A high temperature gas cooled reactor cooling system and a high temperature gas cooled reactor

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a high-temperature gas cooled reactor cooling system and a high-temperature gas cooled reactor, and relates to the technical field of nuclear power. The high-temperature gas cooled reactor cooling system comprises a pressure vessel and a heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly comprises a steam superheater and a steam generator, after being heated by a reactor core in the pressure vessel, reactor coolant flows into the steam superheater to exchange heat with steam in the steam superheater, so that saturated steam from the steam generator is converted into superheated steam, and then flows into the steam generator to heat feed water, and after heat exchange is completed, returns to the pressure vessel to be heated by the reactor core again. The steam generator generates saturated steam and outputs the saturated steam to the steam superheater, the saturated steam is heated to superheated steam in the steam superheater, and is finally output to a steam turbine generator set. The steam superheater and the steam generator in the heat exchange assembly can adopt a miniaturized structure, so that the manufacturing and transportation of main equipment are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power technology, and more specifically, to a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Background Technology

[0002] The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor is an advanced fourth-generation reactor technology. It has inherent high safety, high steam parameters, and high efficiency, and can be used in a variety of integrated applications such as power generation, supplying high-temperature and high-pressure steam, hydrogen production, seawater desalination, and combined heat and power.

[0003] In existing technologies, the main equipment of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors is tall, heavy, and asymmetrically arranged, which makes the excavation depth of the reactor building deep, and the seismic design and equipment support design of the building and equipment relatively difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, so as to improve the technical problems of the deep excavation depth of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors and the relatively high difficulty of seismic design and equipment support design of plant and equipment in the prior art.

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system, comprising: Pressure vessels; A heat exchange assembly, the heat exchange assembly including a steam superheater, the steam superheater having a first heat exchange chamber and a first coolant chamber, the input end of the first heat exchange chamber being connected to the output end of a pressure vessel through a first connecting pipe; The heat exchange assembly further includes a steam generator, which has a second heat exchange chamber and a second coolant chamber. The output end of the first heat exchange chamber is connected to the input end of the second coolant chamber through a second connecting pipe. The output end of the second coolant chamber is connected to the input end of the first coolant chamber through a third connecting pipe. The output end of the first coolant chamber is connected to the input end of the pressure vessel. The first heat exchange chamber is provided with a first heat exchange pipeline. The input end of the first heat exchange pipeline is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange chamber through a fourth connecting pipeline. The output end of the first heat exchange pipeline is connected to a steam turbine generator set. The input end of the second heat exchange chamber is connected to a water supply pipeline. The pressure vessel, the first connecting pipe, the first heat exchange chamber, the second connecting pipe, the second heat exchange chamber, the second coolant chamber, the third connecting pipe, and the first coolant chamber are all filled with reactor coolant.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, the heat exchange assembly further includes a circulating fan configured to drive the flow of the reactor coolant.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the steam generator is a horizontal steam generator.

[0008] In an optional implementation, the circulating fan is a helium fan.

[0009] In an alternative embodiment, the steam superheater is positioned vertically above the steam generator.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the steam generator further includes a separator tank disposed between the second heat exchange chamber and the second coolant chamber; the output end of the first heat exchange chamber is connected to the input end of the separator tank through the second connecting pipe, and the separator tank is connected to the second coolant chamber through a connecting hole.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the reactor coolant is helium.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, including a gas-cooled reactor core, and further including the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system described in any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the gas-cooled reactor core is disposed in the pressure vessel.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, two heat exchange components are provided and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure vessel.

[0014] In an optional implementation, the two heat exchange components share the power of the gas-cooled reactor equally, and each heat exchange component bears 50% of the total power of the gas-cooled reactor.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor provided in this embodiment of the invention include: This invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) cooling system and a HTGR having the same system. The HTGR cooling system includes a pressure vessel and a heat exchange assembly surrounding the pressure vessel. The heat exchange assembly includes a steam superheater and a steam generator. The steam superheater has a first heat exchange chamber and a first coolant chamber, and the steam generator has a second heat exchange chamber and a second coolant chamber. The input end of the first heat exchange chamber is connected to the output end of the pressure vessel via a first connecting pipe. The output end of the first heat exchange chamber is connected to the input end of the second coolant chamber via a second connecting pipe. The output end of the second coolant chamber is connected to the input end of the first coolant chamber via a third connecting pipe. The output end of the first coolant chamber is connected to the input end of the pressure vessel. After being heated by the reactor core in the pressure vessel, the reactor coolant flows into the steam superheater to exchange heat with the steam, converting the saturated steam from the steam generator into superheated steam. The superheated steam then flows back into the steam generator to heat the feedwater. After heat exchange, the coolant returns to the pressure vessel to be reheated by the reactor core. The steam generator produces saturated steam and outputs it to the steam superheater, where it is heated into superheated steam, which is then finally output to the steam turbine generator set. This invention allows for a miniaturized structure in the steam superheater and steam generator within the heat exchange components, facilitating the manufacturing and transportation of the main equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor structure provided in this embodiment.

[0018] Icon: 100 - Pressure Vessel; 200 - Heat exchange assembly; 210 - Steam superheater; 211 - First heat exchange chamber; 212 - First coolant chamber; 220 - Steam generator; 221 - Second heat exchange chamber; 222 - Second coolant chamber; 223 - Divider tank; 2231 - Connecting hole; 230 - Circulating fan; 300-Core; A1 - First connecting pipe; A2 - Second connecting pipe; A3 - Third connecting pipe; A4 - Fourth connecting pipe; B1 - First heat exchange pipeline; C1 - Water supply pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," or "outer" are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this invention is usually placed, they are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0025] The following detailed description of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and the overall structure, working principle, and technical effects of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor provided by the present invention, through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is a detailed account of these embodiments.

[0026] This invention provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor having the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system is mainly used to absorb and transfer the heat energy generated by the reactor core, and adapts to different operating conditions and requirements of the reactor by adjusting parameters such as the flow rate and temperature of the reactor coolant.

[0027] It should be noted that the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system provided in this embodiment can also be applied to many other technical fields, such as petrochemical and chemical fields, resource recycling fields, etc., and is not limited to the nuclear power technology field in this embodiment.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system provided in this embodiment includes a pressure vessel 100 and a heat exchange assembly 200; wherein the heat exchange assembly 200 includes a steam superheater 210 and a steam generator 220; wherein the steam superheater 210 has a first heat exchange chamber 211 and a first coolant chamber 212 that surrounds the first heat exchange chamber 211; the steam generator 220 has a second heat exchange chamber 221 and a second coolant chamber 222 that surrounds the second heat exchange chamber 221.

[0029] Furthermore, the input end of the first heat exchange chamber 211 is connected to the output end of the pressure vessel 100 through the first connecting pipe A1, and the output end of the first heat exchange chamber 211 is connected to the input end of the second coolant chamber 222 through the second connecting pipe A2; the output end of the second coolant chamber 222 is connected to the input end of the first coolant chamber 212 through the third connecting pipe A3, and the output end of the first coolant chamber 212 is connected to the input end of the pressure vessel 100.

[0030] In some embodiments, the pressure vessel 100, the first connecting pipe A1, the first heat exchange chamber 211, the second connecting pipe A2, the second heat exchange chamber 221, the second coolant chamber 222, the third connecting pipe A3, and the first coolant chamber 212 contain reactor coolant. In one specific embodiment, the flow direction of the reactor coolant is as follows: the reactor coolant first absorbs the heat generated by the gas-cooled reactor core 300 in the pressure vessel 100, and then flows out from the output end of the pressure vessel 100; it enters the first heat exchange chamber 211 of the steam superheater 210 through the first connecting pipe A1, and after completing the initial heat exchange, it flows into the second coolant chamber 222 of the steam generator 220 through the second connecting pipe A2; after further heat exchange in the second coolant chamber 222, it enters the first coolant chamber 212 of the steam superheater 210 through the third connecting pipe A3; finally, it flows back from the output end of the first coolant chamber 212 to the input end of the pressure vessel 100 and enters the next cycle.

[0031] Furthermore, in order to further improve the heat exchange effect between the second heat exchange chamber 221 and the second coolant chamber 222, the steam generator 220 also includes a partition barrel 223 disposed outside the second heat exchange chamber 221. The partition barrel 223 is disposed between the second heat exchange chamber 221 and the second coolant chamber 222. The output end of the first heat exchange chamber 211 and the input end of the partition barrel 223 are connected through the second connecting pipe A2, and the partition barrel 223 is connected to the second coolant chamber 222 through the connecting hole 2231.

[0032] Correspondingly, the reactor coolant flows as follows: the reactor coolant first absorbs the heat generated by the gas-cooled reactor core 300 in the pressure vessel 100, and then flows out from the output end of the pressure vessel 100; it enters the first heat exchange chamber 211 of the steam superheater 210 through the first connecting pipe A1, and after completing the initial heat exchange, it flows into the separator 223 of the steam generator 220 through the second connecting pipe A2, and then flows into the second coolant chamber 222 through the connecting hole 2231 of the separator 223; after further heat exchange in the second coolant chamber 222, it enters the first coolant chamber 212 of the steam superheater 210 through the third connecting pipe A3; finally, it flows back from the output end of the first coolant chamber 212 to the input end of the pressure vessel 100, and enters the next cycle.

[0033] In some embodiments, a first heat exchange pipe B1 is provided in the first heat exchange chamber 211. The input end of the first heat exchange pipe B1 is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange chamber 221 through a fourth connecting pipe A4. The output end of the first heat exchange pipe B1 is connected to a steam turbine generator set. It is understood that the second heat exchange chamber 221 of the steam generator 220 is connected to a water supply pipe C1. The steam generator 220 is used to generate saturated steam.

[0034] In this embodiment, a second heat exchange pipeline (not shown in the figure) with a structure similar to that of the first heat exchange pipeline B1 is provided in the second heat exchange chamber 221. The input end of the second heat exchange pipeline is connected to the water supply pipeline C1, and the output end of the second heat exchange pipeline is connected to the fourth connecting pipeline A4.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the steam generation process and flow direction are as follows: feedwater is input into the second heat exchange chamber 221 of the steam generator 220 via feedwater pipe C1 and then into the second heat exchange pipe. Within the chamber, it absorbs heat from the reactor coolant in the second coolant chamber 222, vaporizing to generate saturated steam. The saturated steam flows out from the output end of the second heat exchange pipe and enters the first heat exchange pipe B1 within the first heat exchange chamber 211 of the steam superheater 210 via the fourth connecting pipe A4. The saturated steam further absorbs heat from the reactor coolant in the first heat exchange chamber 211 within the first heat exchange pipe B1, increasing its temperature to become superheated steam. The superheated steam flows out from the output end of the first heat exchange pipe B1 and is transported to the turbine generator set to generate electricity. In other embodiments, the steam after generating electricity is condensed and converted back into feedwater, then input into the second heat exchange pipe again via feedwater pipe C1 to enter the next cycle.

[0036] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the first heat exchange pipe B1 and the second heat exchange pipe in the steam superheater 210, in this embodiment, the first heat exchange pipe B1 and the second heat exchange pipe are arranged in a serpentine or U-shaped pattern.

[0037] For example, both the first heat exchange pipe B1 and the second heat exchange pipe are arranged in a U-shape.

[0038] In some embodiments, the heat exchange assembly 200 further includes a circulating fan 230, which is configured to drive the flow of the reactor coolant to complete the circulation process described above.

[0039] Specifically, the reactor coolant flows under the action of the circulating fan 230, completing the following circulation process: from the pressure vessel 100 to the first connecting pipe A1 to the first heat exchange chamber 211 to the second connecting pipe A2 to the second coolant chamber 222 to the third connecting pipe A3 to the first coolant chamber 212 back to the pressure vessel 100. The reactor coolant can continuously flow in the above closed loop under the action of the circulating fan 230, ensuring full contact between the coolant and the core 300 and the heat exchange device, and realizing the efficient removal and transfer of heat from the core 300.

[0040] In some embodiments, the circulating fan 230 described above can be either a main helium fan or an axial flow helium circulating fan 230.

[0041] In one specific implementation, the circulating fan 230 is the main helium fan.

[0042] In the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system provided in this embodiment, the reactor coolant is helium.

[0043] Please continue reading. Figure 1 To reduce the height of the main equipment and decrease the amount of excavation required for civil engineering, in this embodiment, the steam generator 220 is a horizontal steam generator 220; meanwhile, the steam superheater 210 is installed vertically above the steam generator 220. Using a horizontal steam generator 220 in this embodiment reduces the height of the main circuit, decreases the depth of excavation for civil engineering, and also facilitates in-service inspection of the steam generator 220.

[0044] This embodiment also provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor with the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system, including a gas-cooled reactor core 300 and the above-mentioned high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system, wherein the gas-cooled reactor core 300 is disposed in a pressure vessel 100.

[0045] In this embodiment, two heat exchange components 200 are provided and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure vessel 100.

[0046] Furthermore, the power of the gas-cooled reactor is shared equally by the two heat exchange components 200, and the power undertaken by each heat exchange component 200 accounts for 50% of the total power of the gas-cooled reactor.

[0047] This embodiment provides a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor that utilizes two symmetrically arranged heat exchange components 200 to support the pressure vessel 100. Simultaneously, each heat exchange component 200 bears 50% of the reactor power, allowing for miniaturization of the steam superheater 210 and the horizontal steam generator 220, facilitating the manufacturing of the main equipment and land transportation. Furthermore, when a loop fails, by reducing reactor power and isolating the faulty loop, the intact loops can continue operating, improving the unit's availability.

[0048] The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system provided in this embodiment adopts a horizontal steam generator 220 and sets the steam superheater 210 higher than the steam generator 220 in the vertical direction, which effectively reduces the overall height of the main circuit and reduces the amount of excavation in civil engineering. At the same time, the horizontal structure facilitates in-service inspection of the steam generator 220 and reduces construction and operation and maintenance costs.

[0049] The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor provided in this embodiment reduces the size of a single steam superheater 210 and horizontal steam generator 220 by symmetrically arranging two heat exchange components 200 on both sides of the pressure vessel 100, thereby miniaturizing the main equipment, facilitating factory manufacturing and land transportation, and reducing production and logistics costs. At the same time, the dual heat exchange components 200 form a redundant design, which can reduce the reactor power and isolate the faulty circuit when one circuit fails, allowing the intact circuit to continue operating. In addition, the symmetrically arranged two heat exchange components 200 can provide stable support for the pressure vessel 100, which facilitates equipment support and forms an anti-seismic design.

[0050] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system, characterized in that, include: Pressure vessel (100); A heat exchange assembly (200) includes a steam superheater (210) having a first heat exchange chamber (211) and a first coolant chamber (212). The input end of the first heat exchange chamber (211) is connected to the output end of the pressure vessel (100) through a first connecting pipe (A1). The heat exchange assembly (200) further includes a steam generator (220), which has a second heat exchange chamber (221) and a second coolant chamber (222). The output end of the first heat exchange chamber (211) is connected to the input end of the second coolant chamber (222) through a second connecting pipe (A2). The output end of the second coolant chamber (222) is connected to the input end of the first coolant chamber (212) through a third connecting pipe (A3). The output end of the first coolant chamber (212) is connected to the input end of the pressure vessel (100). The first heat exchange chamber (211) is provided with a first heat exchange pipeline (B1). The input end of the first heat exchange pipeline (B1) is connected to the output end of the second heat exchange chamber (221) through a fourth connecting pipeline (A4). The output end of the first heat exchange pipeline (B1) is connected to a steam turbine generator set. The input end of the second heat exchange chamber (221) is connected to a water supply pipeline (C1). The pressure vessel (100), the first connecting pipe (A1), the first heat exchange chamber (211), the second connecting pipe (A2), the second heat exchange chamber (221), the second coolant chamber (222), the third connecting pipe (A3), and the first coolant chamber (212) contain reactor coolant.

2. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange assembly (200) also includes a circulating fan (230) configured to drive the flow of the reactor coolant.

3. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam generator (220) is a horizontal steam generator (220).

4. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circulating fan (230) is a helium fan.

5. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam superheater (210) is positioned vertically above the steam generator (220).

6. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam generator (220) also includes a separator (223), which is disposed between the second heat exchange chamber (221) and the second coolant chamber (222); the output end of the first heat exchange chamber (211) is connected to the input end of the separator (223) through the second connecting pipe (A2), and the separator (223) is connected to the second coolant chamber (222) through a connecting hole (2231).

7. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor coolant is helium.

8. A high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, comprising a gas-cooled reactor core (300), characterized in that, It also includes the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor cooling system according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the gas-cooled reactor core (300) is disposed in the pressure vessel (100).

9. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that, The heat exchange components (200) are provided in two quantities and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the pressure vessel (100).

10. The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The two heat exchange components (200) share the power of the gas-cooled reactor equally, and each heat exchange component (200) accounts for 50% of the total power of the gas-cooled reactor.

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