A three-sided cladding interlocking channel type waterproof BIPV roof structure

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of three face cladding interlocking formation channel type waterproof BIPV roofing structure, belong to building photovoltaic integration field.The structure includes multiple along longitudinal arrangement roofing unit, and each unit contains longitudinal frame, roofing cover and cladding interlocking structure.Longitudinal frame top end is equipped with water retaining wing, and the upper surface of cover is jointly defined drainage channel.Cladding interlocking structure contains groove bottom, left and right sidewall and inside snap convex strip;When longitudinally spliced, from bottom, left, right three directions cladding adjacent unit front end, limit horizontal and downward displacement;Snap convex strip is cooperated with adjacent frame groove, limit upward displacement, make the surface of cover flush and allow longitudinal thermal displacement.The application is integrated design, realizes stable connection, long-term dynamic waterproof and efficient heat dissipation, significantly improves the whole life cycle performance and reliability of roof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology, and more specifically, to a BIPV roof structure with three-sided interlocking to form a channel-like waterproof structure. Background Technology

[0002] Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has become an important pathway for building energy conservation and renewable energy applications. However, current BIPV roof structures still face common challenges in terms of structural connection reliability, long-term waterproofing and sealing, and dust accumulation prevention. Regarding structural connections, existing technologies, such as the solution disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN219638255U, employ independent water-guiding channel structures for waterproofing. However, this structure increases system components and installation costs, and leakage channels are easily formed at the connection between the water-guiding channel and the photovoltaic module. Regarding dust prevention, existing technologies, such as the solution disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN214101277U, use a design that removes the short-side edging of the photovoltaic panel. While this reduces dust accumulation to some extent, each panel is installed independently, and in areas with low rainfall, dust accumulation remains difficult to remove naturally, while also affecting the building's aesthetics. More broadly, existing technologies often struggle to meet the following needs: First, the lack of effective passive heat dissipation design leads to high operating temperatures of roof coverings, resulting in reduced power generation efficiency; second, the independent structure of installation, drainage, and maintenance functions leads to system complexity and difficulty in ensuring reliability in a coordinated manner; and third, the lack of a gripping mechanism for intelligent operation and maintenance equipment (such as cleaning robots) results in high maintenance costs in the later stages. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative roof structure that can solve problems such as structural connection reliability, long-term dynamic waterproofing, dust prevention, efficient drainage and heat dissipation, convenient installation and maintenance, and intelligent operation and maintenance interface integration from a system level. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a BIPV roof structure with three-sided interlocking to form a channel-type waterproof structure. It aims to systematically improve the performance and reliability of the roof throughout its entire life cycle through a highly integrated modular design. To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A three-sided interlocking BIPV roof structure forming a channel-like waterproofing includes multiple roof units arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction. Each roof unit includes: a longitudinal frame with an upwardly extending water-retaining wing at its top; an interlocking structure including a channel bottom, a left side wall and a right side wall extending upward from both sides of the channel bottom, and engaging protrusions disposed on the inner sides of the left side wall and the right side wall; and a roof covering fixedly disposed on the longitudinal frame; wherein the water-retaining wing and the upper surface of the roof covering together define a longitudinally extending drainage channel; the interlocking structure is configured such that when the roof unit intersects with an adjacent roof... When the units are spliced ​​longitudinally, they can cover the front end of the other roof unit from the bottom, left and right sides to limit the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the left and right and downward directions. The engaging protrusions cooperate with the engaging grooves provided on the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame of the other roof unit to limit the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the upward direction when spliced, and keep the upper surfaces of the roof coverings of the two adjacent roof units basically flush, while allowing the adjacent roof units to move relative to each other in the longitudinal direction due to thermal expansion and contraction. As a preferred technical solution, the roof covering is a photovoltaic laminate. As a preferred technical solution, the covering interlocking structure includes a U-shaped overlapping groove formed at the rear end of the longitudinal frame, the U-shaped overlapping groove having a groove bottom and a left side wall and a right side wall extending upward from both sides of the groove bottom. As another preferred technical solution, the covering interlocking structure is a split structure, including a groove bottom opened at the rear end of the longitudinal frame on the top surface of the rear frame, and a left side wall and a right side wall respectively fixed to the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame. Preferably, the covering interlocking structure has a first sealing element within the covering space formed by the groove bottom, side walls, and engaging protrusions; the first sealing element is an elastomer with an original thickness greater than the gap between the covering surfaces, and is continuously laid along the inner surface of the covering interlocking structure, so as to be compressed to achieve a seal when inserted into the front end of the other roof unit. Preferably, a reserved transverse joint is formed between the roof coverings of two adjacent roof units, and the transverse joint is filled with an elastic sealing material; the elastic sealing material can adapt to the width change of the transverse joint due to thermal expansion and contraction through its own deformation, and together with the first sealing element, it constitutes a dual dynamic waterproof system. Preferably, the engaging groove simultaneously constitutes: a locking structure that engages with the engaging protrusion, an interface that engages with a fixing clamp for fixing the roof unit to the building roof, and a engaging groove that engages with the cover plate buckle of the cover plate. Preferably, a vertical gap extending longitudinally is formed between two adjacent roof units arranged side by side, and the vertical gap is covered by a cover plate. In one embodiment, the cover plate has a cover plate buckle, which engages with the engaging groove to form a snap-fit ​​cover plate embodiment. Furthermore, the cover plate is provided with ventilation holes, which communicate with the vertical gap to jointly form a heat dissipation duct. In another embodiment, the top of the water-retaining wing is provided with an inwardly bent rolled edge structure; the two side edges of the cover plate overlap the rolled edge structure to form an overlapping cover plate embodiment. Furthermore, the rolled edge structure is provided with an elastic waterproof strip; when the cover plate overlaps the rolled edge structure, the waterproof strip is pressed tightly by the cover plate to prevent capillary water from entering the vertical gap. Preferably, the cover plate is made of a transparent or translucent material, and a light-emitting device is provided inside it at the bottom. Preferably, the longitudinal frame, the water-blocking wing, the rolled edge structure, and the cover plate together constitute a composite guide rail for guiding the movement of the cleaning robot; the cross-section of the composite guide rail is adapted to the gripping mechanism of the cleaning robot, and is used for the gripping mechanism of the cleaning robot to engage, so as to prevent the cleaning robot from falling off the roof; the cleaning robot moves stably along the longitudinal direction of the composite guide rail by cooperating with the gripping mechanism, thereby realizing automatic cleaning of the roof covering. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The structural connection is stable and allows thermal displacement: The three-sided interlocking design provides rigid constraints on lateral and vertical displacement. At the same time, the upward direction is locked by the interference fit between the locking protrusion and the locking groove, forming a four-way constraint (left, right, down, and up). It also allows longitudinal thermal displacement, effectively releasing temperature stress and improving the resistance to wind uplift and thermal stress deformation. 2. Adaptive and long-lasting waterproof system: The first sealing element is continuously laid along the inner surface of the interlocking structure and maintains a compressed and sealed state during thermal displacement; the second sealing material adapts to the changes in the width of the transverse joint through its own deformation. Together, the two constitute a dual dynamic waterproof system to achieve long-lasting waterproof sealing performance. 3. Excellent dust prevention effect: The cooperation between the interlocking protrusions and the interlocking grooves ensures that the upper surfaces of the roof coverings of adjacent roof units remain basically flush, so that there are no steps at the edges of the covering components; at the same time, the drainage channels can concentrate the rainwater on the roof, effectively washing the surface of the roof coverings, which helps to keep the panel clean and improve power generation efficiency. 4. Multifunctional integrated locking groove: It serves as a locking structure, a fixing clamp interface, and a cover plate locking groove, achieving "one groove for multiple uses". This simplifies the frame structure and installation steps, and also facilitates mass production processes. 5. Dual-mode cover design: The snap-on cover, combined with ventilation holes, forms a heat dissipation channel, suitable for occasions requiring ventilation and heat dissipation; the overlapping cover, combined with waterproof strips, prevents capillary water absorption, suitable for waterproof, windy, sandy, and dusty occasions. 6. Intelligent operation and maintenance interface embedded: The integrated composite guide rail provides the automated cleaning robot for sloping roofs with a physical guide interface and safe locking structure that does not require additional installation, which significantly reduces the cost and risk of operation and maintenance throughout the entire life cycle; 7. Enhanced Architectural Aesthetics: By installing transparent or semi-transparent cover plates and their internal light strips, the roof can achieve a nighttime luminous effect, meeting the aesthetic needs of different cultural tourism projects and architectural scenes, while also taking into account structural simplicity and ease of installation. Attached Figure Description Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the four roof units after being spliced ​​horizontally and vertically in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0004] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a single roof unit.

[0005] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view.

[0006] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the encapsulated interlocking structure (U-shaped overlap groove).

[0007] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the encapsulated interlocking structure (split sidewall).

[0008] Figure 6 For along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the middle AA line mainly shows the drainage channel and the water-retaining wing structure.

[0009] Figure 7 For along Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the BB line mainly shows the internal structure of the U-shaped lap groove, the interlocking protrusions, and the double sealing structure.

[0010] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing process of two roof units.

[0011] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A detailed cross-sectional view after the assembly is completed, showing the interlocking state and double sealing.

[0012] Figure 10 A three-dimensional diagram illustrating the installation of snap-fit ​​cover plates when two roof units are installed side by side.

[0013] Figure 11 for Figure 10A cross-sectional view of the completed middle guide rail assembly.

[0014] Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional view of the overlapping cover plate installation.

[0015] Figure 13 A top-down view of a cleaning robot working on a roof structure.

[0016] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the gripping mechanism of a cleaning robot gripping the composite guide rail.

[0017] In the diagram: Roof unit 100; Longitudinal frame 110; Water-blocking wing 112; Rolled edge structure 113; Interlocking groove 114; Waterproof strip 115; Drainage channel G; Roof covering 120; Covering interlocking structure 130; U-shaped overlap groove 131; Groove bottom 131a; Left side wall 131b; Right side wall 131c; Groove fixing hole 132; Interlocking protrusion 133; First sealant 141; Second sealant 142; Transverse joint S; Cover plate 200; Cover plate top 210; Cover plate sloping top 220; Cover plate vertical plate 230; Ventilation hole 231; Cover plate buckle 241; Light-emitting device 250; Light-emitting device bracket 260; Vertical gap C; Fixing clamp 400; Clamp base plate 410; Clamp fixing hole 411; Clamp side plate 420; Clamp buckle 421; Fixing screw 430; Purlin 500; Composite guide rail section TR; Cleaning robot 600; Gripping mechanism 610. Detailed Implementation

[0018] [The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the term "longitudinal" refers to the direction perpendicular to the roof ridge, i.e., the direction in which rainwater naturally flows down the roof; the term "lateral" refers to the direction parallel to the roof ridge, and "vertical" refers to the direction perpendicular to the roof surface. The term "front end" refers to the end of the roof unit closest to the eaves, and "rear end" refers to the end of the roof unit closest to the roof ridge; those skilled in the art can fully implement the present invention based on these specific embodiments.] I. The basic structure of the roof unit is as follows Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the present invention provides a three-sided interlocking BIPV roof structure forming a channel-type waterproof structure, which consists of multiple standardized roof units 100 spliced ​​on the building roof along the longitudinal direction (drainage direction) and along the transverse direction (ridge). The roof units are arranged side by side (in terms of direction). The standardized design of the 100 roof unit enables mass production, which greatly improves construction efficiency and reduces construction costs. See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 , Figure 12Each roof unit 100 includes a longitudinal frame 110, a roof covering 120, an interlocking covering structure 130, and a drainage channel G. The longitudinal frame 110, as the core load-bearing component, is preferably made of galvanized aluminum-magnesium steel profiles or aluminum alloy profiles, with a length consistent with the longitudinal length of the roof covering 120 (typically 1200-2500mm), ensuring sufficient load-bearing strength and weather resistance to suit long-term outdoor use. The roof covering 120 can be made of photovoltaic laminates, metal sheets, color steel tiles, or other roof covering materials with waterproof, decorative, or functional properties. When using photovoltaic laminates, their thickness is 3.2-4.0mm, and they are fixed in the mounting grooves of the longitudinal frame 110 using structural adhesive (preferably neutral silicone structural adhesive), achieving both secure fastening and leak-proof operation. The top of the longitudinal frame 110 is provided with an upwardly extending water-blocking wing 112. The water-blocking wing 112 is integrally formed with the longitudinal frame 110. The height of the water-blocking wing 112 is 10-50mm and the thickness is 0.5-2mm. Its top is treated with a folded-back rolled edge structure 113 to prevent sharp edges from scratching operators and to install waterproof strips 115. II. Drainage channels such as Figure 6 As shown, the water-retaining wing 112 and the upper surface of the roof covering 120 together define a longitudinally extending drainage channel G. The longitudinal slope of the drainage channel G is consistent with the roof slope (≥2%), the width is 600-1200mm, and the depth is the height of the water-retaining wing 112 (i.e., 10-50mm). After rainwater falls onto the surface of the roof covering 120, it flows into the drainage channel G along the upper surface of the roof covering 120 (slightly inclined to the drainage channel G, with the inclination angle consistent with the roof slope) under the action of gravity, and flows smoothly away longitudinally, realizing "channel-type waterproofing" and effectively preventing rainwater from accumulating on the roof and reducing the risk of leakage. III. The core of this invention lies in the interlocking structure 130, whose core function is to achieve longitudinally stable splicing of the roof unit 100, while also ensuring waterproofing and adaptability to thermal expansion and contraction. The interlocking structure 130 includes a groove bottom 131a, a left side wall 131b and a right side wall 131c extending upward from both sides of the groove bottom 131a, and engaging protrusions 133 disposed inside the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c. The thickness of the bottom 131a is between 0.5-20mm, and the height of the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c is 10-50mm, with a thickness of... The engaging protrusion 133, with a diameter of 0.5-2.0mm, is elongated with a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section, a base diameter of 3-5mm, and a height of 3-5mm. It is integrally formed with the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c, and is continuously arranged longitudinally. Its structure allows it to completely cover the front end of the other roof unit 100 from the bottom, left, and right sides (covering a longitudinal length of 30-80mm) when the roof unit 100 is longitudinally spliced ​​with it, thus limiting the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the left-right and downward directions (left-right displacement ≤ 0.5mm, no downward displacement). The engaging protrusion 133 and the... The corresponding engaging grooves 114 on the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame 110 of the other roof unit cooperate with each other to restrict the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the upward direction (the upward displacement amount is ≤0.3mm) in the spliced ​​state, and keep the upper surfaces of the roof coverings 120 of the two adjacent roof units 100 basically flush (flush error ≤0.5mm). At the same time, it allows the adjacent roof units to have relative displacement in the longitudinal direction due to thermal expansion and contraction (the maximum displacement amount is 5-10mm). This realizes the core invention concept of "four-way constraint in the up, down, left and right directions + longitudinal front and back movement + surface flushing", effectively releasing temperature stress and preventing the roof units from deforming and cracking due to thermal expansion and contraction. First embodiment: Integrated U-shaped overlapping groove, as shown Figure 4 As shown, in an embodiment where the longitudinal frame 110 is cold-pressed from galvanized aluminum-magnesium steel profile, the U-shaped overlapping groove 131 is integrally stamped from galvanized aluminum-magnesium steel profile. The stamped U-shaped overlapping groove 131 has a groove bottom 131a and a left side wall 131b and a right side wall 131c extending upward from both sides of the groove bottom 131a. The inner sides of the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c are provided with integrally stamped interlocking protrusions 133. The groove bottom 131a has a length of 600-1200mm and a width of 50-80mm, and is used to cover the front end of the adjacent roof unit. The spacing between the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c is adapted to the width of the front end of the adjacent roof unit (the gap is 0.5-1.0mm), and is used to cover the front end of the adjacent roof unit on the left and right sides respectively, forming a three-sided mechanical interlocking structure. The structure is stable and easy to process, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. Second embodiment: Split sidewall structure as follows Figure 5As shown, in another embodiment using aluminum alloy profiles and manufactured through extrusion molding, the interlocking structure 130 is a split structure, including a groove bottom 131a (600-1200mm in length, 50-80mm in width, and 5-20mm in depth) on the top surface of the rear frame at the rear end of the longitudinal frame 110, and left side walls 131b and right side walls 131c respectively fixed to the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame 110 by welding and snap-fitting. The welding uses laser welding to ensure no missed welds; the snap-fitting uses a snap-fit ​​connection, with snap-fits at the bottom of the left side walls 131b and right side walls 131c, and corresponding engagement grooves 114 on the longitudinal frame 110, the snap-fits and engagement grooves 114 being interference-fitted. The groove bottom 131a is used to cover the front end of the adjacent roof unit, and the left side wall 131b and right side wall 131c are used to cover the front end of the adjacent roof unit on the left and right sides respectively, forming a three-sided mechanical interlocking structure that can adapt to roof units of different specifications, providing greater flexibility and making it suitable for customized roof projects. IV. Positioning and Locking Structure: To achieve more precise positioning and prevent loosening, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, on the inner sides of the left side wall 131b and the right side wall 131c, there are longitudinally continuous engaging protrusions 133, the length of which is the same as the width of the interlocking structure 130. Correspondingly, on the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame 110 of adjacent roof units, engaging grooves 114 matching the shape of the engaging protrusions 133 are formed by cold pressing or extrusion. The engaging grooves 114 are integrally formed with the longitudinal frame 110. The cross-section of the engaging grooves 114 is triangular or polygonal, and the edges are 0.05-0.1mm smaller than the engaging protrusions 133, which facilitates the easy insertion of the engaging protrusions 133 and ensures a tight engagement. When the two units are interlocked in place, the engaging protrusions 133 and the engaging grooves 114 cooperate with each other to restrict the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the upward direction, while keeping the upper surfaces of the roof coverings 120 of the two adjacent roof units basically flush. Figure 9 Furthermore, it allows adjacent roof units to undergo relative displacement in the longitudinal direction due to thermal expansion and contraction (the displacement direction is along the extension direction of the drainage channel G). This is crucial for the overall aesthetics of the roof, smooth drainage, prevention of dust accumulation at joints, and adaptation to temperature changes, avoiding damage to the edges of the roof covering 120 and seal failure due to displacement. V. The multi-functionality of the locking groove, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 10As shown, the engaging groove 114 is an integrated multi-functional structure with a triangular or polygonal cross-section. In one embodiment, the upper base width is 3-5mm, the lower base width is 2-4mm, and the groove depth is 2-5mm, thus forming: 1. Locking structure: In conjunction with the engaging convex strip 133, it locks adjacent roof units in the upward direction, preventing roof units from falling off and resisting wind uplift; 2. Installation interface: Engages with the clamp clip 421 of the fixing clamp 400 used to fix the roof unit 100 to the building roof. The shape of 421 is adapted to the snap-fit ​​groove 114. After snap-fitting, it is locked by fixing screw 430. The spacing of fixing clamp 400 is 400-800mm to ensure that the roof unit 100 is firmly fixed and can withstand wind load ≥1.5kPa. 3. Connecting groove: It engages with the cover plate buckle 241 of the cover plate 200 to fix the cover plate 200. The cover plate buckle 241 and the engaging groove 114 are interference fit to ensure that the cover plate 200 is not loose after installation. This "one slot, multiple uses" design greatly simplifies the frame structure, manufacturing process, and installation steps, reduces the number of parts, lowers production costs, and improves the overall integrity and stability of the roof structure. VI. Dual Dynamic Waterproof Sealing System This invention constructs a multi-layer dynamic waterproof sealing system to cope with interface displacement caused by thermal expansion and contraction, ensuring long-term reliable waterproofing of the roof and adapting to complex outdoor environments (high temperature, low temperature, wind and rain, ultraviolet radiation, etc.). First seal: Dynamic sealing of the longitudinal interface, such as... Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 As shown, a first sealing element 141 is provided within the covering space formed by the groove bottom 131a, the left side wall 131b, the right side wall 131c, and the engaging protrusion 133 of the covering interlocking structure 130. The first sealing element 141 is an elastomer, preferably made of butyl tape (temperature resistance range -40℃ to +120℃). Its original thickness is 0.5-1mm larger than the gap between the covering surfaces (the gap is 0.5-1.0mm, so the original thickness of the first sealing element 141 is 1.0-2.0mm). It is continuously laid along the inner surface of the covering interlocking structure 130 (the laying width is consistent with the covering length, which is 600-1200mm). During laying, it is ensured that there are no air bubbles, no damage, and a tight fit. When the front end of an adjacent roof unit is inserted, the first seal 141 is fully compressed to 20%-50% of its original thickness (i.e., 0.2-1.0 mm). Its high elasticity and weather resistance ensure that even during permissible longitudinal thermal displacement, when relative sliding occurs between the outer surface of the front end and the inner surface of the interlocking structure 130, the first seal 141 maintains an effective compression seal, forming the first dynamic waterproof barrier and preventing rainwater from seeping in through the longitudinal joint. Second seal: Dynamic sealing of transverse joints, such as... Figure 9 As shown, a transverse joint S is reserved between the roof coverings 120 of the two longitudinally spliced ​​roof units 100. The reserved width of the transverse joint S is 5-10mm, designed based on the thermal expansion coefficient of the roof covering 120 (approximately 12×10^-6 / ℃ for photovoltaic laminates), to allow for expansion and contraction space due to temperature changes (the maximum expansion and contraction of the joint is ±3mm when the temperature change range is -40℃ to +80℃). After the roof unit 100 is spliced ​​and installed, a second sealing material 142 is filled into the transverse joint S. This material is preferably silicone sealant (with excellent weather resistance and a service life ≥30 years), and its elongation is ≥500%. A special caulking gun is used for filling, and the injection depth is the thickness of the roof covering 120 (3.2-4.0mm for photovoltaic laminates), ensuring that there are no gaps in the joint. After injection, the sealant is flattened to make it flush with the surface of the roof covering 120. When changes in ambient temperature cause changes in the width of the transverse joint S, the second sealing material 142 with high elongation can adapt to this change through its own tensile or compressive deformation, thereby achieving a long-term reliable second layer of dynamic waterproofing. Together with the first sealing element 141, it forms a dual dynamic waterproofing system with a waterproofing rating of IP65 or higher. VII. Dual implementation methods of the cover plate as follows Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, when two roof units 100 are arranged side by side laterally, a vertically extending gap C is formed between two adjacent water-retaining flanges 112. The width of the vertical gap C is 10-25mm, which is used to accommodate the lateral thermal expansion and contraction of the roof units 100, and at the same time provides space for heat dissipation and wiring. A cover plate 200 is placed over this vertical gap C. The present invention provides two implementation methods for the cover plate, which can be flexibly selected according to the waterproofing and heat dissipation requirements of the roof. Snap-on cover implementation method (heat dissipation type) as follows Figure 10As shown, the cover plate 200 is made of aluminum alloy sheet or galvanized aluminum-magnesium steel profile (thickness is 0.5-2.0mm), and the surface is anodized (oxide film thickness ≥10μm) to improve corrosion resistance. The length of the cover plate 200 is consistent with the longitudinal length of the roof unit 100, and its width is 10-20mm larger than the vertical gap C (i.e., 20-45mm). Both ends of the cover plate 200 are provided with cover plate clips 241 that fit into the locking grooves 114. The cover plate clips 241 are L-shaped, with a thickness between 0.5-1.5mm, and are integrally cold-pressed with the cover plate 200. The clip length is 10-15mm to ensure a secure connection. This connection method is suitable for applications requiring ventilation and heat dissipation (such as roofs in high-temperature areas). The cover plate 200 is provided with ventilation holes 231. The diameter of the ventilation holes 231 is 5-8mm, the hole spacing is 20-100mm, and they are arranged in a straight line. The ventilation holes 231 are connected to the vertical gap C, together forming a heat dissipation duct. The airflow is guided from the bottom of the roof into the vertical gap C (a ventilation gap of 100-150mm is reserved between the bottom of the roof and the purlin 500), and discharged through the ventilation hole 231, which can effectively reduce the working temperature of the roof covering 120 (taking photovoltaic laminate as an example, the temperature reduction range is 5-8℃), and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. Overlapping cover implementation method (waterproof and sealing type) as follows Figure 12 As shown, the top of the water deflector 112 is provided with an inwardly bent rolled edge structure 113. The bending angle of the rolled edge structure 113 is 200°-270°, the bending radius is 2-5mm, and it is integrally formed with the water deflector 112. The length of the rolled edge structure 113 is the same as that of the water-retaining wing 112, used to support the cover plate 200 and achieve waterproofing. In another embodiment, the cover plate 200 is made of color steel plate (thickness 0.6-0.8mm), with a fluorocarbon coating (coating thickness ≥20μm) on the surface, exhibiting excellent weather resistance and waterproofing. The length of the cover plate 200 is the same as the longitudinal length of the roof unit 100, and its width is 20-30mm larger than the vertical gap C (i.e., 30-55mm). The two side edges of the cover plate 200 overlap the rolled edge structure 113 with an overlap width of 10-15mm, forming an overlapping cover plate implementation, suitable for rainy, windy, dusty, and sandy environments. The rolled edge structure 113 is provided with an elastic waterproof strip 115, which is an EPDM rubber strip or a silicone rubber strip (circular or figure-eight shaped cross-section, diameter 2-5mm), continuously laid along the rolled edge structure 113. When the cover plate 200 overlaps the rolled edge structure 113, the waterproof strip 115 is pressed by the cover plate 200 with a compression of 0.5-2mm, forming a tight sealing surface to prevent capillary water from entering the vertical gap C, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the vertical gap C. 8. Installation method of light-emitting cover plate and light-emitting device as follows: Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in another embodiment, the cover plate 200 is made of transparent or semi-transparent material, and a light-emitting device 250 is provided inside the lower part of it to achieve the roof's nighttime lighting effect, which is suitable for cultural tourism projects, commercial buildings and other scenarios with special requirements for architectural aesthetics. The installation of the light-emitting device 250 can be done in two ways: the first way, such as... Figure 11 As shown, the light-emitting device bracket 260 and cover plate 200 are integrated into one structure. The light-emitting device bracket 260 and cover plate 200 are integrally extruded and formed, and the light-emitting device 250 is embedded in the light-emitting device bracket. In the first method, the light-emitting device 260 is kept at a certain distance from the cover plate 200 to avoid glare. This method has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is suitable for standardized production cover plates. In the second method, the light-emitting device bracket 260 is fixedly installed on the engaging groove 114 in the vertical gap C, the light-emitting device 250 is set on the light-emitting device bracket 260, and the cover plate 200 covers the vertical gap C. The light-emitting device 250 shines outward through the transparent or semi-transparent cover plate 200. This method does not affect the sealing function of the cover plate 200 and is suitable for renovation scenarios where a light-emitting function needs to be added after a regular cover plate has been installed, or for projects with high requirements for maintenance convenience. Both installation methods can achieve the roof's nighttime lighting effect and can be flexibly selected according to project needs and construction conditions. IX. Composite guide rail section and intelligent operation and maintenance, such as Figure 1 , Figure 13 , Figure 14As shown, when the cover plate 200 is installed in either a snap-fit ​​or overlapping manner, the longitudinal frame 110, the water-blocking wing 112, and the cover plate 200 together constitute a composite guide rail TR for guiding the movement of the cleaning robot 600. The composite guide rail TR is continuously arranged longitudinally, penetrating the entire roof surface, ensuring that the cleaning robot 600 can cover the entire roof area. The cross-section of the composite guide rail TR is a structure adapted to the gripping mechanism of the cleaning robot 600 (preferably "A" shaped, but also H-shaped). Its total transverse width is 20-30mm, and its longitudinal thickness is 15-20mm. The groove width of the "A" shaped structure is 2-10mm, adapted to the gripping mechanism of the cleaning robot 600 (similar to a two-handed clamping structure), with a clamping gap of 0.1-0.2mm, for the cleaning robot to... The gripping mechanism of the 600 is engaged to prevent the cleaning robot 600 from falling off the roof in situations with a steep roof slope (slope ≥ 30°) or heavy rain and strong winds (wind force ≥ 8, rainfall ≥ 50 mm / h). The tracks of the cleaning robot 600 do not need to walk on the composite guide rail TR; instead, the tracks still walk on the surface of the roof covering 120 (the tracks are made of soft rubber to avoid scratching the surface of the roof covering 120). The robot 600 can move stably along the longitudinal direction of the composite guide rail TR (moving speed is 0.1-1 m / s) and automatically clean the roof covering 120 using its own cleaning brush and vacuuming device. The cleaning efficiency is ≥ 90%, effectively improving the roof's power generation efficiency (when the roof covering is a photovoltaic laminate). 10. Installation and interlocking process as follows Figure 1 , Figure 8 As shown, the BIPV roof structure of the present invention has a simple and convenient installation process, and can achieve rapid installation. For rapid construction, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Roof base treatment, clean the dust and debris from the surface of the roof purlins 500mm, ensuring the purlins 500mm... First, ensure the surface is flat (flatness error ≤ 2mm / m). Check the installation firmness of the purlin 500 to ensure it can withstand the weight and wind load of the roof unit 100. Second, apply EVA foam adhesive to the purlin and fix the roof unit 100 to the purlin 500 by passing the fixing screw 430 through the fixing hole 132. Third, insert the clamp clip 421 of the fixing clamp 400 into the engagement groove 114 of the first roof unit 100. After engagement, fix the fixing clamp 400 to the purlin 500 with fixing screws 430 (dovetail self-tapping screws) at intervals of 400-800mm to fix the first roof unit 100. After fixing, check the levelness and verticality of the roof unit 100 (verticality error ≤ 3mm / m). Fourth, align the front end of the next (downhill) roof unit 100 with the installed... Step 1: Smoothly insert the interlocking structure 130 (whether it's a U-shaped overlap groove or a split structure) at the rear end of the first roof unit 100, avoiding excessive force that could damage the first seal 141 during insertion; Step 5: After insertion, check the fit between the engaging protrusion 133 and the engaging groove 114 to ensure a tight fit, with the upper surface of adjacent roof coverings 120 having a flush error ≤0.5mm. Simultaneously check the coverage of the interlocking structure 130 to ensure complete coverage on all three sides; Step 6: Repeat steps 2 to 4 to complete all roof units. The seventh step involves longitudinally splicing and horizontally parallel installing the surface unit 100; filling the horizontal joint S with elastic sealant to achieve double waterproof sealing; the eighth step involves selecting either snap-fit ​​or overlapping cover plates 200 according to roof requirements to complete the installation of cover plates 200. If a nighttime lighting effect is required, the installation method of the lighting device 250 is selected according to project requirements: if the bracket and cover plate are integrated, the light strip bracket 260 is integrally formed and embedded with the lighting device 250 during the production of cover plate 200; if the bracket is installed within the vertical gap... In this method, after the cover plate 200 is installed, the light-emitting device bracket 260 with the light-emitting device 250 is fixedly installed in the vertical gap C to complete the installation of the entire roof structure; wherein, the covering interlocking structure 130 provides sufficient space for the front end in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the longitudinal length of the U-shaped overlap groove or the split structure is greater than the longitudinal length of the front end, with a difference of 5-10mm), allowing relative displacement between roof units due to thermal expansion and contraction, effectively releasing temperature stress, and avoiding deformation of the roof unit and breaking of the roof covering 120. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, all processes, parameters, and materials not explicitly described in this embodiment are conventional technical means, which can be selected by those skilled in the art based on existing technology and implemented without creative effort.

Claims

1. A BIPV roof structure with three-sided interlocking to form a channel-like waterproof structure, comprising multiple roof units arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction, characterized in that, Each roof unit includes: a longitudinal frame, the top of which is provided with an upwardly extending water-retaining wing; an interlocking structure, the interlocking structure including a groove bottom, a left side wall and a right side wall extending upward from both sides of the groove bottom, and engaging protrusions disposed on the inner sides of the left side wall and the right side wall; and a roof covering, fixedly disposed on the longitudinal frame; wherein the water-retaining wing and the upper surface of the roof covering together define a longitudinally extending drainage channel; the interlocking structure is configured such that when the roof unit is adjacent to another roof... When the units are spliced ​​longitudinally, they can cover the front end of the other roof unit from the bottom, left and right sides to limit the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the left and right and downward directions. The engaging protrusions cooperate with the engaging grooves provided on the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame of the other roof unit to limit the relative displacement of adjacent roof units in the upward direction when spliced, and keep the upper surfaces of the roof coverings of the two adjacent roof units basically flush, while allowing the adjacent roof units to move relative to each other in the longitudinal direction due to thermal expansion and contraction.

2. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The roof covering is a photovoltaic laminate.

3. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosing interlocking structure includes a U-shaped overlapping groove disposed at the rear end of the longitudinal frame, the U-shaped overlapping groove having a groove bottom and a left side wall and a right side wall extending upward from both sides of the groove bottom.

4. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encapsulation interlocking structure is a split structure, including a groove bottom on the top surface of the rear frame at the rear end of the longitudinal frame, and a left side wall and a right side wall respectively fixed to the left and right outer sides of the longitudinal frame.

5. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encapsulation interlocking structure is provided with a first sealing element within the encapsulation space formed by the groove bottom, left side wall, right side wall and engaging protrusion; the first sealing element is an elastic body, the original thickness of which is greater than the gap between the encapsulation surfaces of the inner surface of the encapsulation interlocking structure, and is continuously laid along the inner surface of the encapsulation interlocking structure, so as to be compressed to achieve sealing when inserted into the front end of the other roof unit.

6. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A reserved transverse joint is formed between the roof coverings of two adjacent roof units, and the transverse joint is filled with a second sealing material; the elastic second sealing material can adapt to the width change of the transverse joint due to thermal expansion and contraction through its own deformation, and together with the first sealing element, it forms a dual dynamic waterproof system.

7. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The engaging groove simultaneously constitutes: a locking structure that engages with the engaging protrusion, an interface that engages with a fixing clamp for fixing the roof unit to the building roof, and an engaging groove that engages with the cover plate buckle of the cover plate.

8. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A vertical gap extending longitudinally is formed between two adjacent roof units arranged side by side, and the vertical gap is covered by a cover plate.

9. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cover plate has a cover plate buckle, which is snapped into the engaging groove, wherein the cover plate has a snap-fit ​​structure.

10. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cover plate is provided with ventilation holes, which are connected to the vertical gap to form a heat dissipation duct.

11. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The top of the water-blocking wing is provided with an inwardly bent rolled edge structure; the two sides of the cover plate overlap the rolled edge structure, wherein the cover plate is an overlapping structure.

12. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The rolled edge structure is equipped with an elastic waterproof strip. When the cover plate overlaps the rolled edge structure, the waterproof strip is pressed tightly by the cover plate to prevent capillary water from entering the vertical gap.

13. The BIPV roof structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cover plate is made of transparent or semi-transparent material, and a light-emitting device is provided inside it.

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