Self-powered temperature measurement integrated bearing

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power generation bearing, more particularly to a self-power generation and temperature measurement integrated bearing, comprising a signal acquisition unit, a main bearing and a reference bearing coaxially assembled on a transmission shaft; the main bearing and the reference bearing each comprise a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring, a rolling body and an electric signal output unit; the rolling body rotates between the bearing inner ring and the bearing outer ring, the surface of the rolling body is provided with a FEP friction layer, and an inner electrode and an outer electrode embedded in the inner wall of the bearing outer ring alternately roll against the FEP friction layer to generate an electric signal; the surface of the FEP friction layer of the reference bearing is provided with an insulating passivation layer; the signal acquisition unit calls a signal amplitude correction coefficient pre-stored in a storage unit, and a differential processing is performed on the mixed electric signal of the main bearing and the reference electric signal of the reference bearing synchronously collected through the electric signal output unit in a difference operation module to extract a pure temperature electric signal, and the calibrated pure temperature electric signal-temperature curve is used to convert into a real-time working temperature, so that self-power supply and high-precision anti-interference temperature measurement are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of power generation bearings, and more specifically, to a self-generating temperature measurement integrated bearing. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of industrial intelligent transformation, bearings, as core transmission components, directly affect the reliability and safety of the entire equipment. With the development of intelligent monitoring technology, real-time monitoring of bearing operating status has become a key means to ensure stable equipment operation. However, the continuous power supply of monitoring equipment, the accurate monitoring of temperature in the core working area inside the bearing, and the distortion of temperature measurement signals due to interference from operating conditions such as speed, load, and vibration have become the three major bottlenecks restricting its widespread application.

[0003] Traditional bearing monitoring equipment is primarily powered by either wired or battery-powered systems. Wired power supply suffers from complex installation and high wiring costs, while battery power supply faces challenges such as frequent replacements, high maintenance costs, and environmental pollution. This is especially problematic in remote areas or enclosed spaces where battery replacement is extremely difficult and can easily lead to monitoring interruptions. Furthermore, existing bearing temperature monitoring systems mostly use external temperature sensors, which can only detect the external ambient temperature and cannot directly reflect the true operating temperature of core areas such as the bearing's raceways and rolling elements. Even when some technologies achieve internal bearing temperature sensing, the measured temperature signal is easily affected by factors such as bearing speed fluctuations, load changes, and equipment vibration, resulting in large measurement errors and failing to meet the needs of precise industrial monitoring. Moreover, both external and internal sensors rely on external power supplies, further increasing the complexity and failure rate of the equipment.

[0004] Bearings generate continuous rotational mechanical energy during operation. If this energy can be recovered and converted into electrical energy, it can provide a self-powered solution for monitoring equipment, fundamentally solving the shortcomings of traditional power supply modes. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on the coupling principle of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, have advantages such as compact structure, high low-frequency energy conversion efficiency, and low manufacturing cost, making them a core technology direction in the field of bearing energy recovery.

[0005] The prior art CN118473253A discloses a dual-mode electric output non-contact rolling bearing triboelectric nanogenerator, which uses PTFE rolling elements and copper comb-tooth electrodes for non-contact electrostatic induction power generation. Although it avoids direct friction and wear, the non-contact design results in low charge transfer efficiency. It requires an additional electromagnetic power generation module to achieve dual-mode power replenishment, which is complex and costly. At the same time, it has weak load-bearing capacity and cannot be adapted to medium and high load scenarios such as industrial transmission. It also lacks any temperature monitoring design.

[0006] The prior art CN120433518A discloses a variable reluctance power generation system and a wind turbine generator based on wind turbine spherical roller bearings. It relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction, requires a matching magnetic field component and an additional generator, is bulky and only suitable for high-speed, high-load scenarios such as wind power. It has poor compatibility with low-speed industrial transmission systems, and its energy conversion efficiency is significantly affected by speed fluctuations. It also does not integrate temperature monitoring functions.

[0007] The prior art CN115765520A discloses a self-generating smart roller and bearing, which integrates the power generation unit into the central hole of the roller. Although it does not damage the overall structure of the bearing, the internal space of a single roller is limited, resulting in a small frictional contact area and low power generation. Multiple rollers need to work together to meet the power supply requirements. Furthermore, the integration of internal energy storage and sensing modules is difficult and the maintenance cost is high. It does not achieve direct monitoring of the internal temperature of the bearing and lacks anti-interference design.

[0008] The prior art CN117639545A discloses a triboelectric nanogenerator with a rolling bearing structure. Due to its reliance on external auxiliary structures such as test benches and mounting frames, this generator is only suitable for laboratory or specific small equipment testing scenarios. Furthermore, it only converts AC to DC and stores it in a capacitor through a rectifier bridge, without a voltage regulation output module, and cannot directly power low-power devices of different specifications. The device adopts a triboelectric structure of PTFE balls and flexible comb-tooth electrodes. The PTFE surface has no special modification treatment, the triboelectric contact area is small and the charge transfer density is low, and there is no temperature monitoring capability.

[0009] The prior art CN118603545A discloses an online monitoring system and method for the operating status of an aero-engine based on a triboelectric nanogenerator. This system uses a metal electrode film arranged perpendicular to the supporting spring, but it can only make partial contact with a single friction layer, resulting in low electrode utilization and susceptibility to poor contact due to vibration. In another approach, the power generation unit and sensing module are integrated inside the roller within the bearing, leading to a decrease in the roller's load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the friction layer is rigidly connected without buffer compensation design, resulting in severe wear over long-term operation. This makes it unsuitable for flexibly adapting to the general bearing specifications required in various scenarios such as wind power equipment, construction machinery, and drones. Additionally, its external temperature measurement module cannot accurately detect the internal temperature of the bearing, and the temperature measurement signal is easily interfered with by engine vibration and speed changes.

[0010] Existing technologies, by embedding electrodes and friction layers in the inner and outer rings of bearings, utilize the frictional contact during rotation to capture mechanical energy and output electrical signals, laying the foundation for self-powered bearing monitoring. However, most existing triboelectric bearing monitoring schemes are based on the independent operation of a single bearing unit, and their output electrical signals are directly coupled with various non-temperature interference variables such as rotational speed, load, vibration, and ambient temperature and humidity. Under actual dynamic operating conditions, the signal amplitude is easily affected by rotational speed fluctuations, resulting in significant temperature measurement errors, which is difficult to meet the high-precision temperature measurement requirements of high-end equipment such as wind power and construction machinery for the core areas inside the bearing. Existing patch-type triboelectric temperature measurement schemes, with their external structure, are difficult to fit into the contact stress areas inside the bearing, limiting the measurement position, and also lack effective anti-interference signal processing mechanisms. Existing power-generating bearings have not achieved an integrated design of self-powered generation and accurate, anti-interference temperature measurement inside the bearing, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of industrial scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-generating temperature measurement integrated bearing that achieves self-powered operation and high-precision anti-interference temperature measurement.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A self-generating temperature measurement integrated bearing is provided, comprising a main bearing, a reference bearing, and a signal acquisition unit. The main bearing and the reference bearing are coaxially mounted on a transmission shaft. Both the main bearing and the reference bearing include an inner ring, an outer ring, rolling elements, and a telecommunications output unit. The rolling elements rotate between the inner ring and the outer ring. An inner electrode and an outer electrode are embedded in the inner wall of the outer ring. The surface of the rolling elements is provided with an FEP (Fluorinated ethylene propylene) friction layer. The inner electrode and the outer electrode alternately roll and contact the FEP friction layer to generate an electrical signal. The surface of the FEP friction layer of the reference bearing is also provided with an insulating passivation layer. The telecommunications output unit is used to output the electrical signal. The signal acquisition unit includes a differential operation module and a storage unit pre-stored with calibrated signal amplitude correction coefficients. Both telecommunications output units and the storage unit are communicatively connected to the differential operation module. The differential operation module is used to extract a pure temperature electrical signal reflecting temperature changes.

[0013] The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing of this invention, when an external driving force acts on the transmission shaft, drives the inner rings of the main bearing and the reference bearing to rotate synchronously around their own axes, the outer surface of the inner ring contacts the rolling elements. Friction drives the rolling elements to rotate synchronously. As the rolling elements rotate around the bearing axis, they undergo pure rolling motion along the inner surface of the outer ring. The FEP friction layer covering the surface of the rolling elements continuously engages in rolling friction contact with the inner and outer electrodes on the inner surface of the outer ring, resulting in electron transfer, i.e., triboelectric charging. With the continuous pure rolling of the rolling elements, the FEP friction layer switches friction between the inner and outer electrodes, and the charge distribution at the friction interface exhibits periodic alternating changes. Through electrostatic induction, an alternating current is formed, completing the conversion of rotating mechanical energy into alternating current. Simultaneously, the internal operating temperature of the main bearing continuously changes with the operating state. The inner and outer electrodes expand and contract with temperature, and the effective contact area with the FEP friction layer changes synchronously and linearly. This causes the charge transfer density and output electrical signal of the triboelectric generator to change synchronously, forming a mixed electrical signal containing common-mode interference information such as temperature, rotational speed, load, and vibration. The rolling elements of the reference bearing roll synchronously with the main bearing, but because its FEP friction layer surface has an insulating passivation layer, only physical contact occurs without electron transfer, completely eliminating the effective alternating current generated by friction. The inner and outer electrodes expand and contract synchronously and with the same amplitude as the main bearing, outputting a reference electrical signal containing only temperature information and common-mode interference information completely consistent with the main bearing. The telecommunications output unit outputs a mixed electrical signal and a reference electrical signal. The signal acquisition unit retrieves the pre-stored signal amplitude correction coefficient from the storage unit, synchronously acquires the mixed electrical signal of the main bearing and the reference electrical signal of the reference bearing, performs differential processing through the differential operation module, calculates the pure temperature electrical signal that eliminates common-mode interference, and uses a pre-calibrated "pure temperature electrical signal-temperature" curve to convert it into the real-time operating temperature of the core area inside the bearing, achieving high-precision continuous temperature monitoring with resistance to operating condition interference.

[0014] Furthermore, the main bearing and the reference bearing also include a retainer located between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing, and a plurality of the rolling elements are rotatably mounted on the retainer.

[0015] Furthermore, both the inner electrode and the outer electrode are copper alloy foil structures, and both the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing are high-carbon chromium bearing steel structures. Both the inner electrode and the outer electrode are isolated from the inner wall of the outer ring of the bearing by an insulating layer.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner wall of the outer ring of the bearing is provided with a groove, the inner electrode and the outer electrode are located in the groove, and an expansion gap of 0.01mm~0.02mm is left between the inner electrode and the outer electrode and the groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the retainer is in the shape of a cylindrical tube, and multiple mounting slots are evenly spaced at both ends of the retainer. Each mounting slot has a mounting shaft in the middle, and the central axis of the mounting shaft is parallel to the central axis of the retainer. The rolling element is rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft.

[0018] Furthermore, the inner wall of the mounting shaft is provided with a lubrication groove.

[0019] Furthermore, both the inner electrode and the outer electrode are cylindrical; the sidewall of the inner electrode has a through groove connecting the two end faces of the inner electrode, and both ends of the inner electrode have a plurality of first receiving grooves evenly spaced along the circumferential direction; the outer electrode has a second receiving groove with a shape matching the inner electrode, the inner electrode is located in the second receiving groove, and a gap is left between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, and when the rolling body rotates, the FEP friction layer alternately contacts the inner electrode and the outer electrode.

[0020] Furthermore, the surface of the FEP friction layer is photolithographically patterned with a honeycomb structure.

[0021] Furthermore, the insulating passivation layer is a polytetrafluoroethylene structure, and the thickness of the insulating passivation layer is 0.005mm~0.01mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the telecommunications output unit includes a voltage doubler rectifier module, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip, and a front-end input interface for connecting monitoring equipment. The signal acquisition unit is connected to the telecommunications output unit through the front-end input interface.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) Rolling friction is used instead of sliding friction to reduce wear and improve bearing life; (2) The electrode functions as both a power generation electrode and a temperature-sensitive element, eliminating the need for an additional temperature sensor and simplifying the bearing structure; (3) By calling the pre-calibrated signal amplitude correction coefficient through the signal acquisition unit, common-mode interference can be canceled, and self-powered and high-precision anti-interference temperature measurement can be achieved; (4) The main bearing and the reference bearing can be interchanged, reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the main bearing; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the main bearing in Example 3; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the main bearing in Example 4; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal electrode structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the external electrode structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the retainer's structure; Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram for a telecommunications output unit.

[0025] In the attached diagram: 1-Main bearing; 2-Reference bearing; 3-Drive shaft; 4-Bearing inner ring; 5-Bearing outer ring; 6-Retainer; 601-Mounting groove; 602-Mounting shaft; 7-Rolling element; 8-Inner electrode; 801-Through groove; 802-First receiving groove; 9-Outer electrode; 901-Second receiving groove; 10-Voltage multiplier rectifier module; 11-DC-DC voltage regulator chip; 12-Pre-stage input interface; 13-Differential operation module; 14-Storage unit; 15-Post-stage output interface. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, representing schematic diagrams rather than actual physical objects, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent. To better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some components in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual dimensions of the product. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0027] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present patent. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] Example 1 This embodiment is the first embodiment of a self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing, such as... Figures 1 to 4As shown, the system includes a main bearing 1, a reference bearing 2, and a signal acquisition unit. The main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are coaxially mounted on a drive shaft 3. Both the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 include an inner bearing ring 4, an outer bearing ring 5, a rolling element 7, and a telecommunications output unit. The rolling element 7 rotates between the inner bearing ring 4 and the outer bearing ring 5. An inner electrode 8 and an outer electrode 9 are embedded in the inner wall of the outer bearing ring 5. The surface of the rolling element 7 is provided with an FEP friction layer. The inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 alternately roll and contact the FEP friction layer to generate an electrical signal. The surface of the FEP friction layer of the reference bearing 2 is also provided with an insulating passivation layer. The telecommunications output unit is used to output electrical signals. The signal acquisition unit includes a differential operation module 13 and a storage unit 14 pre-stored with calibrated signal amplitude correction coefficients. Both telecommunications output units and the storage unit 14 are communicatively connected to the differential operation module 13. The differential operation module 13 is used to extract pure temperature electrical signals that reflect temperature changes.

[0029] In the aforementioned self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing, when an external driving force is applied to the transmission shaft 3, driving the inner rings 4 of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 to rotate synchronously around their own axes, the outer surface of the inner ring 4 contacts the rolling element 7. Through friction, the rolling element 7 rotates synchronously. As the rolling element 7 rotates around the bearing axis, it performs pure rolling motion along the inner surface of the outer ring 5. The FEP friction layer covering the surface of the rolling element 7 undergoes continuous rolling friction contact with the inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 on the inner surface of the outer ring 5, resulting in electron transfer, i.e., triboelectric charging. As the rolling element 7 continues to roll, the FEP friction layer switches friction between the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9. The charge distribution at the friction interface exhibits periodic alternating changes, forming an alternating current through electrostatic induction, thus completing the conversion of rotating mechanical energy into alternating current. Simultaneously, the internal operating temperature of the main bearing 1 changes continuously with the operating state. The inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 expand and contract with temperature, and the effective contact area with the FEP friction layer changes synchronously and linearly. This causes the charge transfer density and output electrical signal of triboelectric generation to change synchronously, forming a mixed electrical signal containing common-mode interference information such as temperature, speed, load, and vibration. The rolling element 7 of the reference bearing 2 rolls synchronously with the main bearing 1, but because its FEP friction layer surface has an insulating passivation layer, only physical contact occurs without electron transfer, completely eliminating the effective alternating current of triboelectric generation. The inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 expand and contract synchronously and with the same amplitude as the main bearing 1, outputting a reference electrical signal containing only temperature information and common-mode interference information completely consistent with that of the main bearing 1. The telecommunications output unit outputs a mixed electrical signal and a reference electrical signal. The signal acquisition unit retrieves the pre-stored signal amplitude correction coefficient from the storage unit 14 and synchronously acquires the mixed electrical signal of the main bearing 1 and the reference electrical signal of the reference bearing 2. The differential processing module 13 performs differential processing to calculate the pure temperature electrical signal that eliminates common-mode interference. Using the pre-calibrated "pure temperature electrical signal-temperature" curve, it is converted into the real-time operating temperature of the core area inside the bearing, realizing high-precision continuous temperature monitoring that resists operating condition interference.

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 also include a retainer 6, which is located between the inner ring 4 and the outer ring 5 of the bearing. Multiple rolling elements 7 are rotatably mounted on the retainer 6. When an external driving force is applied to the drive shaft 3, driving the inner rings 4 of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 to rotate synchronously around their own axes, the retainer 6 rotates synchronously, which in turn drives the rolling elements 7 on the retainer 6 to rotate coaxially with the retainer 6. At the same time, the rolling elements 7 also rotate along their own axes to achieve alternating rolling contact between the FEP friction layer and the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9.

[0031] Both the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 are copper alloy foil structures, while the outer ring 5 and the inner ring 4 of the bearing are high-carbon chromium bearing steel structures. Both the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 are isolated from the inner wall of the outer ring 5 by an insulating layer. Due to the difference in electron work function between the FEP friction layer and the copper alloy foil structure, electron transfer occurs during frictional contact, i.e., triboelectric charging. The surface of the FEP friction layer accumulates negative charges, while the surface of the copper alloy foil structure accumulates positive charges. As the rolling element 7 continues to roll, the FEP friction layer switches between the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9, resulting in a periodic alternating change in the charge distribution at the friction interface. Through electrostatic induction, a periodic potential difference is generated between the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9, forming an alternating current and completing the conversion of rotational mechanical energy into alternating current. By employing a composite structure of a steel substrate and an FEP friction layer, the coefficient of friction is reduced to below 0.05, wear is reduced by more than 60%, and the continuous operating life can reach more than 5 years.

[0032] In this embodiment, the inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 are high-expansion wear-resistant copper alloy foil structures, which can be made of aluminum bronze or tin bronze with a thickness of 0.05mm to 0.08mm. The two electrodes are spaced 2mm to 3mm apart and isolated from the outer ring 5 of the bearing by a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating layer. The inner wall of the outer ring 5 of the bearing has a groove, and the inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 are located in the groove, with an expansion gap of 0.01mm to 0.02mm between the copper alloy foil structure and the groove. The outer ring 5 and the inner ring 4 of the bearing are made of GCr15 with a hardness of HRC60 to 62. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the high-expansion wear-resistant copper alloy foil structure is more than 30% higher than that of GCr15 material, and it can recover from thermal expansion and contraction with the change of bearing temperature. The inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 have the dual functions of power generation electrodes and temperature sensing elements. The design of the expansion gap ensures the temperature measurement effect without affecting the normal load-bearing and rotation of the bearing.

[0033] The FEP tribological layer surface is photolithographically patterned with a honeycomb structure. This significantly increases the tribological contact area and charge transfer sites, greatly improving the charging effect while ensuring contact sensitivity with the electrode.

[0034] The insulating passivation layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and has a thickness of 0.005mm to 0.01mm, making it resistant to... High temperature, oil resistance and no impact on heat conduction allow the reference bearing 2 to retain only physical contact and temperature-sensitive characteristics, completely eliminating effective alternating current generated by triboelectricity.

[0035] like Figure 8As shown, the telecommunications output unit includes a voltage doubler rectifier module 10, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip 11, and a front-end input interface 12 for connecting monitoring equipment. The signal acquisition unit is connected to the telecommunications output unit through the front-end input interface 12. The voltage doubler rectifier module 10 converts the alternating current generated by rolling friction into direct current and boosts the voltage; the DC-DC voltage regulator chip 11 stabilizes the unstable direct current to a standard voltage of 3.3V or 5V, with a measured maximum output current of 1A; the signal acquisition unit has a built-in charge / voltage acquisition module and a signal decoupling module, using the same acquisition chip and the same sampling frequency (…). The system synchronously acquires electrical signals from main bearing 1 and reference bearing 2. A differential algorithm is used to extract the pure temperature signal. This pure temperature signal is obtained by subtracting the product of the reference signal from the reference bearing 2 and the signal amplitude correction coefficient from the mixed electrical signal of main bearing 1. After signal decoupling, the pure temperature signal is transmitted to the monitoring terminal through the output interface 15. When the signal acquisition unit detects a power generation / temperature measurement fault in main bearing 1, it automatically switches the operating mode, using reference bearing 2 as a temporary working bearing (the power generation function can be restored after removing the insulation passivation layer) to continue temperature monitoring, avoiding monitoring interruptions and significantly improving the operational stability and reliability of industrial equipment.

[0036] Storage unit 14 uses an EEPROM non-volatile memory chip with a capacity of It is specifically designed for storing signal amplitude correction coefficients, supporting one-time factory writing or adaptive writing upon first startup. The calibration process for the signal amplitude correction coefficients is as follows: Before the product leaves the factory, the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are installed in pairs on a simple test bench, with a speed of 500 r / min and a load of 1 kN, at 25°C. 2 Under the environment, the signal acquisition unit automatically acquires no less than 100 sets of interference + temperature composite components of the main bearing 1. ) and the reference electrical signal of reference bearing 2 ( ),calculate The results are written to storage unit 14 and can be directly called during device operation without requiring secondary calibration by the user.

[0037] Example 2 This embodiment is the second embodiment of the self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment, except that, as Figure 7As shown, the retainer 6 is cylindrical, with multiple mounting slots 601 evenly spaced at both ends. Each mounting slot 601 has a mounting shaft 602 in its center, with the central axis of the mounting shaft 602 parallel to the central axis of the retainer 6. The rolling element 7 is rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft 602. In this embodiment, the rolling element 7 is a cylindrical roller, evenly distributed in two rows along the circumference of the retainer 6. The coefficient of rolling friction does not exceed 0.05, significantly reducing friction loss. Simultaneously, the axially distributed double-row design increases the friction contact area by more than 30% and the charge transfer density by more than 50%, ensuring both the power generation efficiency of the main bearing 1 and the synchronicity of the temperatures of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2.

[0038] The inner wall of the mounting shaft 602 is provided with a lubrication groove. The lubrication groove is used to store lithium-based grease to reduce friction between the rolling element 7 and the retainer 6.

[0039] Both the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 are cylindrical; the side wall of the inner electrode 8 has a through groove 801 connecting the two end faces of the inner electrode 8, and multiple first receiving grooves 802 are evenly spaced in groups along the circumferential direction at both ends of the inner electrode 8, such as... Figure 5 As shown; the outer electrode 9 has a second receiving groove 901 whose shape matches that of the inner electrode 8, such as Figure 6 As shown, the inner electrode 8 is located in the second receiving groove 901, and there is a gap between the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9. When the rolling body 7 rotates, the FEP friction layer alternately contacts the inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9.

[0040] In this embodiment, the rolling element 7 is a cylindrical roller, which is evenly distributed in two rows along the circumference of the retainer 6, with a number of no less than 6 groups, and corresponds to the sum of the number of groups of the first receiving groove 802 and the number of through grooves 801. The included angle between adjacent rollers is equal, and the diameter and total length of a single group of rollers are adapted to the mating dimensions of the bearing inner ring 4 and the bearing outer ring 5.

[0041] In this embodiment, the distributed double cylindrical roller design improves energy capture efficiency and can stably power multiple modules.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment is the third embodiment of the self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing. This embodiment is similar to embodiment two, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0043] The main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are designed to the same specifications and are coaxially paired on the transmission shaft 3 with a diameter of 90mm. The distance between them is 495mm, and both are electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit with an acquisition frequency of 100Hz.

[0044] The inner ring 4 of the bearing is made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a hardness of HRC61, an inner diameter of 90mm, an outer diameter of 98mm, and a raceway roughness of 0.3 on the outer surface. The raceway width is 105mm, which is compatible with the assembly dimensions of the input shaft of the small reducer.

[0045] The outer ring 5 of the bearing is made of high carbon chromium bearing steel, with an outer diameter of 160mm and an inner diameter of 142mm. The raceway on the inner surface matches the raceway of the inner ring 4 of the bearing. The inner surface is embedded with an inner electrode 8 and an outer electrode 9. The electrode material is high expansion wear-resistant tin bronze QSn6.5-0.1 foil with a thickness of 0.06mm. The inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 are spaced 2.5mm apart and are isolated from the outer ring 5 by a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer to prevent short circuits of the electrodes. A 0.01mm expansion gap is reserved between the electrodes and the groove of the outer ring 5 of the bearing.

[0046] The retainer 6 is made of brass and has a ring structure with an outer diameter of 130mm, an inner diameter of 108mm, and a thickness of 12mm. It has 14 sets of mounting grooves 601 evenly distributed around its circumference, and a mounting shaft 602 with a diameter of 7mm. The inner wall is machined with a lubrication groove with a width of 1mm and a depth of 0.5mm to store lithium-based grease and reduce friction between the rolling element 7 and the retainer 6.

[0047] The rolling element 7 is a cylindrical roller, rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft 602 within 14 sets of mounting slots 601, with the included angle between the centers of adjacent rollers being approximately... The single-group rollers in the same row use a high-carbon chromium bearing steel base with a diameter of 20mm and a total length (including the 6 parts of the retainer) of 105mm; the base surface is covered with a 0.15mm thick FEP friction layer, and the surface of the FEP friction layer is prepared with 8mm aperture holes through photolithography. The honeycomb structure enhances the triboelectric effect; the FEP friction layer of the reference bearing 2 is coated with a 0.005mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient close to that of the FEP friction layer and does not affect the thermal expansion and contraction of the copper alloy electrode. Therefore, the reference bearing 2 can reflect temperature changes synchronously.

[0048] The telecommunications output unit includes a voltage doubler rectifier module 10, a DC-DC voltage regulator chip 11, and a pre-amplifier input interface 12 for connecting monitoring equipment. The signal acquisition unit is connected to the telecommunications output unit through the pre-amplifier input interface 12. The voltage doubler rectifier module 10 consists of a 5-stage voltage doubler rectification structure composed of 7 150nF ceramic capacitors and 10 Schottky diodes (forward voltage drop 0.25V). The DC-DC voltage regulator chip 11 uses a TPS5430 chip, with an input voltage range of 2V~10V and a stable output voltage of 5V. The measured maximum output current can reach 1.0A, and it can simultaneously power 3~5 low-power monitoring devices. The pre-amplifier input interface 12 uses a miniature interface with a silicone sealing sleeve and an IP65 protection rating.

[0049] The signal acquisition unit integrates a differential operation module 13 and a storage unit 14 with pre-stored calibrated signal amplitude correction coefficients. It has an acquisition frequency of 100Hz, supports automatic switching between main bearing 1 and reference bearing 2 modes, and has an IP65 protection rating.

[0050] During assembly, the inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 are fixed to predetermined positions on the inner surface of the bearing outer ring 5 using insulating adhesive, ensuring that the electrodes are insulated from the bearing outer ring 5, the electrode surfaces are flat and flush with the raceway, and the expansion gap is uniform. After the electrodes are fixed, a megohmmeter is used to test the insulation resistance between the electrodes and the bearing outer ring 5, requiring... Ensure there is no short circuit; install the rolling elements 7 one by one into the mounting shaft 602 of the retainer 6, and inject lithium-based grease into the lubrication groove; install the retainer 6 into the outer ring 5 of the bearing, so that the rolling elements 7 fit with the raceway of the outer ring 5 of the bearing; press the inner ring 4 of the bearing into the inside of the rolling elements 7, so that the rolling elements 7 fit with the raceway of the inner ring 4 of the bearing, ensuring that the rolling elements 7 can roll flexibly; spray a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer onto the FEP friction layer surface of the reference bearing 2, and complete the individual assembly of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2.

[0051] The main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are installed coaxially along the axis of the drive shaft 3, with a distance of 495mm between them, ensuring synchronous rotation without jamming and guaranteeing the coaxiality of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 assembly. The diameter is 0.02mm, and the measurement is calibrated using a dial indicator. The telecommunications output units of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are connected to the signal acquisition unit through wires. The signal acquisition unit is then fixed on the reducer housing to complete the overall assembly.

[0052] The self-generating temperature measurement integrated bearing of this embodiment is installed on the input shaft of the small reducer. When the reducer is running, the transmission shaft 3 drives the inner ring 4 of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 to rotate synchronously, driving the rolling element 7 to roll purely and complete energy capture. The FEP friction layer of the main bearing 1 generates electricity through rolling friction with the electrode, producing an alternating current. After rectification and voltage regulation, it outputs 5V DC power to power the low-power devices such as the vibration sensor and speed monitoring terminal of the reducer, realizing self-powered operation.

[0053] The internal operating temperature of the bearing changes from room temperature (25°C) during operation. Gradually increase to operating temperature (80°C) The electrodes of main bearing 1 and reference bearing 2 undergo synchronous thermal expansion. The effective contact area between main bearing 1 and the FEP friction layer increases by approximately 20% compared to room temperature, and the charge transfer density increases by approximately 30%. The original voltage of the output mixed electrical signal rises from 3V to 4.5V. Reference bearing 2 outputs a synchronous reference electrical signal. After the equipment is installed and powered on, the signal acquisition unit directly retrieves the signal amplitude correction coefficient from storage unit 14 for differential calculation, requiring no calibration by the user. This 100% eliminates interference from speed fluctuations (500~1500 r / min) and load changes in the reducer, extracts the pure temperature electrical signal, and calculates the real-time operating temperature of the core area inside the bearing through the calibration curve, achieving high temperature measurement accuracy. Temperature data is transmitted to the gearbox monitoring terminal through the output interface 15, enabling high-precision continuous temperature monitoring of the bearing with self-powered and anti-interference capabilities.

[0054] Example 4 This embodiment is the fourth embodiment of the self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing. This embodiment is similar to embodiment three, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0055] The main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 are designed to the same specifications and are coaxially paired and mounted on the 80mm diameter drive shaft 3. The distance between the two is 495mm, and both are electrically connected to the signal acquisition unit with an acquisition frequency of 120Hz.

[0056] The integrated bearing inner ring 4 and retainer 6 are made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel with a hardness of HRC61, an inner diameter of 80mm, an outer diameter of 130mm, and an outer surface raceway roughness of 0.3. The raceway width is 30mm, which is compatible with the assembly dimensions of the input shaft of the small reducer. This component integrates the bearing inner ring 4's load-bearing function and the retainer 6's roller mounting function. It has 14 sets of mounting grooves 601 in the axial direction for mounting double cylindrical rolling elements 7.

[0057] The outer ring 5 of the bearing is made of high carbon chromium bearing steel, with an outer diameter of 160mm and an inner diameter of 142mm. The raceway on the inner surface matches the raceway of the inner ring 4 of the bearing. The inner surface is embedded with an inner electrode 8 and an outer electrode 9. The electrode material is high expansion wear-resistant aluminum bronze QAl9-4 foil with a thickness of 0.06mm. The inner electrode 8 and the outer electrode 9 are spaced 2.5mm apart and are isolated from the outer ring 5 by a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer to prevent short circuit of the electrodes. A 0.02mm expansion gap is reserved between the electrodes and the groove of the outer ring 5 of the bearing.

[0058] The rolling element 7 is a cylindrical roller, rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft 602 within 14 sets of mounting slots 601. Each set of rollers in the same row uses a high-carbon chromium bearing steel base with a diameter of 25mm and a length of 35mm per roller, for a total length (including the retainer 6) of 105mm. The base surface is covered with a 0.15mm thick FEP friction layer, and the surface of the FEP friction layer is prepared with apertures of 8mm using a photolithography process. The honeycomb structure enhances the triboelectric effect; the FEP friction layer surface of the reference bearing 2 is coated with a 0.01mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer.

[0059] The telecommunications output unit is the same as that in Embodiment 3.

[0060] The signal acquisition unit is the same as that in Example 3, with a sampling frequency of 120Hz.

[0061] During assembly, the inner electrode 8 and outer electrode 9 are fixed to predetermined positions on the inner surface of the bearing outer ring 5 using insulating adhesive, ensuring that the electrodes are insulated from the bearing outer ring 5, the electrode surfaces are flat and flush with the raceway, and the expansion gap is uniform. After the electrodes are fixed, a megohmmeter is used to test the insulation resistance between the electrodes and the bearing outer ring 5, requiring... To ensure no short circuits, the rolling elements 7 are installed one by one into the mounting shaft 602 of the integrated bearing inner ring 4-retainer 6, and lithium-based grease is injected into the lubrication groove. The integrated bearing inner ring 4-retainer 6 with the rolling elements 7 is installed into the bearing outer ring 5, so that the rolling elements 7 fit with the raceway of the bearing outer ring 5, ensuring that the rolling elements 7 can roll flexibly. A polytetrafluoroethylene insulating passivation layer is sprayed onto the FEP friction layer surface of the reference bearing 2, completing the individual assembly of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2.

[0062] Install the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 coaxially along the axis of the drive shaft 3, with a distance of 495mm between them, to ensure synchronous rotation without jamming. Connect the telecommunications output units of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 to the signal acquisition unit through wires. Fix the signal acquisition unit on the reducer housing to complete the overall assembly.

[0063] The self-generating temperature measurement integrated bearing of this embodiment is installed on the input shaft of the small reducer. When the reducer is running, the transmission shaft 3 drives the integrated bearing inner ring 4-retainer 6 of the main bearing 1 and the reference bearing 2 to rotate synchronously, driving the rolling element 7 to roll purely to realize frictional power generation. The alternating current generated by the main bearing 1 is regulated and output as 5V DC power to power the vibration sensor, speed monitoring terminal and other low-power devices of the reducer, thus realizing self-powered operation.

[0064] The internal operating temperature of the bearing changes from room temperature (25°C) during operation. Gradually increase to operating temperature (100°C) The electrodes of main bearing 1 and reference bearing 2 undergo synchronous thermal expansion. The effective contact area between main bearing 1 and the FEP friction layer increases by approximately 30% compared to room temperature, and the charge transfer density increases by approximately 50%. The original voltage of the output mixed electrical signal rises from 2.8V to 4.9V. Reference bearing 2 outputs a synchronous reference electrical signal. The signal acquisition unit uses a differential algorithm to 100% cancel out interference from speed fluctuations (300~2000r / min) and vibrations of the reducer, extracting a pure temperature electrical signal. The real-time operating temperature of the core area inside the bearing is calculated using a calibration curve, achieving high temperature measurement accuracy. Temperature data is transmitted to the reducer's monitoring terminal through the output interface 15, enabling high-precision continuous temperature monitoring of the bearing's internal self-powered and interference-resistant system. When the main bearing 1 fails, the signal acquisition unit automatically switches to the reference bearing 2 working mode to continue temperature monitoring and avoid monitoring interruption.

[0065] In the specific implementation of the above embodiments, the technical features can be combined in any non-contradictory way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the above technical features are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features is not contradictory, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing, characterized in that, The system includes a main bearing (1), a reference bearing (2), and a signal acquisition unit. The main bearing (1) and the reference bearing (2) are coaxially mounted on a transmission shaft (3). Both the main bearing (1) and the reference bearing (2) include an inner bearing ring (4), an outer bearing ring (5), a rolling element (7), and a telecommunications output unit. The rolling element (7) rotates between the inner bearing ring (4) and the outer bearing ring (5). An inner electrode (8) and an outer electrode (9) are embedded in the inner wall of the outer bearing ring (5). The surface of the rolling element (7) is provided with an FEP friction layer. The inner electrode (8)... The outer electrode (9) and the outer electrode (9) alternately roll in contact with the FEP friction layer to generate an electrical signal; the surface of the FEP friction layer of the reference bearing (2) is also provided with an insulating passivation layer; the telecommunications output unit is used to output the electrical signal; the signal acquisition unit includes a differential operation module (13) and a storage unit (14) pre-stored with calibrated signal amplitude correction coefficients, both of the telecommunications output units and the storage unit (14) are communicatively connected to the differential operation module (13), and the differential operation module (13) is used to extract the pure temperature electrical signal reflecting temperature changes.

2. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main bearing (1) and the reference bearing (2) also include a retainer (6), which is located between the inner ring (4) and the outer ring (5) of the bearing, and a plurality of rolling elements (7) are rotatably mounted on the retainer (6).

3. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9) are both copper alloy foil structures, the outer ring (5) and the inner ring (4) of the bearing are both high carbon chromium bearing steel structures, and the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9) are both isolated from the inner wall of the outer ring (5) of the bearing through an insulating layer.

4. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer ring (5) of the bearing is provided with a groove, the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9) are located in the groove, and an expansion gap of 0.01mm~0.02mm is left between the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9) and the groove.

5. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The retainer (6) is in the shape of a round tube. Multiple mounting slots (601) are evenly spaced at both ends of the retainer (6). A mounting shaft (602) is provided in the middle of each mounting slot (601). The central axis of the mounting shaft (602) is parallel to the central axis of the retainer (6). The rolling element (7) is rotatably mounted on the mounting shaft (602).

6. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the mounting shaft (602) is provided with a lubrication groove.

7. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9) are cylindrical. The inner electrode (8) has a through groove (801) on its sidewall that connects the two end faces of the inner electrode (8). Both ends of the inner electrode (8) are provided with a plurality of first receiving grooves (802) evenly spaced along the circumferential direction. The outer electrode (9) has a second receiving groove (901) that matches the shape of the inner electrode (8). The inner electrode (8) is located in the second receiving groove (901), and there is a gap between the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9). When the rolling body (7) rotates, the FEP friction layer alternately contacts the inner electrode (8) and the outer electrode (9).

8. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the FEP friction layer is photolithographically patterned with a honeycomb structure.

9. The self-generating temperature-measuring integrated bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating passivation layer has a polytetrafluoroethylene structure and a thickness of 0.005 mm to 0.01 mm.

10. The self-generating temperature-sensing integrated bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The telecommunications output unit includes a voltage doubler rectifier module (10), a DC-DC voltage regulator chip (11), and a front-end input interface (12) for connecting to monitoring equipment. The signal acquisition unit is connected to the telecommunications output unit through the front-end input interface (12).

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