Compact external heat pyrolysis gasification device

Abstract

This invention provides a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device, relating to the field of pyrolysis gasification technology. It includes a furnace body, a combustion furnace, a separator, and a flue gas pipeline. The furnace body forms an internal containment space, and the combustion furnace is installed on the side wall of the furnace body, suitable for outputting dust-laden flue gas. The separator is installed on the rear wall of the furnace body and is configured to use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from the dust-laden flue gas to obtain working flue gas. The flue gas pipeline is arranged within the containment space and communicates with the separator, suitable for guiding the working flue gas to rise from the bottom of the furnace body while reciprocating between the rear and front walls of the furnace body to heat the raw materials flowing downwards within the containment space, causing the raw materials to undergo pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions. This shortens the hot flue gas flow path, reducing heat loss, improving heat utilization efficiency, saving material consumption, reducing investment, and also reducing the floor space required.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pyrolysis gasification, and more particularly to a compact external heating pyrolysis gasification device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Coal pyrolysis is a process in which coal is heated to medium-high temperature (usually 500-900℃) in an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment, causing its physical structure and chemical composition to change. This process mainly produces solid semi-coke or coke, liquid tar, and gas rich in hydrogen, methane, and other components. Pyrolysis technology is based on the stepwise decomposition characteristics of organic matter in coal at different temperatures: low-temperature stage mainly removes moisture and adsorbed gas, medium-temperature stage generates tar through depolymerization and cracking reactions, and high-temperature stage promotes polycondensation reactions to form stable coke structure. As a basic step in coal grading conversion, pyrolysis technology provides an important way for coking, semi-coke production, and coal-based chemical extraction.

[0003] Coal gasification is a process in which coal reacts with a gasifying agent, such as air, oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide, under high temperature (usually above 900℃) and pressurized conditions, ultimately converting into synthesis gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This technology is based on the gas-solid heterogeneous reaction mechanism, including coal drying and pyrolysis, semi-coke gasification, and secondary reactions between gas phases. Coal gasification processes can be realized in different operating modes according to the type of gasifier (such as fixed bed, fluidized bed, and entrained flow bed) and gasifying agent combination, among which oxygen-steam gasification can produce low-nitrogen synthesis gas suitable for chemical synthesis, while air gasification focuses more on fuel gas production. In the gasification process, high-temperature environment is beneficial to increasing carbon conversion rate and promoting the cracking of tar and heavy hydrocarbons, while pressurized operation can enhance reaction rate and increase synthesis gas output density. Coal gasification technology is the core platform for coal-based power generation, hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and liquid fuel production, laying a key technical foundation for efficient and clean utilization of coal resources.

[0004] In related technologies, part of the raw coal needs to be burned to provide heat for the coal thermal conversion process, ensuring the continuous progress of the coal pyrolysis gasification reaction. Current coal pyrolysis gasification technology is mainly internal heating, and the flue gas produced by coal combustion is mixed with the synthesis gas produced by pyrolysis gasification, significantly reducing the calorific value and purity of the synthesis gas, and complicating the reuse of the synthesis gas. Traditional external heating coal pyrolysis gasification devices need to be equipped with a separate combustion furnace for heating, and when burning low-grade solid fuel, a gas-solid separation device also needs to be configured to ensure that relatively clean flue gas enters the pyrolysis gasification device. This results in a relatively large space occupied by the entire system, and the heat exchange efficiency of the flue gas and the raw material is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an external heating pyrolysis gasification device to solve at least some of the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device, which reduces the space occupied by the entire device and the heat loss during flue gas flow by integrating the combustion furnace and separator into the furnace body arrangement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus, comprising a furnace body with an internal containment space; a combustion furnace installed on the side wall of the furnace body for outputting dust-laden flue gas; a separator installed on the rear wall of the furnace body, configured to separate particulate matter in the dust-laden flue gas using centrifugal force to obtain working flue gas; and a flue gas pipeline arranged within the containment space and connected to the separator, adapted to guide the working flue gas to rise from the bottom of the furnace body while reciprocating between the rear and front walls of the furnace body to heat the raw materials flowing downward within the containment space, causing the raw materials to undergo pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas pipeline includes multiple sets of flue gas pipes spaced apart along the height direction of the furnace body, each set of flue gas pipes extending along the width direction of the furnace body and connected end to end in sequence.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flue gas pipeline further includes: a first connecting pipe, installed on the front wall of the furnace body, and connected to the separator through a first set of flue gas pipes in a plurality of sets of flue gas pipes; a second connecting pipe, installed on the rear wall of the furnace body, and connected to the first connecting pipe through a second set of flue gas pipes; and a third connecting pipe, installed on the front wall of the furnace body, and connected to the second connecting pipe through a third set of flue gas pipes, wherein the third connecting pipe has a flue gas outlet to allow working flue gas to be discharged.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each group of the above-mentioned flue gas ducts includes multiple sub-ducts that are simultaneously spaced apart along the length and height directions of the furnace body.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the number of sub-pipes in the first group of flue gas ducts is greater than the number of sub-pipes in the second group of flue gas ducts and the third group of flue gas ducts.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust port is formed on the top of the furnace body, which is suitable for discharging the target gas generated by the reaction of raw materials.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port for discharging waste material after the raw material reaction and an air inlet for the gasifying agent to enter the aforementioned containment space.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a gas distribution plate is further included, which is obliquely installed in the aforementioned receiving space and defines a gas chamber communicating with the aforementioned air inlet with the bottom wall and side wall of the aforementioned furnace body. The gas distribution plate is configured to allow the gasifying agent in the aforementioned gas chamber to pass through into the aforementioned receiving space and to prevent waste from entering the aforementioned gas chamber.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the invention, it further includes an air supply assembly configured to blow loosening air toward the discharge port to prevent waste from accumulating at the discharge port.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned combustion furnace includes a combustion chamber and a solid-liquid-gas multifunctional burner.

[0016] The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device provided by this invention has a combustion furnace 2 mounted on the side wall of the furnace body 1, where fuel is burned to produce dust-laden flue gas. A separator 3 is located at the lower part of the rear wall of the furnace body. After the dust-laden flue gas enters the separator, under the action of centrifugal force, dust and other particles are thrown towards the inner wall and fall out. The dust-removed flue gas forms an upward swirling airflow, which is discharged as working flue gas. Raw materials enter the receiving space through the feed inlet at the top of the furnace body and flow downwards. The flue gas pipeline 4 is arranged within and isolated from the receiving space. During the flow, the raw materials come into contact with the flue gas pipeline and exchange heat with the working flue gas in the flue gas pipeline to achieve pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions. By compactly arranging the furnace body, combustion furnace, and separator, the overall footprint of the device is significantly reduced. At the same time, the process of dust-laden flue gas from the combustion furnace through separation to entering the flue gas pipeline is shortened, reducing heat loss caused by thermal radiation and convection, which is beneficial to saving fuel consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a side view of the compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the accompanying drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0020] 1. Furnace body;

[0021] 11. Exhaust port;

[0022] 12. Discharge port;

[0023] 13. Air intake;

[0024] 14. Feed inlet;

[0025] 2. Combustion furnace;

[0026] 3. Separator;

[0027] 4. Flue gas ductwork;

[0028] 41. First connecting tube;

[0029] 42. Second connecting pipe;

[0030] 43. The third connecting pipe;

[0031] 431. Flue gas outlet;

[0032] 44. The first set of flue gas ducts;

[0033] 45. Second set of flue gas ducts;

[0034] 46. ​​The third set of flue gas ducts;

[0035] 47. Sub-pipe;

[0036] 5. Air distribution plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0038] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0039] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0040] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0041] Figure 1This is a side view of the compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention provide a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a side view of a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification unit. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus includes a furnace body 1, a combustion furnace 2, a separator 3, and a flue gas pipeline 4. The furnace body 1 forms an internal containment space. The combustion furnace 2 is installed on the side wall of the furnace body 1 and is suitable for outputting dust-laden flue gas. The separator 3 is installed on the rear wall of the furnace body 1 and is configured to use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter from the dust-laden flue gas to obtain working flue gas. The flue gas pipeline 4 is arranged within the containment space and communicates with the separator 3. It is suitable for guiding the working flue gas upward from the bottom of the furnace body 1 while simultaneously flowing back and forth between the rear and front walls of the furnace body 1 to heat the raw materials flowing downward within the containment space, causing the raw materials to undergo pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions.

[0043] In this embodiment, the furnace body 1 is located at the center of the entire compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device. A combustion furnace 2 is installed on the side wall of the furnace body 1, where fuel is burned to produce dusty flue gas. A separator 3 is installed on the lower rear wall of the furnace body 1. The lower part of the separator 3 is a cone. The dusty flue gas produced by the combustion furnace 2 enters the separator 3 and is separated under the action of centrifugal force. Dust and other particles are thrown towards the inner side wall of the separator 3 and then fall down along the inner side wall of the cone under the action of gravity and are discharged. After the flue gas flow reaches the bottom of the cone, the outer swirling airflow turns towards the center of the separator 3 as the cone contracts, forming an inner swirling airflow from bottom to top, which is discharged from the separator 3 as working flue gas. The flue gas pipeline 4 is arranged in the receiving space but is not connected to the receiving space. A feed inlet 14 is opened at the top of the furnace body 1. The raw materials enter the receiving space from the feed inlet 14 and flow downwards, exchanging heat with the working flue gas through the contact flue gas pipeline 4, thereby carrying out pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions. This integrated arrangement of furnace body 1, combustion furnace 2 and separator 3 effectively reduces the space occupied by the compact external heating pyrolysis gasification device, and shortens the distance that the dust-laden flue gas in combustion furnace 2 flows to the flue gas pipeline 4 after separation, reducing heat radiation and heat convection losses during the process and saving fuel.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification unit has multiple operating modes. In pure pyrolysis mode, the raw material is coal, and the working flue gas temperature is approximately 900-1100 degrees Celsius. In combined mode, while coal is being fed in, a gasifying agent is introduced from the bottom of the furnace body 1. The upper half of the furnace body 1 is the pyrolysis section, and the lower half is the gasification section. The coking coal generated by pyrolysis slowly moves into the gasification section under gravity and undergoes a gasification reaction in a counter-current contact with the gasifying agent under the high-temperature environment provided by the working flue gas. In pure gasification mode, the raw material is coke, and a gasifying agent is introduced simultaneously.

[0045] In some alternative embodiments, two sets of combustion furnaces 2 are arranged and installed on the two side walls of the furnace body 1, respectively. More specifically, the furnace body 1 and the combustion furnace 2 share the same side walls.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments, the separator 3 includes, but is not limited to, a tangential inlet cyclone separator or a volute inlet cyclone separator.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the flue gas duct 4 includes multiple sets of flue gas ducts spaced apart along the height direction of the furnace body 1, each set of flue gas ducts extending along the width direction of the furnace body 1 and connected end to end in sequence.

[0048] In this implementation, the flue gas duct extends along the width of the furnace body 1 and is connected at intervals along the height direction to form an approximately S-shaped flow path, so that the working flue gas can flow back and forth between the front and rear walls of the furnace body 1 while rising from the bottom to exchange heat with the raw materials.

[0049] Multiple sets of flue gas ducts are arranged in a layered, spaced pattern along the height of the furnace body. Combined with the width-extending coverage of each set of ducts, this creates a uniform heat exchange zone within the furnace body 1. This effectively avoids the problem of localized excessively high or low temperatures caused by heat exchange in a single duct, ensuring a stable and uniform heat supply to the raw materials throughout their descent. This enhances the sufficiency and stability of pyrolysis and gasification reactions, and reduces the residue of unreacted raw materials. The sequential, interconnected structure of each set of flue gas ducts extends the flow path of the working flue gas within the flue gas duct 4, increases the heat exchange time between the working flue gas and the raw materials, improves the utilization rate of flue gas thermal energy, reduces fuel consumption per unit of raw material processed, and further enhances the energy-saving effect of the device. In addition, this segmented and modular flue gas pipeline structure makes it easy to flexibly adjust the number of flue gas pipeline groups, the length of a single pipeline group, and the diameter of the pipeline according to the specifications and dimensions of the furnace body 1, so as to meet the needs of different processing scales. At the same time, it also reduces the difficulty of pipeline processing, installation and subsequent maintenance. When a section of the pipeline is damaged, it can be replaced specifically without replacing the entire flue gas pipeline, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0050] In some alternative embodiments, the furnace body 1, the combustion furnace 2, and the flue gas pipeline 4 are made of high alloy steel (with alloying elements exceeding 10%) to enhance airtightness and heat transfer efficiency.

[0051] In some alternative embodiments, a layer of wear-resistant castable, such as high-alumina wear-resistant castable or silicon carbide wear-resistant castable, is applied to the inner walls of the combustion furnace 2 and the separator 3 to reduce wear on the wall surfaces.

[0052] According to embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the flue gas pipeline 4 includes a first connecting pipe 41, a second connecting pipe 42, and a third connecting pipe 43. The first connecting pipe 41 is installed on the front wall of the furnace body 1 and is connected to the separator 3 through the first set of flue gas pipelines 44. The second connecting pipe 42 is installed on the rear wall of the furnace body 1 and is connected to the first connecting pipe 41 through the second set of flue gas pipelines 45. The third connecting pipe 43 is installed on the front wall of the furnace body 1 and is connected to the second connecting pipe 42 through the third set of flue gas pipelines 46. The third connecting pipe 43 forms a flue gas outlet 431 to allow working flue gas to be discharged.

[0053] In this implementation, the cooperation of the first connecting pipe 41, the second connecting pipe 42, and the third connecting pipe 43 with three sets of flue gas pipes creates a reciprocating "front wall-rear wall-front wall" flow path for the working flue gas between the front and rear walls of the furnace body 1. The first connecting pipe 41, the second connecting pipe 42, and the third connecting pipe 43 serve as flue gas convergence and deflection components. Their sealed connection design with each set of flue gas pipes effectively reduces flue gas leakage and ensures the airtightness of the flue gas flow. Simultaneously, the structure of each connecting pipe extending along the height of the furnace body allows for a more uniform pressure distribution during flue gas flow, avoiding flue gas flow turbulence caused by sudden local pressure changes and improving the operational stability of the flue gas pipeline. Furthermore, it further reduces installation difficulty; each connecting pipe can be fixed to the furnace wall first, and then the flue gas pipes can be connected one by one. During later maintenance, if a set of flue gas pipes or a section of connecting pipe is damaged, it can be disassembled and replaced specifically without disassembling the entire flue gas pipeline, reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

[0054] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, each group of flue gas ducts includes multiple sub-ducts 47 that are simultaneously arranged at intervals along the length and height of the furnace body 1.

[0055] In this implementation, each set of flue gas ducts adopts a structure in which multiple sub-ducts 47 are arranged at intervals along the length and height of the furnace body. This makes each set of flue gas ducts form a heat exchange grid that uniformly covers the cross-section of the furnace body. On the one hand, this greatly increases the heat exchange contact area between the flue gas ducts and the raw materials. On the other hand, it ensures that the raw materials can fully contact the sub-ducts 47 regardless of their position in the furnace body during the fall. This completely solves the problem of insufficient local heat exchange caused by a single or sparse pipeline, further improves the uniformity of heating of the raw materials, makes the pyrolysis and / or gasification reaction more thorough, and effectively improves the product conversion rate.

[0056] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the number of sub-pipes 47 in the first group of flue gas ducts 44 is greater than the number of sub-pipes 47 in the second group of flue gas ducts 45 and the third group of flue gas ducts 46.

[0057] In this implementation, since the first set of flue gas ducts 44 directly receives the high-temperature flue gas from the separator 3, more sub-ducts 47 are configured to increase the flow area of ​​the high-temperature working flue gas in the first set of flue gas ducts 44. This makes the flow velocity of the high-temperature working flue gas relatively stable and consistent as much as possible when it flows through the first set of flue gas ducts 44, the second set of flue gas ducts 45, and the third set of flue gas ducts 46.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments, the number of sub-pipes 47 arranged along the length of the furnace body 1 is the same in all three sets of flue gas ducts, and the spacing and diameter are also the same, to avoid affecting the falling of raw materials. In the height direction of the furnace body 1, the first set of flue gas ducts 44 has the most sub-pipes 47, and the third set of flue gas ducts 46 has fewer than or equal to the number of sub-pipes 47 in the second set of flue gas ducts 45.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, an exhaust port 11 is formed on the top of the furnace body 1, which is suitable for the discharge of the target gas generated by the reaction of raw materials.

[0060] In this implementation, the target gas generated by the reaction (such as pyrolysis gas or gasification gas) has a lower density than air, so it will flow upward in the furnace body and eventually be discharged from the furnace body through the exhaust port 11 at the top of the furnace body 1, and enter the subsequent collection or purification process. This reduces the residence time of the target gas in the furnace body, avoids secondary reactions caused by prolonged residence, and ensures the quality of the target gas. In addition, the exhaust port 11 is independent of the flue gas pipeline exhaust channel, which can prevent the working flue gas from mixing with the target gas and ensure the purity of the target gas.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the furnace body 1 has a discharge port 12 for discharging waste material after the raw material reaction and an air inlet 13 for the gasifying agent to enter the containment space.

[0062] In this implementation, during the operation of the device, raw materials enter the containment space from the feed inlet 14 at the top of the furnace body 1. After heat exchange with the sub-pipe 47 of the flue gas pipeline 4, they undergo pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions. The waste generated by the reaction (such as pyrolyzed coke residue and gasified ash residue) flows continuously downward under the action of gravity and eventually converges at the discharge outlet 12 at the bottom of the furnace body 1. By adjusting the opening of the discharge valve (not shown in the figure), the waste can be discharged from the furnace body at a uniform speed and enter the subsequent waste treatment process. When the device is in the composite mode or the pure gasification mode, the gasifying agent (such as air, steam, or a mixture of the two) is transported to each air inlet 13 through the gasifying agent supply pipeline. It enters the lower area of ​​the containment space evenly and with swirling characteristics through the inclined port of the air inlet 13, and forms a reverse contact with the downward flowing waste (pyrolyzed coking coal in the composite mode and coke in the pure gasification mode). Under the high temperature environment (900-1100℃) provided by the flue gas pipeline 4, a gasification reaction occurs to generate the target gas.

[0063] In some optional embodiments, the working flue gas after heat exchange with raw materials still maintains a high temperature. When industrial residual semi-coke powder, coke powder, and pure oxygen are used to provide heat for the reaction in the unit, the main component of the high-temperature flue gas is CO2. Recovering this CO2 as part of the gasifying agent avoids direct heat loss through exhaust, achieving secondary utilization of heat energy. Simultaneously, the high-temperature characteristics of the recovered flue gas reduce the impact on the furnace temperature after the introduction of fresh gasifying agent, lowering the fuel consumption required to maintain the furnace reaction temperature and further improving the energy-saving effect of the unit. Furthermore, it reduces the amount of flue gas ultimately emitted into the atmosphere, lowers the load on the flue gas treatment system, reduces emissions of pollutants such as dust, improves environmental performance, and meets the industry's development needs for energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the above-mentioned compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device also includes a gas distribution plate 5, which is installed at an angle in the receiving space and defines a gas chamber communicating with the gas inlet 13 with the bottom wall and side wall of the furnace body 1. The gas distribution plate 5 is configured to allow the gasifying agent in the gas chamber to pass through into the receiving space and prevent waste from entering the gas chamber.

[0065] In this method, the gas distribution plate 5 has through holes for the gasifying agent to pass through. The gas chamber can stabilize the pressure of the gasifying agent, ensure that the gasifying agent can pass through the through holes on the gas distribution plate 5 evenly, and further cool the residue around the discharge port 12, ensuring that the temperature of the discharge port 12 is controlled within the reasonable operating temperature range of the material.

[0066] In some alternative embodiments, the gas distribution plate 5 can be a conical structure made of heat-resistant steel. The bottom of the gas distribution plate 5 is the discharge port 12, which is connected to the outside and serves as a discharge channel for the gasified residue.

[0067] In some optional embodiments, the gas distribution plate 5 has uniformly distributed through holes. The gas distribution plate 5 is used to support the residue and regulate the distribution of the gasifying agent, so that the gasifying agent entering the containment space is evenly distributed.

[0068] In some alternative embodiments, the angle between the gas distribution plate 5 and the horizontal plane can be between 45 and 70 degrees (e.g., 45, 60 or 70 degrees) to promote the flow of residue to the discharge port 12 and improve the distribution of the gasifying agent in the containment space.

[0069] In this embodiment, the gasifying agent passing through the gas distribution plate 5 exchanges heat with the residue remaining after the gasification reaction of the gasification raw material in a counter-current contact. The temperature of the residue decreases, and the temperature of the gasifying agent is preheated to the gasification reaction temperature.

[0070] In one exemplary embodiment, the above-described compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus further includes an air supply assembly configured to blow loosening air toward the discharge port 12 to prevent waste from accumulating at the discharge port 12.

[0071] In this implementation, the high-speed jet of loosening air directly impacts the waste adhering to the wall of the discharge hopper, disrupting its accumulation structure. Simultaneously, it reduces the friction between waste particles and the adhesion between the waste and the wall, preventing blockages caused by prolonged retention and compaction. This ensures a continuous and smooth flow of waste into the discharge channel, solving the problem of equipment shutdowns caused by waste accumulation at traditional discharge ports. Unloosened accumulated waste exerts significant pressure on the discharge valve, increasing the load on the valve's drive motor and potentially leading to valve wear and jamming over time. The loosening effect of the air supply component keeps the waste in a loose state, reducing pressure on the discharge valve, lowering the motor load, and reducing wear on the valve's sealing surface, extending the valve's lifespan and reducing equipment maintenance costs.

[0072] In addition, the characteristics of waste generated from different raw materials vary greatly (e.g., pyrolysis coke residue has high hardness, while gasification ash residue has poor fluidity). The air supply component can adjust the pressure and volume of the loosening air to meet the loosening requirements of different types of waste, avoid accumulation problems caused by changes in waste characteristics, and further improve the device's adaptability to different raw materials.

[0073] In one exemplary embodiment, the combustion furnace 2 includes a combustion chamber and a solid-liquid-gas multifunctional burner.

[0074] In this implementation, the integrated design of the solid-liquid-gas multi-functional burner allows the combustion furnace 2 to flexibly select single solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels or multiple mixed fuels, such as inexpensive low-rank pulverized coal and industrial waste gas from the industrial park. It can adapt to different fuel supply scenarios without changing the burner, overcoming the limitation of traditional combustion furnaces that only offer one type of fuel. For example, when solid fuel supply is sufficient, pulverized coal or biomass pellets can be selected to reduce operating costs; when combustion efficiency and environmental protection requirements are high, gaseous fuels such as natural gas can be selected to reduce pollutant emissions, significantly improving the fuel adaptability flexibility of the device.

[0075] The following further explains the pyrolysis gasification process: After screening, the raw coal with a particle size of 2~30mm enters the furnace body 1 through the feed inlet 14 at the top of the furnace body 1. The raw coal moves slowly downwards under the action of gravity. The fuel and air are mixed in the solid-liquid-gas multi-functional burner and then sent to the combustion chamber for combustion, producing dust-laden flue gas at about 1100℃. The dust-laden flue gas passes through the separator 3 to remove particulate matter, the flue gas pipeline 4 to heat the raw coal, and then is discharged from the flue gas outlet 431.

[0076] In the upper pyrolysis section of furnace body 1, the raw coal undergoes a pyrolysis reaction at a temperature of 900~1100℃. The heat required for the pyrolysis process is provided by the working flue gas through indirect heat transfer. The pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis is discharged from exhaust port 11. The pyrolysis gas can be directly fed into combustion furnace 2 at high temperature online, or supplied to various industrial kilns and furnaces outside the boundary for combustion energy. It can also be used to extract methane and hydrogen products through cryogenic and adsorption methods.

[0077] After pyrolysis, the coke undergoes a gasification reaction at a temperature of 900-1100℃ in the gasification section. This reaction occurs in the opposite direction to CO2, which flows upwards through the air inlet 13 into the air distribution plate 5. The heat required for gasification is provided by the working flue gas through indirect heat transfer. As the CO2 flows upwards, its concentration gradually decreases while the CO concentration gradually increases until the CO2 is completely reacted and discharged from the exhaust port 11. The powdery ash residue from the gasified coke concentrates at the bottom of the furnace body 1 and is discharged through the discharge port 12 after exchanging heat with the CO2 introduced through the air distribution plate 5.

[0078] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0079] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification device, characterized in that, include: The furnace body has an internal storage space. A combustion furnace, installed on the side wall of the furnace body, is suitable for outputting dust-laden flue gas; A separator, installed on the rear wall of the furnace body, is configured to use centrifugal force to separate particulate matter in dust-laden flue gas to obtain working flue gas. A flue gas duct, arranged within the containment space and connected to the separator, is adapted to guide the working flue gas to rise from the bottom of the furnace body while flowing back and forth between the rear and front walls of the furnace body, so as to heat the raw materials flowing downward within the containment space, causing the raw materials to undergo pyrolysis and / or gasification reactions.

2. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flue gas pipeline includes multiple sets of flue gas pipes spaced apart along the height of the furnace body, and each set of flue gas pipes extends along the width of the furnace body and is connected end to end in sequence.

3. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flue gas pipeline also includes: The first connecting pipe is installed on the front wall of the furnace body and is connected to the separator through the first set of flue gas pipes among the multiple sets of flue gas pipes; The second connecting pipe is installed on the rear wall of the furnace body and is connected to the first connecting pipe through the second set of flue gas pipes; The third connecting pipe is installed on the front wall of the furnace body and is connected to the second connecting pipe through the third set of flue gas pipes. The third connecting pipe has a flue gas outlet to allow working flue gas to be discharged.

4. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each set of flue gas ducts includes multiple sub-ducts that are spaced apart along both the length and height of the furnace body.

5. The compact externally heated coal pyrolysis gasification device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of sub-pipes in the first group of flue gas ducts is greater than the number of sub-pipes in the second group of flue gas ducts and the third group of flue gas ducts.

6. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the furnace body has an exhaust port, which is suitable for the discharge of the target gas generated by the reaction of raw materials.

7. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The bottom of the furnace body has an outlet for discharging waste material after the raw material reaction and an inlet for the gasifying agent to enter the containment space.

8. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an air distribution plate, which is installed at an angle in the containment space and defines an air chamber communicating with the air inlet with the bottom wall and side wall of the furnace body. The air distribution plate is configured to allow the gasifying agent in the air chamber to pass through into the containment space and to prevent waste from entering the air chamber.

9. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes an air supply assembly configured to blow loosening air toward the discharge port to prevent waste from accumulating at the discharge port.

10. The compact externally heated pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The combustion furnace includes a combustion chamber and a multi-functional solid-liquid-gas burner.

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