Formula of organic fertilizer for improving oil content of tobacco leaves, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation and tobacco planting, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer formula for improving tobacco leaf oil content, and a preparation method and application thereof. The obtained compound organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter, various nutrient elements and active substances by compounding cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds and sugarcane residue according to specific proportions, and the four have significant synergistic effect, thereby synergistically improving soil and fertilizing, significantly improving soil fertility, and promoting the healthy growth of tobacco plants through the allelopathy of active substances. Further, after the organic fertilizer is applied with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, the tobacco leaf oil content, sensory quality, appearance quality and economic traits can be significantly improved, the synergy of soil fertilization and tobacco leaf quality improvement is realized; in addition, the application of the organic fertilizer with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the inorganic nitrogen fertilizer amount by 20%, realize the resource utilization of waste, improve the soil environment, and further achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer and increasing efficiency, and realize green and sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic fertilizer preparation and tobacco planting technology, specifically relating to an organic fertilizer formula for improving the oil content of tobacco leaves, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop, and its yield and quality directly affect tobacco farmers' income and the development of the cigarette industry. Nitrogen is the core nutrient element affecting the growth and quality formation of flue-cured tobacco. However, for a long time, the excessive application of chemical nitrogen fertilizers in tobacco fields has been widespread in pursuit of high yields. This not only increases production costs but also triggers a series of problems, such as an imbalance in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants, manifested as excessively thick leaves, excessively high nicotine content, and uncoordinated internal chemical components (such as an imbalanced sugar-to-alkali ratio), thus severely reducing the sensory quality and industrial usability of tobacco leaves. At the same time, excessive nitrogen application also exacerbates soil compaction, acidification, decreased microbial diversity, and agricultural non-point source pollution, threatening the sustainable production of tobacco fields. More seriously, long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers leads to an imbalance in the soil microbial community, a reduction in the number of beneficial microorganisms, a decrease in soil enzyme activity, and a weakening of the soil's self-regulating capacity. Moreover, this soil degradation process is often gradual and irreversible, requiring several years to recover once it occurs. Furthermore, the excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to excessive vegetative growth in tobacco plants, deteriorating ventilation and light penetration in the field, increasing the risk of pests and diseases, and further affecting the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. Therefore, how to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and restore degraded soil while ensuring the yield and quality of tobacco leaves has become a core issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the tobacco planting industry.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, researchers in this field have been exploring alternative technologies for reducing fertilizer use while increasing efficiency. Among these, partially replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer has proven to be an effective way to coordinate tobacco plant nutrition, improve tobacco leaf quality, and enrich the soil. Rapeseed cake, as a high-quality organic fertilizer source, is rich in organic matter and various nutrients, but its use alone has limitations in terms of nutrient release rate and organic matter composition. Sugarcane bagasse, as an agricultural waste, is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and other organic matter, possessing the potential to improve soil structure; however, research on its application as a dedicated organic fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco is currently lacking. Therefore, providing an organic fertilizer that can effectively replace a portion of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, significantly improving the overall quality of tobacco leaves while improving the soil environment and promoting tobacco plant growth, is a pressing technical problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an organic fertilizer formula for improving the oil content of tobacco leaves, its preparation method and application. The organic fertilizer can not only effectively replace part of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer, but also achieve the technical effects of improving tobacco quality, promoting tobacco growth and improving tobacco planting soil.

[0005] This invention provides an organic fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in weight percentages: 30%~50% cow manure, 10%~25% rapeseed cake, 10%~50% coffee grounds, and 15%~35% sugarcane bagasse.

[0006] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages: 40% cow manure, 15% rapeseed cake, 20% coffee grounds, and 25% sugarcane bagasse.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising: mixing cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds and sugarcane bagasse and adjusting the moisture content to 55%~65%, composting the moisture-adjusted mixture until it is fully decomposed, and obtaining the organic fertilizer.

[0008] The present invention also provides the application of the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution as a tobacco fertilizer.

[0009] Preferably, the application includes: using the organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer together as tobacco fertilizer; the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used is no more than 80% of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco planting area.

[0010] The present invention also provides a tobacco fertilizer, comprising organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer; wherein the organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated as pure nitrogen, and the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is (100~300):(6~7).

[0012] The present invention also provides the application of the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution, or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, or the tobacco fertilizer described in the above technical solution, in improving tobacco planting soil, promoting tobacco growth, and improving tobacco quality.

[0013] Preferably, the improvement of tobacco quality includes enhancing one or more of the following: tobacco oil content, sensory quality, appearance quality, and economic traits.

[0014] Preferably, the organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer; the amount of organic fertilizer used is 100~300 kg / mu, and the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco fertilizer is 6~7 kg / mu.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This invention combines cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds, and sugarcane bagasse in a specific ratio to create a compound organic fertilizer rich in organic matter, various nutrients, and active substances. These four components produce a significant synergistic effect, collectively improving soil fertility and significantly enhancing soil quality. Compared to conventional fertilization, the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil is increased. Furthermore, the combined application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers comprehensively improves tobacco leaf quality, significantly enhancing sensory characteristics. The overall sensory evaluation score of cured tobacco leaves is significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization, exhibiting excellent performance in core indicators such as "overall sweetness," "aroma intensity," "irritation," and "aftertaste." Simultaneously, it improves the appearance quality of tobacco leaves and optimizes economic traits: the overall score for tobacco leaf appearance quality is significantly improved. Moreover, the combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers reduces inorganic nitrogen fertilizer usage by 20%, achieving resource utilization of waste, improving the soil environment, and thus achieving the effect of reducing fertilizer use while increasing efficiency, ultimately realizing green and sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0017] Figure 1 Electron micrographs showing the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular hairs in the middle leaves of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in 2024. Figure 2 Electron micrographs showing the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular trichomes in the middle leaves of K326 in 2024. Figure 3 Electron micrographs showing the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular hairs in the middle leaves of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in 2025. Figure 4 Electron micrographs showing the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular trichomes in the middle leaves of K326 in 2025. Figure 5 This is an electron micrograph showing the number of glandular hairs in the middle leaves of each treatment in Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides an organic fertilizer comprising the following raw materials in weight percentages: 30%~50% cow manure, 10%~25% rapeseed cake, 10%~50% coffee grounds, and 15%~35% sugarcane bagasse.

[0019] In one embodiment, the cow dung content of the present invention is 35%~45% by weight, more specifically 40%. In another embodiment, the rapeseed cake content of the present invention is 12%~18% by weight, more specifically 15%. In another embodiment, the coffee grounds content is 15%~30% by weight, more specifically 20%. In another embodiment, the sugarcane bagasse content is 20%~28% by weight, more specifically 25%. In yet another embodiment, the total weight percentage of raw materials in the organic fertilizer of the present invention is 100%. In this invention, rapeseed cake is a byproduct obtained after pressing rapeseed for oil extraction; coffee grounds are waste products generated after grinding and brewing coffee beans to extract coffee liquid; and sugarcane bagasse is the fibrous residue remaining after pressing sugarcane to extract juice and produce sugar. The present invention does not specifically limit the source of the rapeseed cake, coffee grounds, and sugarcane bagasse; commercially available or self-produced waste products are all acceptable.

[0020] This invention also provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution, comprising: mixing cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds, and sugarcane bagasse and adjusting the moisture content to 55%~65%; composting the moisture-adjusted mixture until fully decomposed to obtain the organic fertilizer. As one embodiment, this invention adjusts the moisture content to 60% after mixing cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds, and sugarcane bagasse. This invention does not specifically limit the composting fermentation method; conventional composting fermentation methods in the art are acceptable. The standard for complete decomposition in this invention can be determined according to the conventional judgment standards of those skilled in the art.

[0021] This invention also provides the application of the organic fertilizer described in the above-described technical solution or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described technical solution as a tobacco fertilizer. As one embodiment, the application includes: combining the organic fertilizer with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer as a tobacco fertilizer; the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used is no more than 80% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco growing area; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco growing area refers to the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer commonly used locally to achieve standard tobacco leaf yield and quality. In other words, the organic fertilizer can be used in combination with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer as a tobacco fertilizer, and the weight of conventional nitrogen fertilizer used can be reduced by 20%.

[0022] The present invention also provides a tobacco fertilizer, comprising organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer; wherein the organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer described in the above technical solution or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. As one embodiment, the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is based on pure nitrogen, and the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is (100~300):(6~7), and more further, it can be (200~300):(6~6.5).

[0023] This invention also provides the application of the organic fertilizer described in the above-described technical solutions, or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above-described technical solutions, or the tobacco fertilizer described in the above-described technical solutions, in improving tobacco planting soil, promoting tobacco growth, and improving tobacco quality. As one embodiment, improving tobacco planting soil can involve improving soil physicochemical properties and / or increasing soil fertility; as another embodiment, increasing soil fertility can involve increasing soil nutrient content. As one embodiment, improving tobacco quality includes enhancing one or more of the following: tobacco leaf oil content, sensory quality, appearance quality, and economic traits. As one embodiment, promoting tobacco growth can involve promoting healthy tobacco growth. As one embodiment, the organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer; as another embodiment, the amount of organic fertilizer used is 100-300 kg / mu, more specifically 100-200 kg / mu; based on pure nitrogen, the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco fertilizer does not exceed 80% of the total nitrogen fertilizer used in the planting area; specifically, it can be 6-7 kg / mu, more specifically 6-6.5 kg / mu. In one implementation method, the organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer is applied in strips or holes. Further, the strip application method involves digging a 15-20 cm deep fertilization trench on the ridge surface after ridging, mixing the organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer evenly, and then spreading the mixture into the trench before covering it with soil and ridging again; or, in conjunction with transplanting, applying the fertilizer into the transplanting hole and mixing it with the soil. In this invention, strip or hole application can improve fertilizer utilization and reduce nutrient loss. In another implementation method, it is preferable to keep the soil moist after applying the organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer to facilitate nutrient release and absorption by the tobacco plants; simultaneously, direct contact between the organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer and the tobacco seedling roots should be avoided to prevent burning the seedlings.

[0024] The organic fertilizer and tobacco fertilizer described in this invention have the following advantages: The four raw materials in the organic fertilizer of this invention work synergistically to: ① Construct a nutrient supply curve with a perfect combination of "slow-release and fast-acting". The growth rhythm of tobacco is "rich in youth, poor in old age", that is, sufficient nutrients are needed in the early stage to build the vegetative body, and nitrogen needs to be controlled in the later stage to facilitate the yellowing and maturation of tobacco leaves. The formulation of the organic fertilizer of this invention precisely meets this need. Early stage: The easily decomposable organic nitrogen in rapeseed cake and some nutrients from coffee grounds are released rapidly, providing impetus for the early and rapid growth of tobacco plants; Mid-stage: The organic matter in cow manure and sugarcane bagasse continues to decompose, providing stable nitrogen supply and preventing the tobacco plants from growing excessively due to excessive nitrogen supply; Late stage: When the tobacco plants need to yellow, the easily decomposable nitrogen source is exhausted, and the high carbon-nitrogen ratio of sugarcane bagasse and cow manure will fix the excess nitrogen in the soil in the later stage of decomposition, helping the tobacco leaves to mature smoothly and improving quality. ② Construct a "soil-root-microorganism" system: The fiber of sugarcane bagasse and cow manure creates physical space, making the soil loose, thereby activating the microbial community; rapeseed cake and coffee grounds provide chemical nutrients to nourish the tobacco plants. After applying cow manure and rapeseed cake to tobacco fields, the activity of bacteria, actinomycetes, and various enzymes in the soil is significantly enhanced. These activated microorganisms decompose organic matter, "processing" nutrients into forms that are easier for tobacco plants to absorb; on the other hand, the polysaccharides and other substances they secrete can bind soil particles together to form a stable aggregate structure, which is the true sign of soil fertility. This three-in-one synergy is far more lasting and healthier than single fertilization. ③ Achieving "disease suppression" and "efficiency enhancement" under carbon-nitrogen balance. If the sugarcane bagasse content is too high, decomposition is slow, and it will compete with tobacco plants for nitrogen; if the rapeseed cake content is too low, rapeseed cake decomposes too quickly, easily burning seedlings and causing nitrogen loss. This ratio can maintain a balanced microbial activity environment in compost and soil. A vigorous and diverse community of beneficial microorganisms will form "competitive inhibition," crowding out the living space of pathogens, thereby reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases to a certain extent. At the same time, this healthy soil environment can also promote the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, and other micronutrients by tobacco roots, improving fertilizer utilization. Therefore, it can be seen that the organic fertilizer formula in this invention achieves a synergistic effect in terms of both composition and dosage.

[0025] Data from the embodiments show that the organic fertilizer and tobacco fertilizer described in this invention are applicable to different tobacco varieties. Although the genetic diversity among different tobacco varieties leads to fundamental differences in root nutrient absorption, nutrient molecule transmembrane transport efficiency, and the reuse and distribution mechanisms of nutrients within the body, coupled with external environmental factors such as heavy rainfall, resulting in different growth trends in agronomic traits and quality among different tobacco varieties, the component ratio and dosage of this application can, overall, promote tobacco growth and improve tobacco quality, and its effect is significantly better than that of conventional dosage inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.

[0026] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical problems provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1 An organic fertilizer, the formula and preparation method of which are as follows: Formula: Composed of the following ingredients by weight percentage: cow dung 40%, rapeseed cake 15%, coffee grounds 20%, and sugarcane bagasse 25%; Preparation steps: Mix the above-mentioned mass percentages of cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds and sugarcane bagasse evenly, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and compost until fully decomposed to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0028] Example 2 Effects of applying the organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 on safflower 'Da Jin Yuan' in 2024 1) Experimental design: Red-flowered Dajinyuan was planted in the experimental field in Luliang, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. A conventional fertilization control (CK, pure N 6.5 kg / mu) was set up; T1: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% (i.e., pure N 5.2 kg / mu) + organic fertilizer application of 100 kg / mu; T2: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 200 kg / mu; T3: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 300 kg / mu. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0029] Fertilization time: Apply all the required amount of organic and chemical fertilizers at once during tobacco field preparation or 7-10 days before transplanting. Fertilization method: After ridging, dig a 15-20 cm deep fertilization trench on the ridge surface, mix the organic and chemical fertilizers evenly, and then spread them in the trench in strips. Then cover with soil and rid the field.

[0030] Other fertilization and field management practices were carried out in accordance with local tobacco planting habits, and were kept consistent across all experimental groups.

[0031] 2) Sample Collection and Measurement: ① Measurement of agronomic traits: Before tobacco plants are transplanted and cured (at maturity), the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem circumference, and number of effective leaves of each treatment plant were measured according to "YC / T142-2010 Methods for Surveying and Measuring Agronomic Traits of Tobacco". ② Measurement of soil samples: After tobacco harvest, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from each treatment plot. The topsoil was removed, and the topsoil (5-20 cm) was collected, sieved, and used for soil physicochemical property determination. Specifically, soil pH was determined by water extraction, soil organic matter content by potassium dichromate titration, available nitrogen by alkaline diffusion, available phosphorus by sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and available potassium by ammonium acetate-flame photometry. ③ Measurement of tobacco leaf chemical properties: Nicotine, chloride, reducing sugar, total sugar, and total nitrogen were measured using a continuous flow method; total potassium was measured using flame photometry. Appearance Quality Evaluation: Referring to tobacco industry standards, the appearance quality factors of the cured tobacco leaves, such as color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, and chroma, are scored, and a comprehensive score is calculated. ⑤ Sensory Quality Evaluation: After the tobacco leaves are harvested at maturity, they are cured according to standard curing processes. Orange-yellow Grade 3 (C3F) tobacco leaves from the middle section of each treatment are taken for various index measurements. A five-person evaluation team of professionals evaluates the same tobacco leaf based on three main aspects: aroma characteristics, smoke characteristics, and taste characteristics. The maximum and minimum values ​​are then removed, and the average value is taken. ⑥ Observation of Glandular Hair Count: Before curing (at maturity), middle leaves are selected for electron microscopy. Middle leaves of the tobacco plant are selected, and surface dust or secretions are gently washed away with buffer solution to expose a clean observation surface. After rigorous fixation, dehydration, critical point drying, and gold plating to enhance conductivity, they are observed using a Hitachi SU3500 scanning electron microscope at a low accelerating voltage of 1.50 kV. The distribution of glandular hairs on the leaf surface was clearly captured by imaging with secondary electron (SE) signals at a magnification of 50x.

[0032] 3) Results Analysis The results of the determination of the effects of organic fertilizer on the agronomic traits of safflower Dajinyuan are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1. Effects of organic fertilizer on agronomic traits of the safflower Dajinyuan experiment in 2024

[0034] Note: Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate that the difference is significant at the 0.05 level, and the same applies below.

[0035] Table 1 shows that T2 has the best performance in terms of plant height and leaf width, and also has higher stem circumference and leaf length. It has the most significant improvement in overall agronomic traits, so T2 performs the best.

[0036] The results of the determination of the effects of organic fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties are shown in Table 2.

[0037] Table 2. Impact of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Physicochemical Properties in 2024

[0038] Table 2 shows that, compared with the CK group, the available phosphorus, available nitrogen, and available potassium in groups T1 to T3 were significantly increased. Furthermore, T2 showed outstanding performance in increasing available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter, and was superior to other treatments in maintaining soil pH stability.

[0039] The results of the experiment on the effects of organic fertilizer on the chemical properties of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves are shown in Table 3.

[0040] Table 3. Effects of organic fertilizer experiment on chemical properties of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves in 2024

[0041] Table 3 shows that, compared to the control (CK), for the middle leaves (C3F), increased application of organic fertilizer (T1, T2, T3) all decreased nicotine content (CK 3.19% → T2 2.45%), bringing it closer to the suitable range for high-quality tobacco. Among the treatments, T1 and T3 showed more significant increases in reducing sugar and total sugar content than CK; there was no significant difference in total nitrogen content among the treatments; and there was no significant difference in total potassium content among all treatments. Overall, T2 performed best, followed by T1.

[0042] The results of the test on the effect of organic fertilizer on the appearance index of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves are shown in Table 4.

[0043] Table 4. Effects of organic fertilizer trials on the appearance indicators of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves in 2024

[0044] Note: Each indicator in the appearance evaluation has a maximum score of 10 points. The overall score is a weighted score of color × 15%, maturity × 25%, structure × 20%, identity × 10%, oil content × 15%, and chroma × 15%, and the same applies below.

[0045] Table 4 shows that the overall scores of tobacco leaves of each grade ranged from 5.9 to 7.3 in each treatment, with the C3F grade tobacco leaves of treatment T1 having the highest total score.

[0046] The sensory quality evaluation results of the first-cured tobacco leaves of Honghua Dajinyuan are shown in Table 5.

[0047] Table 5 Sensory Quality Evaluation of 2024 Honghua Dajinyuan First-Cooked Tobacco Leaves from Central Region

[0048] Note: Each sensory evaluation indicator has a maximum score of 10 points, and the total score is 100 points. The same applies below.

[0049] Table 5 shows that T1 has a total score of 85.75. In particular, its aroma and taste characteristics are quite good. The sweetness is more pronounced, the richness is better, the smoke is dense and thick, and the comfort is quite good.

[0050] Glandular trichomes are the main site of synthesis and secretion of tobacco aroma substances (such as cephalosporin diterpenes and sucrose esters). Electron microscopy results of glandular trichomes in the middle leaves of *Sedum rubrum* 'Red Flower' (2024) are shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0051] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the number of glandular trichomes in all three fertilization treatments was greater than that in CK (18), with T1 having the highest number of glandular trichomes at 40, followed by T2 and T3 with 34 and 23, respectively. The highest number of glandular trichomes indicates the most sites for secretion synthesis. If these trichomes are in an active secretory phase, the accumulation of aroma precursors such as cephalothrix trienzyl alcohol may be highest, which can be converted into more aroma components such as norsanodione and solanone during the blending and aging process, giving tobacco a rich and elegant aroma. This indicates that applying organic fertilizer can increase the number of glandular trichomes, thereby increasing the amount of aroma precursors and promoting the formation of high-oil-content tobacco leaves.

[0052] Example 3 Effect of the organic fertilizer formulation in Example 1 on K326 in 2024 1) Experimental design: K326 was planted in Mile, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. A conventional fertilization control (CK, pure N 6.5 kg / mu) was set up; T1: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% (i.e., pure N 5.2 kg / mu) + organic fertilizer application of 100 kg / mu; T2: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 200 kg / mu; T3: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 300 kg / mu. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0053] Fertilization time: Apply all the required amount of organic and chemical fertilizers at once during tobacco field preparation or 7-10 days before transplanting. Fertilization method: After ridging, dig a 15-20 cm deep fertilization trench on the ridge surface, mix the organic and chemical fertilizers evenly, and then spread them in the trench in strips. Then cover with soil and rid the field.

[0054] Other fertilization and field management practices were carried out in accordance with local tobacco planting habits, and were kept consistent across all experimental groups.

[0055] 2) Sample collection and measurement are the same as in Example 2.

[0056] 3) Results Analysis The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the agronomic traits of K326 are shown in Table 6.

[0057] Table 6. Effects of organic fertilizer trial on agronomic traits of K326 in 2024

[0058] Table 6 shows that the plant height of T1, T2, and T3 was higher than that of CK, and the stem circumference was thicker. Overall, T1 showed the greatest increase in plant height and lateral leaves, and the number of leaves per plant increased. The stem-leaf angle decreased significantly. Although the width of the lateral leaves decreased, the overall agronomic traits improved the most significantly.

[0059] The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the physical and chemical properties of K326 soil are shown in Table 7.

[0060] Table 7. Effects of organic fertilizer experiment on the physicochemical properties of K326 soil in 2024

[0061] Table 7 shows that, compared with the control group (CK), all fertilization treatments slightly increased pH and alleviated acidification. Treatment T1 showed the best performance in increasing available phosphorus and nitrogen, and maintained a high level of available potassium. However, with the increase of fertilizer application, the content of available potassium and organic matter decreased significantly. In treatments T2 and T3, soil microbial activity was extremely strong, and mineralization was greater than humification. This led to the rapid consumption and conversion of organic matter into nutrients.

[0062] The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the chemical properties of K326 tobacco leaves are shown in Table 8.

[0063] Table 8. Effects of organic fertilizer experiment on the chemical properties of K326 tobacco leaves in 2024

[0064] Table 8 shows that as fertilization increased, nicotine content in the upper leaves first decreased and then increased, with the highest nicotine content in the upper leaves (2.87%) in treatment T3. However, nicotine content in the middle leaves remained lower than that in the control (CK), indicating that excessive fertilization may inhibit nicotine accumulation in the middle leaves, while the upper leaves showed higher nicotine content due to sufficient nitrogen supply in the later stages. Chlorine content was consistently between 0.1% and 0.23%, far below the upper limit allowed for high-quality tobacco leaves, indicating good combustibility and no adverse effects. The sugar content trend was basically consistent with that of reducing sugars. Overall, fertilization was beneficial in increasing the sugar content of the middle and lower leaves, especially significantly affecting the lower leaves. Fertilization treatments generally reduced total nitrogen content, possibly because organic fertilizer promoted nitrogen release in the early stages, leading to insufficient soil nitrogen in the later stages, or because the nitrogen was transferred to other parts after crop absorption. This corresponds to the decrease in available nitrogen in the soil in treatments T2 and T3. As fertilization increased, total potassium content in tobacco leaves showed a trend of first stabilizing and then decreasing.

[0065] The results of the test on the effect of organic fertilizer on the appearance index of K326 tobacco leaves are shown in Table 9.

[0066] Table 9. Effects of organic fertilizer trials on the appearance indicators of K326 tobacco leaves in 2024

[0067] Table 9 shows that: the middle leaves of treatment T1 are of excellent quality, with all indicators such as color, maturity, oil content, and hue being the best, and the lower leaves having the best color and maturity; the middle leaves of treatment T2 have a fine structure and the best leaf structure, and the lower leaves have good maturity; the upper leaves of treatment T3 have intact appearance and are generally balanced, with the color and maturity of the upper leaves close to CK; the total score difference between each part is the smallest.

[0068] The sensory quality evaluation results of the first-cured tobacco leaves from the middle section are shown in Table 10.

[0069] Table 10 Sensory Quality Evaluation of Central China Tobacco Leaves in 2024

[0070] Table 10 shows that the aroma characteristics of tobacco leaves in each treatment group treated with organic fertilizer were significantly optimized. The total score of treatment T1 reached 86.75 points, which was 3.95 points higher than that of CK. The aroma quality and aroma quantity were both maintained at a high level of 13 points, and the concentration and aftertaste were improved simultaneously. Off-flavors and irritation were effectively suppressed. T2 and T3 also showed similar trends, confirming that the fertilizer can synergistically improve the coordination of chemical components and the consistency of sensory quality of tobacco leaves.

[0071] Electron microscopy results of glandular trichomes in the middle lobe of K326 in 2024 are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0072] Depend on Figure 2 It can be concluded that the number of glandular trichomes in T1, T2, and T3 were 60, 55, and 48, respectively, representing increases of 33%, 22%, and 6% compared to the control (CK). Organic fertilizer, compared to purified fertilizer (CK), provides a more comprehensive range of trace elements and slow-release nitrogen sources. Glandular trichome development requires sufficient potassium, calcium, and other elements. The application of organic fertilizer improves soil physicochemical properties, promotes root absorption of these nutrients, and provides a material basis for glandular trichome differentiation and growth. Coffee grounds contain a certain amount of caffeine, polyphenols, and organic carbon. Low concentrations of these substances may act as biostimulants, activating the secondary metabolism of tobacco leaf epidermal cells and inducing more epidermal cells to differentiate into glandular trichomes (a defense response). This is a stress-resistance protective mechanism of plants when they sense exogenous organic matter. Coffee grounds contain a certain amount of caffeine, polyphenols, and organic carbon. Low concentrations of such substances may act as biostimulants, activating the secondary metabolism of tobacco leaf epidermal cells and inducing more epidermal cells to differentiate into glandular trichomes (defense response), which is a stress-protective mechanism of plants when they sense exogenous organic matter.

[0073] Example 4 Effects of applying the organic fertilizer formulation in Example 1 on safflower 'Da Jin Yuan' in 2025 1) Experimental design: Red-flowered Dajinyuan was planted in the experimental field in Luliang, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, China. A conventional fertilization control (CK, pure N 6.5 kg / mu) was set up; T1: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% (i.e., pure N 5.2 kg / mu) + organic fertilizer application of 100 kg / mu; T2: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 200 kg / mu; T3: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 300 kg / mu. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0074] Fertilization time: Apply all the required amount of organic and chemical fertilizers at once, 7-10 days before transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Fertilization method: After ridging, dig a fertilization trench 15-20 cm deep on the ridge surface, mix the organic and chemical fertilizers evenly, and then spread them in the trench. Then cover with soil and rid the ridge.

[0075] Other fertilization and field management practices were carried out in accordance with local tobacco planting habits, and were kept consistent across all experimental groups.

[0076] 2) Sample Collection and Measurement: ① Measurement of agronomic traits: Before tobacco plants are transplanted and cured, at the maturity stage, agronomic traits such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem circumference, and number of effective leaves of each treatment tobacco plant are investigated and measured according to "YC / T142-2010 Methods for Surveying and Measuring Agronomic Traits of Tobacco". ② Measurement of soil samples: After tobacco harvest, rhizosphere soil samples are collected from each treatment plot. The topsoil is removed, and soil from the top 5-20 cm layer is collected, sieved, and used for soil physicochemical property determination. Among them, soil pH is determined by water extraction method, soil organic matter content is determined by potassium dichromate titration method, soil available nitrogen is determined by alkaline diffusion method, soil available phosphorus is determined by sodium bicarbonate-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and soil available potassium is determined by ammonium acetate-flame photometry method. ③ Physical properties of newly cured tobacco leaves (moisture content is determined by oven drying method; stem content is determined by leaf-stem separation method). ④ Determination of chemical properties of tobacco leaves: Nicotine, chloride, reducing sugar, total sugar, and total nitrogen were determined using the continuous flow method; total potassium was determined using the flame photometry method. ⑤ Appearance quality evaluation: Referring to tobacco industry standards, the appearance quality factors of the cured tobacco leaves, such as color, maturity, leaf structure, identity, oil content, and chroma, were scored, and a comprehensive score was calculated. ⑥ Sensory quality evaluation: After the tobacco leaves matured and were harvested, they were cured according to standard curing processes. Orange-yellow grade 3 (C3F) tobacco leaves from the middle section of each treatment were taken for various index measurements. A five-person evaluation team composed of professionals evaluated the same tobacco leaf based on three main aspects: aroma characteristics, smoke characteristics, and taste characteristics. The maximum and minimum values ​​were then removed, and the average value was taken. ⑦ Observation of glandular hair count: Before curing (at maturity), middle leaves were selected for electron microscopy scanning. Middle leaves of tobacco plants were selected, and surface dust or secretions were gently washed away with buffer solution to expose a clean observation surface. After rigorous fixation, dehydration, and critical point drying, and followed by gold sputtering to enhance conductivity, observation was performed using a Hitachi SU3500 scanning electron microscope at a low accelerating voltage of 1.50 kV. Secondary electron (SE) signal imaging was used, and the distribution of glandular hairs on the leaf surface was clearly captured at 50x magnification.

[0077] 3) Results Analysis The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the agronomic traits of safflower Dajinyuan at maturity are shown in Table 11.

[0078] Table 11 Effects of organic fertilizer trial on agronomic traits at maturity of safflower 'Da Jin Yuan' in 2025

[0079] Table 11 shows that T2 is superior in plant height, internode distance, and number of effective leaves, demonstrating the strongest vegetative growth momentum and yield potential; T3 has the most fully expanded leaves and outstanding single-leaf photosynthetic capacity; T1 is characterized by its compact plant type, which is conducive to field ventilation and light penetration and group photosynthetic efficiency.

[0080] The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the soil physicochemical properties of safflower and daffodil are shown in Table 12.

[0081] Table 12 Effects of organic fertilizer experiment on soil physicochemical properties of safflower and daffodil in 2025

[0082] Table 12 shows that for the organic fertilizer test soil, T2 is significantly better than other treatments in terms of available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter, with a particularly outstanding performance in available potassium; most treatments show little difference in available nitrogen.

[0083] The results of the determination of the physical properties of the first-flush tobacco leaves of safflower Dajinyuan are shown in Table 13.

[0084] Table 13 Physical properties of 2025 Honghua Dajinyuan primary flue-cured tobacco leaves

[0085] Table 13 shows that the stem content of each fertilization treatment was lower than that of the control (CK). The lowest stem content was found in the middle leaves of T1 and in the upper leaves of T2, indicating that fertilization helps reduce the proportion of stems and increase the proportion of usable tobacco leaves. The higher moisture content of CK and T3 is beneficial for keeping the tobacco leaves moist.

[0086] The results of the determination of chemical components of the upper and middle parts of the first-cured safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves are shown in Table 14.

[0087] Table 14 Chemical composition of upper and middle parts of 2025 Honghua Dajinyuan primary roasted tobacco leaves

[0088] Table 14 shows that, regarding the effects of each treatment on the upper leaves, T3 had the highest potassium content and potassium-chloride ratio, and also increased total sugar, making it the best performing of the three treatments. For the middle leaves: all three treatments improved the sugar content of the middle leaves and adjusted the sugar-chloride ratio and nitrogen-chloride ratio from the high level of the control (CK) to a more balanced range. Overall, T2 showed the most balanced performance in significantly increasing sugar content, maintaining potassium content, and bringing the sugar-chloride ratio and nitrogen-chloride ratio towards an appropriate level. Although high chloride levels were a common problem, T2's advantages in increasing sugar content and maintaining potassium were more prominent.

[0089] The results of the appearance quality evaluation (C3F) of the middle leaves of the first flue-cured tobacco leaves of safflower Dajinyuan are shown in Table 15.

[0090] Table 15 Appearance quality evaluation of the middle leaves of 2025 Honghua Dajinyuan primary flue-cured tobacco (C3F)

[0091] Table 15 shows that all treatments improved their overall scores compared to CK, mainly in maturity, structure, and identity. Overall, T1 showed the largest improvement in total score, with the most significant optimization in the two key appearance indicators: oil content and color.

[0092] The sensory quality evaluation (C3F) results of the first-cured middle tobacco leaves of Honghua Dajinyuan are shown in Table 16.

[0093] Table 16 Sensory evaluation of 2025 Honghua Dajinyuan primary roasted tobacco leaves from the central region (C3F)

[0094] Table 16 shows that for the central leaves of Luliang tobacco, T1 and T2 had the highest total scores. T1 was significantly better than other treatments in terms of aftertaste and strength. In terms of aroma quality, aroma quantity, and tobacco concentration, most treatments showed little overall difference. T1 and T2 performed better. Compared to 2024, the experimental site received more rainfall in 2025, making it prone to waterlogging. Although tobacco is a water-loving crop, it is most susceptible to waterlogging. Waterlogged soil hinders root respiration, leading to anaerobic respiration that produces toxic substances such as ethanol, directly poisoning root cells. This affects the appearance quality, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation of the tobacco leaves, resulting in differences in some quality parameters between the 2024 and 2025 Honghua Dajinyuan tobacco varieties, although the overall trend is basically consistent.

[0095] Electron micrographs showing the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular hairs in the middle leaves of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in 2025 are shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0096] Depend on Figure 3 It can be concluded that among the three treatment groups, the number of glandular trichomes in the T1 treatment group increased the most compared to the CK group, reaching 12%. Appropriate amounts of organic fertilizer improved the soil microenvironment, provided balanced slow-release nutrients, and promoted the differentiation of leaf epidermal cells into glandular trichomes.

[0097] Example 5 The impact of organic fertilizer formulation application on K326 in 2025 1) Experimental design: K326 was planted in Mile, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. A conventional fertilization control (CK, pure N 6.5 kg / mu) was set up; T1: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% (i.e., pure N 5.2 kg / mu) + organic fertilizer application of 100 kg / mu; T2: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 200 kg / mu; T3: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 300 kg / mu. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0098] Fertilization time: Apply all the required amount of organic and chemical fertilizers at once, 7-10 days before transplanting the tobacco seedlings. Fertilization method: Apply the fertilizer into the transplanting hole and mix it evenly with the soil.

[0099] Other fertilization and field management practices were carried out in accordance with local tobacco planting habits, and were kept consistent across all experimental groups.

[0100] 2) Sample collection and measurement are the same as in Example 4.

[0101] 3) Results Analysis The results of the organic fertilizer experiment on the agronomic traits of K326 at maturity are shown in Table 17.

[0102] Table 17 Effects of organic fertilizer trial on agronomic traits of K326 at maturity in 2025

[0103] Table 17 shows that T1 has the most significant improvement in plant height, the largest increase in the number of effective leaves, the largest decrease in the stem-leaf angle, and an increase in the maximum leaf area. Overall, it has the most comprehensive and outstanding improvement in agronomic traits.

[0104] The results of the soil physicochemical properties determination for the organic fertilizer experiment are shown in Table 18.

[0105] Table 18. Soil physicochemical properties from the 2025 organic fertilizer experiment.

[0106] Table 18 shows that in the organic fertilizer experiment, T1 and T3 had higher levels of available phosphorus, while T1 had the highest level of available potassium. Overall, T1 performed best in improving available soil nutrients (especially phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium) and maintaining organic matter, thus T1 was the best performer.

[0107] The results of the determination of the physical properties of K326 first-cured tobacco leaves are shown in Table 19.

[0108] Table 19 Physical properties of K326 first-cured tobacco leaves in 2025

[0109] Table 19 shows that in the organic fertilizer experiment, all treatments reduced the stem content in the middle leaves, with T1 showing the largest decrease (-6.62), indicating the most significant effect. In the upper leaves, only T3 showed an increase in stem content, performing poorly. T1 maintained a suitable moisture content in the middle leaves similar to the control (CK), while the upper leaves were relatively dry; T2 was relatively dry in both parts; and T3 was relatively moist in the upper leaves. Overall, T1 performed best, significantly reducing the stem content in the crucial middle leaves, thus significantly improving the usability and economic value of the tobacco leaves. Simultaneously, the moisture content in the middle leaves remained stable, which is beneficial for subsequent processing and aging.

[0110] The chemical composition of the upper and middle parts of K326 first-cured tobacco leaves is shown in Table 20.

[0111] Table 20 Chemical composition of upper and middle parts of K326 first-cured tobacco leaves in 2025

[0112] Table 20 shows that for the upper leaves (B2F): the coordination of all treatments generally deteriorated, but T2 had the highest sugar-to-alkali ratio and the smallest increase in nicotine, performing relatively well. For the middle leaves (C3F): all treatments showed a significant increase in sugar content, but a decrease in potassium content was a common problem. T1 performed exceptionally well in reducing nicotine and optimizing the nitrogen-to-alkali ratio, exhibiting the best overall coordination. Considering the performance of both parts, and taking into account that the middle leaves are the core of tobacco leaf quality, T1 was the most effective in optimizing the chemical composition of the middle leaves, increasing sugar content, and improving coordination.

[0113] The results of the appearance quality evaluation (C3F) of the middle leaves of the first-cured tobacco leaves are shown in Table 21.

[0114] Table 21 Evaluation of the appearance quality of the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco in 2025 (C3F)

[0115] Table 21 shows that only T1 has a higher overall score than CK, and it has improvements in color, identity, oil content and chroma, showing the best improvement in appearance quality.

[0116] The determination of sensory quality evaluation (C3F) of the first-cured middle tobacco leaves is shown in Table 22.

[0117] Table 22 Sensory Quality Evaluation of First-Fried Tobacco Leaves from Central China in 2025 (C3F)

[0118] Table 22 shows that T1 has a total score of 75.5. It has a slight advantage in sweetness and aroma quantity (7.0 and 7.5 respectively), with balanced performance across all indicators and most scores around 7.0, demonstrating overall stability. T2 has a sweetness and aroma quantity of 7.0, but its total score is slightly lower than T1. T3 is slightly lower than both T1 and T2.

[0119] Electron microscopy results of the effect of organic fertilizer on the number of glandular trichomes in the middle leaves of K326 in 2025 are shown below. Figure 4 As shown.

[0120] Depend on Figure 4It can be concluded that the number of glandular trichomes in T1, T2, and T3 was significantly increased compared to the control (CK). Among them, T1 had the largest number of glandular trichomes, and its total secretion of key aroma components such as cephalotrindiol is likely the highest. During subsequent processing and aging, these substances will degrade and transform into various important tobacco aroma components (such as solanones). Therefore, T1 treatment is most likely to improve the aroma quality of tobacco, giving the tobacco leaves a richer, fuller aroma and aroma quantity. T2 and T3 have a significant positive impact on improving aroma quality.

[0121] Comparative Example 1 An organic fertilizer, the formula and preparation method of which are as follows: Formula: Composed of the following ingredients by weight percentage: 20% cow dung, 10% rapeseed cake, 55% coffee grounds, and 15% sugarcane bagasse; Preparation steps: Mix the above-mentioned mass percentages of cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds and sugarcane bagasse evenly, adjust the moisture content to 60%, and compost until fully decomposed to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0122] Comparative Example 2 The effect of applying the organic fertilizer formula in Comparative Example 1 on safflower Dajinyuan in 2024 1) Experimental design: Red-flowered Dajinyuan was planted in the experimental field in Luliang. A conventional fertilization control (CK, pure N 6.5 kg / mu) was set up; T1: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 100 kg / mu; T2: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 200 kg / mu; T3: conventional fertilization with N reduced by 20% + organic fertilizer application of 300 kg / mu. Each treatment was replicated 3 times.

[0123] Fertilization time: Apply all the required amount of organic and chemical fertilizers at once during tobacco field preparation or 7-10 days before transplanting. Fertilization method: After ridging, dig a 15-20 cm deep fertilization trench on the ridge surface, mix the organic and chemical fertilizers evenly, and then spread them in the trench in strips. Then cover with soil and rid the field.

[0124] 2) Sample collection and measurement: Same as in Example 2.

[0125] 3) Results Analysis The results of the effects of organic fertilizer on the agronomic traits of safflower 'Da Jin Yuan' in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 23.

[0126] Table 23 Effects of organic fertilizer on agronomic traits of safflower 'Da Jin Yuan' in Comparative Example 1

[0127] Table 23 shows that compared with the conventional fertilization control (CK), the plant height (110.2 cm) and leaf width (38.2 cm) of the T2 treatment were increased, but compared with Example 2, the plant height (115.33 cm) and leaf width (41.63 cm) were significantly lower than those of the present invention. The T3 treatment (300 kg / mu) showed a trend of decreased plant height (102.6 cm) and reduced number of leaves per plant (14.5 leaves), indicating that the high proportion of coffee grounds (55%) may inhibit tobacco plant growth when applied in excess, and the fertilizer effect stability is not as good as the formulation in Example 1.

[0128] The results of the effects of organic fertilizer on the soil physicochemical properties of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 24.

[0129] Table 24 Effects of organic fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in Comparative Example 1

[0130] Table 24 shows that the available potassium content in treatment T2 (890 mg / kg) was significantly higher than that in treatment CK (510 mg / kg), but decreased by 21.8% compared to treatment T2 in Example 2 (1139.33 mg / kg). The available potassium (780 mg / kg) and organic matter (33.8 g / kg) in treatment T3 were both lower than those in T2, showing a trend of decreasing soil nutrients with increasing fertilizer application. In contrast, the soil nutrients in each treatment in Example 2 continuously increased with increasing fertilizer application, indicating that the high coffee grounds formulation (55%) is less effective and stable in improving soil conditions than the organic fertilizer formulation of this application.

[0131] The results of the effects of organic fertilizer on the chemical composition of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 25.

[0132] Table 25 Results of the effects of organic fertilizer on the chemical composition of safflower Dajinyuan tobacco leaves in Comparative Example 1

[0133] Table 25 shows that the nitrogen-to-alkali ratio (N / A ratio) of the middle leaves in Example 2 (0.68~0.92, where the N / A ratio is total nitrogen / nicotine) is closer to the suitable range for high-quality tobacco leaves (0.8~1.0), while the ratio in the comparative example is generally lower (0.65~0.76), which can easily lead to smoke irritation. Regarding the potassium content of the middle leaves, the potassium content of the middle leaves in Example 2 (average 2.4%) is significantly higher than that in the comparative example (average 2.19%), which is more conducive to combustion safety. In terms of nicotine control, the nicotine content of the upper leaves in the T2 treatment in Example 2 is reduced to 2.89%, which is better than the 3.38%~3.52% of the comparative example formulation.

[0134] The results of the evaluation of the appearance quality of the middle leaves of safflower Dajinyuan using organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 26.

[0135] Table 26 Results of the evaluation of the appearance quality of the middle leaves of *Safflower Dajinyuan* using organic fertilizer in Comparative Example 1

[0136] Table 26 shows that the overall score of treatment T2 (7.58) was higher than that of control (7.45). Comparing the appearance data of the two groups, Example 2 was superior to Comparative Example 2 in all aspects of tobacco leaf appearance quality. In Example 2, the middle leaves (C3F) performed best with treatment T1 (100 kg / mu), with an overall score of 7.3. Core indicators such as maturity (8.2) and identity (8.0) were all better than the control (7.2), and the oil content (5.5) and color (5.7) remained stable. The comparative example required treatment T2 (200 kg / mu) to reach the best (overall score 6.98), doubling the fertilizer application, and the improvement in oil content (6.0) was limited. The overall score of Example 2 was higher than that of the control (7.1~7.3) in the range of 100~300 kg / mu, while the score of treatment T3 (300 kg / mu) in Comparative Example 2 dropped to 6.67, lower than the control, indicating poor stability. Furthermore, the total scores of all treatments in the organic fertilizer formulation of Example 2 were generally higher than those in the comparative example. This indicates that the high coffee grounds formulation (55%) was less effective than the formulation of this invention in improving the oil content and appearance quality of tobacco leaves.

[0137] The sensory quality evaluation results of the organic fertilizer on the middle leaves of safflower in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 27.

[0138] Table 27 Results of sensory evaluation of the effect of organic fertilizer on the middle leaves of *Safflower Dajinyuan* in Comparative Example 1

[0139] Table 27 shows that the total score of treatment T2 (69.9 points) was lower than that of CK (70.5 points). Compared with Example 2, the total scores of T1, T2 and T3 were all higher than those of Comparative Example 2, with significant differences.

[0140] Electron microscopy observation results of the number of glandular hairs in the middle leaves of each treatment in Comparative Example 2 Figure 5 As shown. By Figure 5 It can be concluded that different fertilization treatments have a significant impact on glandular trichome differentiation. The number of glandular trichomes in the CK (conventional fertilization) treatment was 35; the number of glandular trichomes in the T1 treatment increased slightly to 40; however, with further increases in the amount of organic fertilizer, the number of glandular trichomes in the T2 (200 kg / mu) and T3 (300 kg / mu) treatments decreased sharply to only 25 and 15, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the CK treatment.

[0141] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following weight percentages: 30%~50% cow dung, 10%~25% rapeseed cake, 10%~50% coffee grounds and 15%~35% sugarcane bagasse.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in weight percentages: 40% cow manure, 15% rapeseed cake, 20% coffee grounds, and 25% sugarcane bagasse.

3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: Cow dung, rapeseed cake, coffee grounds, and sugarcane bagasse are mixed and the moisture content is adjusted to 55%~65%. The mixture after adjusting the moisture content is composted and fermented until it is fully decomposed to obtain the organic fertilizer.

4. The application of the organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2 or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 3 as a tobacco fertilizer.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The application includes: combining the organic fertilizer with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer as tobacco fertilizer; the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used shall not exceed 80% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco planting area.

6. A tobacco fertilizer, characterized in that, It includes organic fertilizer and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer; the organic fertilizer is the organic fertilizer described in claim 1 or 2 or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in claim 3.

7. The tobacco fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated as pure nitrogen, and the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is (100~300):(6~7).

8. The application of the organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to claim 3, or the tobacco fertilizer according to claim 6 or 7, in improving tobacco planting soil, promoting tobacco growth, and improving tobacco quality.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, Improving tobacco quality includes enhancing one or more of the following: tobacco oil content, sensory quality, appearance quality, and economic traits.

10. The application according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The organic fertilizer or tobacco fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer; the amount of organic fertilizer used is 100-300 kg / mu, calculated as pure nitrogen, and the amount of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer used in the tobacco fertilizer is 6-7 kg / mu.

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