基于状态调制注意力机制的区域空气质量时空预测方法及系统

By introducing discrete physical state embedding and state modulation spatial attention mechanisms, the problem of insufficient physical mechanism perception in existing air quality prediction technologies is solved, achieving high-precision prediction of extreme pollution processes and accurate simulation of dynamic spatial transmission, thus improving the robustness and applicability of the model.

CN122133113BActive Publication Date: 2026-07-17HANGZHOU PONY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
HANGZHOU PONY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Filing Date
2026-05-06
Publication Date
2026-07-17

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing air quality forecasting technologies lack physical mechanism perception and cannot accurately simulate dynamic spatial transport characteristics, resulting in insufficient ability to capture extreme pollution processes. Furthermore, the static map structure cannot adapt to the dynamic directionality and state dependence of atmospheric pollution transport, affecting the accuracy of regional collaborative forecasting.

Method used

By introducing discrete physical state embedding and state-modulated spatial attention mechanisms, the physical state perception capability of air pollution is explicitly injected into the deep learning model. The spatial influence weights are dynamically adjusted through the state-modulated spatial attention module to achieve collaborative prediction of pollutant concentrations.

Benefits of technology

It significantly improves the ability to capture extreme pollution processes, enhances the accuracy of regional collaborative prediction, reduces computational resource consumption, adapts to different regions and pollution scenarios, and strengthens the robustness and real-time performance of the model.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于状态调制注意力机制的区域空气质量时空预测方法及系统,属于大气环境监测与人工智能预测技术领域。针对大气污染过程具有显著物理状态切换及空间传输动态变化的特点,本发明构建了混合神经网络架构。方法包括:构建时空数据集;将历史数据映射为离散物理状态并生成状态嵌入向量;利用时间编码器提取特征并将末态向量注入解码器初始化;在解码过程中利用状态调制空间注意力机制,根据源站点的物理状态动态调整其对周边站点的空间影响权重;最后同时输出浓度预测值与状态概率。本发明还结合了知识蒸馏与物理趋势约束的联合训练策略,显著提升了对重污染天气起止时间及极值浓度的预测精度,增强了物理可解释性。
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