A Salt Field Landscape Design Method Based on Tamarix Planting

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for landscape design in salt fields based on tamarisk planting, belonging to the field of coastal ecological improvement. Specific steps include: conducting on-site investigations of soil salinity, pH, and other indicators to complete pre-planting preparations; selecting 2-3 year old native tamarisk species, which can be combined with native / landscape tree species; planning planting areas in non-production areas of the salt field, taking into account both ecological and landscape functions; planting in spring and autumn, with a spacing of 2.5-3.0 meters between plants; and carrying out watering, replanting, and maintenance according to standards for the first three years. This invention also designs three implementation methods for different areas of the salt field to construct a salt field-tamarisk composite ecosystem. Without affecting salt production, it achieves coastal ecological restoration, tamarisk germplasm protection, and biological improvement of saline-alkali land. It can also promote the integration of the salt industry with cultural tourism and specialty agriculture, providing technical support for the green development of salt fields and the utilization of abandoned salt fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coastal tamarisk wetland protection and saline-alkali land ecological improvement technology, specifically a method for salt field landscape design based on tamarisk planting. Background Technology

[0002] Sea salt is an important marine resource in my country, accounting for approximately 27.69% of the country's total crude salt production. Currently, the development of sea salt fields is trending towards large-scale and integrated development, but this development process has exposed many problems: the expansion of salt fields has damaged the coastal wetland ecosystem, leading to a decline in biodiversity and exacerbating soil salinization; the salt industry and its supporting bromine industry generate pollution such as dust and corrosive waste gas, affecting the air environment and human health; the reduction of brine resources and the homogenization of salt products have led salt enterprises to switch to other industries, making the high-quality utilization of abandoned salt fields a challenge.

[0003] Tamarix chinensis is a pioneer tree species in saline-alkali land management, possessing ecological functions such as salt tolerance, salt secretion, windbreak and sand fixation, and air purification. However, its coastal natural habitat has been severely damaged by both natural and human factors. Meanwhile, the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land has become a national strategy, and Shandong Province has also issued several plans to support tamarisk planting and saline-alkali land improvement. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for a method for ecological improvement and landscape design of salt fields that can achieve coordinated development of salt production and ecological protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting, which realizes coastal ecological restoration, tamarisk germplasm protection, and improvement of saline-alkali land in salt fields, while promoting the green, low-carbon and sustainable development of the salt industry and providing technical support for the high-quality utilization of abandoned salt fields.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A method for designing salt field landscapes based on tamarisk planting, specifically including the following steps: In the early stages of planting, on-site surveys and monitoring of salt fields were conducted. The monitoring indicators included topography, surface cover, environmentally sensitive targets, soil moisture content, soil bulk density, total soil salt content, soil pH, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Based on the results of the on-site surveys and monitoring, the selection of planting areas, land leveling, landscape planning and design, and project approval were completed in sequence, laying the foundation for the planting of tamarisk.

[0006] For tree species selection, choose native tamarisk species that are suitable for the natural ecological environment of the coastal zone. They can be paired with native tree species or landscape tree species such as weeping willow and black pine. For native tamarisk species, select healthy plants that are 2-3 years old to ensure the survival rate of planting. It is preferable to select one or more of Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk.

[0007] Based on the natural geographical conditions of the salt field, the planting plan and layout of tamarisk are set up in non-production areas such as open spaces in the salt field, salt marshes, roadsides, both sides of drainage ditches, salt pond embankments, factory boundary protection zones, and work and living support areas. The layout of the planting area takes into account the functions of landscape, leisure, and greening, and strictly avoids affecting the normal production activities of the salt industry.

[0008] Planting and management: Tamarisk should be planted in spring or autumn when the soil temperature and humidity are suitable, which can improve the survival rate of seedlings. The planting distance should be maintained at 2.5-3.0 meters to ensure normal ventilation and light for the plants. After planting, scientific management should be carried out. Water at least once during dry months. Replant any seedlings that have not survived after 3 months. The frequency of tending after planting should be no less than three times in the first year, no less than twice in the second year, and no less than once in the third year. Focusing on key management periods can improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0009] This invention designs three preferred implementation methods based on the geographical conditions and functional requirements of different areas of salt fields: Along the banks of salt ponds, along the slopes of drainage ditches, and along salt field roads: using Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk as the main tree species, with a spacing of 3-5 meters between trees, utilizing the root system of tamarisk to protect the slopes and the branches to form windbreak forest belts, achieving the effects of windbreak and embankment reinforcement, dust reduction and slope protection; In open areas of salt fields and salt marshes: plant tamarisk, reeds, cattails or sea buckthorn composite ecosystems at a spacing of 3 meters × 5 meters to create a coastal tamarisk wetland landscape and conserve biodiversity. Saltworks factory and office areas: Tamarisk willows will be combined with various green space tree species, such as black pine and ash, to create a layout that integrates functionality with health, leisure with environmental protection and safety requirements, thereby enhancing biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity.

[0010] Furthermore, as a salt-secreting plant, tamarisk can remove soil salts by harvesting its branches, thus achieving biological improvement of saline-alkali land. The salt field-tamarisk composite ecosystem constructed in this invention can be widely applied to ecological protection during the salt field production period, ecological improvement of saline-alkali land after salt field closure, and ecological restoration of coastal wetlands. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: Significant ecological restoration effects: The windbreak and sand fixation, air purification, and salt secretion and soil improvement functions of tamarisk can effectively restore the coastal ecosystem of salt fields, improve the ecological environment quality of salt fields, protect tamarisk germplasm resources, and maintain biodiversity. Experiments have shown that after the closure of tamarisk communities, the soil salinity of severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 1.45% can be reduced to 0.33%, achieving efficient biological improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0011] Ensuring normal salt production: Planting tamarisk in non-production areas of salt fields not only does not affect salt production, but also plays a role in protecting slopes and embankments, reducing dust and noise, reducing damage to salt fields caused by strong winds and soil erosion, extending the service life of salt fields, and maintaining efficient and orderly salt production.

[0012] Promote integrated industrial development: The unique landscape created by combining salt field scenery with tamarisk wetland can be used to develop coastal salt field study tours and sightseeing tourism; tamarisk can be used as a resource for the Chinese medicinal herb Xihe willow and specialty food ingredients, realizing the transformation of ecological value into economic value, and promoting the integration of salt industry with cultural tourism, Chinese medicinal herbs, and specialty agriculture.

[0013] Providing technical and practical support: This invention provides specific technical methods and practical experience for the high-quality utilization of saline-alkali land after the closure of salt fields, and also provides theoretical innovation for the ecological improvement of coastal saline-alkali land, which is in line with the national strategy for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the specific steps of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0016] This invention discloses a salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting. The core of this method is to construct a salt field-tamarisk composite ecosystem in the salt field area through scientific pre-planting preparation, tree species selection, layout planning, and post-planting management. This achieves multiple goals—salt field ecological restoration, landscape creation, and saline-alkali land improvement—without affecting normal salt production, while simultaneously protecting tamarisk germplasm resources and promoting the green, low-carbon, and sustainable development of coastal salt industry and related sectors. This method is applicable to all coastal salt field areas in my country, especially suitable for muddy tidal flat salt fields in the Yellow River Basin and around the Bohai Bay. The following are three preferred embodiments, all based on a unified core technical process, with adjustments to planting parameters and combinations made only according to the geographical conditions and functional requirements of different salt field areas.

[0017] Example 1: Planting of tamarisk along the banks of salt ponds, slopes of drainage ditches, and along roads in salt fields This embodiment involves planting tamarisk along the banks of salt ponds, the slopes of drainage ditches, and both sides of salt field roads in the core area of ​​salt field production. This area is the main area for salt field production and transportation, and the core needs are windbreak and dike reinforcement, dust reduction and slope protection, and improvement of the surrounding soil, while avoiding impact on salt production, water diversion and drainage and other production activities.

[0018] Pre-planting preparations: Conduct on-site investigations of the salt pond ridges, drainage ditch slopes, and both sides of roads, focusing on monitoring soil total salt content, soil pH value, topographic slope, and soil bulk density. At the same time, confirm production-related parameters such as drainage ditch flow direction and road width. Based on the investigation results, select the slope toe and 50cm outside the road shoulder as the planting area. Perform simple land leveling in the planting area, remove stones, construction waste, and other debris, and complete the landscape planning and project approval.

[0019] Tree species selection: Tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk are selected as the core planting species. These native species of tamarisk are tolerant of waterlogging and have strong root sprouting ability, making them suitable for the growth environment of slopes and watersides. Healthy bare-root seedlings with an age of 2-3 years are selected. There is no need to combine them with other tree species to avoid the vegetation being too dense and affecting production and passage.

[0020] Planting planning and layout: The planting area is laid out linearly along the salt pond ridges, drainage ditch slopes, and both sides of the road, strictly avoiding the salt pond inlet, outlet and road traffic area. Planting is only carried out in non-production blank areas, taking into account both the ecological function of windbreak and embankment protection and the actual needs of salt production.

[0021] Planting and Management: Planting should be carried out after the soil thaws in spring. The planting spacing should be adjusted to 3-5 meters, which is a proper increase compared to the basic spacing to avoid excessive root spread that could affect the slope structure and road foundation. Water immediately after planting to help the roots establish. Water once a month during dry months. Replant any plants that have not survived after 3 months. Follow the standard of three times in the first year, twice in the second year, and once in the third year. Focus on pest and disease control to prevent the spread of tamarisk pests and diseases to the salt field production area.

[0022] In this embodiment, the tamarisk root system penetrates deep into the slope soil to form a network-like soil-stabilizing structure, which has a significant effect on slope protection and embankment stabilization. The above-ground branches grow in a linear and continuous manner to form a natural windbreak forest belt, which effectively reduces dust caused by strong winds and improves the air quality in the salt field production area. At the same time, as a salt-secreting plant, tamarisk absorbs soil salt through its own salt secretion and branch growth, gradually reducing the degree of soil salinization around the planting area. The improved soil can then be used to plant native tree species such as black pine, weeping willow, and seashore hibiscus, further enhancing the regional landscape effect and ecological value.

[0023] Example 2: Planting of Tamarix in salt field open spaces and salt marsh areas This embodiment focuses on planting tamarisk on non-productive idle land and salt marshland within salt fields. There are no salt production activities in this area. The core needs are to create a coastal tamarisk wetland landscape, construct a complex ecosystem, prevent wind erosion and sand fixation, conserve biodiversity, and simultaneously achieve ecological improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0024] Pre-planting preparation: Conduct a comprehensive on-site survey of open spaces and salt marshes, monitoring indicators including topography, soil moisture content, total soil salinity, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and surrounding hydrological conditions; Based on the survey results, divide the open spaces into planting areas according to the shape of the open spaces and the area of ​​the salt marshes, carry out simple drainage treatment for low-lying and waterlogged salt marshes, and complete landscape planning and project approval after leveling the land. During the planning, wetland water system channels are reserved to preserve the original hydrological characteristics of the salt marshes.

[0025] Tree species selection: The core planting species are Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk. Healthy container seedlings aged 2-3 years are selected. Container seedlings have a higher survival rate and are suitable for the moist soil environment of salt marshes. There is no need to match them with arbor landscape tree species to preserve the original ecological wetland characteristics of the area.

[0026] Planting planning and layout: Based on the topography and area of ​​open spaces and salt marshes, an irregular natural layout is adopted to simulate the natural community structure of tamarisk. No fixed planting rows are set to take into account the naturalness and ornamental value of the wetland landscape. The planting area fully covers the idle open spaces and salt marshes of the salt field, maximizing the use of non-production areas to achieve ecological restoration.

[0027] Planting and Management: Planting should be carried out after autumn rainfall, with a spacing of 3 meters × 5 meters to ensure ventilation and light conditions for the tamarisk plants and promote canopy closure. After planting, water according to soil moisture content. In moist areas of salt marshes, the frequency of watering can be reduced. Water at least once in dry months. Replant any plants that have not survived after 3 months of planting. The maintenance frequency is three times in the first year, twice in the second year, and once in the third year. The focus is on weeding to prevent weeds from competing with tamarisk for nutrients.

[0028] In this embodiment, individual tamarisk trees and communities grow together, along with native wetland herbaceous plants such as reeds and cattails in the salt marshland, naturally constructing a tamarisk-reed and tamarisk-cattail composite ecosystem. This achieves ecological functions such as windbreak and sand fixation, dust reduction, and prevention of soil erosion. At the same time, the composite ecosystem provides a habitat for birds and small aquatic organisms, effectively enhancing biodiversity in the salt field area and creating a unique northern coastal tamarisk wetland landscape. After the tamarisk community closes, it can quickly reduce the soil salinity, achieving biological improvement of saline-alkali land in salt marshes and idle open spaces.

[0029] Example 3: Planting of Tamarix in the Saltworks Factory and Office / Living Support Areas This embodiment involves planting tamarisk trees in the surrounding areas of the saltworks, including the factory buildings, office areas, and employee living areas. These areas are supporting areas for saltworks production and daily life, with the core needs being to beautify the environment, purify the air, and reduce dust and noise. At the same time, they integrate recreational, environmental protection, and safety functions, thereby enhancing the biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity of the area.

[0030] Pre-planting preparations: Conduct on-site surveys of the factory area, office area, and living area, focusing on monitoring environmentally sensitive targets, soil total salt content, ventilation and lighting conditions around buildings, and the range of personnel activities; Based on the survey results, select the protective belt around the factory, green space in the office area, and leisure area in the living area as planting areas, carry out meticulous land leveling in the planting areas, improve the planting soil, and complete the planning and design that integrates functions and landscape, as well as project approval.

[0031] Tree species selection: The core planting species are Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk. Healthy seedlings with an age of 2-3 years are selected to enhance the landscape's ornamental value. They are paired with native and landscape tree species such as weeping willow and black pine, as well as herbaceous vegetation such as liriope, iris, and sea buckthorn, to form a multi-layered vegetation structure of trees, shrubs, and grasses, thereby enhancing biodiversity.

[0032] Planting planning and layout: The planting area is laid out in a combination of points, lines and surfaces. The area around the factory is laid out in a strip to form a protective belt around the factory boundary. The office area and living area are laid out in a cluster and scattered manner, combined with leisure walkways and squares to create landscape nodes. The layout strictly follows the requirements for building ventilation and lighting and the safe distance for personnel activities, while taking into account the rationality of landscape aesthetics and functional use.

[0033] Planting and Management: Planting can be done in spring or autumn. The basic spacing between tamarisk plants should be 2.5-3.0 meters. When planting with other trees such as weeping willow and black pine, maintain a reasonable distance to avoid overcrowding. After planting, provide meticulous management. Water promptly during dry months and replant any plants that have not survived after 3 months. The tending frequency is three times in the first year, twice in the second year, and once in the third year. At the same time, prune the tamarisk and other trees appropriately to maintain the landscape shape. The pruned tamarisk branches can be collected and reused to remove soil salts and achieve resource recycling.

[0034] In this embodiment, tamarisk grows in combination with various green tree species and herbaceous vegetation, effectively enhancing the biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity of the saltworks supporting area and beautifying the production and living environment. Tamarisk has the functions of absorbing pollutants, adsorbing dust, and reducing dust and noise, which can effectively purify the air environment around the factory and improve the air quality in office and living areas. At the same time, the vegetation community can provide shade and cooling, improving the production and living experience of saltworks staff and achieving a high degree of integration of function and health, leisure and environmental protection, and safety and landscape.

[0035] Common technical effects of various embodiments of the present invention: All embodiments of this invention utilize a unified core technical process to achieve the scientific planting of tamarisk in different areas of salt fields. By constructing a salt field-tamarisk composite ecosystem, the following technical effects can be achieved: As a pioneer tree species for saline-alkali land management, tamarisk has the ability to effectively remove soil salt due to its salt-secreting properties. Experiments have shown that after the tamarisk community closure, the soil salt content of severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of 1.45% can be reduced to 0.33%, realizing the biological improvement of saline-alkali soil in salt fields and providing technical support for the high-quality utilization of saline-alkali land after the closure of salt fields. The windbreak, sand fixation, bank protection, and air purification functions of tamarisk can effectively restore the coastal ecosystem of salt fields, improve the ecological environment quality of salt fields, maintain biodiversity, and reduce environmental pollution caused by the salt industry and salt chemical industry. The planting of tamarisk does not occupy the core production area of ​​salt fields, and can play a role in preventing wind and dust, protecting slopes and stabilizing embankments. It can effectively maintain the normal production activities of the salt industry, extend the service life of salt fields, and promote the green and sustainable development of the salt industry. By combining the tamarisk landscapes created in different areas of Yantian, we can integrate them with the natural colorful landscape of Yantian and develop distinctive industries such as coastal salt field study tours and sightseeing tourism. At the same time, tamarisk can be used as a production resource for traditional Chinese medicine and specialty food ingredients, promoting the integrated development of the salt industry with traditional Chinese medicine, cultural tourism, and specialty agriculture, and realizing the transformation of ecological value into economic value.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for salt field landscape design based on tamarisk planting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Pre-planting preparation: Conduct on-site investigation and monitoring of salt fields, including topography, surface cover, environmentally sensitive targets, soil moisture content, soil bulk density, total soil salt content, soil pH, total nitrogen and total phosphorus; Based on the results of on-site investigation and monitoring, complete the selection of planting areas, land leveling, landscape planning and design and project approval in sequence. S2: Tree species selection: Select native tamarisk species that are suitable for the natural ecological environment of the coastal zone, and pair them with native tree species or landscape tree species; the native tamarisk species should be healthy plants with an age of 2-3 years. S3: Planting planning and layout: Based on the natural geographical conditions of the salt field, the tamarisk planting area will be set up in the open space of the salt field, salt marshland, both sides of the road, both sides of the drainage ditch, salt pond embankment, factory boundary protection zone and work and living support area. The layout of the planting area takes into account the functions of landscape, leisure and greening and will not affect the normal production of salt industry. S4: Planting and Management: Tamarisk should be planted in spring or autumn, with a spacing of 2.5-3.0 meters between plants. Scientific management should be carried out after planting. Watering should be done at least once during dry months. Replanting should be done 3 months after planting. The tending frequency for the first 3 years after planting should be no less than three times in the first year, no less than twice in the second year, and no less than once in the third year.

2. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The native species of tamarisk mentioned in step S2 is one or more of Chinese tamarisk, Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk, and Chinese tamarisk; the native tree species or landscape tree species is one or more of weeping willow and black pine.

3. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, When planting along the banks of salt ponds, the slopes of drainage ditches, and along salt field roads, the main tree species planted are Gansu-Mongolia tamarisk and Chinese tamarisk. The planting spacing is adjusted to 3-5 meters, and the tamarisk roots protect the slopes and the above-ground branches form windbreaks.

4. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, When planting in open areas of salt fields and salt marshes, tamarisk should be planted at a spacing of 3 meters × 5 meters. Combined with the topography and area of ​​the open areas or salt marshes, a tamarisk-reed or tamarisk-cattail composite ecosystem can be constructed.

5. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to claim 1, characterized in that, When planting in the saltworks factory and office areas, tamarisk is planted in combination with a variety of green space tree species. The design requirements of function and health, leisure and environmental protection and safety are integrated into the landscape layout to enhance the biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity of the area.

6. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The tamarisk is a salt-secreting plant. By harvesting the tamarisk branches and twigs, salt in the soil is removed, thus achieving biological improvement of salinized salt fields.

7. The salt field landscape design method based on tamarisk planting according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The proposed salt field landscape design method constructs a salt field-tamarisk composite ecosystem, which is applied to ecological protection during the salt field production period, ecological improvement of saline-alkali land after the salt field is closed, and ecological restoration of coastal wetlands.

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