A multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis carbon production device and a method of using the same
By designing a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device, the entire process of integrated continuous processing of biomass such as logs has been realized, solving the problem of low efficiency of traditional equipment and achieving efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly pyrolysis charcoal production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTH CHINA ELECTRIC POWER UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
Smart Images
Figure CN122104259A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of charcoal production technology, and specifically relates to a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device and its usage method. Background Technology
[0002] Energy structure transformation and ecological environmental protection have become core development goals. Forestry biomass resources, as a renewable, low-carbon, and clean energy carrier, have become a key path to reduce dependence on fossil energy and alleviate environmental pressure through their efficient utilization.
[0003] Forestry biomass resources are mainly divided into two categories: biomass in natural forms such as logs and fragmented biomass (wood chips, wood powder, wood residue, etc.). Logs, with their intact structure, high carbon content, low impurity content, and stable lignocellulosic fiber structure, are high-quality raw materials for pyrolysis carbonization. Compared to fragmented biomass, pyrolysis char prepared from logs has advantages such as high fixed carbon content, excellent adsorption performance, strong mechanical strength, and low pollutant residue, making it irreplaceable in high-value-added applications in metallurgy, chemical industry, environmental adsorption, and high-end barbecue. However, in existing processing of logs, a large amount of high-quality biomass resources, such as branches and thinnings, are often improperly disposed of, leading to energy waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, developing efficient pyrolysis carbonization technologies and equipment suitable for logs to convert them into high-value-added char is a core requirement for promoting the efficient utilization of forestry biomass resources and has significant economic and ecological implications.
[0004] Traditional biomass pyrolysis charcoal production equipment, primarily consisting of earthen kilns, vehicle-mounted retorts, and vertical retorts, relies on controlled oxygen supply within the kiln to slowly pyrolyze wood into charcoal in an oxygen-deficient environment. This method is time-consuming, highly dependent on manual experience, and difficult to precisely control temperature and oxygen levels, resulting in poor product quality stability. Furthermore, the pyrolysis gases produced during carbonization are emitted directly without treatment, easily causing environmental pollution. Vehicle-mounted retorts employ an intermittent production mode, requiring sequential processes of loading, heating, cooling, and unloading, leading to low production efficiency and hindering large-scale, continuous production. Vertical retorts are semi-continuous, with timed and quantitative batch operations for feeding and charcoal output. However, their complex structure requires a dedicated circulation system for both heat transfer and cooling gases, resulting in high investment costs and operational difficulties. In summary, traditional carbonization kilns have low production efficiency, failing to meet the demands of large-scale industrial production. With technological advancements, they are gradually being replaced by more efficient and environmentally friendly modern carbonization equipment.
[0005] In summary, existing pyrolysis carbonization equipment generally suffers from low production efficiency, poor continuous and stable operation capabilities, and low levels of environmental protection. To overcome these technical bottlenecks, accurately adapt to the characteristics of biomass in natural forms such as logs, and promote the efficient, clean, and resource-based utilization of high-quality forestry biomass resources, it is urgent to develop continuous pyrolysis carbonization cogeneration technology and complete sets of equipment for biomass in natural forms such as logs. This would enable integrated, efficient, and continuous operation of the entire process, from feeding, drying, pyrolysis, to cooling of the pyrolyzed carbon, thereby improving process economy and product stability. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis char production apparatus and its usage method. Through segmented feeding, drying, pyrolysis, and coordinated cooling of pyrolysis char with self-heating, continuous production of high-quality pyrolysis char can be achieved, offering advantages such as large-scale production and significant economic benefits.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0008] A multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device includes: a feeding section, a drying section, a transition section, a pyrolysis section, a cooling section, an independent feeding device, and a track.
[0009] The feeding section is used to achieve a stable quantitative feeding of raw materials;
[0010] The drying section is connected to the feeding section and is used to remove some of the moisture inside the raw material, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the raw material pyrolysis in the pyrolysis section.
[0011] The transition section is used to establish an inert environment in the pyrolysis section and the cooling section, and to complete a smooth transition of the atmosphere between the drying section and the pyrolysis section, and between the pyrolysis section and the cooling section.
[0012] The pyrolysis section is connected to the drying section through the transition section and is used to heat the raw material under an inert atmosphere, so that the organic components in the raw material are decomposed by heat to produce pyrolytic char.
[0013] The cooling section is connected to the pyrolysis section through the transition section, and is used for the step-by-step cooling of pyrolysis char and the discharge of cooled pyrolysis char.
[0014] Several independent feeding devices are connected in sequence and are movably installed below the feeding section, drying section, transition section, pyrolysis section and cooling section to carry raw materials through the feeding section, drying section, transition section, pyrolysis section and cooling section in sequence.
[0015] The track is used to support and restrict the movement of the individual feeding devices.
[0016] Preferably, the main body of the feeding section is a series of feeding section furnace bodies. Each feeding section furnace body includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner sides of the lower ends of the left and right furnace walls of the feeding section furnace body are respectively provided with feeding section sealing grooves. Each feeding section furnace body has a feeding section sealing groove along its lower edge. The feeding section sealing groove and the feeding section sealing groove together form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device.
[0017] Preferably, the main body of the drying section is a plurality of drying section furnace bodies. Each drying section furnace body includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. A drying section sealing groove is provided on the inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body, and a drying section sealing groove is provided on the lower edge of each drying section furnace body. The drying section sealing groove and the drying section sealing groove form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device. A flue gas inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of each drying section furnace body. The flue gas inlet is connected to a drying flue gas inlet branch pipe that connects to the flue gas pipe. The connecting flue gas pipe is located on the outer side of the right furnace wall of the drying section and the pyrolysis section, starting from the first drying section of the drying section. The first end of the furnace body extends towards the last pyrolysis section furnace body. The portion of the connecting flue located outside the drying section connects to several parallel drying section flue gas inlet branch pipes corresponding to each drying section furnace body. A flue gas outlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each drying section furnace body, and the flue gas outlet is connected to the drying section flue gas outlet pipe. A drying section heating coil is also provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body. The two ends of the drying section heating coil are respectively connected to the drying flue gas inlet branch pipe and the drying section flue gas outlet pipe. A drying gas outlet is opened in the middle of the furnace top of each drying section furnace body. The drying gas outlet is connected to a drying gas manifold, and the drying gas manifold is connected to an external drying gas dust collector.
[0018] Preferably, the main body of the transition section is a number of transition section furnace bodies. Each transition section furnace body includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The lower inner sides of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body are respectively provided with two transition section sealing grooves. The lower edges of each transition section furnace body are provided with transition section sealing grooves. The transition section sealing grooves and the transition section sealing grooves form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device. The lower ends of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body are also provided with nitrogen outlet holes, which are connected to the transition section nitrogen outlet pipe. The middle position of the furnace top of each transition section furnace body is provided with a nitrogen purging hole, which is connected to the transition section nitrogen inlet pipe.
[0019] Preferably, the main body of the pyrolysis section is a plurality of pyrolysis section furnace bodies. Each pyrolysis section furnace body includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. Two pyrolysis section sealing grooves are respectively provided on the inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body. A pyrolysis section sealing groove is also provided on the lower edge of each pyrolysis section furnace body. The pyrolysis section sealing grooves and the pyrolysis section sealing grooves form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device. A flue gas inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each pyrolysis section furnace body, and the flue gas inlet is connected to the pyrolysis section flue gas inlet pipe. A flue gas outlet is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of the pyrolysis section furnace body. The flue gas outlet is connected to the pyrolysis flue gas branch pipe of the connecting flue gas pipe. The portion of the connecting flue gas pipe located on the outer side of the pyrolysis section is connected to several parallel flue gas inlet branch pipes of the pyrolysis section furnace body, which are arranged and correspond to the flue gas inlet branch pipes of the pyrolysis section furnace body. A pyrolysis gas outlet is provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body. The two ends of the pyrolysis section heating coil are connected to the flue gas inlet pipe and the flue gas outlet branch pipe of the connecting flue gas pipe, respectively. A pyrolysis gas outlet is provided in the middle of the furnace top of each pyrolysis section furnace body. The pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to the pyrolysis gas manifold.
[0020] Preferably, the main body of the cooling section is a plurality of cooling section furnace bodies. Each cooling section furnace body includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. Two cooling section sealing grooves are respectively provided on the inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body. A cooling section sealing groove is provided on the lower edge of each cooling section furnace body. The cooling section sealing grooves and the cooling section sealing grooves form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device. A nitrogen inlet hole is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body. The nitrogen inlet hole is connected to the nitrogen inlet pipe of the cooling section. A nitrogen outlet hole is opened in the middle of the furnace top of each cooling section furnace body. The nitrogen outlet hole is connected to the nitrogen outlet pipe of the cooling section.
[0021] Preferably, the plurality of independent feeding devices include a platform, a sealing plate, a partition, wheels, and a baffle plate. The platform, which is in contact with the raw material, is made of refractory brick. Below the platform is the sealing plate, which is made of steel plate and connected to the platform via metal anchors. The front end of the sealing plate is flush with the platform, and its length is equal to the length of each drying section furnace body, each transition section furnace body, each pyrolysis section furnace body, and each cooling section furnace body. The length of the sealing plate is 3-5 mm longer than the platform. A 3-5 mm thick partition is connected to the rear end of the sealing plate. The upper end of the partition is spaced apart from the feed section furnace body. The furnace tops of each drying section furnace body, each transition section furnace body, each pyrolysis section furnace body, and each cooling section furnace body are 1-3 mm apart. The left and right ends of the partition plate are 1-3 mm away from the left and right furnace walls of each feeding section furnace body, each drying section furnace body, each transition section furnace body, each pyrolysis section furnace body, and each cooling section furnace body. Two flow-blocking plates are also connected to the left and right sides of the lower end face of the sealing plate. The partition plate, the sealing plate, and the left and right furnace walls and furnace tops of the feeding section furnace body, the drying section furnace body, the transition section furnace body, the pyrolysis section furnace body, and the cooling section furnace body form independent sealed spaces. The wheels are connected below the sealing plate.
[0022] Preferably, the sealing plate and the flow-blocking plate of each independent feeding device form a four-way labyrinth seal with the transverse sealing groove and the vertical sealing groove of each furnace body;
[0023] The sealing plates of each independent feeding device extend into the transverse sealing grooves of each furnace body at both ends. The left end face of the sealing plate of each independent feeding device is 1-2 mm away from the left end face of the transverse sealing groove on the lower inner side of the left furnace wall of each furnace body. The right end face of the sealing plate 62 of each independent feeding device 6 is 1-2 mm away from the right end face of the transverse sealing groove on the lower inner side of the right furnace wall of each furnace body. The upper and lower end faces of the sealing plate 62 are respectively 1-2 mm away from the upper and lower end faces of the transverse sealing groove on the lower inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each furnace body.
[0024] The baffle plate of each independent feeding device extends into the interior of each vertical sealing groove of each furnace body. The left and right end faces of the baffle plate are 1-2 mm away from the left and right end faces of each vertical sealing groove, respectively, and the lower end face of the baffle plate is 1-2 mm away from the lower end face of each vertical sealing groove.
[0025] Preferably, each drying section furnace body, each transition section furnace body, each pyrolysis section furnace body, and each cooling section furnace body is provided with an insulation layer, the insulation layer being made of aluminum silicate fiber; and each drying section furnace body, each transition section furnace body, each pyrolysis section furnace body, and each cooling section furnace body has the same length.
[0026] Preferably, the present invention also provides a method for using a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device, comprising the following steps:
[0027] S1: Place the raw materials on the loading platform of each of the independent feeding devices;
[0028] S2: Place each of the independent feeding devices on the track, and push the independent feeding devices to pass through the feeding section and enter the drying section. The independent feeding devices are fully heated in the drying section to complete the drying of the raw materials.
[0029] S3: The independent feeding device is pushed through the first transition section into the pyrolysis section, where the dried raw material is fully pyrolyzed and carbonized to produce pyrolytic carbon.
[0030] S4: Push the independent feeding device through the second transition section to send the pyrolytic carbon into the cooling section. In the cooling section, the pyrolytic carbon exchanges heat with the nitrogen gas sent to the furnace body of the cooling section through the nitrogen inlet pipe, thereby cooling the pyrolytic carbon. After the pyrolytic carbon is cooled, it is sent out of the device, and the nitrogen gas after heat exchange is discharged through the nitrogen outlet pipe of the cooling section.
[0031] S5: The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section is sent to the external incinerator through the pyrolysis gas manifold to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas is sent to the heating coil of the pyrolysis section through the flue gas inlet pipe, and after exchanging heat with the raw material, it flows through the pyrolysis flue gas outlet branch pipe to the connecting flue gas pipe. Then it is sent to the heating coil of the drying section through the flue gas inlet branch pipe, and after exchanging heat with the raw material, it is discharged through the drying section flue gas outlet pipe.
[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0033] 1. A multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device and its usage method are proposed, which can realize the integrated continuous processing of biomass with natural forms such as logs from feeding, drying, pyrolysis to charcoal cooling. It breaks through the bottleneck of low efficiency and reliance on manual labor of traditional intermittent equipment such as earthen kilns and dry distillation kettles, and meets the needs of large-scale and stable production of high value-added pyrolysis charcoal.
[0034] 2. This device adopts a multi-stage segmented design of "feeding-drying-pyrolysis-cooling". The functional sections for drying, pyrolysis, and cooling are equipped with multiple chambers. Each chamber is coupled with several independent feeding devices to form an independent processing unit. After the raw material enters the device from the feeding section, it passes through each processing unit sequentially with the operation of the independent feeding devices. This allows for the simultaneous slow and gradual heating during the drying and pyrolysis stages, as well as the slow and gradual cooling during the cooling stage. The resulting temperature field control mode can accurately adapt to the pyrolysis characteristics of biomass with natural forms, such as logs. This effectively avoids process defects such as coking and insufficient carbonization caused by local overheating, ensuring the stability of the fixed carbon content, the uniformity of the pore structure, and the excellent mechanical strength of the pyrolyzed charcoal. The gradual cooling design in the cooling stage can eliminate the risk of structural cracking caused by rapid cooling of high-temperature charcoal and avoid the hidden danger of smoldering caused by insufficient cooling, significantly improving the safety redundancy of equipment operation. In addition, the design of multiple independent processing spaces connected in series can further improve the efficiency of continuous raw material processing while ensuring process precision, and achieve synergistic optimization of process safety, product quality and processing efficiency.
[0035] 3. This device adopts a self-heating design. The pyrolysis gas generated from the pyrolysis of raw materials is sent to an external incinerator to produce high-temperature flue gas. This high-temperature flue gas is preferentially sent to the pyrolysis section to provide a heat source for the pyrolysis process. After heat exchange in the pyrolysis section, the flue gas is sent to the drying section to provide a heat source for the drying process, achieving efficient recovery and cascade utilization of energy and heat. The self-heating design not only solves the problems of pyrolysis gas waste and high energy consumption in existing kilns and other equipment, significantly reducing external energy consumption and improving energy utilization efficiency, but also reduces the environmental pressure caused by direct emissions of high-temperature flue gas, significantly improving the overall economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of the pyrolysis process for biomass with natural forms such as logs. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the feeding section of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the drying section of a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the transition section of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the pyrolysis section of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cooling section of a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the independent feeding device of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention;
[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the connecting flue of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0044] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the heating coils in the drying section and the heating coils in the pyrolysis section of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0045] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the drying section of a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in another embodiment of the present invention;
[0046] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a self-heating pyrolysis co-generation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0047] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the control system of the self-heating pyrolysis co-generation system provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0048] Figure 13 The control logic diagram of the control unit of the pyrolysis-carbon cogeneration system provided in the embodiments of the present invention;
[0049] Figure 14 The control logic diagram of the BP neural network of the control unit for the drying section provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
[0050] Figure 15 The control logic diagram of the control unit for the pyrolysis section provided in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
[0051] Figure 16 The control logic diagram of the control unit for the cooling section using the GRU-BP neural network provided in this embodiment of the invention;
[0052] Figure 17 This is a control logic diagram of the multi-task BP neural network of the control unit for the flue gas purification unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0053] Figure 18 The control logic diagram of the LSTM+BP neural network of the control unit for the incineration and waste heat utilization unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0054] Figure label:
[0055] 1-Feeding section; 11-Feeding section furnace body; 111-Feeding section transverse sealing groove; 112-Feeding section vertical sealing groove; 2-Drying section; 21-Drying section furnace body; 211-Drying section transverse sealing groove; 212-Drying section vertical sealing groove; 22-Drying section flue pipe; 23-Drying section heating coil; 24-Drying gas manifold; 3-Transition section; 31-Transition section furnace body; 311-Transition section transverse sealing groove; 312-Transition section vertical sealing groove; 32-Transition section nitrogen inlet pipe; 33-Transition section nitrogen outlet pipe; 4-Pyrolysis section; 41-Pyrolysis section furnace body; 41 1-Horizontal sealing groove of pyrolysis section; 412-Vertical sealing groove of pyrolysis section; 42-Pyrolysis section flue gas inlet pipe; 43-Pyrolysis section heating coil; 44-Connecting flue gas pipe; 441-Pyrolysis flue gas outlet branch pipe; 442-Drying flue gas inlet branch pipe; 45-Pyrolysis gas manifold; 5-Cooling section; 51-Cooling section furnace body; 511-Horizontal sealing groove of cooling section; 512-Vertical sealing groove of cooling section; 52-Nitrogen inlet pipe of cooling section; 53-Nitrogen outlet pipe of cooling section; 6-Independent feeding device; 61-Platform; 62-Sealing plate; 63-Baffle plate; 64-Wheel; 65-Baffle plate; 7-Railway. Detailed Implementation
[0056] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0057] The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus provided in the above embodiments of the present invention achieves integrated processing of the entire process from feeding, drying, pyrolysis, and cooling of biomass with natural forms such as logs to pyrolysis charcoal through a multi-stage pyrolysis reactor design. It utilizes the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of pyrolysis gas to heat the pyrolysis and drying processes, realizing self-heating of the pyrolysis reactor and cascade utilization of energy, achieving efficient and continuous production of high-quality pyrolysis charcoal, and improving the overall economic benefits of the system.
[0058] Example 1:
[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device includes: a feeding section 1, a drying section 2, a transition section 3, a pyrolysis section 4, a cooling section 5, an independent feeding device 6, and a track 7.
[0060] The feeding section 1 is used to achieve a stable quantitative feeding of raw materials;
[0061] The drying section 2 is connected to the feeding section 1 and is used to remove some of the moisture inside the raw material, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section 4.
[0062] The transition section 3 is used to establish an inert environment in the pyrolysis section 4 and the cooling section 5, and to complete the smooth transition of the atmosphere in the drying section 2 and the pyrolysis section 4, and the pyrolysis section 4 and the cooling section 5.
[0063] The pyrolysis section 4 is connected to the drying section 2 through the transition section 3, and is used to heat the raw material under an inert atmosphere to decompose the organic components in the raw material and produce pyrolytic char.
[0064] The cooling section 5 is connected to the pyrolysis section 4 through the transition section 3, and is used for the step-by-step cooling of pyrolysis char and the discharge of cooled pyrolysis char.
[0065] Several independent feeding devices 6 are connected in sequence and are movably installed below the feeding section 1, drying section 2, transition section 3, pyrolysis section 4 and cooling section 5 to carry raw materials through the feeding section 1, drying section 2, transition section 3, pyrolysis section 4 and cooling section 5 in sequence.
[0066] The track 7 is used to support and restrict the movement of the plurality of independent feeding devices 6.
[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the main body of the feeding section 1 is a number of feeding section furnace bodies 11. Each feeding section furnace body 11 includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner sides of the lower ends of the left and right furnace walls of the feeding section furnace body 11 are respectively provided with feeding section transverse sealing grooves 111, and the lower edges of each feeding section furnace body are provided with feeding section vertical sealing grooves 112. The feeding section transverse sealing grooves 111 and the feeding section vertical sealing grooves 112 form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device 6.
[0068] like Figure 3 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9As shown, the main body of the drying section 2 is a number of drying section furnace bodies 21. Each drying section furnace body 21 includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner sides of the lower ends of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body 21 are respectively provided with horizontal sealing grooves 211, and the lower edges of each drying section furnace body are provided with vertical sealing grooves 212. The horizontal sealing grooves 211 and the vertical sealing grooves 212 form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device 6. A flue gas inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of each drying section furnace body 21. The flue gas inlet is connected to a drying flue gas inlet branch pipe 442 of the connecting flue gas pipe 44. The connecting flue gas pipe 44 is located on the outer side of the right furnace wall of the drying section 2 and the pyrolysis section 4, starting from the first... The first end of the drying section furnace body 21 extends to the last end of the pyrolysis section furnace body 41 in the pyrolysis section 4. The portion of the connecting flue pipe 44 located outside the drying section 2 is connected to several parallel and corresponding drying section flue pipes 442 of each drying section furnace body 21. A flue outlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each drying section furnace body 21, and the flue outlet is connected to the drying section flue pipe 22. A drying section heating coil 23 is also provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body 21. The two ends of the drying section heating coil 23 are connected to the drying flue pipe 442 and the drying section flue pipe 22, respectively. A drying gas outlet is opened in the middle of the furnace top of each drying section furnace body 21. The drying gas outlet is connected to the drying gas manifold 24, and the drying gas manifold 24 is connected to an external drying gas dust collector.
[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, the main body of the transition section 3 is a number of transition section furnace bodies 31. Each transition section furnace body 31 includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body 31 is provided with two transition section transverse sealing grooves 311, and the lower edge of each transition section furnace body is provided with a transition section vertical sealing groove 312. The transition section transverse sealing grooves 311 and the transition section vertical sealing grooves 312 form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device 6. The lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body 31 is also provided with nitrogen outlet holes, which are connected to the transition section nitrogen outlet pipe 33. The middle position of the furnace top of each transition section furnace body 31 is provided with a nitrogen purging hole, which is connected to the transition section nitrogen inlet pipe 32.
[0070] like Figure 5 , Figure 8 as well as Figure 9As shown, the main body of the pyrolysis section 4 is a plurality of pyrolysis section furnace bodies 41. Each pyrolysis section furnace body 41 includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. Two pyrolysis section transverse sealing grooves 411 are respectively provided on the inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body 41. A pyrolysis section vertical sealing groove 412 is provided on the lower edge of each pyrolysis section furnace body. The pyrolysis section transverse sealing grooves 411 and the pyrolysis section vertical sealing grooves 412 form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device 6. A flue gas inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and the flue gas inlet is connected to the pyrolysis section flue gas inlet pipe 42. A smoke outlet is provided on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of the pyrolysis section furnace body 41. The smoke outlet is connected to the pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipe 441 of the communication smoke pipe 44. The portion of the communication smoke pipe 44 located outside the pyrolysis section 4 is connected to several parallel and corresponding pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipes 441 of each pyrolysis section furnace body 41. A pyrolysis section heating coil 43 is also provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body 41. The two ends of the pyrolysis section heating coil 43 are respectively connected to the pyrolysis section smoke inlet pipe 42 and the pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipe 441 of the communication smoke pipe 44. A pyrolysis gas outlet is provided in the middle of the furnace top of each pyrolysis section furnace body 41. The pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to the pyrolysis gas manifold 45.
[0071] like Figure 6 As shown, the main body of the cooling section 5 is a number of cooling section furnace bodies 51. Each cooling section furnace body 51 includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The lower inner sides of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body 51 are respectively provided with two horizontal sealing grooves 511. The lower edge of each cooling section furnace body is provided with a vertical sealing groove 512. The horizontal sealing grooves 511 and the vertical sealing grooves 512 of the cooling section form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device 6. Nitrogen inlet holes are opened on the outer sides of the lower ends of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body 51. The nitrogen inlet holes are connected to the nitrogen inlet pipes 52 of the cooling section. Nitrogen outlet holes are opened in the middle of the furnace top of each cooling section furnace body 51. The nitrogen outlet holes are connected to the nitrogen outlet pipes 53 of the cooling section.
[0072] like Figure 7As shown, the independent feeding devices 6 include a platform 61, a sealing plate 62, a partition 63, wheels 64, and a baffle plate 65. The platform 61, made of refractory brick, is in contact with the raw material. The sealing plate 62, made of steel plate, is located below the platform 61 and connected to the platform 61 by metal anchors. The front end of the sealing plate 62 is flush with the platform, and its length is equal to that of each drying section furnace body 21, each transition section furnace body 31, each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and each cooling section furnace body 51. The length of the sealing plate 62 is 3-5 mm longer than that of the platform 61. The rear end of the sealing plate 62 has an open portion that connects to the partition 63, which is 3-5 mm thick. The upper end of the partition 63 is located a distance from the feed section furnace body 11. The furnace tops of each drying section furnace body 21, each transition section furnace body 31, each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and each cooling section furnace body 51 are 1-3mm apart. The left and right ends of the partition plate 63 are 1-3mm away from the left and right furnace walls of each feeding section furnace body 11, each drying section furnace body 21, each transition section furnace body 31, each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and each cooling section furnace body 51. Two flow-blocking plates 65 are also connected to the left and right sides of the lower end face of the sealing plate 62. The partition plate 63, the sealing plate 62, and the left and right furnace walls and furnace tops of the feeding section furnace body 11, the drying section furnace body 21, the transition section furnace body 31, the pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and the cooling section furnace body 51 form independent sealed spaces. The wheel 64 is connected to the bottom of the sealing plate 62.
[0073] Furthermore, the sealing plate 62 and the flow-blocking plate 65 of each independent feeding device 6 respectively form a four-way labyrinth seal with the horizontal sealing groove and the vertical sealing groove of each furnace body;
[0074] Furthermore, the sealing plates 62 of each independent feeding device 6 extend into the interior of each transverse sealing groove of each furnace body at both ends. The left end face of the sealing plate 62 of each independent feeding device 6 is 1-2 mm away from the left end face of the transverse sealing groove 111 on the inner side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each furnace body. The right end face of the sealing plate 62 of each independent feeding device 6 is 1-2 mm away from the right end face of the transverse sealing groove 111 on the inner side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of each furnace body. The upper and lower end faces of the sealing plate 62 are respectively 1-2 mm away from the upper and lower end faces of the transverse sealing groove 111 on the inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each furnace body.
[0075] Furthermore, the baffle plate 65 of each independent feeding device 6 extends into the interior of each vertical sealing groove of each furnace body. The left and right end faces of the baffle plate 65 are 1-2 mm away from the left and right end faces of each vertical sealing groove, respectively, and the lower end face of the baffle plate 65 is 1-2 mm away from the lower end face of each vertical sealing groove.
[0076] In this embodiment, each drying section furnace body 21, each transition section furnace body 31, each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and each cooling section furnace body 51 is provided with an insulation layer, the insulation layer being made of aluminum silicate fiber; the lengths of each drying section furnace body 21, each transition section furnace body 31, each pyrolysis section furnace body 41, and each cooling section furnace body 51 are equal.
[0077] like Figure 10 As shown, those skilled in the art can also change the heat transfer method of the drying section 2 as needed. Specifically, this includes canceling the drying section exhaust pipe 22 and the drying section heating coil 23, and sending the high-temperature flue gas from the pyrolysis exhaust branch pipe 441 directly into the drying section 2 through the communication pipe 44 and the drying exhaust branch pipe 442, so as to realize direct heat exchange between the high-temperature flue gas and the raw materials in the drying section 2. The drying gas generated by the drying of the raw materials and the high-temperature flue gas are mixed and discharged from the drying section through the drying gas manifold.
[0078] In some embodiments, a method of using any multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus is provided, comprising the following steps:
[0079] S1: Place the raw materials on the platform 61 of each of the independent feeding devices 6;
[0080] S2: Place each of the independent feeding devices 6 on the track, and push the independent feeding devices 6 to pass through the feeding section 1 and enter the drying section 2. The independent feeding devices 6 are fully heated in the drying section 2 to complete the drying of the raw materials.
[0081] S3: Push the independent feeding device 6 through the first transition section 3 into the pyrolysis section 4. The dried raw material is fully pyrolyzed and carbonized in the pyrolysis section 4 to produce pyrolytic carbon.
[0082] S4: Push the independent feeding device 6 through the second transition section 3 to send the pyrolytic carbon into the cooling section 5. In the cooling section, the pyrolytic carbon exchanges heat with the nitrogen gas sent to the furnace body 51 of the cooling section by the nitrogen inlet pipe 52 of the cooling section to achieve the cooling of the pyrolytic carbon. After the pyrolytic carbon is cooled, it is sent out of the device, and the nitrogen gas after heat exchange is discharged through the nitrogen outlet pipe 53 of the cooling section.
[0083] S5: The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section 4 is sent to the external incinerator through the pyrolysis gas manifold 45 to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas is sent to the pyrolysis section heating coil 43 through the pyrolysis section inlet pipe 42, and after exchanging heat with the raw material, it flows through the pyrolysis outlet branch pipe 441 to the connecting flue pipe 44. Then it is sent to the drying section heating coil 23 through the drying section inlet branch pipe 442, and after exchanging heat with the raw material, it is discharged through the drying section outlet pipe 22.
[0084] Example 2:
[0085] like Figure 11 As shown, in order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution and advantages of the present invention, based on the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device proposed in Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a pyrolysis charcoal cogeneration system based on the device, including: a multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device, an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, an SCR device, an economizer, a flue gas dust collector, a desulfurization chimney integrated machine, a drying gas cooler, a nitrogen cooler, and a drying gas dust collector.
[0086] The pyrolysis reactor is used for drying raw materials, pyrolysis treatment, and cooling of pyrolysis char. The incinerator is connected to the pyrolysis reactor and is used to receive the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis reactor. Part of the flue gas generated from the combustion of the pyrolysis gas is fed into the pyrolysis reactor to provide energy for the raw material drying and pyrolysis processes in the pyrolysis reactor. The remaining part of the flue gas is fed into the waste heat boiler for steam production. The waste heat boiler is connected to the pyrolysis reactor and the incinerator and is used to receive the flue gas and use the heat of the flue gas to produce steam. The SCR device is connected to the waste heat boiler and is used for denitrification treatment of the flue gas after waste heat utilization. The economizer is connected to the SCR device and is used to use the waste heat from the flue gas outlet of the SCR device to heat demineralized water to supply water to the waste heat boiler, while simultaneously reducing the exhaust gas temperature. The flue gas dust collector is connected to the economizer and is used for flue gas dust removal. The integrated desulfurization chimney is connected to the flue gas dust collector and is used for flue gas desulfurization and flue gas emission.
[0087] Example 3:
[0088] like Figures 12 to 18 As shown, based on the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis char production device proposed in Example 1 and the pyrolysis char cogeneration system proposed in Example 2, a control system based on the above-mentioned self-heating pyrolysis char cogeneration system and the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis char production device is provided using a multi-neural network optimization algorithm.
[0089] Specifically, such as Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the control unit, based on data collected by sensors, centrally controls the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device, the incinerator, the waste heat boiler, the SCR device, the economizer, the flue gas dust collector, and the integrated desulfurization chimney machine through a multi-neural network collaborative control strategy. It predicts the output of pyrolysis charcoal, steam, and hot water through a multi-neural network calculation method involving parameter input, model building, decision formation, execution feedback, and output strategy. Based on the difference between the predicted output and quality and the target output and quality, it adjusts the parameters of each device in the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production device, the incinerator, the waste heat boiler, the SCR device, the economizer, the flue gas dust collector, and the integrated desulfurization chimney machine.
[0090] Furthermore, the feeding section 1 of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal making device is equipped with a feed rate sensor and a raw material moisture content detection device, and the signals of the feed rate sensor and the raw material moisture content detection device are electrically connected to the control unit;
[0091] Furthermore, the drying section 2 of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal making device is equipped with a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the internal temperature of the drying section 2, and the temperature sensor of the drying section 2 is electrically connected to the control unit;
[0092] Furthermore, the pyrolysis section 4 of the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal making device is equipped with a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the internal temperature of the pyrolysis section 4. The temperature sensor of the pyrolysis section 4 is electrically connected to the control unit. The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section 4 is transported to the incinerator for combustion through the pyrolysis gas manifold 45. The pyrolysis gas manifold 45 is equipped with a pyrolysis gas oxygen content detector for detecting the oxygen content of the pyrolysis gas.
[0093] Furthermore, the cooling section 5 is equipped with a temperature sensor for monitoring the internal temperature of the cooling section 5, and the temperature sensor of the cooling section 5 is electrically connected to the control unit; the cooling section 5 is connected to the nitrogen cooler through the nitrogen inlet pipe 52 and the nitrogen outlet pipe 53 of the cooling section, and the cooling section 5 uses cold nitrogen to cool the pyrolytic carbon produced by the pyrolysis of the pyrolysis section 4. After heat exchange, the cold nitrogen becomes hot nitrogen and is sent into the nitrogen cooler through the nitrogen outlet pipe 53 of the cooling section;
[0094] Furthermore, after the hot nitrogen enters the nitrogen cooler, it exchanges heat with the cold water to become cold nitrogen, and then is transported back to the cooling section 5 through the nitrogen inlet pipe 52 of the cooling section. The nitrogen inlet pipe 52 of the cooling section is equipped with a flow sensor for detecting the flow rate of cold nitrogen and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of cold nitrogen.
[0095] Furthermore, the incinerator is used to incinerate the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis in the pyrolysis section. After the pyrolysis gas is incinerated, high-temperature flue gas is generated and transported in three directions. One direction is pyrolysis heating flue gas, which is sent to the pyrolysis section 4 to provide heat for the pyrolysis process. Another direction is drying heating flue gas, which is sent to the drying section 2 to provide heat for the drying process. The remaining high-temperature flue gas is sent to the waste heat boiler to produce steam.
[0096] Furthermore, the drying flue gas inlet branch pipe 442 is equipped with a flow sensor and a temperature sensor to detect the flow rate and temperature of the drying flue gas; the pyrolysis section flue gas inlet pipe 42 is equipped with a flow sensor and a temperature sensor to detect the flow rate and temperature of the pyrolysis flue gas.
[0097] Furthermore, such as Figures 14 to 18 As shown, the multi-neural network control strategy of the control unit includes a BP network for the drying section, a bidirectional LSTM network for the pyrolysis section, a GRU-BP hybrid network for the cooling section, a multi-task BP network for flue gas purification, and an LSTM-BP fusion network for waste heat utilization. The control logic of the control unit is to collect the parameters of the entire process flow through the input layer, process them through the multi-neural network optimization algorithm of the model layer, fuse and optimize them by the decision layer and generate execution instructions, then adjust the parameters through the execution feedback layer, and finally drive the system to complete the pyrolysis carbon production by the output layer, so as to realize the closed-loop optimization control of the entire process.
[0098] Furthermore, such as Figure 14 As shown, the control objective of the drying section 2 is to stabilize the moisture content of the dried raw material at 10-15%. The BP network of the drying section adopts the forward propagation formula:
[0099] in, The input vector includes the feed rate, initial moisture content of the raw material, temperature of the drying heating flue gas, flow rate of the drying heating flue gas, and temperature inside the drying furnace. and These are the output vectors of hidden layer 1 and hidden layer 2. , The weights of hidden layer 1 and hidden layer 2, and The biases for hidden layer 1 and hidden layer 2; The output vector contains the moisture content of the dried raw material, the discharge temperature, and the required drying time.
[0100] The control logic of the control unit for the drying section 2 is as follows: First, parameters such as feed rate, initial moisture content of raw materials, temperature of drying heating flue gas, flow rate of drying heating flue gas, and temperature inside the drying furnace are collected by the feed rate sensor, raw material moisture content detector, drying heating flue gas temperature sensor, drying heating flue gas flow sensor, and drying section temperature sensor, respectively, and sent to the input layer. After the parameters are initially extracted by the hidden layer 1, the hidden layer 2 performs in-depth feature mapping, and finally the predicted values of moisture content, discharge temperature, and required drying time are obtained through the output layer, providing data basis for the regulation of the drying process.
[0101] Furthermore, such as Figure 15 As shown, the bidirectional LSTM network in the pyrolysis section uses the cell state update formula:
[0102] in, Forget gate, indicating that previously recorded data is forgotten. It is the Sigmoid activation function. The input vector for the pyrolysis section includes temperature, oxygen content in the pyrolysis gas, flow rate of the pyrolysis heating flue gas, and temperature data of the pyrolysis heating flue gas over a 20-minute period. For the The weight matrix, Let be the hidden state vector of the previous time step in the pyrolysis section. for Weight, For the bias term of the forget gate; For input gate, For the The input weight matrix, for Weight, This is the bias term for the input gate; For candidate state vectors, For Tanh activation function, For the The weight matrix, for Weight, The bias term for the candidate state; Let be the cell state vector. The data from the previous time step is filtered using element-wise multiplication; It is an output gate, that is, it controls the output of the cell state to... proportion, For the The weight matrix, for Weight, This is the bias term for the output gate; The hidden state vector is the output of the prediction results of the input vector on the temperature change, oxygen content of pyrolysis gas and composition of pyrolysis gas in the next 10 minutes.
[0103] The control unit's control logic for the pyrolysis section 4 first collects parameters such as temperature, oxygen content, flow rate, and temperature of the pyrolysis section over 20 minutes using a pyrolysis section temperature sensor, a pyrolysis gas oxygen content detector, a pyrolysis heating flue gas temperature sensor, and a pyrolysis heating flue gas flow sensor, respectively, and sends them to the input layer. Secondly, it reads data "from front to back" to record data changes and "from back to front" to predict expected data changes. By merging, filtering, and processing the data, it extracts the patterns of the parameter changes, organizes the patterns, and outputs the bidirectional LSTM network prediction results to guide the control system.
[0104] Furthermore, such as Figure 16 As shown, the control target of the cooling section 5 is a cooled temperature ≤ 50ºC, and the cooling section uses the GRU-BP update formula:
[0105] in, To reset the gate output, The input vector for the cooling section includes the cold nitrogen flow rate, the cooling section temperature, the pyrolytic carbon mass, and the oxygen content of the cooling section. For the reset door The input weight matrix, The weight matrix for the reset door's hidden state. Let be the hidden state vector of the cooling section at the previous moment. To reset the door's bias; To update the gate output, For the update gate The input weight matrix, The updated gate hidden state weight matrix, To update the gate's bias term, For candidate state vectors, For the input weight matrix, Here is the hidden state weight matrix. To adjust the tendency of candidate states; This is the final hidden state;
[0106] The control logic of the control unit for the cooling section 5 is as follows: dynamic and safety parameters such as cold nitrogen flow rate, cooling section temperature, and cooling section oxygen content are collected to the input layer through a cold nitrogen flow sensor, a cooling section temperature sensor, and a cold nitrogen oxygen content detector. The weight of pyrolyzed char from the output layer of the pyrolysis section is extracted to the input layer of the cooling section. The GRU layer captures the timing patterns such as "flow rate change - temperature fluctuation", "nitrogen replenishment flow rate - delayed change in oxygen content", and "abnormal oxygen content - abnormal temperature". The BP hidden layer optimizes the control strategy of "flow rate adjustment - char outlet temperature". Then, the output layer generates control commands for the flow rate of heat exchange cold water and the flow rate of hot nitrogen to adjust the cooling effect and generates control commands for replenishing nitrogen flow rate to maintain the nitrogen balance of the cooling section and compensate for nitrogen leakage. Finally, the actuator is driven to adjust the corresponding parameters.
[0107] Furthermore, such as Figure 17 As shown, the multi-task BP network for flue gas purification is used to control the SCR device, the economizer, the flue gas dust collector, and the integrated desulfurization chimney unit, and employs a multi-task loss function:
[0108] in , as well as The losses are respectively for the sub-tasks of denitrification, desulfurization, dust removal, and energy consumption. , , as well as These are the weights of the four tasks;
[0109] The control logic of the control unit for the SCR device, the flue gas dust collector, and the integrated desulfurization chimney machine is as follows: First, real-time parameters of SCR inlet temperature, NH3 flow rate, filtration velocity, and alkali flow rate are collected by the waste heat boiler tail flue gas temperature sensor, NH3 flow meter, dust collector anemometer, and alkali flow sensor, respectively, and sent to the input layer. After being input into the neural network, the general feature of "flue gas characteristics-reaction efficiency" is extracted through the shared hidden layer. Then, this feature is split into four BP branches: denitrification, dust removal, desulfurization, and energy consumption. Each branch learns the nonlinear law of the corresponding target, and finally outputs NO. x Emissions, outlet dust concentration, SO x The emission and system energy consumption prediction results are input into a multi-task loss function. The weighted calculation of the differences between each parameter and the emission standard and the optimal energy consumption forms a comprehensive loss value. The control system aims to minimize the comprehensive loss value and adjusts the weight parameters of the shared layer and each BP branch in reverse to reduce energy consumption while ensuring compliance with emission standards.
[0110] Furthermore, such as Figure 18As shown, the waste heat boiler uses an LSTM+BP fusion network function:
[0111] in, The output feature vector of the LSTM layer. To input dynamic timing parameters, The output feature vector of the fusion layer. This is a vector concatenation function. To input static timing parameters, This is the output vector of the fusion layer's feature vector in the BP hidden layer. For the bias term of the BP hidden layer, For the final control output, This is the output layer weight matrix. For the bias term of the final output layer;
[0112] The control unit's control logic for the waste heat boiler collects dynamic time-series parameters of flue gas temperature and flow rate, as well as static, slowly varying parameters of economizer inlet cold water temperature and feedwater flow rate, from incinerator tail temperature sensors, flow sensors, economizer inlet cold water temperature sensors, and cold water flow meters. These parameters are then fed to the input layer, along with the required steam pressure setpoint. The LSTM layer learns the time-series pattern of "flue gas fluctuations - heat changes," and the fusion layer combines the dynamic features and static parameters output by the LSTM to form a complete input. Subsequently, the BP hidden layer learns the nonlinear relationship between heat changes and steam output, economizer outlet temperature, and energy consumption. The output layer then obtains the predicted results for steam output, economizer outlet temperature, and energy consumption.
[0113] In the description of this invention, "a number" refers to a quantity greater than or equal to 2, that is, a quantity of at least 2. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of the invention; unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0114] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics in the above embodiments of the present invention have not been described in detail.
Claims
1. A multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus, characterized in that, include: Feeding section (1), drying section (2), transition section (3), pyrolysis section (4), cooling section (5), independent feeding device (6), and track (7); The feeding section (1) is used to achieve a stable quantitative feeding of raw materials; The drying section (2) is connected to the feeding section (1) and is used to remove some of the moisture inside the raw material and reduce the energy consumption of the pyrolysis section (4) for raw material pyrolysis. The transition section (3) is used to establish an inert environment in the pyrolysis section (4) and the cooling section (5) to complete the smooth transition of the atmosphere between the drying section (2) and the pyrolysis section (4), and between the pyrolysis section (4) and the cooling section (5); The pyrolysis section (4) is connected to the drying section (2) through the transition section (3) and is used to heat the raw material under an inert atmosphere so that the organic components in the raw material are decomposed by heat to produce pyrolytic char. The cooling section (5) is connected to the pyrolysis section (4) through the transition section (3) and is used for the step-by-step cooling of pyrolysis char and the discharge of cooled pyrolysis char. Several independent feeding devices (6) are connected in sequence and are movably installed below the feeding section (1), drying section (2), transition section (3), pyrolysis section (4) and cooling section (5) to carry raw materials through the feeding section (1), drying section (2), transition section (3), pyrolysis section (4), transition section (3) and cooling section (5) in sequence. The track (7) is used to carry and restrict the movement of the plurality of independent feeding devices (6).
2. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the feeding section (1) is a number of feeding section furnace bodies (11). Each feeding section furnace body (11) includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of the feeding section furnace body (11) is provided with a horizontal sealing groove (111) for the feeding section. The lower edge of each feeding section furnace body is provided with a vertical sealing groove (112) for the feeding section. The horizontal sealing groove (111) and the vertical sealing groove (112) of the feeding section form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device (6).
3. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the drying section (2) is a number of drying section furnace bodies (21). Each drying section furnace body (21) includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body (21) is provided with a horizontal sealing groove (211), and the lower edge of each drying section furnace body is provided with a vertical sealing groove (212). The horizontal sealing groove (211) and the vertical sealing groove (212) of the drying section form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device (6). A smoke inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of each drying section furnace body (21). The smoke inlet is connected to the drying smoke inlet branch pipe (442) of the connecting smoke pipe (44). The connecting smoke pipe (44) is located on the outer side of the right furnace wall of the drying section (2) and the pyrolysis section (4). The first end of the first drying section furnace body (21) extends to the end of the pyrolysis section (4). The part of the connecting flue (44) located outside the drying section (2) is connected to several parallel and corresponding drying section flue inlet branch pipes (442) of each drying section furnace body (21). A flue outlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each drying section furnace body (21), and the flue outlet is connected to the drying section flue outlet pipe (22). A drying section heating coil (23) is also provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each drying section furnace body (21). The two ends of the drying section heating coil (23) are respectively connected to the drying flue inlet branch pipe (442) and the drying section flue outlet pipe (22). A drying gas outlet is opened in the middle of the furnace top of each drying section furnace body (21), and the drying gas outlet is connected to the drying gas manifold (24). The drying gas manifold (24) is connected to an external drying gas dust collector.
4. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the transition section (3) is a number of transition section furnace bodies (31). Each transition section furnace body (31) includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body (31) is provided with two transition section transverse sealing grooves (311). The lower edge of each transition section furnace body is provided with a transition section vertical sealing groove (312). The transition section transverse sealing groove (311) and the transition section vertical sealing groove (312) form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device (6). The lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each transition section furnace body (31) is also provided with nitrogen outlet holes. The nitrogen outlet holes are connected to the transition section nitrogen outlet pipe (33). The middle position of the furnace top of each transition section furnace body (31) is provided with a nitrogen purging hole. The nitrogen purging hole is connected to the transition section nitrogen inlet pipe (32).
5. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the pyrolysis section (4) is a number of pyrolysis section furnace bodies (41). Each pyrolysis section furnace body (41) includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The inner side of the lower end of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41) is provided with two pyrolysis section transverse sealing grooves (411). The lower edge of each pyrolysis section furnace body is provided with a pyrolysis section vertical sealing groove (412). The pyrolysis section transverse sealing grooves (411) and the pyrolysis section vertical sealing grooves (412) form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device (6). A smoke inlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the left furnace wall of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41), and the smoke inlet is connected to the pyrolysis section smoke inlet pipe (42). The outer side of the right furnace wall of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41) is provided with the communication channel. A smoke pipe (44) is provided. A smoke outlet is opened on the outer side of the lower end of the right furnace wall of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41). The smoke outlet is connected to the pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipe (441) of the communication smoke pipe (44). The part of the communication smoke pipe (44) located outside the pyrolysis section (4) is connected to several parallel and corresponding pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipes (441) of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41). A pyrolysis section heating coil (43) is also provided on the inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41). The two ends of the pyrolysis section heating coil (43) are respectively connected to the pyrolysis section smoke inlet pipe (42) and the pyrolysis smoke outlet branch pipe (441) of the communication smoke pipe (44). A pyrolysis gas outlet is opened in the middle of the furnace top of each pyrolysis section furnace body (41). The pyrolysis gas outlet is connected to the pyrolysis gas manifold (45). The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section (4) is sent to the external incinerator through the pyrolysis gas manifold (45) to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas is sent to the heating coil (43) of the pyrolysis section through the inlet pipe (42) of the pyrolysis section. After exchanging heat with the raw material, it flows through the pyrolysis outlet branch pipe (441) to the connecting pipe (44) and then flows into the drying section (2).
6. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the cooling section (5) is a number of cooling section furnace bodies (51). Each cooling section furnace body (51) includes left and right furnace walls, a furnace top perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls, and two lower edges of the furnace body perpendicular to the left and right furnace walls. The lower inner side of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body (51) is provided with two horizontal sealing grooves (511) of the cooling section. The lower edge of each cooling section furnace body is provided with a vertical sealing groove (512) of the cooling section. The horizontal sealing groove (511) and the vertical sealing groove (512) of the cooling section form a sealing structure with the independent feeding device (6). Nitrogen inlet holes are opened on the outer side of the lower bottom of the left and right furnace walls of each cooling section furnace body (51). The nitrogen inlet holes are connected to the nitrogen inlet pipe (52) of the cooling section. Nitrogen outlet holes are opened in the middle of the furnace top of each cooling section furnace body (51). The nitrogen outlet holes are connected to the nitrogen outlet pipe (53) of the cooling section.
7. The multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several independent feeding devices (6) include a platform (61), a sealing plate (62), a partition (63), wheels (64), and a baffle plate (65). The platform (61) is in contact with the raw material and is made of refractory brick. The sealing plate (62) is located below the platform (61). The sealing plate (62) is made of steel plate and is connected to the platform (61) by metal anchors. The front end of the sealing plate (62) is flush with the platform (61), and the wheels (64) are connected below the sealing plate (62).
8. The method of using the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal production apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Place the raw materials on each of the independent feeding devices (6); S2: Place each of the independent feeding devices (6) on the track, push the independent feeding device (6) to pass through the feeding section (1) and enter the drying section (2), the independent feeding device (6) fully exchanges heat in the drying section (2) to complete the drying process; S3: The independent feeding device (6) is pushed through the first transition section (3) into the pyrolysis section (4). The dried raw material is fully pyrolyzed and carbonized in the pyrolysis section (4) to produce pyrolytic carbon. S4: Push the independent feeding device (6) through the second transition section (3) to feed the pyrolytic carbon into the cooling section (5). The pyrolytic carbon exchanges heat with nitrogen in the cooling section (5) to achieve cooling of the pyrolytic carbon. After the pyrolytic carbon is cooled, it is sent out of the device and the nitrogen after heat exchange is discharged from the cooling section (5). S5: The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis of the raw material in the pyrolysis section (4) is sent to an external incinerator to generate high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas is sent back to the pyrolysis section (4) to provide energy for the pyrolysis process, and then sent to the drying section (2) to provide energy for the drying process. Finally, it is discharged from the multi-stage self-heating pyrolysis charcoal making device.