Waveguide coupled filter structures and electrical devices

Abstract

This application relates to a waveguide-coupled filter structure and an electrical device. The waveguide-coupled filter structure includes an input waveguide for receiving electromagnetic wave signals, a closed-loop ring waveguide, and an output waveguide for outputting electromagnetic wave signals. The ring waveguide includes at least one torsion segment connected sequentially along its circumference, the torsion segment being twisted about an axis extending radially around itself by a positive integer multiple of 180°. A resonant channel extending circumferentially is provided within the ring waveguide, and the ring waveguide is coupled to the input waveguide to allow electromagnetic wave signals to enter the resonant channel. The ring waveguide is also coupled to the output waveguide to allow electromagnetic wave signals within the resonant channel to enter the output waveguide. This waveguide-coupled filter structure has multiple functions, including coupling the input and output waveguides at arbitrary angular positions in three-dimensional space, signal filtering, and polarization rotation, significantly improving the integration density of systems incorporating this waveguide-coupled filter structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microwave and millimeter-wave technology, and in particular to a waveguide-coupled filter structure and electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] In radar, satellite communication, and high-density RF integrated systems, rectangular waveguides and their derived resonant channel structures, with their low loss and high power capacity, constitute the core link for signal transmission and frequency selection. A standard rectangular waveguide resonant channel filter and its cascaded network typically contain one or more resonant channels (such as rectangular cavities, cylindrical cavities, or standard ring cavities) closed along a specific path, connected to external circuits via input and output waveguide ports. Both the input and output waveguides are straight waveguides, and their layout follows strict geometric rules: they are typically confined to the same physical plane (coplanar), and the angle between the axes of the input and output waveguides is usually fixed at 0° (straight-line transmission) or 90° (right-angle turn). To achieve energy exchange, the straight waveguides and resonant channels establish an electromagnetic connection through coupling holes or irises on a common wall, and their field distribution and polarization directions maintain a strictly orthogonal or parallel relationship during transmission.

[0003] However, in highly integrated, three-dimensional heterogeneous microwave systems, existing rectangular waveguide coupling filtering techniques have the following drawbacks in terms of spatial freedom and electromagnetic control: (1) Limited coupling angle between input and output waveguides in three-dimensional space: The input and output waveguides of existing waveguide filter structures are usually confined to a two-dimensional plane, which cannot meet the complex wiring requirements of non-coplanar and non-orthogonal structures in three-dimensional space. If a coupling link needs to be established between two waveguides at arbitrary angles (such as a spatial angle of 45° or perpendicular non-plane structures), existing technologies must force additional twisted waveguides or elbow adapters to be connected in series. This not only destroys the system compactness of the inherited waveguide filter structure and greatly increases the system size and weight, but also the impedance discontinuity introduced by the cascaded interface will exacerbate insertion loss and return loss.

[0004] (2) Waveguide resonant channels lack internal polarization rotation capability, and polarization control depends on external devices: The standard waveguide resonant channels in the existing technology only have frequency screening function, and their internal electromagnetic field polarization state remains single during transmission. When there is a polarization orthogonality requirement between the input waveguide (e.g., horizontal polarization) and the output waveguide (e.g., vertical polarization) of the system, the existing waveguide filter structure is unable to directly match it, and a polarization rotator needs to be introduced from the outside. Functional separation will lead to a long and complex power supply network link, which increases the difficulty of debugging and system error. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a waveguide-coupled filter structure and electrical components that enable the input waveguide and output waveguide to couple and transmit at any angle in three-dimensional space, and enable the electromagnetic wave signal to synchronously achieve polarization rotation.

[0006] A waveguide-coupled filter structure, comprising: Input waveguide, used to input electromagnetic wave signals; A ring waveguide is a hollow closed ring. The ring waveguide includes at least one torsion segment connected sequentially along its circumference. The torsion segment is twisted by θ about an axis extending in its radial direction, where θ = k × 180° and k is a positive integer. The ring waveguide has a resonant channel extending in its circumference for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and the ring waveguide is coupled to the input waveguide so that the electromagnetic wave signals can enter the resonant channel. An output waveguide is used to output electromagnetic wave signals. The output waveguide is coupled to the ring waveguide so that the electromagnetic wave signals in the resonant channel can enter the output waveguide.

[0007] In one embodiment, the axis of the output waveguide is at an angle to the axis of the input waveguide; And / or, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are not coplanar; And / or, along the radial direction of the annular waveguide, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are located on opposite sides of the annular waveguide.

[0008] In one embodiment, k is an odd number.

[0009] In one embodiment, the torsion of the torsion segment is a continuous and smooth torsion; And / or, the torsion segment includes at least two waveguide segments connected sequentially along the circumference of the annular waveguide, and the torsion of the torsion segment is a discrete torsion achieved by at least two of the waveguide segments.

[0010] In one embodiment, the annular waveguide further includes a non-twisted connecting segment, which is sequentially connected to the twisted segment along the circumference of the annular waveguide to form a closed loop; And / or, the torsion segment is provided with at least two segments, at least one segment of the torsion segment is torsion in the forward direction, and at least one segment of the torsion segment is torsion in the reverse direction.

[0011] In one embodiment, a first through-hole is provided at the connection between the annular waveguide and the input waveguide for the electromagnetic wave signal to pass through, and a second through-hole is provided at the connection between the annular waveguide and the output waveguide for the electromagnetic wave signal to pass through.

[0012] In one embodiment, the resonant channel is provided with a flexible dielectric material or a high dielectric constant ceramic material.

[0013] In one embodiment, a metal box is fitted around the outer side of the annular waveguide, and both the input waveguide and the output waveguide are located outside the metal box.

[0014] In one embodiment, the ring waveguide is provided with multiple rings, and the multiple resonant channels are interconnected. And / or, along the radial direction of the annular waveguide, the cross-sectional shape of the torsion segment is one of rectangular, ridge-shaped, elliptical, or oval.

[0015] This application also provides an electrical device including the waveguide-coupled filter structure as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the waveguide-coupled filter structure provided in this application has the following advantages: (1) By physically twisting the torsion section, that is, by continuously physically twisting its cross-section around the radial axis of the ring waveguide as it extends along the circumferential path of the ring waveguide, the ring waveguide acquires topological structural characteristics, and the interior of the ring waveguide 120 is a resonant channel with topological torsion characteristics. Due to the continuous rotational characteristics of the resonant channel's peripheral wall normal, its peripheral wall normal direction changes with position. Therefore, any angular position of the ring waveguide (such as 0°, 45°, 90°) can be directly physically connected to the input waveguide and the output waveguide. In this way, direct coupling between the input waveguide and the output waveguide at any angle in three-dimensional space (including non-coplanar, perpendicular, etc. such as 30°, 45°, etc.) is realized, so that the ports of the input waveguide and the output waveguide can be arranged at any relative angle in three-dimensional space.

[0017] (2) When electromagnetic waves propagate within a torsional resonant channel, the electric field vector rotates along with the wall of the resonant channel. By setting the torsion angle of the wall of the resonant channel, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave can be rotated along a preset angle. Therefore, this embodiment can naturally guide the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave to rotate (e.g., converting a horizontally polarized wave into a vertically polarized wave) while transmitting energy. In other words, this embodiment can simultaneously achieve filtering and polarization rotation functions through the same resonant channel.

[0018] In summary, the waveguide coupling filter structure in this embodiment has multiple functions, including coupling the input waveguide and the output waveguide at arbitrary angles in three-dimensional space, signal filtering, and polarization rotation, which significantly improves the integration density of the system containing this waveguide coupling filter structure. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing waveguide filter structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide-coupled filter structure of Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waveguide coupling filter structure in Example 1 at the central axis of the output waveguide; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the waveguide coupling filter structure in Example 1 at the central axis of the input waveguide; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide coupling filter structure of Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide coupling filter structure of Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the waveguide coupling filter structure of Embodiment 4 of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of multiple cascaded ring waveguides according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cascading of multiple ring waveguides in another manner according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure label: 10. Waveguide-coupled filter structure; 110. Input waveguide; 120. Ring waveguide; 121. Twisted section; 1201. Resonant channel; 122. Connecting section; 130. Output waveguide; 20. Existing waveguide filter structure; 210. Input terminal; 220. Ring component; 230. Output terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0023] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application's specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0024] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 The existing waveguide filter structure 20 includes an input terminal 210 for receiving electromagnetic wave signals, an output terminal 230 for outputting electromagnetic wave signals, and an internally hollow annular component 220, so that electromagnetic wave signals can be transmitted from the input terminal 210 to the output terminal 230. The angle between the input terminal 210 and the output terminal 230 is usually fixed at 0° (straight-line transmission) or 90° (right-angle turn), that is, it is restricted to be arranged in a coplanar or perpendicular manner, which limits the coupling angle between the input terminal 210 and the output terminal 230 in three-dimensional space.

[0028] Please see Figures 2 to 9This application provides a waveguide-coupled filter structure 10, including an input waveguide 110 for receiving electromagnetic wave signals, a closed-loop ring waveguide 120, and an output waveguide 130 for outputting electromagnetic wave signals. The ring waveguide 120 includes at least one twisted segment 121 connected sequentially along its circumference. The twisted segment 121 is twisted by an axis extending radially, where θ = k × 180°, and k is a positive integer. That is, the twisted segment 121 has a twist that is a positive integer multiple of 180° extending circumferentially along the ring waveguide 120. The ring waveguide 120 has a hollow cavity inside, providing a resonant channel 1201 extending circumferentially within it to transmit electromagnetic wave signals. The ring waveguide 120 is coupled to the input waveguide 110, allowing electromagnetic wave signals to enter and propagate within the resonant channel 1201. The ring waveguide 120 is also coupled to the output waveguide 130, allowing electromagnetic wave signals within the resonant channel 1201 to enter the output waveguide 130. It should be noted that the ring waveguide 120 has a hollow internal structure, and the hollow cavity portion constitutes the aforementioned resonant channel 1201.

[0029] This is illustrative and can be used as a reference. Figure 3 and Figure 4 Both the output waveguide 130 and the input waveguide 110 are rectangular metal waveguides, completely enclosed by metal walls on all four sides. The transmission process of electromagnetic wave signals in the waveguide-coupled filter structure 10 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 or Figure 4 As shown by the dashed arrow in the diagram. Specifically, after the electromagnetic wave signal entering the input waveguide 110 reaches the coupling region between the input waveguide 110 and the ring waveguide 120, only electromagnetic wave signals that meet the frequency conditions can enter the resonant channel 1201 and then enter the output waveguide 130. Electromagnetic wave signals that do not meet the frequency conditions continue to propagate along the input waveguide 110 and are output from the other end of the input waveguide 110.

[0030] It is understandable that existing waveguide filter structures 20 restrict the input and output segments to be arranged coplanarly or perpendicularly. This embodiment, however, physically twists the twisted segment 121; that is, as its cross-section extends along the circumferential path of the annular waveguide 120, its axis extending radially around the annular waveguide 120 undergoes continuous physical twisting, giving the annular waveguide 120 a topological structural characteristic, and creating a resonant channel 1201 with topological twisting characteristics inside the annular waveguide 120. Due to the continuous rotational characteristics of the resonant channel 1201's peripheral wall normal, its direction changes with position. Therefore, any angular position of the annular waveguide 120 (e.g., 0°, 45°, 90°) can be directly physically connected to the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130, such as... Figures 2 to 7As shown. In this way, direct coupling between the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 at any angle in three-dimensional space (including non-coplanar, non-coplanar, perpendicular, etc. such as 30°, 45°, etc.) is achieved, so that the ports of the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 can be arranged at any relative angle in three-dimensional space.

[0031] In other words, this embodiment achieves the coupling of the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 in three-dimensional space without the need for additional connecting components such as twisted waveguides, elbow assemblies or transition flanges. This not only reduces the size and weight of the system integrating the waveguide coupling filter structure 10, but also eliminates the additional insertion loss and reflection introduced by the discontinuity of the cascaded interface impedance, significantly improving the transmission efficiency of the RF link in the system.

[0032] It is also understandable that when electromagnetic waves propagate within the torsional resonant channel 1201, the electric field vector rotates along with the wall of the resonant channel 1201. By setting the torsion angle of the wall of the resonant channel 1201, the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave can be rotated along a preset angle. Therefore, this embodiment can naturally guide the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave to rotate (e.g., converting a horizontally polarized wave into a vertically polarized wave) while transmitting energy. That is, this embodiment can simultaneously achieve filtering and polarization rotation functions through a single resonant channel 1201. In this way, an external polarization rotator can be eliminated, the power supply network path can be shortened, and the complexity and cumulative error of system debugging can be reduced.

[0033] In summary, the waveguide coupling filter structure 10 in this embodiment has multiple functions such as coupling the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 at arbitrary angular positions in three-dimensional space, signal filtering, and polarization rotation, which significantly improves the integration density of the system containing the waveguide coupling filter structure 10.

[0034] Indicative, for reference Figure 2 and Figure 5 The ring waveguide 120 includes a twisted section 121, meaning the twisted section 121 itself forms a closed loop. (Reference) Figure 2 When k is an odd number, especially when k=1, that is, when the ring waveguide 120 is twisted 180° along its own circumference, the ring waveguide 120 flips and connects after going around its own circumference once. At this time, the structure of the ring waveguide 120 forms a Möbius strip with a single curved surface in topology.

[0035] like Figure 1In the existing waveguide filter structure 20, the waveguide resonant channel 1201 of the ring element 220 strictly follows the rule of integer multiples of half wavelength or full wavelength for its resonant modes. In broadband applications, high-order parasitic modes are easily excited near the passband, leading to a deterioration in out-of-band suppression. Therefore, existing technologies generally suppress parasitic waves by loading complex perturbation structures, resulting in a large size of devices including those integrating the existing waveguide filter structure 20.

[0036] Furthermore, the number of torsion turns k of the ring waveguide 120 is odd. In this case, the non-directionality brought about by the torsion structure of the ring waveguide 120 introduces an additional geometric phase (Berry Phase), which changes the resonance conditions (e.g., causing the resonant mode to shift or suppressing a specific mode), thereby achieving a specific bandpass or bandstop filtering function.

[0037] Specifically, when the electromagnetic wave signal travels circumferentially along the ring waveguide 120 within the resonant channel 1201 and returns to the origin, the electric field direction reverses, generating an additional π phase shift (i.e., Berry phase). The introduction of the Berry phase can correct the boundary conditions of the resonant channel 1201; the resonance formula is 2πR. eff = (n - 0.5) × λ, where R eff Let λ be the effective refractive index of the resonant channel 1201, λ be the electromagnetic wavelength, and n be a positive integer. The boundary conditions of the ring waveguide 120 topology alter the intrinsic spectrum distribution of the electromagnetic signal within the resonant channel 1201, allowing the resonant channel 1201 to resonate at integer multiples of half the wavelength. This suppresses parasitic modes near integer wavelengths, thereby improving the frequency selectivity of the waveguide-coupled filter structure 10. In other words, when k = odd, this embodiment solves the interference of neighboring parasitic modes on the passband performance. It physically disrupts the standing wave rule of integer multiples of wavelength in the existing waveguide filter structure 20, sparses the intrinsic spectrum distribution, and suppresses parasitic modes near the passband, thus achieving broadband spurious suppression performance superior to traditional structures. Furthermore, it can achieve specific bandpass or bandstop filtering functions without loading other perturbation structures, thereby reducing the size and weight of the system integrating this waveguide-coupled filter structure 10. In this case, this embodiment can be used not only as a transmission line but also as a resonator.

[0038] In other embodiments, reference is made to Figure 5The ring waveguide 120 includes a twisted segment 121, which forms a closed loop. The twisted segment 121 is even, meaning the twist angle of the ring waveguide 120 is an even multiple of 180°, such as 360° or 720°. In this case, after the ring waveguide 120 completes one circumferential revolution, its structure topologically reverts to a double-sided curved surface, but spatially maintains a helical shape. When the number of twists k in the ring waveguide 120 is even (k=2, 4, 6…), although the resonant channel 1201 twists spatially, when the electromagnetic wave signal returns to the origin after one revolution in the resonant channel 1201, the electric field vector direction coincides with the initial direction (the phase shift is an integer multiple of 2π). The resonance formula is 2πR. eff =n×λ. Thus, this embodiment enables electromagnetic wave signals to be transmitted between the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130, which are non-coplanar and arranged at arbitrary angles, by means of the spatial degree of freedom brought about by torsion, while maintaining the electromagnetic filtering characteristics.

[0039] In one embodiment, reference Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The torsion of the torsion segment 121 is a continuous and smooth torsion. That is, the torsion within the resonant channel 1201 is uniformly and thermally distributed along the circumference of the ring waveguide 120, rather than abruptly, avoiding the discontinuity of electric / magnetic fields that may be caused by segmented torsion. In this way, not only can the scattering loss and impedance mismatch of surface current be reduced, but the torsion of the resonant channel 1201 can also solve the problem that the polarization direction of electromagnetic wave signals cannot be automatically adjusted during transmission through the thermal guidance mechanism of the polarization vector of electromagnetic wave signals.

[0040] It should be explained that in electromagnetics, "thermal insulation" specifically refers to the process of energy being transferred slowly and uniformly within a system (corresponding to the resonant channel 1201 in this embodiment), avoiding mode coupling or energy dissipation caused by abrupt changes.

[0041] In another embodiment, the torsion segment 121 comprises at least two waveguide segments sequentially connected along the circumference of the annular waveguide 120. The torsion of the torsion segment 121 is a discrete torsion achieved through at least two waveguide segments. That is, the cross-section of the torsion segment 121 rotates segmentally along a closed path along the circumference of the annular waveguide 120, and the rotation angle of each segment can be adjusted independently. Therefore, this embodiment can independently manufacture each waveguide segment. Different waveguide segments can be made from different materials (e.g., ceramic waveguide segments combined with metal waveguide segments), thus optimizing the local performance of the annular waveguide 120 (e.g., heat dissipation, dielectric constant modulation, etc.). Furthermore, segmented torsion can artificially create abrupt changes in electromagnetic field distribution, stimulating selective coupling of specific modes. Narrow-slit coupling can be designed at the connection between two waveguide segments, or length differences can be created between different waveguide segments along the circumference of the annular waveguide 120, allowing electromagnetic wave signals of specific polarization or modes to pass through the annular waveguide 120, achieving multi-band filtering.

[0042] Furthermore, the twisting direction of each waveguide segment can be the same, that is, all are twisted in the positive direction or all are twisted in the negative direction; or they can be opposite, that is, at least one waveguide segment is twisted in the positive direction and at least one waveguide segment is twisted in the negative direction, thereby improving the design flexibility and universality of the waveguide coupled filter structure 10.

[0043] It should be noted that "forward twist" and "reverse twist" refer to twisting about the axis at its own location. For example, when forward twist is a clockwise twist about the axis, then reverse twist is a counterclockwise twist about the axis.

[0044] In one embodiment, reference Figure 6 The ring waveguide 120 also includes a non-twisted connecting segment 122, which is connected to the twisted segment 121 in sequence along the circumference of the ring waveguide 120 to form a closed ring. Since the non-twisted connecting segment 122 has a uniform cross-section, it can provide a smooth transition region for electromagnetic field signals, reduce the gradient change of field distribution, and thus suppress ohmic loss and reflection.

[0045] Indicative, such as Figure 6 As shown, the length of the torsion section 121 along the circumference of the ring waveguide 120 is 30% of the total circumference of the ring waveguide 120, and the length of the connecting section 122 along the circumference of the ring waveguide 120 is 70% of the total circumference of the ring waveguide 120.

[0046] In one embodiment, reference Figure 7The twisting segment 121 is provided with at least two segments, at least one twisting segment 121 is twisted in the forward direction and at least one twisting segment 121 is twisted in the reverse direction. It can generate independent resonant peaks in different frequency bands and can also realize multi-level polarization rotation (such as horizontal polarization → vertical polarization → 45° oblique polarization) to meet the needs of complex feed networks, thereby improving the design flexibility and universality of the waveguide coupled filter structure 10.

[0047] Further, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The axis of the output waveguide 130 is at an angle to the axis of the input waveguide 110; this improves the spatial arrangement flexibility of the output waveguide 130 and the input waveguide 110. Schematic, the axis of the output waveguide 130 and the input waveguide 110 can be arranged coplanarly or non-coplanarly.

[0048] In one embodiment, reference Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 The input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are arranged non-coplanarly, thus meeting the transmission requirements of signals at arbitrary angles within complex spaces. Specifically, as... Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, the axes of the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are perpendicular to each other (i.e., at a 90° angle) and located at different heights. Both the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are provided with standard flanges at their ends for mechanical fixation and electrical connection to external microwave systems.

[0049] In one embodiment, the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are located on opposite sides of the ring waveguide 120 along its radial direction. This further improves the spatial arrangement flexibility of the output waveguide 130 and the input waveguide 110. (Illustrative, reference) Figures 3 to 9 The ring waveguide 120 is located between the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130.

[0050] In one embodiment, along the radial direction of the annular waveguide 120, the cross-sectional shape of the torsion section 121 is one of anisotropic shapes such as rectangular, ridged (single-ridged or double-ridged), elliptical, or oval. Thus, when the torsion section 121 twists, the principal polarization direction of the electromagnetic field signal within the resonant channel 1201 is forced to rotate following the geometry of the torsion section 121, thereby generating a geometric phase or topological phase for the electromagnetic field signal.

[0051] It should be noted that the oval shape can also be called a racetrack shape, which is composed of two semicircular arcs with equal radii that are translated in opposite directions, and the two semicircular arcs are connected by parallel line segments of equal length.

[0052] In one embodiment, a first through-hole (not shown in the figure) is provided at the connection between the ring waveguide 120 and the input waveguide 110 for electromagnetic wave signals to pass through, and a second through-hole (not shown in the figure) is provided at the connection between the ring waveguide 120 and the output waveguide 130 for electromagnetic wave signals to pass through. Specifically, the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are both kept in close contact with the sidewall of the ring waveguide 120, so that electromagnetic wave signals can be coupled from the input waveguide 110 to the torsional resonant channel 1201 through the first through-hole, and enter the output waveguide 130 from the resonant channel 1201 through the second through-hole (the transmission process of electromagnetic wave signals can be referred to...). Figure 2 or Figure 4 (As shown by the dashed arrow in the image), thus, due to the smooth transition connection of the 120 section of the ring waveguide, low reflection and low loss transmission of electromagnetic wave signals are achieved.

[0053] It should be noted that the first through hole can be a micro-hole or a slit, and the second through hole can also be a micro-hole or a slit. This application does not limit the specific opening form of the first through hole and the second through hole, as long as the transmission of electromagnetic wave signals can be guaranteed.

[0054] Of course, in other embodiments, the input waveguide 110 and the ring waveguide 120 are coupled through an iris, a probe, or a via; this application does not limit this, as long as the input waveguide 110 can be coupled to the ring waveguide 120. Similarly, the output waveguide 130 and the ring waveguide 120 can also be coupled through an iris, a probe, or a via. This application also does not limit this, as long as the output waveguide 130 can be coupled to the ring waveguide 120.

[0055] In one embodiment, the ring waveguide 120 is a hollow structure, that is, the medium filled in the resonant channel 1201 is air.

[0056] Of course, in other embodiments, the resonant channel 1201 is provided with a flexible dielectric material (such as liquid crystal polymer LCP) or a high dielectric constant ceramic material to suit low-frequency or space-constrained scenarios.

[0057] Specifically, taking a resonant channel 1201 with a flexible dielectric substrate as an example, the structure employs a stripline or flexible coplanar waveguide (CPW) form. Signal lines are fabricated on the flexible dielectric substrate, and grounding metal layers are covered on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate to constrain the electromagnetic field. During manufacturing, the flexible dielectric substrate is physically twisted by an integer multiple of 180° and connected end-to-end to form a torsional ring waveguide 120. The entire ring waveguide 120 is then encapsulated in a metal shielding box, and the signal is led out through a coaxial connector. This example achieves the same topological phase reversal effect using flexible circuit board technology.

[0058] It should be noted that, since the upper and lower surfaces of the flexible dielectric substrate are wide enough, the electromagnetic field energy will be well confined between the upper and lower grounded metal layers, and the lateral radiation will automatically become very weak. Therefore, there is no need to confine it on the left and right sides of the flexible dielectric substrate; and the side covering metal layer will also make it difficult to twist the flexible dielectric substrate.

[0059] In other words, a metal box is fitted around the outer side of the ring waveguide 120, and both the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130 are located outside the metal box. In this way, not only can the metal box maintain the accuracy of the geometric torsion of the ring waveguide 120, but it can also confine the laterally radiated signals inside the ring waveguide 120, thereby maintaining the stability of the transmission environment.

[0060] In one embodiment, multiple ring waveguides 120 are provided, and the multiple resonant channels 1201 are interconnected. That is, multiple ring waveguides 120 are cascaded to form a high-order filter network structure. Illustratively, two ring waveguides 120 are used as an example. Figure 8 As shown, two ring waveguides 120 are cascaded along the extension direction of the input waveguide 110; as Figure 9 As shown, the two ring waveguides 120 can also be cascaded along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the input waveguide 110. It should be noted that in actual design, multiple ring waveguides 120 can be cascaded and coupled in any direction and in any number.

[0061] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way, and the following embodiments 1 to 4 are illustrated in the following description.

[0062] Example 1: The ring waveguide 120 includes a twisted segment 121 with k=1, meaning the twisted segment 121 has a 180° twist, and its structure can be referenced to a Möbius strip. The input waveguide 110 and output waveguide 130 are not coplanar, and the ring waveguide 120 is located between the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130. See Embodiment 1 for details. Figure 2 .

[0063] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that k=2. Example 2 can be found by referring to... Figure 5 .

[0064] Example 3: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the ring waveguide 120 is formed by connecting a twisted section 121 and a connecting section 122. Embodiment 3 can be referred to. Figure 6 .

[0065] Example 4: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the torsion segment 121 is configured as two segments, and the torsion directions of the two torsion segments 121 are opposite. Embodiment 4 can be referred to. Figure 7 .

[0066] For the aforementioned ring waveguide 120, this embodiment preferably adopts the following three manufacturing schemes: Option 1: Metal 3D Printing. First, design the resonant channel support based on the 3D model, selecting an aluminum alloy (such as AlSi). 10 Mg or titanium alloy powders are stacked and sintered layer by layer using selective laser melting technology to directly construct a closed ring waveguide 120. After forming, the part is subjected to stress-relief annealing, and the inner wall is precisely ground using abrasive flow polishing process to reduce the surface roughness to the micron level, so as to eliminate the printing step effect and significantly reduce high-frequency skin loss.

[0067] Option 2: Polymer 3D Printing followed by Coating. First, a high-precision photosensitive resin matrix framework is printed using photopolymerization technology. Then, the matrix undergoes surface sensitization and activation treatment, followed by the deposition of a basic conductive seed layer via chemical plating. On top of this, several layers of copper or silver with a skin depth are deposited using electroplating, followed by anti-oxidation treatment. This process combines the ease of molding polymers with the high conductivity of metals, significantly reducing device weight while maintaining RF performance.

[0068] Option 3: Segmented CNC Precision Machining. During the design phase, the cavity is divided into upper and lower parts along the center plane where the surface current density is lowest. A high-precision five-axis CNC machine tool is used to mill half of the torsion ring waveguide 120, directly obtaining a mirror-like inner wall. During assembly, high-precision locating pins ensure micron-level alignment of the two halves, and screws are used for fastening. To eliminate electromagnetic leakage at the joints, conductive adhesive or indium wire can be applied to the mating surfaces for shielding and sealing.

[0069] This application also provides an electrical device including the waveguide-coupled filter structure 10 as described in any of the preceding embodiments. Indicatively, the electrical device further includes at least two circuit boards spaced apart along their thickness direction, with the waveguide-coupled filter structure 10 located between adjacent circuit boards, and the adjacent circuit boards respectively connecting the input waveguide 110 and the output waveguide 130. That is, the aforementioned waveguide-coupled filter structure 10 spans different dielectric layers, used for interlayer interconnection in three-dimensional integrated circuits or multilayer circuit boards, thereby replacing the traditional via structure and making the structure of the electrical device simpler and more compact.

[0070] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0071] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the patent protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waveguide-coupled filter structure, characterized in that, include: The input waveguide (110) is used to input electromagnetic wave signals; A ring waveguide (120) is a hollow closed ring. The ring waveguide (120) includes at least one twisted segment (121) connected sequentially along its circumference. The twisted segment (121) is twisted about an axis extending in its radial direction by a twist θ, where θ = k × 180° and k is a positive integer. The ring waveguide (120) is provided with a resonant channel extending in its circumference for the transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal. The ring waveguide (120) is coupled to the input waveguide (110) so that the electromagnetic wave signal can enter the resonant channel (1201). An output waveguide (130) is used to output electromagnetic wave signals. The output waveguide (130) is coupled to the ring waveguide (120) so that the electromagnetic wave signals in the resonant channel (1201) can enter the output waveguide (130).

2. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the output waveguide (130) is at an angle to the axis of the input waveguide (110); And / or, the input waveguide (110) and the output waveguide (130) are arranged in a non-coplanar manner; And / or, along the radial direction of the annular waveguide (120), the input waveguide (110) and the output waveguide (130) are located on both sides of the annular waveguide (120).

3. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, k is an odd number.

4. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The torsion mode of the torsion segment (121) is continuous and smooth torsion; And / or, the twisted segment (121) includes at least two waveguide segments connected sequentially along the circumference of the annular waveguide (120), and the twisting mode of the twisted segment (121) is a discrete twist achieved by at least two of the waveguide segments.

5. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The ring waveguide (120) also includes a non-twisted connecting segment (122), which is connected to the twisted segment (121) in sequence along the circumference of the ring waveguide (120) to form a closed ring. And / or, the torsion segment (121) is provided with at least two segments, at least one of the torsion segment (121) is torsion in the forward direction, and at least one of the torsion segment (121) is torsion in the reverse direction.

6. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A first through hole is provided at the connection between the ring waveguide (120) and the input waveguide (110) for the electromagnetic wave signal to pass through, and a second through hole is provided at the connection between the ring waveguide (120) and the output waveguide (130) for the electromagnetic wave signal to pass through.

7. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resonant channel (1201) is provided with a flexible dielectric material or a high dielectric constant ceramic material.

8. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, A metal box is fitted around the outer side of the annular waveguide (120), and the input waveguide (110) and the output waveguide (130) are both located outside the metal box.

9. The waveguide-coupled filter structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, The ring waveguide (120) is provided with multiple rings, and the multiple resonant channels (1201) are interconnected. And / or, along the radial direction of the annular waveguide (120), the cross-sectional shape of the torsion segment (121) is one of rectangular, ridge-shaped, elliptical, or oval.

10. An electrical device, characterized in that, Includes the waveguide-coupled filter structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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