A seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of transplanted khat

Abstract

The application provides a seedling raising method for improving the survival rate of transplanted Khat Khat, and relates to the technical field of artificial Khat Khat planting. The seedling raising method is common seedling raising by using a nutrient agent prepared from calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, perilla frutescens L. glycosides C, malt extract, EDTA iron sodium salt, and base fertilizer compounded by rose leaf baking and cooking material, rice husk charcoal, coconut husk and ternary compound fertilizer. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, can effectively ensure the seed germination of Khat Khat and promote the root and stem growth of seedlings, shorten the seedling raising period, improve the seedling rate, and comprehensively improve the economic benefit of artificial seedling raising.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of artificial cultivation technology of Euphorbia rubescens, specifically to a seedling cultivation method for improving the survival rate of transplanted Euphorbia rubescens. Background Technology

[0002] Red euphorbia is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family and the Euphorbia genus. Its dried tuberous root is used medicinally; it is bitter and cold in nature, and enters the lung, spleen, and kidney meridians. It is slightly toxic and has the effects of draining water retention, reducing swelling, and dissipating nodules. In recent years, with the significant increase in clinical use, wild resources have been extensively harvested. Furthermore, due to the generally low germination rate of red euphorbia seeds under natural conditions, wild resources can no longer meet market demand.

[0003] Currently, most red euphorbia on the market is artificially cultivated. The main methods of artificial propagation of red euphorbia are seed propagation and root division propagation. Root division propagation has a relatively low propagation coefficient, producing only a limited number of seedlings each time, which is insufficient for large-scale planting. Therefore, the conventional propagation method is to cultivate seedlings and then transplant the robust seedlings for large-scale planting. However, current seed propagation research focuses primarily on improving seed germination rates, with less attention paid to the overall seedling vigor during the seedling stage. While this may improve the seedling survival rate to some extent, the uniformity of seedling growth after transplanting is poor, and the survival rate is mostly below 80%, often requiring large-scale replanting, which increases the cost of artificial cultivation. Therefore, improving the quality of red euphorbia seedlings during the seedling stage is an important research direction for artificial seedling cultivation at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a seedling cultivation method that improves the survival rate of transplanted Euphorbia rubescens. This method effectively ensures the germination of Euphorbia rubescens seeds while promoting the root and stem growth of seedlings, shortens the seedling period, and increases the rate of robust seedlings, thereby comprehensively improving the economic benefits of artificial seedling cultivation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A seedling cultivation method for improving the survival rate of transplanted Euphorbia milii, the seedling cultivation method comprising the following steps: S1. Seed pretreatment: Soak mature red euphorbia seeds that have been air-dried in the shade for the previous year in warm water, then mix them with disinfectant to obtain pretreated seeds for later use. S2. Prepare the nutrient solution according to the following formula: calcium nitrate 0.75-0.90 g / L, potassium nitrate 0.50-0.70 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.50-0.60 g / L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15-0.25 g / L, perilla glycoside C 120-150 mg / L, malt extract 40-60 mg / L, EDTA iron sodium salt 200-400 mg / L, with the balance being water; the malt extract is obtained by pulverizing malt, treating it with high-pressure steam, and then extracting it with alcohol. S3. Prepare the base fertilizer according to the following weight parts: 25-30 parts of roasted and boiled rose leaves, 2-4 parts of rice husk charcoal, 4-8 parts of coconut coir, and 0.2-0.5 parts of compound fertilizer; wherein the roasted and boiled rose leaves are prepared by roasting rose leaves at 150-160℃ until they curl, crushing them, adding water, repeating the boiling and cooling process, and then drying them. S4. Planting site treatment: Plow and disinfect the planting site, then apply base fertilizer, and then level the planting site thoroughly. Next, rake the soil finely, adjust the moisture level, mix the pretreated seeds with fine soil and sow them evenly on the soil surface. Then cover with a layer of fine soil and a layer of pine needles, and water thoroughly in time. S5. Nutrient management: Spray nutrient solution once 10-15 days after sowing, and then spray nutrient solution a second time 7-12 days later.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, the warm water soaking method is to soak the seeds in warm water at 40-50℃ for 1-2 hours, then take them out, dry the surface, and mix them with 25% carbendazim wettable powder at a mass ratio of 1:0.08-0.10.

[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the malt extract includes the following steps: S2-1. Dry the malt at 45-55℃ to constant weight, then pulverize it to obtain malt powder for later use. S2-2. The above malt powder is treated with hot steam at 119-120℃ for 15-20 minutes in a high-pressure environment of 1.5-2 MPa, and then naturally cooled to obtain pretreated malt powder for later use. S2-3. Add the pretreated malt powder to 5-8 times its volume of 75% ethanol solution, and extract in a water bath at 50-60℃ for 2-4 hours. Then filter, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure, and dry to obtain malt extract.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the rose leaf roasting and boiling material includes the following steps: S3-1. Bake fresh rose leaves at 150-160℃ until the leaf edges curl, then crush them to obtain crushed leaves for later use. S3-2. Add the above-mentioned pulverized leaves to 3-5 times the volume of water, boil for 10-15 minutes, then cool to room temperature in an ice water bath. Repeat the boiling-cooling operation 3-5 times, and then dry at 35-45℃ to obtain the roasted and boiled rose leaf material.

[0009] Preferably, the disinfection method in step S4 is to add calcium cyanamide to the planting area at a rate of 50-100 kg per acre, then plow it into the soil, cover it with a film and seal it for 10-15 days, and then let it air dry for 7-10 days after removing the film to complete the disinfection.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of base fertilizer applied in step S4 is 500-600 kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the width of the soil surface for soil preparation is 80-100cm, the height is 15-20cm, and the width of the furrow is 30-40cm; the mass ratio of pretreated seeds to fine soil is 1:14-16, and 0.6-0.8kg is sown per mu, with a covering thickness of 2-3cm of fine soil.

[0012] Preferably, the amount of nutrient agent used in a single spray in step S5 is 150-200 L / mu.

[0013] Preferably, the shading level should be maintained at 60%-70% during the seedling stage.

[0014] This invention provides a seedling cultivation method to improve the survival rate of transplanted Euphorbia milii, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention effectively ensures the growth of red euphorbia seedlings and promotes rhizome growth during the seedling stage by setting a base fertilizer composed of roasted and boiled rose leaves, rice husk charcoal, coconut coir, and ternary compound fertilizer, as well as a nutrient agent prepared by compounding calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, perilla glycoside C, malt extract, and EDTA iron sodium salt. This also further shortens the seedling cycle. The addition of roasted and boiled rose leaves effectively promotes uniform emergence of red euphorbia seedlings, ensuring an increase in root diameter and consequently improving the survival rate after transplanting. Perilla glycoside C and malt extract, to a certain extent, promote the growth of red euphorbia seedling stems, increasing the rate of robust seedlings, thus comprehensively improving the economic benefits of artificial seedling cultivation of red euphorbia. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the growth of seedlings in test sites 1 and 2 on May 16, 2025, in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the growth of seedlings in test sites 3, 4, 5, and 6 in this embodiment of the invention on May 16, 2025. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the growth of seedlings in test sites 7, 8, and 9 on May 16, 2025, in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The following uses Stanley compound fertilizer with a 15-15-15 gold ratio. Example 1:

[0018] Raw material preparation: 1. Preparation of malt extract: 1.1 Malt Extract A: (1) Dry the malt at 50°C to constant weight, then pulverize it and pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain malt powder for later use; (2) The above malt powder was treated with 120°C hot steam in a high-pressure environment of 2 MPa for 15 minutes, and then cooled naturally to obtain pretreated malt powder for later use. (3) Add the pretreated malt powder to 8 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution, and extract it in a water bath at 55°C for 3 hours. Then filter it, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure and dry it to obtain malt extract A.

[0019] 1.2 Malt Extract B: (1) Dry the malt at 50°C to constant weight, then pulverize it and pass it through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain malt powder for later use; (3) Add the above malt powder to 8 times the volume of 75% ethanol solution, heat in a water bath at 55°C for 3 hours for extraction, then filter, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure and dry to obtain malt extract B.

[0020] 2. Preparation of rose leaf treatment material: 2.1 Preparation of Rose Leaf Baking and Boiling Material: (1) Bake fresh rose leaves at 155℃ until the leaf edges curl, then crush them and pass them through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain crushed leaves for later use. (2) Add the above-mentioned crushed leaves to 5 times the volume of water, boil for 10 minutes, then cool to room temperature in an ice water bath. Repeat the boiling-cooling operation 4 times and then dry at 35-45℃ to obtain the roasted and boiled rose leaves.

[0021] 2.2 Preparation of Rose Leaf Boiling Material: (1) Add fresh rose leaves to 5 times the volume of water and grind them into a paste. Then boil and cook for 10 minutes. Then cool to room temperature in an ice water bath. Repeat the cooking-cooling operation 4 times and then dry at 35-45℃ to obtain rose leaf cooking material.

[0022] 3. Preparation of nutrient solution: Prepare nutrient solutions with different formulations according to Table 1 below: Table 1

[0023] 4. Preparation of base fertilizer: Refer to Table 2 below to prepare base fertilizers with different formulations: Table 2 Example 2:

[0024] Treatment of red euphorbia seedlings: (1) Soak mature red euphorbia seeds that have been air-dried in the first year in warm water at 45℃ for 1.5h, then take out the seeds and mix them with 0.09kg of 25% carbendazim wettable powder per 1kg of seeds to obtain pretreated seeds. (2) Select a planting site, sprinkle 80 kg / mu of calcium cyanamide into the planting site, then plow it into the soil, cover it with a plastic film and seal it for 12 days, then remove the film and let it dry for 8 days to complete the disinfection; then level the planting site thoroughly, then rake the soil finely, and make the ridges with a width of 80-100 cm, a height of 15-20 cm, and a furrow width of 30-40 cm. Sow the pretreated seeds mixed with fine soil (mass ratio 1:15) evenly on the ridges (0.7 kg / mu), then cover it with a 2-3 cm layer of fine soil and a layer of pine needles (the pine needles should be enough to cover the surface), water it thoroughly in time, and set up a shade net to control the shading degree at 60%-70%; (3) Spray nutrient solution (180L / mu) once 15 days after sowing, and spray nutrient solution (180L / mu) a second time 10 days later, and manage normally otherwise.

[0025] Detection:

[0026] 1. Following the seedling raising method described in Example 2 above, nine experimental plots were set up, and sowing was carried out on March 6, 2025. Different base fertilizers and nutrients were selected for each experimental plot according to Table 3 below: Table 3

[0027] After the emergence of *Euphorbia pekinensis* seedlings in each experimental site, weeds were promptly removed and artificial replanting was carried out. On May 16, 2025, 10 *Euphorbia pekinensis* seedlings were randomly selected from each experimental site for testing. The average seedling length (height of the above-ground stem), stem diameter, root length, and root diameter (diameter of the thickest part of the root) were calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0028] As shown in the table above, when using base fertilizer A, adding malt extract A (treated with high-pressure steam) to the nutrient solution resulted in longer seedlings of *Euphorbia milii* more than two months after sowing, and also produced thicker rhizomes (Experimental Site 1). However, when malt extract A was replaced with malt extract B (not treated with high-pressure steam), the root thickness of *Euphorbia milii* was significantly improved, but the root length increased (Experimental Site 2). Furthermore, when perilla glycoside C was omitted from the nutrient solution (Experimental Site 3), both the stem and root thickness of *Euphorbia milii* decreased significantly. When both malt extract and perilla glycoside C were omitted from the nutrient solution (Experimental Site 4), the seedling length, stem thickness, root length, and root thickness of *Euphorbia milii* all decreased simultaneously. When using nutrient A, the growth of Euphorbia rubra seedlings was significantly worse than that of experimental site 1 when the basal fertilizer was made from boiled rose leaves instead of baked rose leaves (experimental site 6). In conclusion, the use of basal fertilizer A and nutrient A together for seedling cultivation can effectively promote the growth of Euphorbia rubra seedlings and comprehensively improve the quality of seedlings.

[0029] 2. Seedlings with a length of ≥12cm are considered robust and suitable for transplanting. Select compliant seedlings from experimental sites 1, 2, and 3 for transplanting. When transplanting, dig holes 30cm x 25cm apart, 12cm deep. Place the seedlings in the holes, cover with soil, compact it, and water to keep the soil moist. Plant one seedling per hole, ensuring the roots are spread out and in close contact with the soil. Manage as usual, and record the survival rate at 10, 30, and 60 days after transplanting. The specific results are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5

[0030] As shown in the table above, the transplanted seedlings obtained from experimental site 1 have a high transplant survival rate.

[0031] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling cultivation method for improving the survival rate of transplanted Euphorbia milii, characterized in that, The seedling cultivation method includes the following steps: S1. Seed pretreatment: Soak mature red euphorbia seeds that have been air-dried in the shade for the previous year in warm water at 40-50℃ for 1-2 hours. After soaking, remove the seeds, dry the surface, and mix the seeds with 25% carbendazim wettable powder at a mass ratio of 1:0.08-0.10 to obtain pretreated seeds for later use. S2. Prepare the nutrient solution according to the following formula: calcium nitrate 0.75-0.90 g / L, potassium nitrate 0.50-0.70 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.50-0.60 g / L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15-0.25 g / L, perilla glycoside C 120-150 mg / L, malt extract 40-60 mg / L, EDTA iron sodium salt 200-400 mg / L, with the balance being water; the preparation method of the malt extract includes the following steps: S2-1. Dry the malt at 45-55℃ to constant weight, then pulverize it to obtain malt powder for later use. S2-2. The above malt powder is treated with hot steam at 119-120℃ for 15-20 minutes in a high-pressure environment of 1.5-2 MPa, and then naturally cooled to obtain pretreated malt powder for later use. S2-3. Add the pretreated malt powder to 5-8 times its volume of 75% ethanol solution, and extract in a water bath at 50-60℃ for 2-4 hours. Then filter, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure and dry to obtain malt extract. S3. Prepare the base fertilizer according to the following weight proportions: 25-30 parts of roasted and boiled rose leaves, 2-4 parts of rice husk charcoal, 4-8 parts of coconut coir, and 0.2-0.5 parts of NPK compound fertilizer; wherein the preparation method of the roasted and boiled rose leaves includes the following steps: S3-1. Bake fresh rose leaves at 150-160℃ until the leaf edges curl, then crush them to obtain crushed leaves for later use. S3-2. Add the above-mentioned pulverized leaves to 3-5 times the volume of water, boil for 10-15 minutes, then cool to room temperature in an ice water bath. Repeat the boiling-cooling process 3-5 times, and then dry at 35-45℃ to obtain the rose leaf roasting and boiling material. S4. Planting site treatment: Plow and disinfect the planting site, then apply base fertilizer, and then level the planting site thoroughly. Next, rake the soil finely, adjust the moisture level, mix the pretreated seeds with fine soil and sow them evenly on the soil surface. Then cover with a layer of fine soil and a layer of pine needles, and water thoroughly in time. S5. Nutrient management: Spray nutrient solution once 10-15 days after sowing, and then spray nutrient solution a second time 7-12 days later.

2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection method in step S4 is to add calcium cyanamide to the planting area at a rate of 50-100 kg per acre, then plow it into the soil, cover it with a plastic film and seal it for 10-15 days, and then let it air dry for 7-10 days after removing the film to complete the disinfection.

3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of base fertilizer applied is 500-600 kg / mu.

4. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the width of the soil surface for soil preparation is 80-100cm, the height is 15-20cm, and the width of the furrow is 30-40cm. The mass ratio of pretreated seeds to fine soil is 1:14-16, and 0.6-0.8kg of seeds are sown per mu (667 square meters), with a covering thickness of 2-3cm of fine soil.

5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the amount of nutrient agent used in a single spray is 150-200 L / mu.

6. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Maintain a shading level of 60%-70% during the seedling stage.

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