Low flow resistance heat pipe heat exchanger structure

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of heat pipe technology, specifically relating to a low-flow-resistance heat pipe heat exchanger structure. In this invention, a hot-side spherical head is welded to the bottom of the hot-side cylinder, and a hot-side baffle is spot-welded to the inside of the hot-side spherical head. A tube sheet is located at the top of the hot-side cylinder, and hot-side flow equalization plates are evenly distributed between the hot-side baffle and the tube sheet. A cold-side cylinder is located at the upper end of the tube sheet, and the upper end of the cold-side cylinder is welded to a cold-side elliptical head. A cold-side baffle is spot-welded to the inside of the cold-side elliptical head, and cold-side flow equalization plates are evenly distributed between the cold-side baffle and the tube sheet. Multiple long, straight cylindrical heat pipes are arranged inside both the hot-side and cold-side cylinders. This invention, while ensuring high-temperature, high-pressure sealing on the hot side, features a compact, modular layout and integration, reducing flow resistance on the cold side, promoting and maintaining stable natural circulation, and optimizing heat transfer to ensure long-term, efficient, and reliable system operation under accident conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of heat pipe technology, specifically relating to a low flow resistance heat pipe heat exchanger structure. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear reactors generate a significant amount of residual heat during operation. Even after reactor shutdown, this residual heat needs to be effectively removed to prevent the reactor core from overheating and causing a serious safety accident. Passive residual heat removal systems are a key design feature of modern advanced nuclear reactors. They utilize natural forces to reliably remove core residual heat under accident conditions over a long period, without requiring external power or active equipment. Heat pipe heat exchangers are considered an ideal choice for passive residual heat removal systems due to their high heat transfer efficiency and pump-free operation.

[0003] However, applying heat pipe heat exchangers to passive residual heat removal systems in nuclear reactors, especially when utilizing the unlimited heat sink environment of the ocean for cooling, faces the following challenges: 1. Under open natural circulation conditions in the ocean, the cold side of the heat exchanger relies on density difference to form natural circulation, with minimal driving force. Traditional heat exchangers have complex flow channels and high resistance, easily hindering the establishment of natural circulation and leading to system failure; 2. Heat pipes must penetrate the pressure boundary on the hot side. To ensure nuclear safety, the connection between the heat pipe and the tube sheet must meet stringent high-temperature and high-pressure sealing requirements. While traditional welding can guarantee a seal, the heat pipe cannot be flexibly disassembled, making heat pipe replacement impossible during heat exchanger maintenance and repair; 3. Traditional heat exchangers typically have large sealing structures to ensure high-pressure sealing. Existing industrial heat pipe heat exchanger structures cannot simultaneously meet the safety, reliability, and performance requirements for nuclear-grade applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this invention is to provide a low-flow-resistance, high-performance heat pipe heat exchanger structure that can meet the application requirements of the passive waste heat removal system of nuclear reactors. Under the premise of ensuring high-temperature and high-pressure sealing on the hot side, it features a compact modular layout and integration, reduces flow resistance on the cold side, promotes and maintains stable natural circulation, and optimizes heat transfer to ensure long-term, efficient and reliable operation of the system under accident conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A low-flow-resistance heat exchanger structure includes a hot-side spherical head, a hot-side surrounding plate, a hot-side cylinder, a hot-side flow equalization plate, a tube sheet, a cold-side flow equalization plate, a cold-side cylinder, a cold-side surrounding plate, and a cold-side elliptical head. The hot-side spherical head is welded to the bottom of the hot-side cylinder to adapt to high-pressure conditions on the primary side. The hot-side surrounding plate is spot-welded to the inner side of the hot-side spherical head to form a directional flow channel. A tube sheet is provided at the top of the hot-side cylinder, and a distance is left between the hot-side surrounding plate and the tube sheet. The hot-side flow equalization plate is evenly distributed between the hot-side enclosure plate and the tube sheet to achieve uniform distribution of coolant to the surface of the heat pipe; the upper end of the tube sheet is provided with a cold-side cylinder, the upper end of the cold-side cylinder is welded to the cold-side elliptical head, the cold-side enclosure plate is spot-welded to the inside of the cold-side elliptical head, and the cold-side flow equalization plate is evenly distributed between the cold-side enclosure plate and the tube sheet to achieve uniform distribution of cooling water to the surface of the heat pipe; multiple long straight cylindrical heat pipes are provided inside the hot-side cylinder and the cold-side cylinder.

[0006] A hot-side inlet pipe is connected to the center of the bottom of the hot-side spherical head. A hot-side drain or drain port is provided on the side wall of the hot-side spherical head. A hot-side outlet pipe is provided on the side wall of the hot-side cylinder. The hot-side drain or drain port is located below the side of the hot-side cylinder.

[0007] The top of the cold-side elliptical head is provided with a cold-side outlet pipe, the side wall of the cold-side cylinder is provided with a cold-side inlet pipe, and the side wall of the cold-side elliptical head is provided with a cold-side exhaust port.

[0008] The heat pipe is inserted through the tube sheet, with its evaporation section and condensation section extending into the hot and cold side channels, respectively.

[0009] Both the hot-side cylinder and the cold-side cylinder are equipped with flanges at their ends. The hot-side cylinder and the cold-side cylinder are in close contact with the tube sheet. By pre-tightening the corresponding flanges with double-ended studs and nuts, the hot-side cylinder and the cold-side cylinder directly press against the upper and lower surfaces of the tube sheet, thereby achieving a seal between the upper and lower cylinders and the tube sheet.

[0010] Each heat pipe has a threaded connecting pipe welded to the outer wall of its insulating section. On the heat-side surface of the tube sheet, there is an internal threaded hole that matches the threaded connecting pipe. The heat pipe is inserted into the tube sheet from the heat side, and the threaded connecting pipe is screwed into the internal thread of the tube sheet and tightened.

[0011] A flexible graphite gasket is installed at the internal thread seal of the tube sheet. When tightened, the gasket is pressed down, thereby achieving a seal between the heat pipe and the tube sheet.

[0012] It also includes an ear-type support, a hot-side temperature measurement component, a hot-side pressure measurement component, a cold-side temperature measurement component, and a cold-side pressure measurement component; the ear-type support is fixed to the outside of the hot-side cylinder; the hot-side temperature measurement component, the hot-side pressure measurement component, the cold-side temperature measurement component, and the cold-side pressure measurement component are respectively installed on the hot-side spherical head and the cold-side elliptical head to monitor the operating parameters in real time.

[0013] The overall structure of the hot-side flow equalization plate and the cold-side flow equalization plate is fitted with the cylinder, and heat pipe holes and through holes are evenly opened on them.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The present invention provides a low flow resistance high performance heat pipe heat exchanger structure, which adopts a combination sealing design of "tube sheet + flange + double-ended stud" and "tube sheet + flexible graphite gasket + threaded joint", combined with the pressure-resistant structure of the hot side spherical head, to achieve a reliable seal with a high temperature and high pressure resistance of not less than 350℃ and a pressure resistance of not less than 17.2 MPa on the hot side. It can realize a high temperature and high pressure compact sealing structure design, while the flange and threaded connection methods take into account the convenience of installation and maintenance.

[0015] (2) The present invention provides a low flow resistance high performance heat pipe heat exchanger structure, which adopts the tube sheet as a sealing gasket design, eliminating the multi-layer gasket and complex bolt connection between the tube sheet and the shell flange in the traditional heat exchanger, and greatly reducing the axial space required for the sealing area; the flow distribution plate and the surrounding plate are used to guide the flow, so that the fluid can evenly cover each heat pipe, and at the same time can be used as an internal support component to enhance the rigidity of the heat pipe and avoid vibration, so that more heat pipes can be arranged in a unit cross-sectional area, and further realize the compact heat pipe heat exchanger design.

[0016] (3) The present invention provides a low flow resistance high performance heat pipe heat exchanger structure. The hot side plate and the cold side plate guide the fluid to flow smoothly in a direction parallel to the heat pipe axis, and fully exchange heat with the heat pipe, avoiding eddy current loss caused by direct impact on the tube bundle. The hot side flow equalization plate and the cold side flow equalization plate adopt a porous uniform distribution design with an opening ratio of 35%-45%, so that the fluid uniformly covers the surface of each heat pipe, maximizes the heat exchange area utilization rate, and reduces the additional resistance generated in the local high-speed area. The long straight cylindrical heat pipe reduces the fluid flow resistance. The three work together to achieve low flow resistance on the cold side, thereby realizing long-term stable operation of the cold side open natural circulation, realizing efficient heat exchange and low flow resistance channel design. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in describing the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments recorded in the present invention. Those skilled in the art can derive other drawings from the following drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of a low-flow-resistance, high-performance heat pipe heat exchanger structure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a heat pipe-tube sheet sealing structure. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a flow equalizer; In the diagram: 1-Hot-side spherical head, 2-Hot-side enclosure, 3-Ear support, 4-Hot-side cylinder, 5-Hot-side flow equalization plate, 6-Tube sheet, 7-Flange, 8-Double-ended stud and nut, 9-Cold-side flow equalization plate, 10-Cold-side cylinder, 11-Cold-side enclosure, 12-Heat pipe, 13-Cold-side elliptical head, 14-Cold-side vent, 15-Cold-side outlet pipe, 16-Cold-side inlet pipe, 17-Hot-side outlet pipe, 18-Hot-side drain or sewage outlet, 19-Hot-side inlet pipe, P1-Hot-side pressure measuring component, T1-Hot-side temperature measuring component, P2-Cold-side pressure measuring component, T2-Cold-side temperature measuring component, 20-Flexible graphite gasket, 21-Threaded connection pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a low flow resistance heat tube heat exchanger structure, including a hot-side spherical head 1, a hot-side surrounding plate 2, a hot-side cylinder 4, a hot-side flow equalization plate 5, a tube sheet 6, a cold-side flow equalization plate 9, a cold-side cylinder 10, a cold-side surrounding plate 11, a cold-side elliptical head 13, a cold-side exhaust port 14, a cold-side outlet pipe 15, a cold-side inlet pipe 16, a hot-side outlet pipe 17, a hot-side drain port or sewage outlet 18, and a hot-side inlet pipe 19. The hot-side spherical end cap 1 is welded to the bottom of the hot-side cylinder 4 to adapt to the high-pressure conditions of the primary side; the hot-side surrounding plate 2 is spot-welded to the inner side of the hot-side spherical end cap 1 to form a directional drainage channel; the top of the hot-side cylinder 4 is provided with a tube sheet 6, and a certain distance is left between the hot-side surrounding plate 2 and the tube sheet 6; the hot-side flow equalization plate 5 is evenly arranged between the hot-side surrounding plate 2 and the tube sheet 6 to achieve uniform distribution of coolant to the surface of the heat pipe 12; the center of the bottom of the hot-side spherical end cap 1 is connected to... A hot-side inlet pipe 19 is connected to the hot-side spherical head 1, and a hot-side drain or sewage outlet 18 is provided on the side wall of the hot-side cylinder 4. A hot-side outlet pipe 17 is provided on the side wall of the hot-side cylinder 4, and the hot-side drain or sewage outlet 18 is located below the side of the hot-side cylinder 4. The hot-side spherical head 1, the hot-side enclosure plate 2, the hot-side cylinder 4, the hot-side flow equalization plate 5, the tube sheet 6, the hot-side inlet pipe 19, the hot-side outlet pipe 17, and the hot-side drain or sewage outlet 18 constitute a hot-side flow channel assembly. The upper end of the tube sheet 6 is provided with a cold-side cylinder 10, the upper end of which is welded to the cold-side elliptical head 13. The cold-side surrounding plate 11 is spot-welded to the inside of the cold-side elliptical head 13. The cold-side flow equalization plate 9 is evenly arranged between the cold-side surrounding plate 11 and the tube sheet 6. The cold-side flow equalization plate 9 forms a low-resistance flow path to achieve uniform distribution of cooling water to the surface of the heat pipe. The top of the cold-side elliptical head 13 is provided with a cold-side outlet pipe 15. The side wall of the cold-side cylinder 10 is provided with a cold-side inlet pipe 16. The side wall of the cold-side elliptical head 13 is provided with a cold-side exhaust port 14, which is located above the side of the cold-side cylinder 10. The cold-side elliptical head 13, the cold-side surrounding plate 11, the cold-side cylinder 10, the cold-side flow equalization plate 9, the cold-side inlet pipe 16, the cold-side outlet pipe 15, and the cold-side exhaust port 14 constitute a cold-side flow channel assembly. The hot-side cylinder 4 and the cold-side cylinder 10 are equipped with multiple long straight cylindrical heat pipes 12. The heat pipes 12 are inserted through the tube sheet 6, and their evaporation section and condensation section extend into the hot-side and cold-side flow channels respectively. Efficient heat transfer is achieved through the internal working fluid phase change. This invention includes a two-stage sealing structure: The first-stage seal is achieved through the tube sheet 6 sealing the shell: the tube sheet 6 itself functions as a sealing gasket, and flanges 7 are provided at the ends of both the hot-side shell 4 and the cold-side shell 10. The hot-side shell 4 and the cold-side shell 10 are in close contact with the tube sheet 6. By symmetrically pre-tightening the corresponding flanges 7 with double-ended studs and nuts 8, the hot-side shell 4 and the cold-side shell 10 directly press against the upper and lower surfaces of the tube sheet 6, thereby achieving a high-pressure seal between the upper and lower shells and the tube sheet 6. This sealing method eliminates the need for multiple layers of gaskets and complex bolt connections between the tube sheet and the shell flange in traditional heat exchangers, significantly reducing the axial space required for the sealing area.

[0021] The second-stage seal is achieved by sealing the heat pipe 12 to the tube sheet 6: a threaded connecting pipe 21 is welded to the outer wall of the insulated section of each heat pipe 12, such as... Figure 2 As shown, an internal threaded hole matching the threaded connecting pipe 21 is machined on the heat-side surface of the tube sheet 6. During installation, the heat pipe 12 is inserted into the tube sheet 6 from the high-pressure side of the heat side. Then, the threaded connecting pipe 21 is screwed into the internal thread of the tube sheet and tightened. A flexible graphite gasket 20 is provided at the sealing point of the internal thread of the tube sheet. When tightened, the gasket is pressed, thereby achieving a seal between the heat pipe 12 and the tube sheet 6. Through the above technical solution, when the system is running, the pressure on the heat side is higher than that on the cold side. This pressure difference acts on the sealing structure composed of the heat pipe 12 and the threaded connecting pipe 21, generating an additional tightening force, which automatically strengthens the seal under high-pressure conditions, achieving a "pressure difference self-tightening" effect. This sealing method has advantages over welding, ferrule, and other sealing methods, and can significantly reduce the volume of the sealing component while flexibly disassembling and assembling the heat pipe.

[0022] It also includes an ear-type support 3, a hot-side temperature measuring component T1, a hot-side pressure measuring component P1, and a cold-side temperature measuring component T2 and a cold-side pressure measuring component P2; the ear-type support 3 is fixed to the outside of the hot-side cylinder 4 to ensure the stability of the equipment installation; the hot-side temperature measuring component T1, the hot-side pressure measuring component P1, the cold-side temperature measuring component T2, and the cold-side pressure measuring component P2 are respectively installed on the hot-side spherical head 1 and the cold-side elliptical head 13 to monitor the operating parameters in real time.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the overall structure of the hot-side flow equalization plate 5 and the cold-side flow equalization plate 9 is fitted with the cylinder. In this embodiment, the hot-side flow equalization plate 5 and the cold-side flow equalization plate 9 are in the form of hexagonal perforated plates, on which heat pipe holes and through holes are uniformly opened, with an opening rate of 35%-45%. The heat pipe holes are used to limit the heat pipe 12, and the through holes can ensure that the coolant is diverted to the surface of the heat pipe 12 through the flow equalization plate.

[0024] This invention is applied to a passive residual heat removal system for nuclear reactors, where a high-temperature, high-pressure coolant circulates through the hot-side components, while the cold-side components utilize an open-loop natural circulation system similar to that used in marine applications.

[0025] When installing a heat pipe heat exchanger, follow the assembly procedure below: 1. Sealing assembly of heat pipes and tube sheet: Fix tube sheet 6, fit flexible graphite gasket 20 onto the shoulder of threaded connecting tube 21, insert heat pipe 12 one by one into the through hole of tube sheet 6, with the two ends extending out of equal length; after ensuring that the threaded connecting tube 21 and the internal thread of tube sheet 6 are completely coaxial and parallel, use a torque wrench to screw all threaded connecting tubes 21 into the internal thread of tube sheet 6 in a symmetrical and differential order.

[0026] 2. Installation of the enclosure plate and flow equalization plate: The cold side enclosure plate 11 is spot welded to the inside of the cold side elliptical head 13. The cold side flow equalization plate 9 is connected to the cold side enclosure plate 11 by bolts. During assembly, it should be noted that the heat pipe holes of the cold side flow equalization plate 9 are arranged in the same direction as the heat pipe holes on the tube sheet 6. The hot side enclosure plate and flow equalization plate are installed in the same way as the cold side.

[0027] 3. Installation of the cylinder and flange: Fix the hot-side cylinder 4, hoist the tube sheet 6 with the heat pipes 12 assembled onto the hot-side cylinder 4, align the heat pipes 12 with the hot-side flow equalization plate 5, insert the heat pipes 12 into the hot-side cylinder 4, and install the whole assembly so that the sealing surface of the tube sheet 6 is in contact with the sealing surface of the flange 7 of the hot-side cylinder 4; hoist the cold-side cylinder 10 onto the tube sheet 6, align the heat pipes 12 and the cold-side flow equalization plate 9, and install the whole assembly so that the sealing surface of the flange 7 of the cold-side cylinder 10 is in contact with the sealing surface of the tube sheet 6. Assemble the studs and nuts 8, and tighten them in the order of opposite sides and cross orientation, ensuring that the flange is under balanced stress during tightening.

[0028] 4. After assembly, perform a water pressure test on the hot and cold sides of the heat pipe heat exchanger. The test pressure is 1.25 times the design pressure. If there is no leakage after holding the pressure for 30 minutes, it is considered qualified. When applied to a passive waste heat removal system for a nuclear reactor, the heat pipe heat exchanger structure provided by this invention operates as follows: When the accident occurs, the high-temperature and high-pressure coolant on the primary side of the reactor enters the hot side of the heat pipe heat exchanger through the hot side inlet pipe 19, is evenly distributed by the hot side flow equalization plate 5, and fully contacts and exchanges heat in the evaporation section of the heat pipe 12. After being guided by the hot side enclosure plate 2, it flows out through the hot side outlet pipe 17.

[0029] The heat pipe 12 is filled with a working fluid. After absorbing heat on the hot side, the working fluid evaporates and flows to the cold end. After releasing heat on the cold side, it condenses and the liquid flows back to the hot side through capillary action or gravity, forming a natural circulation.

[0030] The ocean heat sink is located on the upper side of the heat pipe heat exchanger. Under the action of gravity, seawater enters the cold side of the heat pipe heat exchanger through the cold side inlet pipe 16, is guided by the cold side enclosure 11, and is evenly distributed by the cold side flow equalization plate 9. After absorbing heat in the condensation section of the heat pipe 12, the seawater heats up, its density decreases, and it flows upward, transferring heat to the external ocean heat sink, forming a natural circulation.

[0031] While those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and therefore all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present invention is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This way of describing the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A low-flow-resistance heat exchanger structure, characterized in that, The system includes a hot-side spherical head (1), a hot-side surrounding plate (2), a hot-side cylinder (4), a hot-side flow equalization plate (5), a tube sheet (6), a cold-side flow equalization plate (9), a cold-side cylinder (10), a cold-side surrounding plate (11), and a cold-side elliptical head (13). The hot-side spherical head (1) is welded to the bottom of the hot-side cylinder (4) to adapt to the high-pressure conditions on the primary side. The hot-side surrounding plate (2) is spot-welded to the inside of the hot-side spherical head (1) to form a directional flow channel. The top of the hot-side cylinder (4) is provided with a tube sheet (6) for heat exchange. A distance is left between the side panel (2) and the tube sheet (6). The hot-side flow equalization plate (5) is evenly arranged between the hot-side side panel (2) and the tube sheet (6) to achieve uniform distribution of coolant to the surface of the heat pipe (12). The upper end of the tube sheet (6) is provided with a cold-side cylinder (10). The upper end of the cold-side cylinder (10) is welded to the cold-side elliptical head (13). The cold-side side panel (11) is spot-welded to the inside of the cold-side elliptical head (13). The cold-side flow equalization plate (9) is evenly arranged between the cold-side side panel (11) and the tube sheet. (6) Between them, cooling water is evenly distributed to the surface of the heat pipe (12); multiple long straight cylindrical heat pipes (12) are provided inside the hot side cylinder (4) and the cold side cylinder (10); flanges (7) are provided at the ends of the hot side cylinder (4) and the cold side cylinder (10), and the tube sheet (6) is in close contact with the top of the hot side cylinder (4) and the bottom of the cold side cylinder (10). The corresponding flanges (7) are pre-tightened by double-ended studs and nuts (8), so that the hot side cylinder (4) and the cold side cylinder (10) directly press the tube sheet (6) together. The upper and lower surfaces achieve the first-level seal between the upper and lower cylinders and the tube sheet (6); each heat pipe (12) has a threaded connecting pipe (21) welded to the outer wall of the insulation section. The heat pipe (12) is inserted through the hot side into the matching internal thread hole on the tube sheet (6). By screwing in and tightening the threaded connecting pipe (21), the flexible graphite gasket (20) set at the sealing point is pressed to achieve the second-level seal between the heat pipe (12) and the tube sheet (6); the opening ratio of the hot side flow equalization plate (5) and the cold side flow equalization plate (9) is 35%-45%.

2. The low flow resistance heat tube heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot-side spherical end cap (1) is connected to a hot-side inlet pipe (19) at the bottom center. The hot-side spherical end cap (1) is provided with a hot-side drain port or sewage outlet (18) on its side wall. The hot-side cylinder (4) is provided with a hot-side outlet pipe (17) on its side wall. The hot-side drain port or sewage outlet (18) is located below the side of the hot-side cylinder (4).

3. The low flow resistance heat pipe heat exchanger structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the cold-side elliptical end cap (13) is provided with a cold-side outlet pipe (15), the side wall of the cold-side cylinder (10) is provided with a cold-side inlet pipe (16), and the side wall of the cold-side elliptical end cap (13) is provided with a cold-side exhaust port (14).

4. The low flow resistance heat tube heat exchanger structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat pipe (12) is inserted through the tube sheet (6), with its evaporation section and condensation section extending into the hot and cold side channels, respectively.

5. The low flow resistance heat tube heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an ear-type support (3), a hot-side temperature measuring component (T1), a hot-side pressure measuring component (P1), a cold-side temperature measuring component (T2), and a cold-side pressure measuring component (P2); the ear-type support (3) is fixed to the outside of the hot-side cylinder (4); the hot-side temperature measuring component (T1), the hot-side pressure measuring component (P1), the cold-side temperature measuring component (T2), and the cold-side pressure measuring component (P2) are respectively installed on the hot-side spherical head (1) and the cold-side elliptical head (13) to monitor the working parameters in real time.

6. The low flow resistance heat pipe heat exchanger structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The overall structure of the hot-side flow equalization plate (5) and the cold-side flow equalization plate (9) is matched with the cylinder, and heat pipe holes and through holes are evenly opened on them.

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