Operation and control methods for open geothermal systems with integrated energy collection and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of geothermal energy utilization technology, and relates to a method for the operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass production and injection for cross-seasonal energy storage. The method includes: 1. Dividing geothermal wells located within the core reservoir area into central hot well groups, and wells located on the outer edge of the core reservoir area into peripheral cold well groups; 2. Establishing evaluation indicators including: heat recovery efficiency, heat breakthrough risk index, and production balance. E 1. Efficiency coefficient; 2. Under summer heat storage conditions, the peripheral cold well group pumps water, and the central hot well group reinjects water at high temperature; under winter heat extraction conditions, the central hot well group extracts heat at high temperature, and the peripheral cold well group reinjects water at low temperature; 3. Adjust the water flow rate and reinjection temperature under summer heat storage conditions and winter heat extraction conditions according to the evaluation indicators; This invention solves the problems existing in the layout and operation control of existing medium and deep geothermal wells, and realizes the efficient and balanced utilization of geothermal well heat storage resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of geothermal energy utilization technology, specifically relating to a method for the operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass extraction and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] In terms of well location layout, medium-deep geothermal wells often focus on the independent design and performance optimization of individual wells. Their design parameters typically revolve around local indicators such as well depth, heat extraction flow rate, and outlet temperature, lacking sufficient consideration of the synergistic effects within a well group system comprised of multiple production and reinjection wells. Current methods fail to systematically analyze and optimize the spatial relationships between well groups and the resulting thermal interference, leading to a lack of direction in well location layout from the outset. Regarding operation and control, existing strategies are mostly rigid. They commonly employ fixed pumping rates or flow rates based on the initial design, or rely on intermittent, extensive adjustments based on operator experience during operation. This operational mode lacks real-time responsiveness to dynamically changing heat load demands and has not established a closed-loop control mechanism based on real-time feedback of underground reservoir conditions. Therefore, medium-deep geothermal wells struggle to self-optimize based on seasonal load fluctuations and changes in reservoir conditions caused by long-term extraction. For example, the "Geothermal Integrated Development System and Method" disclosed in invention CN116578860A lacks a quantitative analysis and evaluation mechanism during geothermal development, which can easily lead to problems such as unbalanced extraction, energy waste, and environmental impact. Another example is the "Method for Extending the Service Life of a Geothermal System" disclosed in invention CN116989494A, where, after long-term extraction and injection, the low-temperature reinjection water flows too rapidly along the dominant channel due to differences in reservoir permeability, causing a sudden drop in the temperature of the extraction well.

[0003] Therefore, the existing layout of medium-deep geothermal wells has the following shortcomings: 1. Optimizing winter heat extraction methods, although some solutions delay thermal breakthrough by changing fluid viscosity or adopt a passive approach of shutdown and recovery during non-heating seasons, essentially still constitute a one-way consumption of the original underground thermal energy storage. Due to the lack of active heat storage in summer, the heat lost by the thermal reservoir during the heating season cannot be compensated for in a timely manner across seasons, making it difficult to maintain the formation thermal balance in long-term operation and easily leading to irreversible temperature decay.

[0004] 2. Current operational control is mostly based on fixed pumping flow rates or extensive adjustments based on historical data. Although existing technologies have proposed methods for control using fuzzy matrices and social evaluation indicators, they still lack flexibility in dealing with sudden changes in heat load caused by short-term meteorological fluctuations and dynamic drift of geological reservoir states due to long-term mining. In particular, existing viscosity control methods are mainly designed for steady-state seepage fields and are difficult to adapt to the frequent reverse switching of the flow field caused by alternating hot and cold conditions in aquifer energy storage modes.

[0005] 3. Geothermal integrated development evaluation systems often focus on the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of ground-mounted heat pumps, boilers, and other units. While these systems achieve multi-energy ratio control, they do not consider the deep underground aquifers as dynamic, cross-seasonal "thermal storage batteries" for coordinated optimization. This approach results in the inability to efficiently couple industrial waste heat and environmental residual heat generated in summer with winter heating needs within the underground thermal reservoir, leading to severe energy mismatch and waste.

[0006] How to achieve efficient and balanced utilization of geothermal well reservoir resources is one of the most pressing technical issues in the field of geothermal wells. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides the following technical solution: a method for operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass energy harvesting and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Divide the geothermal wells located within the core geothermal reservoir area into the central hot well group and the wells located at the outer edge of the core geothermal reservoir area into the outer cold well group. The bottom of the central hot well group is connected to the bottom of the outer cold well group. Step 2: Establish evaluation indicators, including: heat recovery efficiency. Thermal Breakthrough Risk Index Mining balance E Efficiency coefficient ; Step 3: Under summer thermal storage conditions, the outer cold well group pumps water, and the central hot well group reinjects water at high temperature; under winter heat extraction conditions, the central hot well group extracts heat at high temperature, and the outer cold well group reinjects heat at low temperature, thereby realizing the functional switching of the thermal reservoir as an underground energy carrier. Step 4: Adjust the water flow rate and reinjection temperature under summer heat storage and winter heat extraction conditions according to the evaluation indicators in Step 2.

[0008] Preferably, in step 1, the continuous area where the formation temperature rises by ΔT ≥ 5℃ at the end of summer is divided into a thermal reservoir area, based on the original formation temperature T0.

[0009] Preferably, in step 2, the evaluation indicators are specifically: Heat recovery rate :

[0010] in: To extract heat in winter, Injecting heat into summer, This represents the original heat output; Hot Breakthrough Risk Index :

[0011] in: For the first i Koujing in t The instantaneous outlet water temperature at any given moment. This refers to the stable water temperature at the initial stage of the well's operation. The instantaneous temperature of the fluid injected into the thermal reservoir from the reinjection well.

[0012] Mining balance E:

[0013] Where: n is the number of wells in the central hot well group or the peripheral cold well group, q i Let i be the real-time flow rate of the i-th geothermal well. This represents the average real-time flow rate of all geothermal wells within this well group.

[0014] efficiency coefficient :

[0015] in: The net heat taken by the system during the statistical period; This represents the total power consumption of the variable frequency pumps in the well group.

[0016] Even better, the following assessment should be conducted under summer thermal storage conditions: Thermal storage effectiveness assessment: Calculation of cumulative heat injection ,in Background formation temperature, The density of geothermal water, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of geothermal water. This refers to the amount of recharge per unit time.

[0017] Thermal diffusion uniformity assessment: Based on the downhole distributed temperature data of the central reinjection well group, the radial and vertical expansion range and uniformity of the high-temperature thermal plume are analyzed to prevent local accumulation.

[0018] Even better, the following evaluation should be conducted under winter heating conditions: efficiency coefficient Optimization: Dynamically adjust the flow rate of the well group according to the load demand of the heating terminals to ensure that the system extracts net heat while meeting heating requirements. With power consumption The ratio is in the high-efficiency range.

[0019] Preferably, in step 3, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and flow sensors deployed at the wellhead and in the thermal reservoir are used to collect operational data in real time and feed it back to the central control platform. The central control platform determines whether to enter summer thermal storage or winter thermal extraction mode according to a preset time sequence.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4, the control method under summer thermal storage conditions includes: If the cumulative heat injection Below the preset target value, or the temperature rise of the central thermal well group If the 5℃ threshold is not reached, the pumping volume of the peripheral cold well group will be increased, and the temperature of the reinjection water will be raised to enhance the thermal storage intensity.

[0021] If a high-temperature hot plume is detected to expand too rapidly in a certain direction or if the local temperature is too high, the reinjection flow rate can be dynamically distributed by adjusting the valve opening of different central hot well groups to achieve uniform distribution of heat energy in the reservoir and avoid the risk of local thermal breakthrough caused by heat accumulation.

[0022] Preferably, in step 4, the control method under winter heating conditions includes: Based on heat recovery rate Adjustment: If it is in the early part of the heating season If the value approaches 1.0, switch to low-intensity heating mode and reduce the pumping flow rate of the central heat well group.

[0023] Based on mining balance E Adjustment: Real-time calculation of flow deviations in each heating well within the central heating well group; if the production balance is... E If the flow rate is below a preset threshold, it is determined to be an uneven utilization of underground thermal storage resources. The frequency of the variable frequency pump or the valve opening of the corresponding wellhead is adjusted through the central control platform to reduce the exploitation intensity of high flow wells and guide the flow rate to be distributed to low flow areas, so as to achieve balanced utilization of thermal storage resources in the spatial dimension and prevent the sudden drop in ground pressure or shortening of thermal storage life due to over-exploitation in local areas.

[0024] Based on the thermal breakthrough risk index Adjustment: If a certain well Exceeding the safety threshold If the pump frequency of the well is reduced immediately, the hydraulic barrier is formed by increasing the reinjection pressure of adjacent wells, thus blocking the seepage of low-temperature water and reconstructing the underground flow field.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention effectively solves the problems existing in the layout and operation control of existing medium-deep geothermal wells, realizes the efficient and balanced utilization of geothermal well thermal storage resources, promotes the development of geothermal energy utilization technology, and provides important technical support and practical experience for the sustainable development and utilization of geothermal energy. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the operation and control method for a medium-deep hydrothermal multi-well production and irrigation system of the present invention, which is a method for the operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass production and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition and control network for the cross-seasonal energy storage geothermal system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The relevant technologies of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] like Figures 1-2 As shown in this embodiment, a method for coordinated optimization and operation control of multi-well production and irrigation in medium-deep hydrothermal geo ...

[0029] This implementation uses simulation software (such as FEFLOW or OpenGeoSys) to establish a coupled numerical model of groundwater flow and heat transfer including all candidate well locations, and simulates a complete operating cycle. The physical processes of the numerical model follow the governing equations for groundwater flow and heat transport, as follows: (1) Groundwater flow governing equation (H):

[0030] In the formula: φ Porosity of the reservoir rock, % ρ The fluid density is expressed in kg / m³. t For time, s; u For Darcy velocity, mD; Q Let be the flow rate of the fluid, in m³.

[0031] According to Darcy's law, the velocity u can be expressed by the momentum equation as:

[0032] In the formula: k Let be the permeability of the reservoir rock, in m²; μ Viscosity, Pa·s; For the gravity term, where g Let gravitational acceleration be 9.8 m / s². Let z be the unit vector in the z-direction. P The pressure of water can be expressed as water level:

[0033] In the formula: h is the water level, m; H is the well depth, m.

[0034] (2) The governing equation for heat transport (T):

[0035] In the formula: The average temperature of the entire porous structure is ℃; The density of the entire porous structure is kg / m³; The specific heat capacity of the entire porous structure under constant pressure. ; is the specific heat capacity of the fluid. ; The value is Darcy velocity, in m / s.

[0036] Using the original formation temperature T0 as a benchmark, the continuous area where the formation temperature rises by ΔT ≥ 5℃ at the end of summer is designated as an effective geothermal reservoir. Geothermal wells located entirely within the core geothermal reservoir area are classified as the central geothermal well group, while wells located on the outer edge of the core geothermal reservoir area are classified as the peripheral cold well group.

[0037] During summer, when the thermal reservoir is in operation, the outer cold well group pumps water while the central hot well group performs high-temperature reinjection to store environmental waste heat or industrial waste heat. During winter, when the thermal reservoir is in operation, the central hot well group performs high-temperature heat extraction while the outer cold well group performs low-temperature reinjection, thus realizing the functional switching of the thermal reservoir as an "underground energy carrier".

[0038] This implementation method establishes a set of evaluation indicators covering the dimensions of energy, water, and resource utilization, including heat recovery efficiency. Thermal Breakthrough Risk Index Mining balance and efficiency coefficient Among them, heat recovery efficiency is used to quantify the effectiveness of cross-seasonal energy storage cycles; while the exploitation balance is used to assess the degree of utilization of underground thermal reservoir resources by measuring the deviation between the actual heat recovery of each well group and the system average.

[0039] Heat recovery rate :

[0040] in: To extract heat in winter, Injecting heat into summer, This represents the original heat output.

[0041] Mining balance E:

[0042] Where: n is the number of wells in the central hot well group or the peripheral cold well group, q i Let i be the real-time flow rate of the i-th geothermal well. This represents the average real-time flow rate of all geothermal wells within this well group.

[0043] Hot Breakthrough Risk Index :

[0044] in: For the first i Koujing in t The instantaneous outlet water temperature at any given moment. This refers to the stable water temperature at the initial stage of the well's operation. The instantaneous temperature of the fluid injected into the thermal reservoir from the reinjection well.

[0045] efficiency coefficient :

[0046] in: The net heat taken by the system during the statistical period; This represents the total power consumption of the variable frequency pumps in the well group.

[0047] Relying on temperature, pressure, and flow sensors deployed at the wellhead and in the thermal reservoir, the system collects operational data in real time and feeds it back to the central control platform. The platform automatically determines whether to enter "summer thermal storage mode" or "winter thermal extraction mode" according to a preset time sequence.

[0048] Summer thermal storage conditions: The core of the summer assessment is the heat output efficiency and the effect of thermal field construction, which aims to store high-quality heat sources for winter.

[0049] Thermal storage effectiveness assessment: Calculation of cumulative heat injection ,in Background formation temperature, The density of geothermal water, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of geothermal water. This refers to the amount of recharge per unit time.

[0050] Thermal diffusion uniformity assessment: Based on the downhole distributed temperature data of the central reinjection well group, the radial and vertical expansion range and uniformity of the high-temperature thermal plume are analyzed to prevent local accumulation.

[0051] Winter heating conditions: The core of winter assessment is heating stability, system energy efficiency and thermal breakthrough prevention.

[0052] Heat recovery rate As a real-time output ratio indicator: if this value approaches 1.0 too early in the heating season, it indicates that the heat storage in summer is insufficient, and the system needs to issue an early warning and switch to a low-intensity heating mode to protect the balance of the thermal reservoir.

[0053] Hot Breakthrough Risk Index Real-time monitoring of the outlet water temperature of the central hot well. If... Rapid decline led to Exceeding the safety threshold This indicates a "cold breakthrough," and the system needs to immediately reduce the pump speed of the well or increase the pressure of adjacent wells through regulating valves to reconstruct the flow field and block the cold water channel.

[0054] efficiency coefficient Optimization: Dynamically adjust the flow rate of the well group according to the load demand of the heating terminals to ensure that the system extracts net heat while meeting heating requirements. With power consumption The ratio is in the high-efficiency range.

[0055] Collaborative evaluation results output: Normal range: All indicators meet the standards, and the current flow distribution strategy for each well group is maintained.

[0056] Exceeding the limit: Dynamically adjust the frequency of the variable frequency drive or the valve opening at a specific wellhead to control the fluid flow direction through pressure difference.

[0057] or Low: Activate energy efficiency optimization strategies and redistribute the load ratio of mass sampling and irrigation.

[0058] The controller in this embodiment adopts a multi-objective collaborative optimization algorithm, with the objective function of minimizing the risk of thermal penetration and maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the system. It dynamically calculates and adjusts the frequency of the variable frequency pump and the opening command of the regulating valve of each well group to achieve active reconstruction and precise control of the underground fluid flow field.

[0059] Summer heat storage phase control methods: If the cumulative heat injection Below the preset target value, or the temperature rise of the central thermal well group If the 5℃ threshold is not reached, the system will automatically increase the pumping volume of the peripheral cold well group and correspondingly increase the temperature of the reinjection water (such as by connecting a waste heat source or solar thermal system) to enhance the heat storage intensity.

[0060] If the system detects that the high-temperature heat plume is expanding too rapidly in a certain direction or that the local temperature is too high, it will dynamically distribute the reinjection flow by adjusting the valve opening of different central reinjection wells to achieve uniform distribution of heat energy in the reservoir and avoid the risk of local thermal breakthrough caused by heat accumulation.

[0061] Regulation methods during the winter heating season: Based on heat recovery rate Adjustment: If it is in the early part of the heating season A value close to 1.0 indicates insufficient heat storage in summer. The system will automatically switch to a low-intensity heat extraction mode, which reduces the pumping flow rate of the central thermal well group and extends the service life of the thermal reservoir.

[0062] Based on the thermal breakthrough risk index Adjustment: If a certain well Exceeding the safety threshold The system will immediately reduce the pump frequency of the well and, by increasing the reinjection pressure of adjacent wells, form a hydraulic barrier to block the seepage of low-temperature water and reconstruct the underground flow field.

[0063] Adjustments based on the production balance E: The central control platform calculates the flow deviation of each well within the central hot well group in real time. If the production balance... E If the flow rate is below a preset threshold, it indicates uneven utilization of the underground thermal reservoir, which may lead to localized thermal depletion. In this case, the system automatically identifies individual wells with flow rates significantly higher than the average and limits over-exploitation by reducing the opening of their wellhead regulating valves or lowering the frequency of their variable frequency pumps. Conversely, the system automatically identifies individual wells with flow rates significantly lower than the average, checks their filter differential pressure, and if the differential pressure is normal, increases the opening of their regulating valves to guide flow distribution to that area. By actively reconstructing the underground flow field, the system ensures a more uniform pressure distribution in the thermal reservoir, thereby extending the overall service life of the thermal reservoir system.

[0064] Based on efficiency coefficient Adjustment: The system dynamically optimizes the total flow rate of the well group based on the building's heat load demand to ensure... It operates within a high-efficiency range, achieving a balance between minimizing energy consumption and maximizing heat extraction.

[0065] In summary, this invention provides a scientific, comprehensive, and efficient operation and control method for cross-seasonal open geothermal energy storage systems with multiple extraction and injection points. Regarding system operation and control, detailed assessment and control methods are formulated for summer heat storage and winter heat extraction conditions. In summer, heat storage effectiveness and heat diffusion uniformity assessments are used to reserve high-quality heat sources for winter. In winter, heat extraction stability, system energy efficiency, and heat breakthrough prevention are assessed and controlled based on heat recovery rate, heat breakthrough risk index, and efficiency coefficient. Simultaneously, through collaborative assessment results, the flow distribution strategy for each well group, the frequency conversion frequency or valve opening of specific wellheads, and the load ratio of multiple extraction and injection points are dynamically adjusted according to the compliance status of different indicators. Furthermore, the system relies on sensors at the wellheads and geothermal reservoirs to collect operational data in real time and feed it back to the central control platform, achieving proactive reconstruction and precise control of the underground fluid flow field. During the summer heat storage phase, the pumping volume and reinjection flow rate are automatically adjusted based on the amount of heat injected and the heat diffusion. During the winter heat extraction phase, the heat extraction mode, pump frequency, and total flow rate of the well group are flexibly adjusted according to different indicators, achieving a balance between minimizing energy consumption and maximizing heat extraction.

[0066] It should be emphasized that the above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass energy harvesting and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the geothermal wells located within the core geothermal reservoir area into central hot well groups and the wells located at the outer edge of the core geothermal reservoir area into peripheral cold well groups. The bottom of the central hot well groups is connected to the bottom of the peripheral cold well groups respectively. Step 2: Establish evaluation indicators, including: heat recovery efficiency. Thermal Breakthrough Risk Index Mining balance E Efficiency coefficient ; Step 3: Under summer thermal storage conditions, the outer cold well group pumps water, and the central hot well group reinjects water at high temperature; under winter heat extraction conditions, the central hot well group extracts heat at high temperature, and the outer cold well group reinjects heat at low temperature, thereby realizing the functional switching of the thermal reservoir as an underground energy carrier. Step 4: Adjust the water flow rate and reinjection temperature under summer heat storage and winter heat extraction conditions according to the evaluation indicators in Step 2. In step 2, the evaluation index is specifically as follows: Heat recovery rate : in: To extract heat in winter, Injecting heat into summer, This represents the original heat output; Hot Breakthrough Risk Index : in: For the first i Koujing in t The instantaneous outlet water temperature at any given moment. For the first i The stable water output temperature of the well during the initial stage of operation. The instantaneous temperature of the fluid injected into the thermal reservoir from the reinjection well; Mining balance E: Where: n is the number of wells in the central hot well group or the peripheral cold well group, q i Let i be the real-time flow rate of the i-th geothermal well. This represents the average real-time flow rate of all geothermal wells within this well group; efficiency coefficient : in: The net heat taken by the system during the statistical period; This represents the total power consumption of the variable frequency pumps in the well group.

2. The operation and control method for a multi-seasonal open geothermal system with integrated energy harvesting and irrigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, based on the original formation temperature T0, the continuous area where the formation temperature rises by ΔT ≥ 5℃ at the end of summer is divided into a thermal reservoir area.

3. The operation and control method for a clustered geothermal system with integrated energy harvesting and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The following assessments will be conducted under summer thermal storage conditions: Thermal storage effectiveness assessment: Calculation of cumulative heat injection ,in Background formation temperature, The density of geothermal water, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of geothermal water. The amount of recharge per unit time; Thermal diffusion uniformity assessment: Based on the downhole distributed temperature data of the central reinjection well group, the radial and vertical expansion range and uniformity of the high-temperature thermal plume are analyzed to prevent local accumulation.

4. The operation and control method for a multi-seasonal open geothermal system with integrated energy harvesting and irrigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The following assessments will be conducted under winter heating conditions: efficiency coefficient Optimization: Dynamically adjust the flow rate of the well group according to the load demand of the heating terminals to ensure that the system extracts net heat while meeting heating requirements. With power consumption The ratio is in the high-efficiency range.

5. The method for operation and control of open geothermal systems with mass harvesting and irrigation for cross-seasonal energy storage as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, relying on temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and flow sensors deployed at the wellhead and in the thermal reservoir, operational data is collected in real time and fed back to the central control platform. The central control platform determines whether to enter summer thermal storage or winter thermal extraction mode according to a preset time sequence.

6. The operation and control method for a multi-seasonal open geothermal system with integrated energy harvesting and irrigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the control methods under summer thermal storage conditions include: If the cumulative heat injection Below the preset target value, or the temperature rise of the central thermal well group If the 5℃ threshold is not reached, the pumping volume of the peripheral cold well group will be increased and the temperature of the reinjection water will be raised to enhance the thermal storage intensity. If a high-temperature hot plume is detected to expand too rapidly in a certain direction or if the local temperature is too high, the reinjection flow rate can be dynamically distributed by adjusting the valve opening of different central hot well groups to achieve uniform distribution of heat energy in the reservoir and avoid the risk of local thermal breakthrough caused by heat accumulation.

7. The operation and control method for a multi-seasonal open geothermal system with integrated energy harvesting and irrigation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the control method under winter heating conditions includes: Based on heat recovery rate Adjustment: If it is in the early part of the heating season If the value approaches 1.0, switch to low-intensity heat extraction mode and reduce the pumping flow rate of the central heat well group. Based on mining balance E Adjustment: Real-time calculation of flow deviations in each heating well within the central heating well group; if the production balance is... E If the flow rate is below the preset threshold, it is determined to be an uneven utilization of underground thermal storage resources. The frequency of the variable frequency pump or the valve opening of the corresponding wellhead is adjusted through the central control platform to reduce the exploitation intensity of high flow wells and guide the flow rate to be distributed to low flow areas, so as to achieve balanced utilization of thermal storage resources in the spatial dimension and prevent the sudden drop in ground pressure or shortening of thermal storage life due to over-exploitation in local areas. Based on the thermal breakthrough risk index Adjustment: If a certain well Exceeding the safety threshold If the pump frequency of the well is reduced immediately, the hydraulic barrier is formed by increasing the reinjection pressure of adjacent wells, thus blocking the seepage of low-temperature water and reconstructing the underground flow field.

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