A dynamic shunting and discharging device and method for a TBM continuous belt machine

Abstract

The application discloses a TBM continuous belt machine dynamic shunting and discharging device and method, relates to the conveying and discharging technical field, and comprises a continuous conveying mechanism, a discharging mechanism, a material distributing mechanism and a driving mechanism.The continuous conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt and a transition support assembly, and the transition support assembly is used for changing the conveying track of the conveying belt, so that the conveying belt is adapted to the working posture of the discharging mechanism.The continuous conveying mechanism can change the conveying path of the conveying belt at the corresponding position while the discharging mechanism performs the pushing work, so as to match the inclined conveying posture of the discharging mechanism, eliminate the interference resistance possibly caused by the rigid contact, ensure the smoothness of the material in the peeling moment, and effectively prevent the accumulation, jamming or splashing of the material at the boundary by adjusting the track of the conveying belt to adapt to the angle of the discharging mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of conveying and unloading technology, and in particular to a dynamic diversion and unloading device and method for a TBM continuous belt conveyor. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunnels in mines, it is often difficult to synchronize excavation, muck removal, and backfilling operations. When the tunnel cross-section is small and the excavation distance is long, using traditional mining transport vehicles to shuttle back and forth between the muck removal area and the backfilling area can easily lead to frequent passing between vehicles within the tunnel, interference from overlapping operations, and excessive consumption of vehicles and manpower. Therefore, using continuous belt conveyors in conjunction with mid-course diversion and unloading devices to achieve online separation and directional transportation of muck and backfill materials has become an important technical direction for improving the efficiency of TBM tunnel construction.

[0003] Currently, continuous belt conveyor unloading devices mainly adopt a plow-type unloader structure. For example, patent application CN120987001A discloses a plow-type unloader, which achieves lateral stripping of materials through rigid contact between the unloading mechanism and the conveyor belt. This type of device is relatively mature in conventional bulk material conveying scenarios such as mines and ports.

[0004] However, directly applying the aforementioned unloading device to TBM tunnel construction scenarios presents the following technical drawbacks: First, the space within the tunnel is limited, and the continuous belt conveyor needs to operate continuously for extended periods in a narrow, high-frequency vibration environment. Existing unloading mechanisms and conveyor belts often employ a rigid fit. Under heavy loads and vibration coupling, significant frictional resistance and motion interference easily arise between the unloading components and the conveyor belt, causing material to accumulate, jam, or even splash during the stripping process, severely impacting operational safety and slag removal efficiency within the tunnel. Second, existing unloading devices are mostly fixed installations, unable to dynamically engage and disengage the unloading and distribution mechanisms based on the material conveying status. In sections where diversion is not required, the unloading mechanism remains in contact with the conveyor belt, resulting in unnecessary belt wear and energy loss. Therefore, this invention proposes a dynamic diversion unloading device and method for TBM continuous belt conveyors to meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a dynamic diversion and unloading device and method for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, comprising:

[0007] A continuous conveying mechanism, comprising a conveyor belt and a transition support assembly, wherein the transition support assembly is used to change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt so that the conveyor belt adapts to the working posture of the unloading mechanism;

[0008] The unloading mechanism is used to push the material on the conveyor belt laterally away from the conveyor belt. The unloading mechanism includes a sleeve rod and several rotary pusher blades. The sleeve rod is located in the upper region of the conveying track of the transition support assembly, and the sleeve rod is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the direction of conveying material on the conveyor belt. The rotary pusher blades are coaxially fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod, and the spiral surface of the rotary pusher blades can abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt and can rotate with the sleeve rod to generate a thrust acting on the material.

[0009] The material distribution mechanism is used to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt. The material distribution mechanism includes a protective shell, and a plurality of inclined guide vanes are provided inside the protective shell. The guide vanes are used to guide airflow to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt.

[0010] The driving mechanism is used to drive the sleeve to rotate and also to drive the unloading mechanism and the distributing mechanism to move closer to or away from the continuous conveying mechanism.

[0011] The driving mechanism includes a first load-bearing frame, a drive motor is provided at the upper end of the first load-bearing frame, a transmission box is provided on one side of the drive motor, and a flexible connector is provided at the output end of the transmission box. The flexible connector is connected to the transmission rod. A hydraulic rod is provided on one side of the drive motor.

[0012] The drive mechanism further includes a second support frame. One end of the hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the second support frame. A power transmission component is provided at the upper end of the second support frame. One end of the transmission rod is connected to the input end of the power transmission component. Shafts are provided on both sides of the power transmission component. A power transmission box is provided on both sides of the second support frame. The two power transmission boxes are inclined in opposite directions. One end of each of the two shafts is connected to the corresponding power transmission box.

[0013] The unloading mechanism further includes an output shaft, which is rotatably mounted between two power delivery boxes. The sleeve is fitted onto the outer surface of the output shaft, and a metal patch is provided on one side of the outer surface of the rotary pusher blade. The metal patch is used to enhance the wear resistance of the rotary pusher blade.

[0014] The continuous conveying mechanism further includes a first support frame, on one side of the upper end of the first support frame are a plurality of V-shaped rollers, and on one side of the first support frame are a flat rollers, and the conveyor belt is conveyed by adhering to the outer surface of the V-shaped rollers and the flat rollers.

[0015] The transition support assembly includes a transition ramp, which provides a smooth, gradually changing support surface for the conveyor belt. Support plates are provided on both sides of the transition ramp, and the support plates are fixedly installed on the upper end of the first support frame.

[0016] The transition inclined plate is made of elastic metal sheet, and a vibration generating device is provided on one side of the outer surface of the transition inclined plate. The vibration generating device is used to change the distribution of material on the surface of the conveyor belt through vibration.

[0017] The material distribution mechanism further includes a second support frame, which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second load-bearing frame. A push plate is provided on one side of the second support frame, and a bottom contact plate is provided at the bottom of the push plate, which is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt.

[0018] The protective shell is equipped with an air supply pipe inside, which is inclined and used to blow the material removed by the protective shell away from the surface of the conveyor belt.

[0019] The transition inclined plate has a U-shaped cross-section, and the opening angle of the U-shape gradually increases along the conveying direction to form a gradually expanding guide channel, which is used to change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt.

[0020] The present invention also provides a dynamic diversion and unloading method for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0021] Step 1: When the material on the conveyor belt needs to be split midway, start the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism pushes the unloading mechanism to the working area above the conveyor belt. Since the unloading mechanism is arranged at an inclined angle, it can resist and push larger particles on the conveyor belt during rotation, causing them to leave the conveying track and fall from one side of the conveyor belt into the distribution bin below.

[0022] Step 2: While the unloading mechanism is performing the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism changes the conveying path of the conveyor belt at the corresponding position to match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism and ensure smooth material stripping.

[0023] Step 3: As the unloading mechanism moves, the material distribution mechanism moves synchronously, so that its bottom is in contact with the surface of the conveyor belt. Then, the material distribution mechanism sprays airflow onto the surface of the conveyor belt, blowing off the residual fine materials attached to the surface of the conveyor belt and guiding them into the material distribution bin.

[0024] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. In this invention, while the unloading mechanism is performing the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism can change the conveying path of the conveyor belt at the corresponding position to match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism. This eliminates the interference resistance that may be generated by rigid contact, ensures the smoothness of the material at the moment of peeling, and effectively prevents the accumulation, jamming or splashing of materials at the dividing point by adjusting the trajectory of the conveyor belt to adapt to the angle of the unloading mechanism.

[0026] 2. The present invention utilizes a unique structure in which two power conveyor boxes are arranged in opposite directions at an inclination. This structure not only gives the unloading mechanism a specific tilting working posture to optimize the material pushing angle, but also allows its bottom to fit tightly or moderately abut against the surface of the conveyor belt according to the actual working conditions of the conveyor belt. This active fitting mechanism ensures that there is no material leakage or residue during the pushing of large particles and the blowing of fine materials, and avoids damage to the conveyor belt due to excessive rigid contact.

[0027] 3. After the unloading mechanism completes the coarse material separation, the present invention uses a bottom plate to contact the belt surface to generate relative shear force under the movement of the conveyor belt, which performs the first physical scraping and cleaning of the attached material for small particles remaining on the surface of the conveyor belt. At the same time, the air supply pipe continuously injects airflow into the protective shell. After being precisely guided by the inclined guide plate, the airflow forms a high-speed directional air curtain that blows towards the contact area between the bottom plate and the conveyor belt. Under the guidance of the specific tilt angle of the guide plate, the high-speed airflow not only quickly blows the accumulated material scraped off by the bottom plate away from the belt surface, preventing it from re-adhering or falling back, but also makes up for the shortcomings of simple mechanical scraping that easily causes material accumulation and blockage, and avoids the defect that simple airflow sweeping is difficult to remove stubborn adhering materials, thus significantly improving the cleanliness of the conveyor belt surface.

[0028] 4. In this invention, after the vibration generating device completes the material distribution adjustment, the power conveyor box drives the output shaft to rotate, causing the sleeve rod and the rotary pusher blades to rotate synchronously. The output shaft is inclined and mounted above the transition inclined plate. This spatial arrangement allows the helical surface of the rotary pusher blades to closely abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt. With the rotational motion, the rotary pusher blades generate a strong axial thrust along the conveyor belt's conveying path, precisely applying this thrust to large particles, forcibly separating them from the main conveying flow and pushing them into the distribution bin. In addition, for high-intensity friction conditions, the design incorporates metal patches at key contact points to prevent excessive wear of the rotary pusher blades during continuous contact with hard materials. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A first-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the dynamic diversion and unloading device for a continuous TBM belt conveyor;

[0031] Figure 2 A second-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the dynamic diversion and unloading device for a continuous TBM belt conveyor;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the continuous conveying mechanism;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional connection structure of a continuous conveying mechanism;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the transition inclined plate;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the drive mechanism and the unloading mechanism;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the drive mechanism;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional connection structure of the drive mechanism;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the second load-bearing frame and the unloading mechanism;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the unloading mechanism;

[0040] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the metal patch and the rotary blade;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure of the material distribution mechanism;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional connection structure of the material distribution mechanism;

[0043] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional connection structure between the guide vane and the protective shell;

[0044] Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the three-dimensional connection structure of the material distribution mechanism.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Continuous conveying mechanism; 11. Conveyor belt; 12. First support frame; 13. V-shaped roller; 14. Flat roller; 15. Transition inclined plate; 16. Support plate; 17. Vibration generator; 2. Unloading mechanism; 21. Output shaft; 22. Sleeve rod; 23. Rotary pusher blade; 24. Metal patch; 3. Material distribution mechanism; 31. Second support frame; 32. Push plate; 33. Bottom contact plate; 34. Air supply pipe; 35. Protective shell; 36. Guide vane; 4. Drive mechanism; 41. First load-bearing frame; 42. Drive motor; 43. Transmission box; 44. Flexible connector; 45. Hydraulic rod; 46. Transmission rod; 48. Second load-bearing frame; 49. Power transmission component; 411. Shaft; 412. Power transmission box. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example 1, Reference Figures 1 to 15 The TBM continuous belt conveyor dynamic diversion and unloading device shown includes:

[0048] The continuous conveying mechanism 1 includes a conveyor belt 11 and a transition support assembly. The transition support assembly is used to change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt 11 so that the conveyor belt 11 can adapt to the working posture of the unloading mechanism. The transition support assembly includes a transition inclined plate 15, which is used to provide a smooth and gradually changing support surface for the conveyor belt 11 so that the rotary pusher blades 23 of the unloading mechanism 2 can effectively contact and push the material.

[0049] The unloading mechanism 2 is used to push the material on the conveyor belt 11 laterally away from the conveyor belt 11. The unloading mechanism 2 includes a sleeve rod 22 and several rotary pusher blades 23. The sleeve rod 22 is located in the upper region of the transition inclined plate 15 and the conveying track of the conveyor belt 11, and the sleeve rod 22 is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the direction of conveying material on the conveyor belt 11. The rotary pusher blades 23 are coaxially fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod 22, and the spiral surface of the rotary pusher blades 23 can abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt 11 and can rotate with the sleeve rod 22 to generate a thrust acting on the material. One component of the thrust is in the same direction as the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11.

[0050] The material distribution mechanism 3 is used to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt 11. The material distribution mechanism 3 includes a protective shell 35. The protective shell 35 is provided with a plurality of inclined guide vanes 36. The guide vanes 36 are used to guide airflow to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0051] The drive mechanism 4 and the unloading mechanism 2 are rotatably mounted on the drive mechanism 4. The drive mechanism 4 is used to drive the sleeve rod 22 to rotate. The drive mechanism 4 is also used to drive the unloading mechanism 2 and the material distribution mechanism 3 to approach or move away from the continuous conveying mechanism 1.

[0052] It is worth noting that when intermediate material distribution is not required, the unloading mechanism 2 is relatively far away from the conveyor belt 11, that is, the rotary pusher blades 23 of the unloading mechanism 2 do not contact the conveyor belt 11. When the material on the conveyor belt 11 needs to be distributed intermediately, the drive mechanism 4 is activated. The drive mechanism 4 pushes the unloading mechanism 2 to move closer to the conveyor belt 11, that is, it moves the unloading mechanism 2 to the working area above the conveyor belt 11. Since the unloading mechanism 2 is arranged at an inclined angle, the unloading mechanism 2 can resist and push the larger particles on the conveyor belt 11 during rotation, so that they are removed from the conveying track and fall from one side of the conveyor belt 11 into the distribution bin below.

[0053] Among them, because the unloading mechanism 2 adopts a unique inclined angle arrangement, it can actively resist and push the larger particles on the conveyor belt 11 during rotation, and use mechanical thrust to force the large particles to leave the original conveying track, so that they fall accurately into the distribution bin below.

[0054] It should be noted that the inclined arrangement of the sleeve 22 causes the rotating pusher blade 23 to generate two component forces when rotating: a force perpendicular to the conveying direction pushes the material to the side, and a force parallel to the conveying direction pushes the material along the conveying direction. This results in a longer contact path between the rotating pusher blade and the conveyor belt 11, leading to smoother and more thorough material pushing. Specifically, the projection of the axis of the sleeve 22 in the horizontal plane forms an acute angle with the conveying direction of the conveyor belt 11, for example, 15°~45°, preferably 30°. See [link to details]. Figure 9 If the angle is too small, the component force perpendicular to the conveying direction generated by the rotary blades 23 will be too small, making it difficult to effectively peel off large particles; if the angle is too large, the component force parallel to the conveying direction generated by the rotary blades 23 will be too small, and the material will easily get stuck during the peeling process. When the included angle is 30°, the force distribution is most balanced, and the material peeling effect is optimal.

[0055] While the unloading mechanism 2 is performing the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism 1 actively changes the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11 at the corresponding position to match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism 2 and ensure smooth material stripping.

[0056] In this design, while the unloading mechanism 2 performs the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism 1 can actively change the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11 at the corresponding position to perfectly match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism 2. This eliminates the interference resistance that may be caused by rigid contact, ensuring the smoothness of the material during the peeling process. By adjusting the trajectory of the conveyor belt 11 to adapt to the angle of the unloading mechanism 2, it effectively prevents the accumulation, jamming, or splashing of materials at the boundary. Specifically, the transition inclined plate 15 guides the conveyor belt 11 from a V-shaped groove to a gradually expanding U-shaped or flat shape. The ingenuity of this design lies in its coordination with the unloading mechanism 2: First, it creates clearance space: when the conveyor belt 11 changes from a V-shape to a near-flat shape at the transition inclined plate 15, the originally raised edges on both sides of the belt will be lowered or flattened. This provides an interference-free working space for the inclined unloading mechanism 2. If the belt is still a deep V-shape, the inclined rotary pusher blades may hit the edge of the belt or fail to effectively contact the material on the belt surface. Second, it changes the force on the material: in the V-shaped section, the material is concentrated at the bottom of the groove. When the conveyor belt 11 flattens on the transition ramp 15, the material will naturally spread out in all directions. Combined with the axial thrust of the unloading mechanism 2 and the vibration generator 17, this change in shape helps to break the tight adhesion between the material and the belt, making it easier for large particles to be separated by the rotary blades 23. This application actively adapts to the inclined operating posture of the unloading mechanism 2 by changing the cross-sectional shape of the belt itself, thereby eliminating the interference resistance that may be caused by rigid contact.

[0057] As the unloading mechanism 2 moves, the material distribution mechanism 3 moves synchronously and its bottom fits tightly against the surface of the conveyor belt 11. Then, the material distribution mechanism 3 sprays airflow onto the surface of the conveyor belt 11, blowing off the residual fine materials attached to the belt surface and guiding them into the material distribution bin.

[0058] As the unloading mechanism 2 moves, the distribution mechanism 3 moves synchronously and its bottom is tightly attached to the surface of the conveyor belt 11, forming a tight physical scraping barrier. The distribution mechanism 3 further sprays high-pressure airflow onto the surface of the conveyor belt 11, using the impact and penetrating force of the airflow to completely blow off the residual fine materials attached to the belt surface that are difficult to remove by mechanical scraping alone, and guides them into the distribution bin, solving the problem of fine dust or particles adhering to the belt and ensuring the cleanliness of the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0059] Example 2: This example provides a further technical solution for the drive mechanism 4.

[0060] The drive mechanism 4 includes a first load-bearing frame 41, a drive motor 42 is provided at the upper end of the first load-bearing frame 41, a transmission box 43 is provided on one side of the drive motor 42, and a flexible connector 44 is provided at the output end of the transmission box 43. The flexible connector 44 is connected to the transmission rod 46 for transmission. A hydraulic rod 45 is provided on one side of the drive motor 42.

[0061] The drive mechanism 4 also includes a second support frame 48. One end of the hydraulic rod 45 is fixedly connected to the second support frame 48. A power transmission component 49 is provided at the upper end of the second support frame 48. One end of the transmission rod 46 is connected to the input end of the power transmission component 49. Shafts 411 are provided on both sides of the power transmission component 49. A power transmission box 412 is provided on both sides of the second support frame 48. The two power transmission boxes 412 are inclined in opposite directions. One end of each shaft 411 is connected to the corresponding power transmission box 412.

[0062] It is worth noting that the drive motor 42 outputs power to the transmission box 43, which transmits the power to the power transmission component 49 via the flexible connector 44 and the transmission rod 46. The power transmission component 49 drives the shaft 411 to rotate, thereby inputting power into the two power transmission boxes 412. The flexible connector 44 is used to compensate for the relative displacement between the transmission rod 46 and the transmission box 43 when the hydraulic rod 45 drives the second load-bearing frame 48 to move. The flexible connector 44 can be, for example, a universal coupling, a flexible coupling, or a bellows coupling. The power transmission component 49 can be, for example, a transfer case or a gearbox.

[0063] It is worth noting that the two power delivery boxes 412 are arranged at opposite angles, thereby driving the unloading mechanism 2 located between them to form a specific tilting posture.

[0064] In addition, the hydraulic rod 45 extends and retracts to push the second support frame 48 to move. The second support frame 48 simultaneously drives the unloading mechanism 2 and the material distribution mechanism 3 to move as a whole, so that the bottom of the two are closely attached to or abut against the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0065] The unique structure of the two power conveyor boxes 412 arranged in opposite directions not only gives the unloading mechanism 2 a specific tilting working posture to optimize the material pushing angle, but also allows its bottom to closely fit or moderately abut against the surface of the conveyor belt 11 according to the actual working conditions. This active fitting mechanism ensures that there is no material leakage or residue during the pushing of large particles and the blowing of fine materials, and avoids damage to the conveyor belt 11 due to excessive rigid contact.

[0066] Example 3: This example provides an improved technical solution for the unloading mechanism 2 and the continuous conveying mechanism 1.

[0067] The continuous conveying mechanism 1 also includes a first support frame 12, on one side of the upper end of the first support frame 12, a plurality of V-shaped rollers 13 are provided, and a flat roller 14 is provided on one side of the first support frame 12. The conveyor belt 11 is attached to the outer surface of the V-shaped rollers 13 and the flat roller 14 for conveying.

[0068] Both sides of the transition inclined plate 15 are provided with support plates 16, and the support plates 16 are fixedly installed on the upper end of the first support frame 12.

[0069] The transition inclined plate 15 is made of elastic metal sheet, and a vibration generating device 17 is provided on one side of the outer surface of the transition inclined plate 15. The vibration generating device 17 is used to change the distribution of material on the surface of the conveyor belt 11 by vibration.

[0070] It is worth noting that after the material falls onto the surface of the conveyor belt 11, it is conveyed synchronously with it. The V-shaped rollers 13 not only assist the operation of the conveyor belt 11, but also limit the running trajectory of the conveyor belt 11 and the shape of its bearing cross section.

[0071] When the conveyor belt 11 travels to the position of the transition inclined plate 15, the transition inclined plate 15, which is arranged at a 30-degree angle, guides the conveyor belt 11 to be conveyed in a predetermined direction. The cross-section of the transition inclined plate 15 is U-shaped, with the U-shaped opening facing upward, and the angle of the U-shaped opening gradually increases from small to large along the conveying direction, thereby forming a gradually expanding guide channel to dynamically change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt 11.

[0072] During this process, the material moves according to the surface shape and guide path of the transition inclined plate 15. Subsequently, the flat roller 14 guides the conveyor belt 11 smoothly through the material distribution mechanism 3 and the unloading mechanism 2, and continues to convey after completing the material distribution operation. In addition, the vibration generating device 17 located on one side of the transition inclined plate 15 drives the material on the surface of the conveyor belt 11 to accumulate in one direction by applying vibration.

[0073] When the conveyor belt 11 travels to the position of the transition inclined plate 15, it utilizes its unique 30-degree inclined arrangement and U-shaped cross-section with the opening angle gradually increasing along the conveying direction to form a gradually expanding guide channel. This can dynamically and smoothly change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt 11, avoid material spillage or congestion due to sudden changes in trajectory, and guide the material to move in an orderly manner according to its surface morphology.

[0074] At the same time, the vibration generator 17 located on one side of the transition inclined plate 15 applies directional vibration, driving the material on the surface of the conveyor belt 11 to accumulate in a specific direction, completing the key pretreatment step before material distribution, effectively solving the stratification problem when large and small particles are mixed and conveyed, creating an ideal material distribution state for subsequent efficient material distribution, and ensuring the continuity and stability of the operation when the flat roller 14 guides the conveyor belt 11 through the material distribution mechanism 3 and the unloading mechanism 2.

[0075] This application solves the stratification problem during mixed conveying by employing a combined strategy of proactive intervention in stratification, spatial separation, and graded processing. Specifically, this application uses a vibration generator 17 to apply directional vibration to the conveyor belt, proactively intervening in the natural stratification of the mixed materials. This causes large particles to accumulate on one side and small particles to distribute on the other side, effectively solving the problem of particle stratification caused by gravity settling and vibration segregation in traditional conveying processes. Furthermore, the gradually expanding U-shaped structure of the transition inclined plate 15 further separates large and small particles spatially, allowing the unloading mechanism 2 to centrally process large particles and the sorting mechanism 3 to specifically handle residual small particles, achieving graded and precise diversion unloading.

[0076] The unloading mechanism 2 also includes an output shaft 21, which is rotatably mounted between two power conveying boxes 412. A sleeve rod 22 is sleeved on the outer surface of the output shaft 21. A metal patch 24 is provided on one side of the outer surface of the rotary pusher blade 23. The metal patch 24 is used to enhance the wear resistance of the rotary pusher blade 23.

[0077] In this process, after the vibration generating device 17 changes the distribution of material on the surface of the conveyor belt 11, the power conveying box 412 drives the output shaft 21 to rotate, and the output shaft 21 drives the sleeve rod 22 to rotate, thereby driving the conveyor belt 11 to rotate. Figure 10 The spiral-radial thruster blades 23 shown rotate synchronously.

[0078] It is worth noting that the output shaft 21 is inclined above the transition inclined plate 15, so that the spiral surface of the rotary pusher blade 23 can abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt 11. As the sleeve rod 22 rotates, the rotary pusher blade 23 generates an axial thrust along the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11. This thrust acts on the large particles of material on the surface of the conveyor belt 11, forcibly pushing them into the distribution bin. In addition, the metal patch 24 is provided to cover the key contact parts to prevent the rotary pusher blade 23 from excessive wear during contact with the material.

[0079] After the vibration generating device 17 completes the material distribution adjustment, the power conveying box 412 drives the output shaft 21 to rotate, which in turn drives the sleeve rod 22 and the rotary pusher blade 23 to rotate synchronously. The output shaft 21 is inclined and mounted above the transition inclined plate 15. This spatial arrangement allows the spiral surface of the rotary pusher blade 23 to closely abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0080] As the rotating motion occurs, the rotary pusher blades 23 generate a strong axial thrust along the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11. This thrust is applied to large particles, forcibly separating them from the main conveying flow and pushing them into the distribution bin. In addition, for high-intensity friction conditions, the solution is equipped with metal patches 24 at key contact points to prevent excessive wear of the rotary pusher blades 23 during continuous contact with hard materials.

[0081] Example 4: This example provides a further technical solution for the material distribution mechanism 3.

[0082] The material distribution mechanism 3 also includes a second support frame 31, which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second load-bearing frame 48. A push plate 32 is provided on one side of the second support frame 31, and a bottom contact plate 33 is provided at the bottom of the push plate 32. The bottom contact plate 33 is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0083] The protective shell 35 is equipped with an air supply pipe 34, which is inclined and used to blow the material removed by the protective shell 35 away from the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0084] It is worth noting that after the material is separated by the unloading mechanism 2, some small particles on the surface of the conveyor belt 11 continue to be conveyed forward. At this time, the bottom plate 33, which is in contact with the surface of the conveyor belt 11, scrapes and cleans the residual material on the surface under the action of the moving conveyor belt 11. Specifically, the second support frame 31 drives the push plate 32 and the bottom plate 33 to move downward, so that the bottom plate 33 forms a certain pressure contact with the surface of the conveyor belt 11 for physical scraping. Secondly, the protective shell 35 covers the area, and airflow is sprayed into the contact area between the bottom plate 33 and the conveyor belt 11 through the air supply pipe 34 and the guide plate 36 to blow away the scraped material.

[0085] At the same time, the air supply pipe 34 injects airflow into the protective shell 35. After being guided by the inclined guide vane 36, the airflow is precisely blown towards the contact area between the bottom plate 33 and the conveyor belt 11. Guided by the inclined angle of the guide vane 36, the high-speed airflow blows the material scooped off by the bottom plate 33 and guides it into the distribution bin.

[0086] After the unloading mechanism 2 completes the coarse material separation, the bottom plate 33 is used to contact the belt surface to remove small particles of material remaining on the surface of the conveyor belt 11. The bottom plate 33 is used to contact the belt surface and generate relative shear force under the movement of the conveyor belt 11 to perform the first physical scraping and cleaning of the attached material.

[0087] At the same time, the air supply pipe 34 continuously injects airflow into the protective shell 35. After being precisely guided by the inclined guide plate 36, the airflow forms a high-speed directional air curtain that blows towards the contact area between the bottom plate 33 and the conveyor belt 11. Under the guidance of the specific inclination angle of the guide plate 36, the high-speed airflow not only quickly blows the accumulated material scraped off by the bottom plate 33 away from the belt surface, preventing it from re-adhering or falling back, but also makes up for the shortcomings of simple mechanical scraping that easily causes material accumulation and blockage, and avoids the defect that simple airflow sweeping is difficult to remove stubborn adhering materials, thus significantly improving the cleanliness of the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0088] Example 5: This example provides a dynamic diversion and unloading method for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, using the aforementioned dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor. The specific steps are as follows:

[0089] Step 1: When the material on the conveyor belt 11 needs to be split midway, start the drive mechanism 4 to push the unloading mechanism 2 towards the conveyor belt 11, thereby driving the unloading mechanism 2 to move to the working area above the conveyor belt 11. Since the unloading mechanism 2 is arranged at an inclined angle, the unloading mechanism 2 can resist and push the larger particles on the conveyor belt 11 during the rotation process, so that they are separated from the conveying track and fall into the distribution bin below.

[0090] Step 2: While the unloading mechanism 2 is performing the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism 1 actively changes the conveying path of the conveyor belt 11 at the corresponding position to match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism 2 and ensure smooth material stripping.

[0091] Step 3: As the unloading mechanism 2 moves, the material distribution mechanism 3 moves synchronously, so that its bottom is in close contact with the surface of the conveyor belt 11. Then, the material distribution mechanism 3 sprays airflow onto the surface of the conveyor belt 11 to blow off the residual fine materials attached to the belt surface and guide them into the material distribution bin.

[0092] The dynamic diversion and unloading device and method for a continuous TBM belt conveyor provided in this application have the following advantages:

[0093] First, dynamic trajectory adaptation eliminates rigid interference and achieves low-damage diversion.

[0094] This invention, by setting up transition support components (especially transition inclined plates 15 with gradually changing curvature), actively changes the conveying trajectory and cross-sectional shape of the conveyor belt 11 while the unloading mechanism 2 is performing the pushing operation. This allows the conveyor belt 11 to smoothly transition from a V-shaped groove to a gradually expanding U-shaped or flat shape, dynamically adapting to the inclined working posture of the unloading mechanism 2. This "dynamic braking" design concept completely changes the traditional mode of rigid components and fixed-track belts in hard contact in unloading devices, eliminating frictional resistance and motion interference that may occur under high-frequency vibration and heavy-load conditions. It ensures the smoothness of material stripping at the moment of separation and effectively prevents material from accumulating, jamming, or splashing at the boundary. At the same time, because the trajectory of the conveyor belt 11 is dynamically adjusted with the posture of the unloading mechanism 2, continuous rigid compression of the conveyor belt 11 by the unloading components is avoided, significantly extending the service life of the conveyor belt 11.

[0095] Secondly, the synergistic effect of adaptive bonding and composite cleaning enables efficient removal of residual materials.

[0096] This invention utilizes a drive mechanism 4 to simultaneously drive the unloading mechanism 2 and the sorting mechanism 3 to move as a whole. When the unloading mechanism 2 moves to the working area above the conveyor belt 11, the sorting mechanism 3 moves synchronously, causing the bottom plate 33 to adhere to the surface of the conveyor belt 11. This follow-up adhesion mechanism ensures that the sorting mechanism 3 can be accurately positioned downstream of the unloading mechanism 2, forming a continuous operation flow of "coarse sorting first, then cleaning".

[0097] Based on this, the present invention adopts a composite cleaning strategy of "mechanical scraping + airflow purging": the bottom plate 33 generates relative shear force under the drive of the conveyor belt 11, performing the first physical scraping of the attached material; the air supply pipe 34 continuously injects airflow into the protective shell 35, which is precisely guided by the inclined guide vanes 36 to form a high-speed directional air curtain that blows towards the contact area between the bottom plate 33 and the conveyor belt 11. The two work together to form a local negative pressure zone at the front end of the bottom plate 33, which pre-"absorbs" the stubbornly adhered fine particles from the belt surface, reducing cutting resistance. At the same time, the high-speed airflow quickly blows away the scraped material, preventing it from re-adhering or falling back. This composite cleaning mechanism makes up for the shortcomings of single mechanical scraping, which is prone to material accumulation and blockage, and avoids the defect of simple airflow purging, which is difficult to remove stubborn adhering materials, significantly improving the cleanliness of the surface of the conveyor belt 11.

[0098] Third, the combination of inclined arrangement and spiral pushing optimizes the stripping effect of large particles.

[0099] In this invention, the sleeve 22 of the unloading mechanism 2 is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the material conveying direction of the conveyor belt 11, and the rotary pusher blade 23 is coaxially fixed to the outer periphery of the sleeve 22. This inclined arrangement causes the rotary pusher blade 23 to generate two component forces when rotating: a component force perpendicular to the conveying direction is used to push large particles of material to the side, and a component force parallel to the conveying direction is used to push the material along the conveying direction, thereby making the contact path between the rotary pusher blade 23 and the conveyor belt 11 longer, and pushing the material more smoothly and thoroughly. At the same time, the spiral surface of the rotary pusher blade 23 can abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt 11, and generate an axial thrust acting on the material as the sleeve 22 rotates, forcibly stripping large particles of material from the main conveying flow and pushing them into the distribution bin.

[0100] Fourth, vibration pre-stratification and trajectory gradual expansion work together to optimize the material distribution.

[0101] This invention features a vibration generator 17 on one side of the outer surface of the transition inclined plate 15. By applying directional vibration to the conveyor belt 11, it actively intervenes in the natural stratification of the mixed materials, causing large particles to accumulate directionally to one side and small particles to distribute to the other side. This effectively solves the problem of mixing and stratifying large and small particles due to gravity settling and vibration segregation during traditional conveying processes. Simultaneously, the transition inclined plate 15 adopts a gradually expanding guide channel structure with a U-shaped cross-section and an opening angle that gradually increases along the conveying direction. This further separates large and small particles in space based on vibration pre-stratification, creating an ideal material distribution state for the unloading mechanism 2, thereby achieving efficient and precise graded flow separation.

[0102] Fifth, dynamic entry and exit reduce energy consumption and wear.

[0103] This invention drives the second support frame 48 to move as a whole via the hydraulic rod 45 of the drive mechanism 4, thereby causing the unloading mechanism 2 and the material distribution mechanism 3 to move synchronously closer to or further away from the continuous conveying mechanism 1. In sections where intermediate material distribution is not required, the unloading mechanism 2 and the material distribution mechanism 3 are lifted as a whole, disengaging from the conveyor belt 11, thus avoiding unnecessary belt wear and drive energy consumption. This is particularly suitable for the actual working conditions in TBM tunnel construction where muck removal and backfilling operations alternate and diversion needs occur intermittently.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, characterized in that, include: A continuous conveying mechanism (1) includes a conveyor belt (11) and a transition support assembly; The unloading mechanism (2) is used to push the material on the conveyor belt (11) laterally away from the conveyor belt (11). The transition support assembly is used to change the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt (11) so that the conveyor belt (11) can adapt to the working posture of the unloading mechanism (2). The unloading mechanism (2) includes a sleeve rod (22) and several rotary push blades (23). The sleeve rod (22) is located in the upper area of ​​the conveying trajectory of the transition support assembly, and the sleeve rod (22) is arranged at a predetermined angle relative to the direction of conveying material on the conveyor belt (11). The rotary push blades (23) are coaxially fixedly installed on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod (22), and the spiral surface of the rotary push blades (23) can abut against the outer surface of the conveyor belt (11) and can rotate with the sleeve rod (22) to generate a thrust acting on the material. The material distribution mechanism (3) is used to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt (11). The material distribution mechanism (3) includes a protective shell (35). The protective shell (35) is provided with a plurality of inclined guide vanes (36). The guide vanes (36) are used to guide airflow to remove residual materials from the surface of the conveyor belt (11). The drive mechanism (4) is used to drive the sleeve rod (22) to rotate, and also to drive the unloading mechanism (2) and the material distribution mechanism (3) to move closer to or further away from the continuous conveying mechanism (1). The continuous conveying mechanism (1) further includes a first support frame (12), on one side of the upper end of the first support frame (12) are a plurality of V-shaped rollers (13), and on one side of the first support frame (12) are a flat roller (14). The conveyor belt (11) is attached to the outer surface of the V-shaped rollers (13) and the flat roller (14) for conveying. The transition support assembly includes a transition ramp (15), which is used to provide a smooth, gradual support surface for the conveyor belt (11). Support plates (16) are provided on both sides of the transition ramp (15), and the support plates (16) are fixedly installed on the upper end of the first support frame (12). The material of the transition inclined plate (15) is an elastic metal sheet, and a vibration generating device (17) is provided on one side of the outer surface of the transition inclined plate (15). The vibration generating device (17) is used to change the distribution of material on the surface of the conveyor belt (11) by vibration. The material distribution mechanism (3) also includes a second support frame (31), which is fixedly installed at the lower end of the second load-bearing frame (48). A push plate (32) is provided on one side of the second support frame (31), and a bottom contact plate (33) is provided at the bottom of the push plate (32). The bottom contact plate (33) is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt (11).

2. The dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (4) includes a first load-bearing frame (41), a drive motor (42) is provided at the upper end of the first load-bearing frame (41), a transmission box (43) is provided on one side of the drive motor (42), and a flexible connector (44) is provided at the output end of the transmission box (43). The flexible connector (44) is connected to the transmission rod (46) for transmission. A hydraulic rod (45) is provided on one side of the drive motor (42).

3. The dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (4) further includes a second support frame (48). One end of the hydraulic rod (45) is fixedly connected to the second support frame (48). A power transmission component (49) is provided at the upper end of the second support frame (48). One end of the transmission rod (46) is connected to the input end of the power transmission component (49). Shafts (411) are provided on both sides of the power transmission component (49). A power transmission box (412) is provided on both sides of the second support frame (48). The two power transmission boxes (412) are inclined in opposite directions. One end of the two shafts (411) is connected to the corresponding power transmission box (412) in a transmission connection.

4. The dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unloading mechanism (2) also includes an output shaft (21), which is rotatably mounted between two power delivery boxes (412). The sleeve rod (22) is sleeved on the outer surface of the output shaft (21). A metal patch (24) is provided on one side of the outer surface of the rotary pusher blade (23). The metal patch (24) is used to enhance the wear resistance of the rotary pusher blade (23).

5. The dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air supply pipe (34) is provided inside the protective shell (35). The air supply pipe (34) is inclined and is used to blow the material removed by the protective shell (35) away from the surface of the conveyor belt (11).

6. The dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the transition inclined plate (15) is U-shaped, and the opening angle of the U-shape gradually increases from small to large along the conveying direction to form a gradually expanding guide channel for changing the conveying trajectory of the conveyor belt (11).

7. A dynamic diversion and unloading method for a TBM continuous belt conveyor, employing the dynamic diversion and unloading device for a TBM continuous belt conveyor as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: When the material on the conveyor belt (11) needs to be split midway, start the drive mechanism (4). The drive mechanism (4) pushes the unloading mechanism (2) to move to the working area above the conveyor belt (11). Since the unloading mechanism (2) is arranged at an inclined angle, the unloading mechanism (2) can resist and push the granular material on the conveyor belt (11) during rotation, so that it leaves the conveying track and falls from one side of the conveyor belt (11) into the distribution bin below. Step 2: While the unloading mechanism (2) is performing the pushing operation, the continuous conveying mechanism (1) changes the conveying path of the conveyor belt (11) at the corresponding position to match the inclined conveying posture of the unloading mechanism (2) and ensure that the material is smoothly stripped. Step 3: As the unloading mechanism (2) moves, the material distribution mechanism (3) moves synchronously, so that its bottom is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt (11). Then the material distribution mechanism (3) sprays airflow onto the surface of the conveyor belt (11) to blow off the residual fine materials attached to the surface of the conveyor belt (11) and guide them into the material distribution bin.

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