Intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station numerical control

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of machining machine tools and discloses an intelligent turning machining machine tool based on multi-station numerical control, which comprises a machine tool body, a clamping mechanism arranged at one end of the machine tool body, a sliding rail arranged at the bottom of the clamping mechanism, a movable base slidingly installed on the sliding rail, a cutter mounting rack arranged at the top of the movable base, a cutting tool arranged on the cutter mounting rack through fasteners and a tailstock slidingly installed on the sliding rail, a chip breaking component is detachably arranged at the top of the cutter mounting rack, the chip breaking component comprises a high-pressure cooling assembly and a chip blocking assembly arranged on the high-pressure cooling assembly, and the chip blocking assembly comprises a baffle slidingly installed on the high-pressure cooling assembly. The baffle can move forward and backward and deflect in an angle along with the impact of the cutting chip through design, and the high-pressure cooling assembly can exert instantaneous impact load at the bending point of the cutting chip, so that the chip breaking effect is further strengthened, and the problem that the cutting chip slips on the surface of the baffle or cannot be broken is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, and in particular to an intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry, high-end CNC machine tools are constantly evolving towards higher precision, higher efficiency, and automation. In digital workshops and unmanned production lines, tubular workpieces, as common basic components, directly determine the performance of the final product through their machining quality. However, chip removal and chip breaking have always been key bottlenecks restricting machining efficiency and production cycle time during the machining of tubular workpieces. Especially when machining long-chipped materials, if chip breaking is not timely and effective, continuous long iron chips can easily become entangled on the workpiece or cutting tool, not only scratching the machined surface and causing the workpiece to be scrapped, but also potentially damaging the cutting tool and even causing machine tool failure, forcing the production line to stop for repair, seriously affecting the stability and continuity of flexible manufacturing systems.

[0003] Existing chip-breaking technologies are mainly divided into two categories: mechanical chip breaking and high-pressure coolant chip breaking. Among them, Chinese patent application CN117381077A discloses a chip-breaking turning method for tapered internal threads. This method involves creating a chip-breaking hole on the tool holder of the threading tool and using high-pressure water (up to 70 MPa) to directly impact the chips generated at the cutting point, causing them to break. While this technology solves the problems of chip accumulation and scratches in internal thread machining to some extent, its reliance on high-pressure coolant flushing for chip breaking still has many drawbacks in practical applications.

[0004] First, this method, which involves creating a chip-breaking hole through the tool holder of a threading tool and using high-pressure water to directly impact the chips generated at the cutting point, effectively solves the problems of chip accumulation and scratches in internal threading. However, its chip-breaking method is highly dependent on a dedicated tool holder with a specific structure, resulting in poor adaptability to different tool specifications. Second, relying solely on the impact force of high-pressure fluid for chip breaking makes its stability highly susceptible to the influence of cutting parameters, material hardness, and chip morphology. For tubular workpieces with high toughness or large cutting thickness, the high-pressure water flow often fails to accurately impact the stress concentration points of the chips, leading to unstable chip-breaking results and even the phenomenon of "no chip breaking," which is difficult to meet the stringent requirements of intelligent manufacturing for process reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Given that existing technologies rely on dedicated tool holders, resulting in poor adaptability of chip breaking structures and insufficient chip breaking stability, an intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control is proposed.

[0006] This application provides an intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control. Its purpose is to provide a compact composite chip-breaking component that combines mechanical stops and high-pressure flushing to improve the processing efficiency and stability of the multi-station intelligent turning machine tool.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control, comprising a machine tool body, a clamping mechanism disposed at one end of the machine tool body, a slide rail disposed at the bottom of the clamping mechanism, a movable base slidably mounted on the slide rail, a tool mounting bracket disposed at the top of the movable base, a cutting tool disposed on the tool mounting bracket by fasteners, and a tailstock slidably mounted on the slide rail. A chip breaking component is detachably mounted on the top of the tool mounting bracket. The chip breaking component includes a high-pressure cooling assembly and a chip blocking assembly disposed on the high-pressure cooling assembly. The chip blocking assembly includes a baffle slidably mounted on the high-pressure cooling assembly. The baffle moves back and forth and deflects at an angle relative to the rake face of the cutting tool to change the curling radius and impact angle of the chip flow.

[0008] Furthermore, the top surface of the tool mounting bracket is provided with a mounting groove, and a pad is provided between the top surface of the mounting groove and the cutting tool. The top of the machine tool body is provided with an intelligent control mechanism. The high-pressure cooling assembly includes at least one first nozzle and a second nozzle provided at the bottom of the baffle. The liquid outlet direction of the first nozzle and the second nozzle is directed towards the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool and the chip.

[0009] Furthermore, the chip-blocking assembly also includes a support plate elastically mounted on the first nozzle tube, an inclined rod fixedly mounted on the side of the support plate near the baffle, an elliptical groove formed on the outer wall of the baffle for the inclined rod to pass through, and a first elastic element sleeved on the wall of the inclined rod for pressing against the baffle.

[0010] Furthermore, the chip-blocking assembly also includes a first push rod and a second push rod fixedly installed on the side of the support plate near the baffle. The length of the first push rod is greater than that of the second push rod. When the baffle slides upward along the axis of the inclined rod, and the side of the baffle near the support plate contacts the end of the first push rod, the baffle can be deflected towards the direction of the second push rod under the pressure of the end of the first push rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the chip-blocking assembly also includes a through groove formed on the outer wall of the support plate for the first nozzle tube to pass through, and a guide groove formed on the outer wall of the support plate for the second nozzle tube to slide.

[0012] Furthermore, the chip-breaking component also includes a base that can be detachably installed on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket via a connecting buckle and bolts, and the tube body of the first nozzle is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base. The chip-blocking assembly also includes a third elastic element sleeved on the tube body of the first nozzle, and one end of the third elastic element is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the base, and the other end of the third elastic element is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support plate. The high-pressure cooling assembly also includes a fixed tube fixedly installed inside the base, a steering box fixedly installed at one end of the fixed tube, an elastic hose fixedly installed at one end of the fixed tube and located inside the steering box, a movable plate fixedly installed at the end of the elastic hose away from the fixed tube, and a through hole opened in the cylinder wall of the steering box for the second nozzle to deflect. The side of the movable plate away from the elastic hose is fixedly connected to the end of the second nozzle near the base. The outer diameter of the movable plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the steering box, so that the movable plate has sufficient space to deflect at an angle inside the steering box.

[0013] Furthermore, the chip-blocking assembly also includes a pressure groove formed on the bottom surface of the baffle for squeezing the second nozzle tube body; the high-pressure cooling assembly also includes at least one second elastic element fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steering box, and the second elastic element is evenly distributed at the bottom of the elastic hose. When the baffle slides upward along the axis of the inclined bar, the pressure groove on the bottom surface of the baffle no longer squeezes the second nozzle tube body. Under the elastic force of the second elastic element, the second nozzle tube body is driven to slide along the guide groove and deflect obliquely upward. The liquid outlet direction of the second nozzle changes from the contact area between the cutting tool rake face and the chip to the chip area obliquely above the cutting tool.

[0014] Furthermore, a slider is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base, and a slot for the slider to slide is provided on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket.

[0015] Furthermore, a protruding ridge is fixedly connected to the side of the baffle away from the support plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a water pump is installed below the tool mounting bracket. The inlet end of the water pump is fixedly connected to a delivery pipe, and the outlet end of the water pump is connected to the inlet end of the first nozzle and the fixed pipe respectively through connecting pipes.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. By using a baffle and its protruding ridges, the contact between the chip and the baffle is transformed from surface contact to line or point contact, increasing the local pressure on the chip and forcing stress concentration and severe local deformation. This reduces the critical breaking force and effectively solves the problem of traditional high-pressure water jet chip breaking requiring extremely high precision in spray positioning and poor chip breaking effect for high-toughness materials. Simultaneously, the baffle can move back and forth and deflect at different angles with the chip impact. Combined with the high-pressure cooling components, instantaneous impact loads are applied at the chip bending point, further enhancing the chip breaking effect. This effectively prevents the chip from slipping or failing to break on the baffle surface. Furthermore, the protruding ridges enhance the structural rigidity of the baffle, preventing deformation under high-frequency impact, and enabling efficient handling of long, thin chips with high toughness or thickness.

[0019] 2. Through the mechanical linkage of the inclined rod, the first elastic element, the first push rod, and the second push rod, the baffle can automatically adjust its position and angle according to the chip load, changing the chip curling radius and impact angle to prevent excessive chip accumulation and jamming. The second elastic element in the high-pressure cooling assembly cooperates with the pressure groove, allowing the spray direction of the second nozzle to adaptively switch with the baffle displacement. Without external sensors or electrical control, it achieves rapid response and high reliability in cooling and chip breaking strategy optimization purely through mechanical linkage, greatly improving chip breaking efficiency and machining stability under complex working conditions. Furthermore, the chip breaking component, as an independent module, can be quickly assembled and disassembled through structures such as sliders, slots, and connecting buckles. It can be flexibly installed at different tool positions or removed for maintenance according to machining needs, significantly improving the machine tool's flexible machining capabilities and equipment maintenance efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an overall perspective view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tool mounting bracket in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cutting tool in this invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the water pump in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation of the chip-blocking assembly and the high-pressure cooling assembly in this invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the steering box in this invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixing tube in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the second elastic element in this invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the support plate and baffle in this invention;

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the slider installation in this invention;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the elliptical groove in this invention;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the high-pressure cooling component in this invention;

[0033] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the movement state of the baffle under the push of waste chips according to the present invention.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1. Machine tool body; 2. Clamping mechanism; 3. Intelligent control mechanism; 4. Slide rail; 5. Movable base; 6. Tool mounting bracket; 7. Tailstock; 8. Cutting tool; 9. Mounting slot; 10. Pad; 11. Chip blocking assembly; 12. High-pressure cooling assembly; 13. Base; 14. First nozzle; 15. Second nozzle; 16. Baffle; 17. Support plate; 18. Diagonal bar; 19. Fixed tube; 20. Turning box; 21. Elastic hose; 22. Movable plate; 23. Second elastic element; 24. Through hole; 25. Guide groove; 26. Pressure groove; 27. First elastic element; 28. First push rod; 29. ​​Second push rod; 30. Elliptical groove; 31. Through groove; 32. Third elastic element; 33. Slider; 34. Slot; 35. Connecting buckle; 36. Connecting tube; 37. Water pump; 38. Liquid delivery tube; 39. Fastener; 40. Raised ridge. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Example 1, referring to Figures 1-14The first embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control, comprising a machine tool body 1, a clamping mechanism 2 disposed at one end of the machine tool body 1, a slide rail 4 disposed at the bottom of the clamping mechanism 2, a movable base 5 slidably mounted on the slide rail 4, a tool mounting bracket 6 disposed at the top of the movable base 5, a cutting tool 8 disposed on the tool mounting bracket 6 by fasteners 39, and a tailstock 7 slidably mounted on the slide rail 4. A chip breaking component is detachably mounted on the top of the tool mounting bracket 6, the chip breaking component including a high-pressure cooling assembly 12 and a chip blocking assembly 11 disposed on the high-pressure cooling assembly 12. A mounting groove 9 is formed on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket 6, and a pad 10 is disposed between the top surface of the mounting groove 9 and the cutting tool 8. An intelligent control mechanism 3 is disposed on the top of the machine tool body 1.

[0038] Specifically, the clamping mechanism 2 mainly consists of a spindle box, a high-precision spindle, a bearing assembly, and a power chuck. It is responsible for clamping the tube body of the tubular workpiece and driving its rotation, providing the main motion required for cutting. The tailstock 7 consists of a tailstock body, a sleeve, and a center. It can slide and adjust its position on the slide rail 4 according to the length of the tubular workpiece and lock it in place. It is used to support the tail end of the workpiece and prevent the long tube from bending and deforming under the cutting force. Through the cooperation of the clamping mechanism 2 and the tailstock 7, the tube body and end of the tubular workpiece are stably fixed. By adjusting the pad 10, it can accommodate cutting tools 8 of different heights, ensuring the consistency of the cutting center height, and matching the height of the chip breaker with that of the cutting tool 8. The slide rail 4 is usually a linear guide rail, laid parallel to the machine tool body 1, as a guide rail.

[0039] The movable base 5 can move precisely back and forth on the slide rail 4. As a support platform, it supports the tool mounting bracket 6. An adjustment mechanism is also provided between the movable base 5 and the tool mounting bracket 6, allowing for flexible adjustment of the cutting position of the tool mounting bracket 6 and the cutting tool 8 during cutting. The tool mounting bracket 6 typically adopts a turret tool holder structure, with a standardized mounting slot 9 on its top surface for mounting the cutting tool 8 and chip breaker. It moves with the movable base 5 to achieve the tool's feed motion. The fastener 39 can be a hex bolt, socket head cap screw, T-bolt, clamping screw, or special tool clamping screw, etc. High-strength socket head cap screws are preferred here to ensure that the cutting tool 8 does not loosen or shift during high-speed cutting. The intelligent control mechanism 3 is fixedly installed on the top or side of the machine tool body 1. It consists of a CNC system, an operation panel, a servo driver, and various sensors. It is electrically connected to the spindle drive of the clamping mechanism 2, the feed drive of the movable base 5, the adjustment mechanism between the movable base 5 and the tool mounting bracket 6, and the water pump 37 of the chip breaking component. Through a preset program, it coordinates the actions of each component to achieve automated machining. The various technical features work together: the machine tool body 1 provides support, the slide rail 4 provides guidance, the clamping mechanism 2 and tailstock 7 clamp the workpiece, and the intelligent control mechanism 3 directs the movable base 5 to drive the tool mounting bracket 6 and the cutting tool 8 for precise cutting. It should be noted that the above technical features are all mature existing technologies and can be flexibly selected according to needs during use. Further details on these technical features are omitted here.

[0040] Reference Figures 5-6 The chip baffle assembly 11 includes a baffle 16 slidably mounted on the high-pressure cooling assembly 12. The baffle 16 moves back and forth and deflects at an angle relative to the rake face of the cutting tool 8 to change the curling radius and impact angle of the chip flow.

[0041] Specifically, when a continuous stream of long chips flows out and presses against the baffle 16, the baffle 16 can move back and forth and deflect at an angle. Due to the mechanical obstruction, the chips undergo forced bending deformation, resulting in stress concentration inside the chips. Combined with the shearing force of the cutting motion, this makes the chips easier to break. This chip-blocking assembly 11 is not dependent on specific tool specifications, solving the problem of extremely high precision requirements for the spray position and susceptibility to chip morphology when relying solely on high-pressure water flow for chip breaking. This significantly improves the stability and reliability of chip breaking.

[0042] Reference Figures 5-6 as well as Figure 13 The high-pressure cooling assembly 12 includes at least one first nozzle 14 and a second nozzle 15 disposed at the bottom of the baffle 16. The liquid outlet direction of the first nozzle 14 and the second nozzle 15 is directed toward the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool 8 and the chip.

[0043] Specifically, the first nozzle 14 is mainly responsible for providing high-flow-rate cooling and lubrication to the cutting area, reducing the cutting temperature, and simultaneously providing initial hydraulic impact to the root of the newly formed chip. The second nozzle 15 is integrated into the bottom of the baffle 16 and tilts upward synchronously with the adjustment of the position of the baffle 16. The high-pressure coolant it sprays can precisely act on the inner side of the chip or the break point that is forcibly bent by the baffle 16.

[0044] When the chip is bent and deformed by the mechanical obstruction of the baffle 16, the high-pressure fluid ejected by the second nozzle 15 applies an instantaneous impact load at the mechanical bending point, which effectively reduces the critical force required for chip breakage. This enables efficient processing of long strip chips generated by tough materials or large cutting thicknesses, effectively solving the drawback of the single high-pressure water flushing chip breaking method mentioned in the prior art, which has poor chip breaking effect when facing high toughness materials.

[0045] Reference Figure 10 The side of the baffle 16 away from the support plate 17 is fixedly connected with a protruding rib 40.

[0046] Specifically, the protruding ridge 40 serves as a stress concentration point in direct contact with the chip. Its design principle is as follows: when a continuously flowing long chip impacts the surface of the baffle 16, the protruding ridge 40 can first contact the chip, transforming surface contact into line or point contact, significantly increasing the local pressure on the chip. This forces the chip to undergo severe local deformation and stress concentration at the moment of impact, reducing the critical force required for chip breakage. This makes it easier to break chips with greater toughness or thickness, effectively preventing the chip from slipping or failing to break on the surface of the baffle 16. Simultaneously, it enhances the structural rigidity of the baffle 16 itself, preventing deformation under high-frequency impact.

[0047] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the protruding ridge 40 is rectangular or approximately rectangular. Multiple rectangular protruding ridges 40 are arranged in a stepped shape, and the contact sequence of the chips is changed by steps of different heights, gradually increasing the pressure. In addition to this shape, the protruding ridge 40 can also be designed as a sawtooth shape, a wave shape, an arc shape, a polygon shape, etc. These shapes can all change the contact mode or stress distribution and are all within the protection scope of this embodiment, achieving effective chip breaking and improving the stiffness of the baffle 16.

[0048] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 10 as well as Figure 12 The chip-blocking assembly 11 also includes a support plate 17 elastically mounted on the tube of the first nozzle 14, a diagonal rod 18 fixedly mounted on the side of the support plate 17 near the baffle 16, an elliptical groove 30 opened on the outer wall of the baffle 16 for the diagonal rod 18 to pass through, and a first elastic member 27 sleeved on the wall of the diagonal rod 18 for pressing against the baffle 16.

[0049] Specifically, the first elastic element 27 can be a component with elastic stroke, such as a helical compression spring or a disc spring, and is preferably a cylindrical helical compression spring in this case. Through the action of the inclined rod 18 and the first elastic element 27, when the baffle 16 is pushed by continuous long chips, the baffle 16 can produce a back-and-forth rebound effect. By adjusting the position of the baffle 16, the curling radius and impact angle of the chips during the chip flow process can be changed more flexibly, making the chips easier to break.

[0050] When a large number of chips generated during the cutting process continuously impact the baffle 16, the baffle 16 will be subjected to a large thrust, overcoming the resistance of the first elastic element 27 and sliding upward along the axis of the inclined rod 18. This sliding process not only provides mechanical cushioning, protecting the baffle 16 and the tool from rigid impact damage, but also provides precise guidance for the displacement of the baffle 16 through the cooperation of the elliptical groove 30 and the inclined rod 18, ensuring the stability of the position of the baffle 16 under dynamic working conditions.

[0051] Reference Figure 10 The chip-blocking assembly 11 also includes a first push rod 28 and a second push rod 29 fixedly installed on the side of the support plate 17 near the baffle 16. The length of the first push rod 28 is greater than that of the second push rod 29. When the baffle 16 slides upward along the axis of the inclined rod 18, and the side of the baffle 16 near the support plate 17 contacts the end of the first push rod 28, the baffle 16 can be deflected towards the direction of the second push rod 29 under the pressure of the end of the first push rod 28.

[0052] Specifically, as the baffle 16 slides upward along the axis of the inclined rod 18, with the increase of displacement, the side of the baffle 16 closest to the support plate 17 will first contact the end of the longer first push rod 28. Due to the length advantage of the first push rod 28, its end will apply a squeezing force to one side of the baffle 16, while the other side of the baffle 16 has not yet contacted the shorter second push rod 29 or is subjected to less force. This asymmetrical pressure distribution will generate a torque, forcing the baffle 16 to deflect towards the second push rod 29. Thus, the baffle 16 can automatically change its working angle when subjected to greater chip pressure, adjust the chip curling radius and discharge direction, prevent chips from jamming due to excessive accumulation, and significantly improve the flexibility and adaptability of the chip breaking process. It should be noted that the elliptical groove 30 provides sufficient rotation space for the baffle 16 to deflect towards the second push rod 29, ensuring that the baffle 16 can deflect on the inclined rod 18.

[0053] Reference Figures 5-6 ,as well as Figure 11The chip-breaking component also includes a base 13 that is detachably mounted on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket 6 via a connecting buckle 35 and bolts. The tube body of the first nozzle 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base 13. The chip-blocking assembly 11 also includes a third elastic member 32 sleeved on the tube body of the first nozzle 14. One end of the third elastic member 32 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the base 13, and the other end of the third elastic member 32 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support plate 17. A slider 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base 13, and a slot 34 for the slider 33 to slide is provided on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket 6.

[0054] Specifically, through the cooperation of slider 33 and slot 34, the base 13 can be quickly pre-positioned simply by sliding slider 33 into slot 34, and then locked with connecting buckle 35 and bolt. This makes the chip breaking component an independent functional module that can be quickly installed at different tool mounting positions according to machining needs, or removed from the machine tool for maintenance, significantly improving the machine tool's flexible machining capabilities and equipment maintenance efficiency.

[0055] The third elastic element 32 can be a compression spring, wave spring, or other part with elastic stroke. Here, a cylindrical helical compression spring is preferred. When the baffle 16 is impacted by chips and tends to displace, the third elastic element 32 provides the necessary elastic buffer to protect the relevant connecting parts from rigid damage. Simultaneously, the elastic reaction force helps the baffle 16 return to its normal operating position after the impact, thus ensuring the continuity and stability of the chip-breaking action.

[0056] Example 2, refer to Figures 1-14 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the chip-blocking assembly 11 further includes a through groove 31 formed on the outer wall of the support plate 17 for the passage of the first nozzle 14 tube, and a guide groove 25 formed on the outer wall of the support plate 17 for the sliding of the second nozzle 15 tube. The high-pressure cooling assembly 12 also includes a fixed pipe 19 fixedly installed inside the base 13, a steering box 20 fixedly installed at one end of the fixed pipe 19, an elastic hose 21 fixedly installed at one end of the fixed pipe 19 and located inside the steering box 20, a movable plate 22 fixedly installed at the end of the elastic hose 21 away from the fixed pipe 19, and a through hole 24 formed in the cylinder wall of the steering box 20 for the second nozzle 15 to deflect. The side of the movable plate 22 away from the elastic hose 21 is fixedly connected to the end of the second nozzle 15 near the base 13. The outer diameter of the movable plate 22 is smaller than the inner diameter of the steering box 20, allowing the movable plate 22 sufficient space to deflect at an angle inside the steering box 20. A water pump 37 is installed below the tool mounting bracket 6. The inlet end of the water pump 37 is fixedly connected to a liquid delivery pipe 38. The outlet end of the water pump 37 is connected to the inlet end of the first nozzle 14 and the fixed pipe 19 respectively through a connecting pipe 36.

[0057] Specifically, the through groove 31 allows the support plate 17 to move axially to a limited extent under elastic action. The guide groove 25 allows the tube body of the second nozzle 15 to slide, providing a precise motion track for the angle deflection of the second nozzle 15. This makes the spray angle of the second nozzle 15 no longer fixed, but can be flexibly adjusted within the limitation range of the steering box 20 according to the external force, thereby realizing dynamic tracking and precise spraying of the chip area.

[0058] Reference Figures 7-12 The chip-blocking assembly 11 also includes a pressure groove 26 formed on the bottom surface of the baffle 16 for pressing the tube body of the second nozzle 15; the high-pressure cooling assembly 12 also includes at least one second elastic element 23 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steering box 20, and the second elastic element 23 is evenly distributed at the bottom of the elastic hose 21. When the baffle 16 slides upward along the axis of the inclined bar 18, the pressure groove 26 on the bottom surface of the baffle 16 no longer presses the tube body of the second nozzle 15. Under the elastic force of the second elastic element 23, the tube body of the second nozzle 15 is driven to slide along the guide groove 25 and deflect obliquely upward. The liquid outlet direction of the second nozzle 15 changes from the contact area between the front face of the cutting tool 8 and the chip to the chip area obliquely above the cutting tool 8.

[0059] Specifically, the second elastic element 23 can be a compression spring, a spring sheet, or a polyurethane elastomer, or other part with an elastic stroke. Here, a cylindrical helical compression spring is preferred, and preferably multiple springs are evenly distributed at the bottom of the elastic hose 21. Using a cylindrical helical compression spring allows for direct upward thrust on the movable plate 22, which, in conjunction with the internal spatial structure of the steering box 20, enables precise control of the liquid discharge direction of the second nozzle 15.

[0060] During operation, when the amount of chips is small, the baffle 16 is in its initial position, and the pressure groove 26 on its bottom surface squeezes the tube of the second nozzle 15, forcing the nozzle to spray downwards towards the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool 8 and the chips. When the amount of chips increases, as the chips push the baffle 16 upwards along the inclined rod 18, the pressure groove 26 gradually stops squeezing the second nozzle 15. At this time, the compressed second elastic element 23 releases its elastic force, pushing the movable plate 22 to deflect within the steering box 20, thereby causing the tube of the second nozzle 15 to slide obliquely upwards along the guide groove 25. This achieves adaptive switching of the liquid outlet direction of the second nozzle 15, changing the liquid outlet direction of the second nozzle 15 from the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool 8 and the chips to the chip area obliquely above the cutting tool 8. This adaptive adjustment mechanism requires no external sensors or electrical control, relying solely on mechanical linkage. It is highly responsive and reliable, and can optimize cooling and chip breaking strategies in real time according to changes in cutting load, greatly improving chip breaking efficiency and machining stability under complex working conditions.

[0061] The remaining structure is the same as that in Example 1.

[0062] Working principle:

[0063] During the cutting process, the tubular workpiece is firmly fixed by the clamping mechanism 2 and the tailstock 7. The cutting tool 8 performs cutting operations, and the initial liquid discharge direction of the first nozzle 14 and the second nozzle 15 both point towards the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool 8 and the chips. The continuous long chips generated by cutting impact the baffle 16 with the protruding ridge 40. The protruding ridge 40 transforms the surface contact into line contact, increasing the local pressure and causing stress concentration and initial deformation of the chips. As the amount of chips increases, the baffle 16 slides along the axis of the inclined bar 18 under the push of the chips and compresses the first elastic element 27. At the same time, when the baffle 16 slides upward due to the increased chip load, the pressure groove 26 releases pressure, and the second elastic element 23 releases its elastic force to push the movable plate 22, causing the tube body of the second nozzle 15 to deflect obliquely upward along the guide groove 25. The liquid discharge direction of the second nozzle 15 changes from the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool 8 and the chips to the chip area obliquely above the cutting tool 8, realizing dynamic tracking and precise spraying of the chip area.

[0064] During the sliding process, when the baffle 16 contacts the longer first push rod 28, the first push rod 28 forces the baffle 16 to deflect towards the second push rod 29, thereby changing the curling radius and impact angle of the chip. This allows the equipment to automatically switch the coolant spray direction according to the chip load. While mechanically bending the chip, the high-pressure fluid applies an impact load at the bending point to achieve efficient chip breakage and discharge.

[0065] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control, comprising a machine tool body (1), a clamping mechanism (2) disposed at one end of the machine tool body (1), a slide rail (4) disposed at the bottom of the clamping mechanism (2), a movable base (5) slidably mounted on the slide rail (4), a tool mounting bracket (6) disposed at the top of the movable base (5), a cutting tool (8) disposed on the tool mounting bracket (6) by fasteners (39), and a tailstock (7) slidably mounted on the slide rail (4), characterized in that, The top of the tool mounting bracket (6) is detachably equipped with a chip breaking component, which includes a high-pressure cooling assembly (12) and a chip blocking assembly (11) disposed on the high-pressure cooling assembly (12). The chip-blocking assembly (11) includes a baffle (16) slidably mounted on the high-pressure cooling assembly (12). The baffle (16) moves back and forth and deflects at an angle relative to the rake face of the cutting tool (8) to change the curling radius and impact angle of the chip flow. The chip-blocking assembly (11) further includes a support plate (17) elastically mounted on the tube of the first nozzle (14), an inclined rod (18) fixedly mounted on the side of the support plate (17) near the baffle (16), an elliptical groove (30) opened on the outer wall of the baffle (16) for the inclined rod (18) to pass through, and a first elastic member (27) sleeved on the wall of the inclined rod (18) for pressing against the baffle (16). The chip-blocking assembly (11) further includes a first push rod (28) and a second push rod (29) fixedly installed on the side of the support plate (17) near the baffle (16), and the length of the first push rod (28) is greater than that of the second push rod (29). When the baffle (16) slides upward along the axis of the inclined rod (18), when the side of the baffle (16) near the support plate (17) contacts the end of the first push rod (28), under the pressure of the end of the first push rod (28), the baffle (16) can be deflected towards the direction of the second push rod (29). The chip-breaking component also includes a base (13) that is detachably installed on the top surface of the tool mounting bracket (6) via a connecting buckle (35) and bolts, and the tube body of the first nozzle (14) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the base (13). The chip-blocking assembly (11) also includes a third elastic element (32) sleeved on the tube body of the first nozzle (14), and one end of the third elastic element (32) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the base (13), and the other end of the third elastic element (32) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support plate (17). The high-pressure cooling assembly (12) also includes a fixed tube (19) fixedly installed inside the base (13), a steering box (20) fixedly installed at one end of the fixed tube (19), an elastic hose (21) fixedly installed at one end of the fixed tube (19) and located inside the steering box (20), a movable plate (22) fixedly installed at the end of the elastic hose (21) away from the fixed tube (19), and a through hole (24) opened in the cylinder wall of the steering box (20) for the second nozzle (15) to deflect. The side of the movable plate (22) away from the elastic hose (21) is fixedly connected to the end of the second nozzle (15) near the base (13). The outer diameter of the movable plate (22) is smaller than the inner diameter of the steering box (20), so that the movable plate (22) has enough space to deflect at an angle inside the steering box (20).

2. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool mounting bracket (6) has a mounting groove (9) on its top surface. A pad (10) is provided between the top surface of the mounting groove (9) and the cutting tool (8). The machine tool body (1) is provided with an intelligent control mechanism (3) on its top. The high-pressure cooling assembly (12) includes at least one first nozzle (14) and a second nozzle (15) located at the bottom of the baffle (16). The liquid outlet direction of the first nozzle (14) and the second nozzle (15) is directed towards the contact area between the rake face of the cutting tool (8) and the chip.

3. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip-blocking assembly (11) further includes a through groove (31) formed on the outer wall of the support plate (17) for the first nozzle (14) to pass through, and a guide groove (25) formed on the outer wall of the support plate (17) for the second nozzle (15) to slide.

4. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip-blocking assembly (11) also includes a groove (26) formed on the bottom surface of the baffle (16) for pressing the tube body of the second nozzle (15). The high-pressure cooling assembly (12) also includes at least one second elastic element (23) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steering box (20), and the second elastic element (23) is evenly distributed at the bottom of the elastic hose (21). When the baffle (16) slides upward along the axis of the inclined rod (18), the pressure groove (26) on the bottom surface of the baffle (16) no longer squeezes the body of the second nozzle (15). Under the elastic force of the second elastic element (23), the body of the second nozzle (15) slides along the guide groove (25) and deflects obliquely upward. The liquid outlet direction of the second nozzle (15) changes from the contact area between the front face of the cutting tool (8) and the chip to the chip area obliquely above the cutting tool (8).

5. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the base (13) is fixedly connected to a slider (33), and the top surface of the tool mounting bracket (6) is provided with a slot (34) for the slider (33) to slide.

6. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the baffle (16) away from the support plate (17) is fixedly connected with a protruding rib (40).

7. The intelligent turning machine tool based on multi-station CNC control according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (37) is provided below the tool mounting bracket (6). The inlet end of the water pump (37) is fixedly connected to a delivery pipe (38). The outlet end of the water pump (37) is connected to the inlet end of the first nozzle (14) and the fixed pipe (19) respectively through a connecting pipe (36).

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