mixing channel (125). The input end of the upper sheath gas guide channel (124) is connected to the output end of the upper sheath gas chamber (131). The output end of the upper sheath gas guide channel (124) and the output end of the intake straight channel (114) are both connected to the input end of the primary mixing channel (125). The output end of the primary mixing channel (125) is connected to the input end of the upper compression gas straight channel (126). The lower compression pipe (14) is provided with an upper flange (141) on the outer upper part, a lower compression pipe cone hole (142) on the inner upper part, a lower compression pipe lower flange (143) on the outer middle part, a lower compression pipe straight channel (144) on the inner side of the lower compression pipe (14), the lower compression pipe straight channel (144) is connected to the lower compression pipe cone hole (142), a lower compression pipe cone (145) is provided on the lower outer side of the lower compression pipe (14), a lower compression pipe lower inner hole (146) is provided on the lower inner lower part of the lower compression pipe (14), and the lower compression pipe lower inner hole (146) is connected to the nozzle (17). The upper part of the lower sheath air cylinder (15) is connected to the flange (122) of the upper compression pipe, and the lower part of the lower sheath air cylinder (15) is connected to the upper flange (141) of the lower compression pipe. The lower sheath air cylinder (15), the lower outer side of the upper compression pipe (12), and the upper outer side of the lower compression pipe (14) form a lower sheath air chamber (151). A lower sheath air inlet (152) is provided on one side of the lower sheath air chamber (151). The upper compression tube cone (123) extends into the lower compression tube cone (142). The side of the upper compression tube cone (123) and the side of the lower compression tube cone (142) form a lower sheath gas guide channel (147). The bottom surface of the upper compression tube cone (123) and the bottom surface of the lower compression tube cone (142) form a secondary mixing channel (148). The input end of the lower sheath gas guide channel (147) is connected to the output end of the lower sheath gas chamber (151). The output end of the lower sheath gas guide channel (147) and the output end of the upper compression gas straight channel (126) are both connected to the input end of the secondary mixing channel (148). The output end of the secondary mixing channel (148) is connected to the input end of the lower compression gas straight channel (144). The upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve (16) is connected to the lower flange (143) of the lower compression pipe, forming a constraint air chamber (161). A constraint air inlet (162) is provided on one side of the upper part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve (16). A conical structure (163) is provided in the middle of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve (16). The conical structure (163) and the side of the lower compression pipe cone (145) form a constraint air guide channel (164). A hollow cylinder (165) is provided at the lower part of the coaxial laminar flow constraint sleeve (16). The inner side of the hollow cylinder (165) and the outer side of the nozzle (17) form a cylindrical laminar flow straight channel (166). The cylindrical laminar flow straight channel (166) is connected to the constraint air guide channel (164). The nozzle (17) is provided with a nozzle airflow straight channel (171), which passes through the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel (166). The input end of the nozzle airflow straight channel (171) is connected to the output end of the lower compressed air straight channel (144). The intake straight channel (114), the primary mixing channel (125), the upper compressed air straight channel (126), the secondary mixing channel (148), the lower compressed air straight channel (144), the nozzle airflow straight channel (171), and the cylindrical laminar flow straight channel (166) are coaxially arranged.

2. A high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device, characterized in that, It includes the high-definition aerosol direct writing printhead (1) as described in claim 1, as well as an aerosol generation module (2), a gas delivery module (3), a printhead movement module (4), a printing plate (5), a drying and curing module (6), a monitoring module (7), a control module (8), and an alarm module (9); The aerosol generating module (2) is connected to the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle (1) through the gas delivery module (3). The high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle (1) is connected to the nozzle motion module (4). A printing platform (5) is provided below the output end of the high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle (1). The drying and curing module (6) and the monitoring module (7) are located above the printing platform (5). The aerosol generating module (2), the gas delivery module (3), the nozzle movement module (4), the printing table (5), the drying and curing module (6), the monitoring module (7), and the alarm module (9) are all electrically connected to the control module (8).

3. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aerosol generating module (2) includes a raw material supplier (21), an atomizing chamber (22), an atomizer (23), a negative pressure delivery pipe (24), and a first connecting pipe (25). The raw material supplier (21) is provided with a raw material filling port (211) at the upper end, and the raw material supplier (21) is connected to the atomizing chamber (22) at the lower end through a first connecting pipe (25). A filter (251) is provided inside the first connecting pipe (25), and a flow valve (252) is provided on the first connecting pipe (25). The atomizing chamber (22) is equipped with an atomizer (23) at the bottom and an atomizing chamber outlet (221) at the top. The atomizing chamber outlet (221) is connected to the mist inlet (241) in the middle of the negative pressure conveying pipe (24). One end of the negative pressure conveying pipe (24) is equipped with a negative pressure conveying pipe air inlet (243), which is connected to the gas conveying module (3) through a third connecting pipe (311). The other end of the negative pressure conveying pipe (24) is equipped with a negative pressure conveying pipe air outlet (242). The negative pressure conveying pipe air outlet (242) is connected to the aerosol air inlet (111) through a second connecting pipe (310). The atomizer (23) and the flow valve (252) are both electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller (81).

4. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas delivery module (3) includes a gas pump (31), a buffer tank (32), a pressure gauge (33), a pressure regulating valve (34), a gas distribution pipe (35), a second connecting pipe (310), a third connecting pipe (311), a fourth connecting pipe (312), a fifth connecting pipe (313), a sixth connecting pipe (314), a seventh connecting pipe (315), an eighth connecting pipe (316), a first flow meter (36), a second flow meter (37), a third flow meter (38), and a fourth flow meter (39). The air pump (31) is connected to the buffer tank (32) via the fourth connecting pipe (312). The buffer tank (32) is equipped with the pressure gauge (33) and the pressure regulating valve (34). The buffer tank (32) is connected to the air distribution pipe (35) via the fifth connecting pipe (313). The air distribution pipe (35) is connected to the negative pressure delivery pipe inlet (243) via the third connecting pipe (311). The air distribution pipe (35) is connected to the upper sheath air inlet (132) via the sixth connecting pipe (314). The sixth connecting pipe (314) is equipped with... The second flow meter (37); the gas distribution pipe (35) is connected to the lower sheath gas inlet (152) through the seventh connecting pipe (315), and the third flow meter (38) is provided on the seventh connecting pipe (315); the gas distribution pipe (35) is connected to the constraint gas inlet (162) through the eighth connecting pipe (316), and the fourth flow meter (39) is provided on the eighth connecting pipe (316); the first flow meter (36) is provided on the second connecting pipe (310); the air pump (31) is electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller (81).

5. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle motion module (4) includes a first fixed base (41), a first X-axis linear motion stage (42), a Z-axis linear motion stage (43), and a nozzle mounting plate (44). The first fixed base (41) is provided with a first X-axis linear motion stage (42) that moves along the X-axis direction, and the first X-axis linear motion stage (42) is provided with a Z-axis linear motion stage (43) that moves along the Z-axis direction. The high-definition aerosol direct writing nozzle (1) is connected to the Z-axis linear motion stage (43) through the nozzle mounting plate (44).

6. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The printing table (5) includes a second fixed base (51), a second X-axis linear motion stage (52), a Y-axis linear motion stage (53), a C-axis rotary stage (54), an A-axis rotary stage (55), and a printing substrate (56). The second fixed base (51) is provided with a second X-axis linear motion stage (52) that moves along the X-axis direction, the second X-axis linear motion stage (52) is provided with a Y-axis linear motion stage (53) that moves along the Y-axis direction, the Y-axis linear motion stage (53) is provided with a C-axis rotary stage (54) that rotates around the Y-axis direction, the C-axis rotary stage (54) is provided with an A-axis rotary stage (55) that rotates around the Y-axis normal direction, and the A-axis rotary stage (55) is provided with a substrate (56).

7. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drying and curing module (6) is dried and cured by one or more of the following methods: air blowing, electric heating, and light irradiation; the drying and curing module (6) includes a drying and curing unit (60), which is one or more of the following: continuous light curing unit, flash drying and curing unit, laser curing unit, UV curing unit, and thermal curing unit.

8. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drying and curing unit (60) is mounted on the support column (61), which is located on one side of the second fixed base (51). The output end of the drying and curing unit (60) is located above the substrate (56). The drying and curing unit (60) is electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller (81).

9. The high-definition aerosol direct-write printing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring module (7) includes an image acquisition device (71) and a shooting light source (72). The image acquisition device (71) and the shooting light source (72) are both mounted on a support column (61). The image acquisition device (71) and the shooting light source (72) are both electrically connected to a signal acquisition and controller (81). The control module (8) includes a signal acquisition and controller (81) and a computer (20), wherein the signal acquisition and controller (81) is electrically connected to the computer (20); The alarm module (9) includes an alarm indicator light (91) and a working status indicator light (92), both of which are electrically connected to the signal acquisition and controller (81).

Images