Self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions

Abstract

This invention relates to a self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for multiphase catalytic reactions, belonging to the field of fixed-bed technology. The system includes a shell assembly, a reaction vessel assembly, a feed distribution plate assembly, and a regeneration connection assembly. The shell is internally divided into several sectors, each sector housing a reaction vessel, with isolation chambers formed between the reaction vessels. The regeneration connection assembly includes upper and lower rotating discs connected by a rotating shaft. Each disc has an inert gas receiving chamber that connects to the isolation chamber. A drive mechanism rotates the discs, connecting the regeneration pipe to a specific reaction vessel for online carbon burning regeneration. This invention achieves a continuous production mode of "multi-zone reaction, one-zone online regeneration" through a rotary structure. Combined with a unique scraping and sealing assembly and an elastic buffer structure, it solves the problems of rapid catalyst coking, frequent switching, easy cross-contamination, and thermal stress damage in reactions such as high-temperature dehydrogenation, significantly improving the production efficiency, operational stability, and thermal energy utilization of the unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions, belonging to the field of fixed-bed technology. Background Technology

[0002] In chemical production, converting liquefied petroleum gas (alkanes, such as propane) into high-value olefins (such as propylene) via catalytic dehydrogenation is a fundamental process for producing polymer materials such as plastics. This process typically employs platinum-based or chromium-based catalysts in a fixed-bed reactor.

[0003] However, alkane dehydrogenation reactions are highly susceptible to side reactions leading to severe coking. In actual production, catalysts are typically completely covered by carbon deposits and deactivated within hours to days of operation, requiring immediate carbon burning for regeneration. Traditional fixed-bed reactors require shutdown, replacement, and purging before regeneration, resulting in poor production continuity and low capacity. Although some moving-bed or switching fixed-bed reactors exist, their equipment is bulky, valves are frequently switched and prone to damage, and traditional switching valves are highly susceptible to thermal expansion and seizing when faced with sudden temperature changes of several hundred degrees Celsius. Simultaneously, the thermal expansion and contraction of the catalyst bed generates significant axial destructive forces on the equipment, and at high temperatures, reactants and regeneration gas are highly prone to cross-contamination, severely impacting catalyst life and product purity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for multiphase catalytic reactions. Through a unique multi-sector structure design combined with an internal rotating material distribution and regeneration system, continuous and uninterrupted production of "multi-zone reaction and 1-zone online regeneration" is achieved.

[0005] The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions of the present invention comprises: Housing assembly, including a cylindrical housing; The reaction vessel assembly is disposed inside the housing. The housing is divided into several sectors by a support frame. Each sector is equipped with a reaction vessel. The support frame forms an isolation cavity between the reaction vessels. The reaction vessel has a feed inlet at the upper end and a discharge outlet at the lower end. Both the feed inlet and the discharge outlet of the reaction vessel are connected to a sliding cylinder. The feed distribution plate assembly includes an upper feed distribution plate and a lower feed distribution plate respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the housing. The upper and lower feed distribution plates are elastically connected to the reaction tank to buffer the feeding impact. The upper and lower feed distribution plates are provided with corresponding feed holes for each of the plurality of reaction tanks. A regeneration connection assembly, disposed within the upper and lower distribution trays, includes two symmetrically arranged turntables, an upper turntable and a lower turntable, connected by a central shaft. Each turntable has a material cylinder and an inert gas containing chamber. The inert gas containing chambers of the upper and lower turntables are connected to the isolation chamber. The upper turntable is connected to an upper hollow shaft extending upwards; the lower turntable is connected to a lower hollow shaft extending downwards. The upper and lower hollow shafts are used to connect to external inert gas. Both the upper and lower hollow shafts contain regeneration pipes, which connect to the material cylinder within the inert gas containing chamber, achieving complete encapsulation of the regeneration pipes and reaction vessel by inert gas. The upper hollow shaft at the upper end of the upper turntable is connected to a drive mechanism, which drives the upper and lower turntables to rotate synchronously. The rotation enables the material cylinders at both ends to connect with the material holes, and the regeneration pipe to connect with at least one of several reaction tanks, so as to introduce gas to burn carbon and regenerate the catalyst in the reaction tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the system also includes a positioning component, and the upper and lower material distribution plates are respectively provided with rotating support members. The rotating support member includes a small column, and the end of the small column is connected to a rigid bullseye bearing. The upper end of the housing is provided with a cover plate, and an elastic support member is installed on the upper surface inside the cover plate. The elastic support member includes a sliding cylinder, and an elastic bullseye bearing is slidably connected inside the sliding cylinder. A preload spring is installed at the end of the elastic bullseye bearing away from the ball. A preload screw is threadedly connected to the cover plate. The axial positioning elastic adjustment is achieved by adjusting the preload spring through the preload screw.

[0007] The lower end of the housing is connected to a discharge shell, and a support plate is connected between the housing and the discharge shell. The support plate is provided with the elastic support member, and the discharge shell is provided with a manhole for the installation and maintenance of the elastic support member. Furthermore, a fixed ring is connected to the upper end of the upper distribution plate, and a rotating ring fitted on the fixed ring is correspondingly connected to the lower end of the upper turntable for radial positioning.

[0008] Furthermore, a sliding cylinder is provided at the inlet and outlet respectively, and a sealing ring is installed on the inner and outer walls of the sliding cylinder. A corresponding sliding sleeve is provided on the distribution plate, and the sliding cylinder is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve. A buffer spring is fitted on the outside of the sliding sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the material cylinder is a scraping and sealing assembly, which includes four concentrically arranged sealing cylinders, forming three annular cavities between the four sealing cylinders. The middle annular cavity is connected to the inert gas containing cavity, and the inner and outer annular cavities on both sides are elastically connected with sealing rings. The outer sealing ring is located on the outside. The lower end of the outer sealing ring is provided with an outwardly extending scraper. The lower end surface of the scraper is evenly provided with air grooves arranged in a vortex pattern.

[0010] Furthermore, when the pressure of the inert gas in the intermediate annular cavity increases, the gas is discharged in a vortex shape from the air groove on the lower end face of the scraper, which is used to blow away the water-air mixture inside; the sealing ring located inside is an inner sealing ring, and a sealing gasket is installed at the lower end of the inner sealing ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the system also includes a detection component. A position detection sensor is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate. The position detection sensor is an explosion-proof inductive proximity switch. A rotating needle is keyed to the hollow shaft. The position detection sensor is arranged corresponding to the feed inlets of several internal sectors. When the rotating needle rotates and triggers the position detection sensor at the corresponding position, the material cylinders of the upper and lower turntables are precisely connected to the feed inlets and outlets of the corresponding sectors, respectively. Each sector corresponds to at least two of the aforementioned position detection sensors to form redundancy.

[0012] Furthermore, a support cover is connected to the upper end of the cover plate, and an indicator window is provided on the support cover corresponding to several sectors. An indicator light is provided next to the position detection sensor arranged inside, which is used to observe the movement position of the internal material cylinder through the indicator window.

[0013] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a motor, and a planetary reducer is installed at the output end of the motor. The planetary reducer is fixed on the support cover, and its output end extends into the interior of the support cover and is connected to the hollow shaft through gears.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper part of the upper distribution plate is provided with a material inlet corresponding to the shell, and a distribution cylinder is provided on the upper turntable inside, which is used to guide the incoming material into the material hole of the distribution plate; an arc-shaped plate is provided on the inner wall of the distribution cylinder corresponding to the position of the material cylinder, which is used to prevent the material from directly impacting the material cylinder when the material cylinder rotates to the material inlet position.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In conventional multiphase catalytic endothermic reactions (such as alkane dehydrogenation), maintaining the reaction temperature typically relies heavily on large and energy-intensive external heating equipment (such as furnaces or heat exchangers) for continuous heating of the materials. This invention cleverly utilizes a multi-sector structure and isolation chamber design to achieve in-situ thermal coupling between the 'exothermic regeneration zone' and the 'endothermic reaction zone' within the system. The high-temperature heat generated during carbon regeneration is directly conducted and transported by inert gas to adjacent reaction vessels, significantly reducing or even eliminating the system's dependence on external auxiliary heating equipment. This achieves a high degree of self-heating equilibrium and greatly reduces the overall energy consumption and carbon emissions of the process.

[0016] This invention completely eliminates the need for expensive and leak-prone external, ultra-large, high-temperature switching valves by combining an external and an internally minimalist dual-channel rotary seal (upper and lower rotary discs). Seamless synchronization of the main reaction and regeneration is achieved within a single reactor, significantly reducing fixed asset investment and floor space requirements.

[0017] To address alternating hot and cold operating conditions, this system employs a sliding sleeve between the sliding cylinder and the distribution plate at both the inlet and outlet, along with a buffer spring. This elastic connection mechanism effectively releases the axial thermal expansion and thermal stress caused by the significant temperature difference during feeding and regeneration, ensuring the structural safety of the system during long-term operation.

[0018] The material cylinder is designed with a four-layer concentric sealing cylinder structure, with an outer sealing ring featuring an outwardly extending scraper and a vortex-shaped air groove. During the rotary table dwell and step-by-step switching cycles, by introducing "micro-volume inert gas knife / pulse purging" technology, the gas is discharged at high speed from the air groove in a vortex shape. This not only instantly clears the liquid film and dead volume at the docking interface, but also forms a robust fluid safety barrier, completely preventing the crossflow of high-value reaction gas mixed with water gas regeneration gas.

[0019] The drive mechanism employs a triple combination of "explosion-proof servo closed-loop coarse addressing + metal gear disc inductive detection + absolute encoder combined with high-precision planetary reducer". Even in harsh working conditions filled with dust and high temperatures, it can still achieve micron-level absolute precision alignment and anti-disturbance locking of the rotating cylinder, fundamentally preventing misalignment and air leakage.

[0020] The reaction vessels within the shell are divided into independent sectors and installed in a modular fashion. When the catalyst reaches the end of its service life and requires major repair or replacement, simply open the corresponding flange cover on the top of the shell, and use hoisting equipment to pull out the faulty individual reaction vessel and quickly replace it. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2This is one of the internal structure schematic diagrams of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a second schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is the third internal structure schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Enlarged view of a section at point C; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support cover according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas distribution plate connection in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cover plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in the inert gas containing cavity of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal reaction vessel location structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is the fourth internal structure schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 15 yes Figure 14 Enlarged view of a section at point D; Figure 16 yes Figure 14 Enlarged view of a section at point E in the middle; In the picture: 1. Shell assembly; 11. Shell; 111. Inner boss; 12. Cover plate; 13. Discharge shell; 131. Manhole; 14. Support cover; 15. Support plate; 16. Gas distribution plate; 161. Gas distribution body; 162. Regeneration connection pipe; 163. Inert gas connection pipe; 17. Material inlet; 18. Material outlet; 2. Reaction vessel assembly; 21. Reaction vessel; 211. Inlet; 212. Outlet; 22. Support frame; 23. Isolation chamber; 24. Sliding cylinder; 3. Material distribution plate assembly; 31. Upper material distribution plate; 32. Lower material distribution plate; 33. Material hole; 34. Material distribution cylinder; 35. Sliding sleeve; 36. Buffer spring; 37. Arc plate; 4. Regeneration connection assembly; 41. Upper turntable; 411. Upper hollow shaft; 42. Lower turntable; 421. Lower hollow shaft; 43. Rotating shaft; 44. Material cylinder; 45. Inert gas receiving chamber; 451. First inert gas channel; 452. Second inert gas channel; 46. Regeneration pipe; 5. Positioning component; 51. Rotating support component; 511. Small column; 512. Rigid bullseye bearing; 52. Elastic support component; 521. Sliding cylinder; 522. Elastic bullseye bearing; 523. Preload spring; 524. Preload screw; 53. Fixing ring; 54. Rotating ring; 6. Scraper sealing assembly; 61. Sealing cylinder; 62. Intermediate annular cavity; 63. Inner and outer annular cavities; 64. Outer sealing ring; 641. Scraper; 642. Air groove; 65. Inner sealing ring; 651. Sealing gasket; 7. Drive mechanism; 71. Position detection sensor; 72. Rotating needle; 73. Indicator window; 74. Indicator light; 75. Motor; 76. Planetary reducer; 77. Gear; 100. Temperature sensor; 200. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 16 As shown, the self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for multiphase catalytic reactions of the present invention mainly includes a shell assembly 1, a reaction vessel assembly 2, a distribution plate assembly 3, a regeneration connection assembly 4, a positioning assembly 5, a scraping and sealing assembly 6, and a driving mechanism 7.

[0023] System overall structure and isolation heat exchange design: The outer shell assembly 1 is a cylindrical shell 11 with a cover plate 12 at the top, a support cover 14 connected to the cover plate 12, and a discharge shell 13 connected to the bottom. Inside the shell 11 is a reaction vessel assembly 2. The internal space of the shell is evenly divided into several independent sectors (e.g., 6, 8, 10, or 12 sectors) by a support frame 22. Here, 12 sectors are selected, determined according to the regeneration time and reaction time, and the sector selection is based on the time ratio.

[0024] Each sector is modularly equipped with a reaction vessel 21, and the reaction vessels 21 are separated by support frames 22 to form an isolation chamber 23. The design of the isolation chamber 23 is extremely ingenious. During operation, the high temperature generated by the reaction vessel in the carbon burning regeneration zone (strong exothermic) can be directly conducted through the isolation chamber 23 to the adjacent reaction vessel 21 in the normal dehydrogenation reaction zone (strong endothermic), realizing the in-situ recycling of thermal energy within the system.

[0025] Buffer feeding and thermal stress relief structure: The material distribution plate assembly 3 includes an upper material distribution plate 31 and a lower material distribution plate 32, which are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the housing 11. The lower end face of the upper material distribution plate 31 is pressed against the inner boss 111 inside the housing 11 by the upper cover plate 12. A sealing gasket is provided on the inner boss 111, which forms a seal when the lower end face of the upper material distribution plate 31 is pressed against it. The lower material distribution plate 32 is pressed against the inner boss 111 at the lower end of the housing 11 by the lower support plate 15. The upper part of the upper material distribution plate 31 is provided with a material inlet 17, and a material distribution cylinder 34 is provided on the upper turntable 41 inside, which is used to guide the incoming material into the material hole 33 of the material distribution plate. In order to prevent the material from directly impacting the internal rotating parts, an arc-shaped plate 37 is also provided on the inner wall of the material distribution cylinder 34 at the position corresponding to the position of the material cylinder 44.

[0026] For alternating hot and cold operating conditions, this embodiment provides sliding cylinders 24 at the feed inlet 211 at the upper end and the discharge outlet 212 at the lower end of the reaction tank 21, respectively. Sealing rings are installed on the inner and outer walls of the sliding cylinders 24. Sliding sleeves 35 are correspondingly provided on the upper distribution plate 31 and the lower distribution plate 32. The sliding cylinders 24 are slidably inserted into the sliding sleeves 35, and a buffer spring 36 is fitted onto the outside of the sliding sleeves 35. This elastic connection mechanism can completely absorb and release the axial thermal expansion and thermal stress caused by the huge temperature difference during feeding and high-temperature regeneration. Simultaneously, the gas cavity inside the sliding sleeve 35 can also form a certain buffer.

[0027] The core rotary regeneration distribution system: The regeneration connection assembly 4 is the core component for realizing "multi-zone reaction, 1-zone online regeneration". It includes an upper turntable 41 and a lower turntable 42, which are respectively set in the upper distribution plate 31 and the lower distribution plate 32, and are synchronously connected by a central rotating shaft 43. Both the upper turntable 41 and the lower turntable 42 are equipped with a material cylinder 44.

[0028] The upper turntable 41 is connected to an upwardly extending upper hollow shaft 411, and the lower turntable 42 is connected to a downwardly extending lower hollow shaft 421. The upper hollow shaft 411 is used to connect to external inert gas, and the lower hollow shaft 421 is used to discharge internal inert gas containing heat. The turntable is provided with an inert gas receiving cavity 45, and this receiving cavity is connected to the isolation cavity 23 and the intermediate annular cavity 62 inside the housing.

[0029] Meanwhile, a regeneration tube 46 is coaxially sleeved inside the upper hollow shaft 411 and the lower hollow shaft 421. The regeneration tube 46 passes through the inert gas containing cavity 45 and connects to the material cylinder 44. This tube-within-a-tube design achieves complete encapsulation of the high-temperature regeneration pipeline by ambient temperature inert gas, thus providing protection.

[0030] Micro-air knife scraping sealing mechanism to prevent cross-venting: In order to completely eliminate the crossflow of regenerated gas, which is a mixture of high-value reaction gas and water gas, the material cylinder 44 in this embodiment is designed as a high-precision scraping and sealing assembly 6.

[0031] The scraper sealing assembly 6 includes four concentrically arranged sealing cylinders 61, thereby forming three annular cavities. The middle annular cavity 62 is connected to the aforementioned inert gas containing cavity 45. Sealing rings are elastically connected to the inner and outer annular cavities 63 on both sides, and springs are placed in the inner and outer annular cavities 63 to make the end face of the sealing ring abut against the end face of the upper distribution plate 31 and the lower distribution plate 32.

[0032] The inner sealing ring 65 has a sealing gasket 651 installed at its lower end to achieve physical blocking; the outer sealing ring 64 has an outwardly extending scraper 641 at its lower end, and the lower end face of the scraper has evenly arranged vortex-shaped air grooves 642. When high-pressure inert gas is introduced into the middle annular cavity 62, the gas is discharged at high speed from the air grooves 642 in a vortex shape, forming an "inert gas knife". When the rotary table steps and switches, it instantly clears the liquid film and dead volume at the docking interface, establishing a robust fluid safety barrier.

[0033] The pressure of the inert gas filling the intermediate annular cavity 62 needs to be slightly greater than the main reaction pressure in the reaction vessel and the regeneration gas pressure in the regeneration pipe (for example, the pressure difference is maintained at 0.05-0.15MPa) to ensure that the gas can only be blown outward, and to completely eliminate the cross-flow of reaction gas and regeneration gas from the perspective of physical pressure difference.

[0034] Flexible positioning and precise drive closed loop: Positioning component 5 is used to ensure the smooth rotation of the turntable at high temperatures. Radial positioning is achieved through a fixed ring 53 and a rotating ring 54. Axial positioning adopts a rigid-flexible "bullseye bearing" system: the upper and lower distribution plates 31 and 32 are equipped with rotating support members 51 with rigid bullseye bearings 512; elastic support members 52 are installed on the cover plate 12 and the bottom support plate 15. A preload spring 523 is placed behind the elastic bullseye bearing 522. The axial positioning clearance can be elastically adjusted by the preload screw 524. The lower discharge shell 13 is provided with an open manhole 131 to facilitate the maintenance of the bottom elastic support member 52.

[0035] The drive mechanism 7 uses a motor 75 in conjunction with a planetary reducer 76 fixed on the support cover 14, which drives the hollow shaft to rotate through a gear 77.

[0036] An explosion-proof servo motor equipped with an absolute encoder (usually a magnetic encoder or rotary transformer, dust-resistant) and a high-precision reducer (such as a planetary reducer with a reduction ratio of 1:100) is used. When the motor rotates 100 times, the reactor main shaft rotates exactly 1 revolution (360 degrees). Because of the reduction ratio, as long as the motor is controlled with even slight accuracy, the positioning accuracy of the reactor main shaft can reach 0.01 degrees, thus achieving precise control.

[0037] The system is equipped with a triple detection system: at least two explosion-proof inductive position sensors 71 are arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate 12 corresponding to each sector to form redundancy; a rotating needle 72 is keyed to the hollow shaft; and an indicator window 73 and an indicator light 74 are provided on the support cover 14 for observing the position of the internal regenerating reaction tank 21. When the rotating needle 72 triggers the sensor, the control system locks the motor to ensure that the material cylinders 44 of the upper and lower turntables achieve micron-level absolute precision docking with the inlet and outlet of the specific sector.

[0038] The sealing rings / gaskets can be made of high-temperature resistant flexible graphite, metal spiral wound gaskets, or silicon carbide ceramic seals; the springs can be made of high-temperature resistant alloy springs (such as Inconel alloy).

[0039] Work process: like Figure 14 The material to be processed (a mixture of water and gas) enters through the material inlet 17 at the top of the shell 11 and passes through the upper distribution plate 31 area. Under the guidance of the distribution cylinder 34, the material passes through the material holes 33 on the upper distribution plate 31 corresponding to each sector, and enters each reaction tank 21 through the sliding cylinder 24 set at the inlet 211. After completing the dehydrogenation and other reactions under the action of the catalyst, the product enters below the lower distribution plate 32 through the sliding cylinder 24 at the lower outlet 212, and finally converges in the outlet shell 13 and is discharged from the material outlet 18.

[0040] Inert gas protection and thermal management process: External inert gas (such as nitrogen) enters the inner cavity of the gas distribution body 161 through the inert gas connecting pipe 163 of the gas distribution plate 16, enters the upper hollow shaft 411 from the inner cavity, and then enters the inert gas receiving cavity 45 in the upper turntable 41.

[0041] Sealed branch: Gas enters the middle annular cavity 62 of the scraper sealing assembly 6 from the first inert gas channel 451 inside the cavity, and the regeneration gas is physically isolated under the action of the sealing ring. At the same time, when the turntable rotates and moves the scraper 641, the gas is discharged from the vortex-shaped air groove 642 at the lower end of the scraper, forming a pneumatic isolation purging to prevent the material from coking or accumulating at the docking interface.

[0042] Isolation and heat dissipation branch: Another branch of gas enters the isolation chamber 23 inside the shell through the second inert gas channel 452, enveloping and isolating each reaction vessel 21 with inert gas. Subsequently, the gas enters the second inert gas channel 452 of the lower turntable 42, enters the lower inert gas receiving chamber 45, and achieves dynamic sealing of the discharge end through the lower middle annular cavity 62. Finally, the gas, carrying the heat inside the system, flows from the lower hollow shaft 421 to the connecting pipe of the lower gas distribution plate 16 and is discharged.

[0043] Monitoring feedback: Temperature sensor 100 and pressure sensor 200 are installed on the outer wall of the housing. By monitoring the status of the isolation chamber 23 in real time, the flow rate and pressure of the inert gas are adjusted to achieve precise regulation of internal heat and pressure balance.

[0044] Catalyst online regeneration process: When the catalyst in the reaction tank 21 of a certain sector is deactivated and needs to be regenerated, the drive mechanism 7 controls the upper turntable 41 and the lower turntable 42 to rotate synchronously, so that the material cylinder 44 is precisely connected with the material hole 33 of that sector.

[0045] Replacement stage: First, inert gas is introduced to replace and purge the remaining material in the reaction vessel 21.

[0046] Charcoal burning stage: Regeneration gas enters regeneration pipe 46 from the upper regeneration connection pipe 162, and then enters reaction tank 21 through material cylinder 44. During the flow process, the regeneration gas is completely protected by the inert gas containment chamber 45, ensuring extremely high safety.

[0047] Discharge stage: The regenerated waste gas after the reaction enters the lower material cylinder 44 and is discharged from the lower regeneration connection pipe 162 through the lower regeneration pipe 46.

[0048] Reset phase: After regeneration is completed, inert gas is introduced again to replace the residual regeneration gas, and then the turntable switches to the next station or standsby.

[0049] Mechanical compensation and positioning mechanism: During system operation, the axial thermal expansion stress under high temperature conditions is effectively offset by the cooperation of the buffer spring 36 and the sliding cylinder 24. The elastic bullseye bearing 522 and the preload spring 523 in the positioning assembly 5 ensure axial stability during the rotation of the turntable, while the cooperation of the position detection sensor 71 and the rotating needle 72 ensures micron-level precise docking between the material cylinder 44 and the inlet / outlet of each sector, preventing air leakage.

[0050] The descriptions of the orientation and relative positional relationships of the structures in this invention, such as descriptions of front, back, left, right, up, and down, do not constitute a limitation of this invention, but are merely for the convenience of description.

Claims

1. A self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly (1) includes a cylindrical housing (11); The reaction vessel assembly (2) is disposed inside the housing (11). The housing (11) is divided into several sectors by a support frame (22). Each sector is equipped with a reaction vessel (21). The support frame (22) forms an isolation cavity (23) between the reaction vessels (21). The upper end of the reaction vessel (21) is provided with a feed inlet (211) and the lower end is provided with a discharge outlet (212). The feed inlet (211) and the discharge outlet (212) of the reaction vessel (21) are both connected to a sliding cylinder (24). The feed distribution plate assembly (3) includes an upper feed distribution plate (31) and a lower feed distribution plate (32) installed at the upper and lower ends of the housing (11) respectively. The upper feed distribution plate (31) and the lower feed distribution plate (32) are elastically connected to the reaction tank (21) to buffer the impact of feeding. The upper feed distribution plate (31) and the lower feed distribution plate (32) are provided with corresponding feed holes (33) for several reaction tanks (21). The regeneration connection assembly (4) is disposed within the upper distribution plate (31) and the lower distribution plate (32), comprising two symmetrically arranged turntables, namely the upper turntable (41) and the lower turntable (42), which are connected by a central rotating shaft (43). A material cylinder (44) is provided on the turntable, and an inert gas containing cavity (45) is provided inside the turntable. The inert gas containing cavities (45) of the upper and lower turntables are connected to the isolation cavity (23). The upper turntable (41) is connected to an upper hollow shaft (411) extending upwards; the lower turntable (42) is connected to a lower hollow shaft (421) extending downwards, the upper hollow shaft (411) and the lower hollow shaft (421) are used to connect to an external inert gas; both the upper hollow shaft (411) and the lower hollow shaft (421) are provided with a regeneration pipe (46), the regeneration pipe (46) is connected to the material cylinder (44) in the inert gas receiving cavity (45); The upper hollow shaft (411) at the upper end of the upper turntable (41) is connected to a drive mechanism (7) for driving the upper turntable (41) and the lower turntable (42) to rotate synchronously. By rotating, the material cylinders (44) at the upper and lower ends are connected to the material holes (33), and the regeneration pipe (46) is connected to at least one of several reaction tanks (21) for introducing gas to burn carbon and realize the regeneration of the catalyst in the reaction tank (21).

2. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a positioning component (5), and the upper dispensing plate (31) and the lower dispensing plate (32) are respectively provided with rotating support members (51). The rotating support member (51) includes a small column (511), and the end of the small column (511) is connected to a rigid bullseye bearing (512). The upper end of the housing (11) is provided with a cover plate (12). An elastic support member (52) is installed on the upper surface inside the cover plate (12). The elastic support member (52) includes a sliding cylinder (521). An elastic bullseye bearing (522) is slidably connected inside the sliding cylinder (521). A preload spring (523) is installed on the end of the elastic bullseye bearing (522) away from the ball. A preload screw (524) is threaded on the cover plate (12). The axial positioning elastic adjustment is achieved by adjusting the preload spring (523) through the preload screw (524).

3. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the housing (11) is connected to the discharge shell (13), and a support plate (15) is connected between the housing (11) and the discharge shell (13). The support plate (15) is provided with the elastic support member (52), and the discharge shell (13) is provided with a manhole (131) for the installation and maintenance of the elastic support member (52). The upper end of the upper material distribution plate (31) is connected to a fixed ring (53), and the lower end of the upper turntable (41) is connected to a rotating ring (54) fitted on the fixed ring (53) for radial positioning.

4. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed inlet (211) and the discharge outlet (212) are respectively provided with sliding cylinders (24). The inner and outer walls of the sliding cylinders (24) are equipped with sealing rings. The distribution plate is provided with a corresponding sliding sleeve (35). The sliding cylinder (24) is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve (35). The sliding sleeve (35) is fitted with a buffer spring (36) on the outside.

5. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material cylinder (44) is a set of scraping and sealing assembly (6). The scraping and sealing assembly (6) includes four concentrically arranged sealing cylinders (61). Three annular cavities are formed between the four sealing cylinders (61). The middle annular cavity (62) in the middle is connected to the inert gas containing cavity (45). The inner and outer annular cavities (63) on both sides are elastically connected with sealing rings. The outer sealing ring is an outer sealing ring (64). The lower end of the outer sealing ring (64) is provided with an outwardly extending scraper (641). The lower end surface of the scraper (641) is uniformly provided with air grooves (642) arranged in a vortex pattern.

6. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the pressure of the inert gas in the intermediate annular cavity (62) increases, the gas is discharged in a vortex shape from the air groove (642) on the lower end face of the scraper (641) to blow away the material mixed with water and gas inside; the sealing ring located inside is an inner sealing ring (65), and a sealing gasket (651) is installed at the lower end of the inner sealing ring (65).

7. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes a detection component. A position detection sensor (71) is arranged on the upper surface of the cover plate (12). The position detection sensor (71) is an explosion-proof inductive proximity switch. A rotating needle (72) is keyed to the upper hollow shaft (411). The position detection sensor (71) is arranged to correspond to the feed inlets of several internal sectors. When the rotating needle (72) rotates and triggers the position detection sensor (71) at the corresponding position, the material cylinders (44) of the upper and lower turntables are precisely connected to the feed inlet (211) and the discharge outlet (212) of the corresponding sector, respectively. Each sector is equipped with at least two of the aforementioned position detection sensors (71) to form redundancy.

8. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper end of the cover plate (12) is connected to a support cover (14). The support cover (14) has an indicator window (73) corresponding to several sectors. The position detection sensor (71) arranged inside is provided with an indicator light (74) to observe the movement position of the internal material cylinder (44) through the indicator window (73).

9. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (7) includes a motor (75), and a planetary reducer (76) is installed at the output end of the motor (75). The planetary reducer (76) is fixed on the support cover (14), and its output end extends into the support cover (14) and is connected to the upper hollow shaft (411) through a gear (77).

10. The self-regenerating fixed-bed reaction system for heterogeneous catalytic reactions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the upper distribution plate (31) is provided with a material inlet (17) corresponding to the shell (11), and a distribution cylinder (34) is provided on the upper turntable (41) inside, which is used to guide the incoming material to the material hole (33) of the distribution plate; an arc plate (37) is provided on the inner wall of the distribution cylinder (34) corresponding to the position of the material cylinder (44), which is used to prevent the material from directly impacting the material cylinder (44) when the material cylinder (44) rotates to the position of the material inlet (17).

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