Method and system for dynamic security root based physical layer control signaling transmission

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of physical layer control signaling transmission method and system based on dynamic security root, belong to 6G wireless communication technical field.The application is based on dynamic security root frame, and the second type control signaling needing to be transmitted by pilot frame is completely defined.Core innovation includes: the complete frame structure of measurement report, six trigger mechanisms and quantization closed loop process, so that the reporting delay is reduced from 10 milliseconds to 0.1 millisecond;Closed loop quantization method of power control, so that the response time is reduced from 1 millisecond to 0.125 millisecond;Closed loop process of timing advance adjustment, support 0.01 microsecond step precision;Through pilot sequence cyclic shift implicit indication modulation mode adaptive mechanism, zero additional signaling overhead;Composite frame structure supports multiple control signaling multiplexing and priority preemption;Hybrid frame structure realizes the cooperative transmission of control information and user data, and the peak rate is increased by 5 to 10 times.The application reduces the control signaling transmission delay to 0.05 milliseconds, and the overhead is reduced to 0%, which can be widely applied to industrial internet of things, vehicle networking, satellite communication and other scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a physical layer control signaling transmission method based on dynamic security foundation in next-generation wireless communication systems (such as 5G-Advanced and 6G). This invention is a key extension and systematic enhancement of the applicant's prior series of patent applications in the physical layer control signaling dimension. Background Technology

[0002] This application claims priority to the following Chinese patent applications: - Application No.: 2025108837722, Invention Title: Wireless Bearer System Based on Secure Full-Duplex Pilot Sequence, Application Date: June 30, 2025.

[0003] This application also cites the prior art patent applications of the following applicants as technical background (these citations are only used to illustrate the prior art and do not affect the novelty and inventiveness of these patent applications themselves): - Application No.: 2026100015014, Invention Title: Method, System and Apparatus for Generating Wireless Communication Parameters Based on Dynamic Security Foundation, Application Date: January 4, 2026 (hereinafter referred to as "Parameter Generation Patent"); - Application No.: 2025108837722, Invention Title: Wireless Bearer System Based on Secure Full-Duplex Pilot Sequence, Application Date: June 30, 2025 (hereinafter referred to as "Pilot Bearer Patent").

[0004] 1.1 Core Contribution of Parameter Generation Patent This parameter generation patent is the first to propose a protocol security state machine paradigm centered on Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF), achieving the generation of zero-signaling communication parameters. This paradigm is defined by the triple `DSF = (K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID)`, where both communicating parties independently generate a consistent time-varying state `S(t)` based on a shared DSF. Then, all communication parameters that can be known without transmission are generated through `Param_x = F(K_sec, S(t), Context_x)`.

[0005] The zero-signaling parameters covered by the parameter generation patent include, but are not limited to: - Pilot sequence: uplink and downlink inter-pilot; - Physical resource location: resource block index, symbol location; - Higher-layer protocol parameters: HARQ process number, receive beam identifier, time slot format indicator; - Transmit power fine-tuning: pseudo-random power jump; - Antenna port mapping with DMRS.

[0006] The characteristic of these parameters is that both communicating parties can obtain consistent results through independent calculation, without any dynamic signaling transmission. This parameter generation patent lays the theoretical foundation for zero-signaling and intrinsic security in wireless communication systems.

[0007] 1.2 Core Contributions of Pilot Bearer Patents The pilot bearer patent is the first to propose a wireless bearer system based on secure duplex pilot sequences, and its core contributions include: - A method for generating cross-transfer pilot sequences, which achieves zero-signaling cross-transfer of uplink and downlink pilots through complex conjugate transformation; - Pilot frame basic structure design, including fields such as frame header, encrypted data, authentication tag, and empty frame identifier; - A conceptual disclosure of control frame types such as TA adjustment (frame header 0010), power control (frame header 0011), and switching command (frame header 0100).

[0008] The characteristic of this type of control signaling is that it cannot be generated independently via DSF and must be transmitted through a physical layer frame structure. Pilot bearer patents provide the physical layer foundation for zero-overhead transmission of dynamic control information.

[0009] 1.3 The essential differences between the two types of control signaling As shown in Table 1, the two types of control signaling differ fundamentally in terms of generation methods, transmission requirements, and typical examples: feature Parameter generation patent (Type A) Pilot carrier patent (Type B) Generation method Calculated independently via DSF Transmitted via pilot frames Is transmission required? No (zero signaling) yes Typical example Pilot sequence, resource location, HARQ ID Measurement reports, TA commands, power control Real-time requirements Synchronized with logical decision-making Related to physical event triggering Preceding Patent 2026100015014 2025108837722 1.4 Insufficient disclosure of pilot carrier patents Although pilot bearer patents have laid an important foundation, the following key undisclosed information and insufficient disclosure exist regarding physical layer control signaling transmission: First, the method for carrying the pilot frames in the measurement report is completely missing. The measurement report is a core control signaling component for mobility management and link adaptation, including the periodic or event-triggered reporting of key information such as reference signal received power, reference signal received quality, and channel quality indication. Although the pilot bearer patent defines various control frame types, it does not disclose any frame structure, data format, triggering mechanism, or transmission method related to the measurement report.

[0010] Second, the closed-loop process of control signaling is not disclosed. The pilot bearer patent only defines the static frame header identifier of the control frame, but does not disclose the complete closed-loop control process. For example, the power control command frame is only mentioned as a concept, and it does not disclose how the base station calculates the power adjustment amount based on the received signal quality, the quantization method and step design of the adjustment amount, the power update algorithm after the terminal receives the signal, or the timing relationship and deterministic guarantee mechanism of the closed-loop control.

[0011] Third, the adaptive modulation mechanism is not disclosed. The pilot bearer patent mentions BPSK / QPSK modulation, but does not disclose how to dynamically select the modulation scheme based on channel quality, the correlation between modulation scheme selection and DSF time-varying state, how to implicitly indicate the modulation scheme without additional signaling overhead, and the frame structure differences and demodulation methods under different modulation schemes.

[0012] Fourth, the multiplexing and priority handling of multiple control signaling are not disclosed. In practical systems, multiple control signaling may need to be transmitted at the same time. The pilot bearer patent does not disclose how to carry multiple control signaling within the same pilot frame, the priority definition and preemption mechanism of different control signaling, or the structural design of composite control frames.

[0013] Fifth, the hybrid frame structure design is not addressed. The pilot-bearing patent only considers the pure pilot frame structure, without considering how to achieve the optimal balance between rate and reliability through a hybrid frame structure that carries control information in the pilot segment and user data in the data segment.

[0014] Sixth, the synergy with the parameter generation patent is not clarified. The pilot bearer patent does not clarify the differences and synergistic relationship between its control frame transmission method and the zero signaling parameter generation method in the parameter generation patent, which may lead to confusion or redundancy between the two types of control signaling in system design.

[0015] This invention is proposed to address the undisclosed or insufficiently disclosed technical content in the aforementioned pilot bearer patents. It aims to deeply integrate the DSF framework philosophy of the parameter generation patent with the physical layer transmission mechanism of the pilot bearer patent to construct a complete and clearly hierarchical physical layer control signaling system. Summary of the Invention

[0016] I. Purpose of the Invention The purpose of this invention is to provide a physical layer control signaling transmission method and system that shares the same philosophical origin as the aforementioned DSF framework and can seamlessly integrate with it. This method should achieve: (1) Clearly distinguish between two types of control signaling: clearly define the zero signaling parameters that can be generated independently by DSF and the dynamic control information that must be transmitted through pilot frames; (2) Complete control signaling coverage: Based on the pilot bearer patent, a new method for bearing the pilot frame of the measurement report is added, which fully defines its frame structure, data format, triggering mechanism and closed-loop process; (3) Complete disclosure of closed-loop control process: Define a complete measurement-feedback-adjustment closed-loop process for control signals such as power control and TA adjustment, and clarify the quantification method, timing relationship and deterministic guarantee; (4) Modulation mode adaptive mechanism: The modulation mode is dynamically selected according to the channel quality, and zero additional signaling overhead is achieved through implicit mode indication bound to the DSF time-varying state; (5) Multiple signaling multiplexing and priority processing: Supports multiplexing of multiple control signaling within the same pilot frame, and defines priority preemption mechanism and composite frame structure; (6) Hybrid frame structure design: By separating the pilot segment from the control segment and the data segment, the coordinated transmission of control information and user data is realized, which breaks through the limitation of low-order modulation on peak rate while maintaining the advantage of zero signaling; (7) Deep integration with parameter generation patent: The control information transmitted by the pilot frame is used in conjunction with the zero signaling parameters independently generated by DSF to form a complete physical layer control system.

[0017] II. Core Invention Concept: Two Types of Control Signaling Systems Based on DSF The core of this invention lies in constructing a unified physical layer control signaling system based on Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF). This system clearly distinguishes between two types of control signaling and defines their generation, transmission, and coordination mechanisms. Figure 1 This system architecture is illustrated schematically.

[0018] 2.1 Definition of Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF) The dynamic security foundation DSF is uniquely determined by the triple `(K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID)`. Where: Security key `K_sec`: A 256-bit session key assigned by the core network, which is encrypted and transmitted using a post-quantum cryptography algorithm to provide a long-term security foundation.

[0019] The initial anchor `Init_Anchor` is the logical starting point of the protocol's security state machine, defining when and with what initial state the state machine begins operation. `Init_Anchor` can have several specific implementations: Form 1: Absolute physical time anchor. `Init_Anchor` can specify a future absolute physical time, such as system frame number `SFN=1024` and time slot number `Slot=0`. Both communicating parties agree to start the state machine simultaneously at this time, with the initial state being a predefined default value, such as counter 0 or the initial hash chain seed.

[0020] Form 2: Counter value plus activation time anchor. `Init_Anchor` can contain an initial counter value `n_0` and an activation time `T_activate`. Both communicating parties set their local counters to `n_0` at `T_activate` and begin state evolution. This form is suitable for scenarios requiring recovery from a specific historical state.

[0021] Form 3: Hash Chain Seed Anchor. For scenarios using hash chain-driven rules, `Init_Anchor` can contain the initial hash chain seed `Seed_0` and the activation time. Starting from the activation time, both communicating parties use `Seed_0` as the chain head and calculate the subsequent chain states according to a predefined tick.

[0022] Form 4: Logical Epoch Anchor. For scenarios using logical epoch-driven rules, `Init_Anchor` can contain the initial epoch number `Epoch_0`, the initial counter `Counter_0`, and the effective time. Both communicating parties start at the effective time and evolve from `(Epoch_0, Counter_0)`.

[0023] Form 5: Relative Offset Anchor. `Init_Anchor` can specify an offset relative to a reference time, such as "the 10th frame after the current frame". Both communicating parties add this offset to the reference time to determine the state machine startup time.

[0024] Form Six: Event-Triggered Anchor. `Init_Anchor` can specify a physical event that triggers the state machine's startup, such as "the first logical decision moment after receiving a switching command." When the event occurs, both communicating parties synchronously start their state machines.

[0025] Regardless of the form used, the core function of `Init_Anchor` is to ensure that both communicating parties have a consistent starting point on the logical time axis, thereby ensuring that all subsequent calculation results based on `S(t)` remain consistent.

[0026] The state transition rule identifier `Rule_ID` defines the type of the state machine, the internal state evolution algorithm, and the set of parameters for triggering state updates. `Rule_ID` is configurable, and its core parameter—the update tick—defines the temporal granularity of the state evolution, which can be decoupled from the physical layer timing.

[0027] 2.2 Operation of the Protocol Security State Machine Both communicating parties independently run their local protocol security state machines based on a shared `DSF`. Driven by `Rule_ID`, this state machine autonomously evolves over time or events, outputting a time-varying synchronization state variable, denoted as `S(t)`.

[0028] Depending on the `Rule_ID`, `S(t)` is determined as follows: When rule A (broadcast clock driven rule) is used, `S(t)` corresponds to a specific system frame number or timeslot number decoded from the network broadcast information. The terminal triggers a state update when its local physical clock reaches this broadcast value.

[0029] When rule B (hash chain driven rule) is used, `S(t)` is a secret hash chain state, updated by a configurable logical tick `T_update`, for example, triggered every 0.125 milliseconds. The logical counter `n` increments by 1 after each `T_update`, and the current hash chain state is calculated from the previous state using a hash function.

[0030] When rule C (logical epoch-driven rule) is used, `S(t)` is a public logical state `(Epoch_ID, Counter)`, which is updated by a configurable logical tick `T_logical`, for example, triggered every 10 milliseconds. `Counter` is incremented, and after reaching the predetermined epoch length, a carry is made, `Epoch_ID` is incremented, and `Counter` is reset.

[0031] 2.3 The essential relationship between the logical timeline and the physical timeline The core philosophical idea of ​​this invention lies in the complete decoupling of the logical timeline and the physical timeline. For example... Figure 1 As shown, these two timelines have completely different properties and evolutionary patterns: The logical timeline is an abstract time dimension defined by DSF, and it has the following essential characteristics: - Logicality: The "time" in the logical timeline is an abstract quantity, such as the logical counter `n`, the epoch number `Epoch_ID`, the hash chain state index, etc., which has no direct relationship with the physical clock seconds / milliseconds; - Determinism: The evolution of the logical timeline is entirely defined by `Rule_ID`, follows pure mathematical laws, and is not affected by any physical factors; - Synchronization: Both communicating parties run their own logic state machines independently based on the same `Init_Anchor` and `Rule_ID`, and can always maintain the consistency of the logic state `S(t)` without any continuous signaling interaction; - Configurability: The "beat" of the logical time axis, `T_update` / `T_logical`, is a logical concept that can be configured to any value and is independent of the physical layer time slot length.

[0032] The physical timeline is the physical time dimension of the actual operation of the system, and it has the following characteristics: - Physical properties: Maintained by physical components such as crystal oscillators and clock circuits, they have inherent errors and drift; - Imperfections: The physical clocks of different devices can never be perfectly synchronized, with deviations ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds; - Uncontrollability: Physical clocks are affected by factors such as temperature, voltage, and aging, and drift cannot be completely eliminated; - Uniqueness: The execution of all physical layer events must occur on a unique physical timeline.

[0033] The essential relationship between the two timelines can be summarized as follows: the logical timeline evolves independently, while the physical timeline is used for execution, and the two are only momentarily related at the time of logical decision-making.

[0034] 2.4 Logical Decision Moment and Unified Anchor Point Moment The logical decision time `T_logic` is a periodically arriving discrete time on the logical time axis, defined by `Rule_ID`. Different types of rules have different definitions of logical decision times: For Rule A (Broadcast Clock Driven Rule): The logical decision time corresponds to a specific system frame number or timeslot number decoded from network broadcast information, such as `Target_SFN`. The logical decision is triggered when the physical timeline reaches this broadcast value. This rule is suitable for one-off or short-term processes such as initial access and handover.

[0035] For rule B (hash chain driven rule): the logical decision moment is determined by a configurable logical tick `T_update`, for example, triggered every 0.125 milliseconds, 0.5 milliseconds, or 1 millisecond. The logical counter `n` increments by 1 after each `T_update`, and the current logical state `S(t) = T_State[n]` is calculated from the previous state using a hash function. Regardless of whether data is sent, the logical decision moment arrives strictly according to the `T_update` period, reflecting the philosophy of complete decoupling between the logical timeline and physical events.

[0036] For rule C (logical epoch-driven rule): the logical decision time is determined by a configurable logical tick `T_logical`, for example, triggered once every 10 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, or 1 second. The logical state `(Epoch_ID, Counter)` is updated once every `T_logical`: `Counter` increments, carries over after reaching the predetermined epoch length `L`, `Epoch_ID` increments, and `Counter` is reset.

[0037] Regardless of the rules used, the core characteristic of the logical decision moment is that it is a fixed tick point on the logical timeline defined by DSF, independent of whether the physical layer has data transmission requirements. The data transmission requirement is merely a condition checked when the logical decision moment arrives, not the cause triggering the logical decision.

[0038] At the moment of logical decision-making, the two timelines become instantaneously correlated, and the process is as follows: Step 1: Logical Decision. The terminal / base station's logic state machine reaches `T_logic`, at which point the logic timeline is in state `S(t)`. This moment is deterministic and predictable.

[0039] Step 2: Physical Time Query. The terminal / base station "queries" the instantaneous value of the current physical timeline, that is, reads the locally synchronized physical layer timer to obtain the current system frame number and timeslot number. This process is like glancing at a watch, just to know "what time it is".

[0040] Step 3: Establish a unified anchor point. Record the read physical time as the unified anchor point `T_anchor` for this communication. `T_anchor` is the mapping point of the logical decision time on the physical time axis, used for all subsequent physical layer executions.

[0041] Step 4: Business Check and Execution. Check if there is data to be sent or control signaling to be reported. If so, add a fixed offset to `T_anchor` to determine the physical transmission time; if not, send an empty frame to maintain synchronization.

[0042] Step 5: Decoupling of Logic and Physical Timelines Again. After `T_anchor` is determined, the logical timeline and physical timeline are decoupled again. The logical state machine continues to evolve independently according to the beat defined by `Rule_ID`, waiting for the next logical decision moment. The physical timeline continues to run independently, waiting for the next query.

[0043] 2.5 Calculation of Deterministic Physical Execution Time Based on `T_anchor` and double fixed offsets, the downlink transmission time and uplink transmission time can be calculated: Downlink transmission time `T_DL = T_anchor + Δ_dl` Uplink transmission time `T_UL = T_anchor + Δ_ul` The uplink fixed offset is greater than the downlink fixed offset, and the difference between the two is greater than or equal to the worst-case processing time required for the terminal to generate and transmit the uplink signal from receiving the downlink signal. This constraint ensures that the downlink signal has sufficient time to be processed.

[0044] For downlink transmission at the base station, the base station uses its own `T_anchor` to calculate `T_DL` and transmits the downlink signal at that time. For uplink transmission at the terminal, the terminal uses its own `T_anchor` to calculate `T_UL` and transmits the uplink signal at that time.

[0045] 2.6 Type I Control Signaling: Zero Signaling Generation Parameters The first type of control signaling fully inherits the core paradigm of the parameter generation patent. Both communicating parties independently generate consistent parameters based on the shared DSF, without the need for any dynamic signaling transmission.

[0046] Its unified generative model is: ``` Zero signaling parameters = cryptographic deterministic function (security key, time-varying state, parameter context) ``` in: - Security key `K_sec`: A 256-bit session key assigned by the core network; - Time-varying state `S(t)`: The output of the current DSF protocol state machine; - Parameter context `Context_x`: Context information used to distinguish different parameter types; - Cryptographic deterministic function `F`: A predefined collision-resistant hash function or message authentication code function.

[0047] The generation process of these parameters is as follows: Figure 1 The detailed steps are shown in the lower half: Step A1: At the logical decision time `T_logic`, the terminal and the base station respectively calculate the current time-varying state `S(t)` based on the shared DSF.

[0048] Step A2: For the parameter `Param_x` that needs to be generated, both parties construct the same parameter context `Context_x`.

[0049] Step A3: Both parties independently perform the calculation `Param_x = F(K_sec, S(t), Context_x)` and obtain exactly the same parameter values.

[0050] Step A4: The terminal uses the generated parameters for uplink transmission, and the base station uses the same parameters for downlink transmission or uplink reception.

[0051] Typical examples of this type of parameter include the following eight: The first type is the uplink and downlink inter-pilot sequence: the uplink pilot is calculated by a cryptographic function from the security key, the time-varying state and the "UL_PILOT" context, and the downlink pilot is the complex conjugate of the uplink pilot.

[0052] The second method is the physical resource block index, which is calculated using a cryptographic function based on the security key, time-varying state, and "RB_ALLOC" context, and then modulo the total number of available resource blocks.

[0053] The third method is to obtain the symbol position by calculating it using a cryptographic function from the security key, the time-varying state, and the "SYM_POS" context, and then taking the modulo 14.

[0054] The fourth type is the HARQ process identifier, which is calculated using a cryptographic function from the security key, time-varying state, and "HARQ_PROC" context, and then modulo 16.

[0055] The fifth type is the receive beam identifier, which is calculated using a cryptographic function from the security key, time-varying state, and "BEAM_ID" context, and then modulo 64.

[0056] The sixth type is the slot format indicator, which is calculated by a cryptographic function from the security key, the time-varying state, and the "SLOT_FORMAT" context, and then modulo 56.

[0057] The seventh type is the transmit power fine-tuning amount: calculated by a cryptographic function using the security key, time-varying state, and "POWER_CTRL" context, modulo 16, and then subtracting 8 to obtain an adjustment amount ranging from -8 to +7.

[0058] The eighth type is the antenna port number, which is calculated using a cryptographic function from the security key, time-varying state, and "ANT_PORT" context, and then modulo 8.

[0059] 2.7 Type II Control Signaling: Pilot Frame Bearer Parameters Type II control signaling cannot be generated independently via DSF and must be transmitted at the physical layer via security pilot frames. The characteristics of this type of control signaling are: - Related to real-time events, such as measurement report triggers and power adjustment requirements; - Quantized measurement values ​​or command values ​​need to be transmitted; - The receiver cannot know this through independent calculation; it must be obtained through frame structure parsing.

[0060] 2.7.1 Sending and Receiving Downlink Control Signaling The transmission process for downlink control signaling (such as TA adjustment commands, power control commands, and handover commands) is as follows: Step B1: At its logical decision time `T_logic_gNB`, the base station constructs a control pilot frame based on the current time-varying state `S(t)` and the control information to be transmitted.

[0061] Step B2: The base station uses the downlink pilot sequence `P_DL`, which is independently generated by the DSF, to modulate the control frame onto the sequence.

[0062] Step B3: The base station calculates the downlink transmission time `T_DL` based on `T_anchor_gNB` and the downlink fixed offset `Δ_dl`, and transmits the signal at that time.

[0063] Step B4: The terminal listens at the expected `T_DL` time, uses the downlink pilot sequence `P_DL` independently generated by DSF for joint demodulation, and recovers the control frame.

[0064] Step B5: The terminal verifies the authentication tag of the control frame, parses the control information, and performs the corresponding operation.

[0065] 2.7.2 Sending and Receiving Uplink Control Signaling For uplink control signaling (such as measurement reports), the transmission process is as follows: Step C1: At its logical decision moment `T_logic_UE`, the terminal constructs a control pilot frame based on the current time-varying state `S(t)` and the control information to be sent.

[0066] Step C2: The terminal uses the uplink pilot sequence `P_UL`, which is independently generated by DSF, to modulate the control frame onto the sequence.

[0067] Step C3: The terminal calculates the uplink transmission time `T_UL` based on `T_anchor_UE` and the uplink fixed offset `Δ_ul`, and transmits the signal at that time.

[0068] Step C4: The base station listens at the expected `T_UL` time, performs joint demodulation using the uplink pilot sequence `P_UL` independently generated by DSF, and recovers the control frame.

[0069] Step C5: The base station verifies the authentication tag of the control frame, parses the control information, and uses it for mobility decisions or link adaptation.

[0070] 2.8 Coordination Relationship between the Two Types of Control Signaling like Figure 1 As shown, at each logical decision-making moment, the terminal or base station executes the following collaborative process: Step D1: Independently generate the first type of zero signaling parameters based on DSF, including the pilot sequence used in the current time slot, resource location, etc.

[0071] Step D2: Check if there are any Category 2 control signaling commands that need to be sent. This includes checking if there are any measurement reports that need to be submitted, power adjustment commands that need to be sent, current transformer (TA) adjustment commands that need to be sent, handover commands that need to be sent, and scheduling requests that need to be sent.

[0072] Step D3: If there is a second type of control signaling, select to construct a single control frame or a composite control frame according to the number and priority of the control information.

[0073] Step D4: Modulate the constructed control frame onto the pilot sequence generated in step D1.

[0074] Step D5: For downlink transmission, the base station transmits at time `T_DL`; for uplink transmission, the terminal transmits at time `T_UL`.

[0075] 2.9 Data Rate Analysis and Compensation Mechanism This framework employs low-order modulation (BPSK / QPSK) to ensure robustness and security, but compensates for rate loss through high-frequency scheduling. Let the modulation order be M, the number of symbols per frame be N, and the logic decision period be T_{dsf}}, then the peak rate is: \[ R = \frac{\log_2(M) \times N}{T_{\text{dsf}}} \] For example, when using QPSK modulation (log_2(4)=2), with N=12 symbols per frame and a logic decision period of T_{dsf} = 0.125 ms, the peak rate is: \[ R = \frac{2 \times 12}{0.125 \times 10^{-3}} = 192\,\text{kbps} \] Compared to a typical 5G NR configuration (16QAM, TTI=0.5 ms), although the modulation order is reduced by half, the scheduling frequency is increased by 4 times, and the net data rate is increased by 2 times. Combined with multi-stream concurrency (supporting 32 streams in parallel via LCID) and dual-radio diversity, the data rate can be further increased by tens of times, fully meeting the needs of URLLC services.

[0076] 2.10 Hybrid Frame Structure Design To further improve data transmission rate, this invention provides a hybrid frame structure, such as... Figure 7 As shown. This structure divides the transmission frame into pilot segments and data segments: The pilot band is located at the beginning of the frame, employs low-order modulation (BPSK / QPSK), and carries cross-propagation pilot sequences and Type II control signaling. The pilot band is used for both channel estimation and control signaling demodulation. The length of the pilot band can be dynamically adjusted according to the amount of control information, typically ranging from 1 to 4 OFDM symbols.

[0077] The data segment is located at the end of the frame and can use any modulation scheme (including higher-order modulations such as 16QAM and 64QAM) to carry user data. The modulation scheme of the data segment can be dynamically indicated by the control information demodulated from the pilot segment.

[0078] The guard interval is located between the pilot band and the data band to prevent inter-symbol interference, and its length can be configured according to the channel delay extension.

[0079] The receiving end processing flow is as follows: First, channel estimation is performed using the pilot band to obtain the channel response; then, control information, including the data segment modulation scheme and coding rate, is demodulated from the pilot band; finally, the data segment is demodulated using the channel response and the obtained control information to recover the user data.

[0080] 2.11 Composite Frame Structure and Frame Type Selection like Figure 6 As shown, at each logical decision point, the terminal or base station determines the type of frame to send based on whether there is data to be sent or whether there is type II control signaling to be transmitted: Frame Type 1 (Composite Frame): A composite frame is sent when both data and control information are available. The structure of a composite frame includes a frame header field set to a specific value to identify the composite frame type, a control signaling quantity field indicating the number of control signals contained in this frame, a control signaling list where each control signaling is encapsulated in TLV format, a data field carrying user data, and an authentication tag field providing integrity protection.

[0081] Frame type 2 (data frame): When only data is available, a data frame is sent, and the frame header is set to a specific value corresponding to the short or long data packet.

[0082] Frame type 3 (control frame): When only control information is available, a control frame is sent, and the frame header is set to a specific value corresponding to the control information type. First frame header value `0b0010`: TA adjustment command frame Second frame header value `0b0011`: Power control command frame Third frame header value `0b0100`: Toggle command frame Fourth frame header value `0b0101`: Measurement report frame Other values ​​are reserved for future expansion.

[0083] Frame Type 4 (Empty Frame): An empty frame is sent when there is no data or control information. The header of the empty frame is the same as the most recently sent frame type, but the empty frame flag is set to 1, and the encrypted data field is filled with a random number generated by a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator. Upon detecting the empty frame flag, the receiver skips the decryption process and only updates the channel state information to maintain synchronization. This mechanism can reduce receiver power consumption by approximately 83%.

[0084] 2.12 Security and Encryption Integration This framework deeply integrates security mechanisms into the processing flow at every logical decision-making moment, such as... Figure 1 The lower half is shown below: Step E1: Derive the slot key `K_slot` based on the security key `K_sec` and the time-varying state `S(t)`. The derivation method uses a predefined key derivation function.

[0085] Step E2: Generate pilot sequence `P` based on the time slot key. The generation method uses a predefined pseudo-random generation function, and the input is the time slot key and the "PILOT" context.

[0086] Step E3: Use the time-slot key to encrypt the user data using a post-quantum cryptography algorithm to obtain encrypted data.

[0087] Step E4: Calculate the message authentication code. The input is the time slot key and the concatenation of encrypted data and control information. The output is a fixed-length authentication code that provides integrity protection.

[0088] Step E5: Construct a composite frame to encapsulate encrypted data, control information, authentication tags, etc.

[0089] Step E6: Modulate the composite frame onto the pilot sequence and transmit it.

[0090] Security processing latency is controlled to within 0.06 milliseconds through hardware acceleration, completely hidden within the logical decision-making cycle, and does not affect peak speed. The dynamic key refresh rate can reach 8000 times / second, exceeding the response limit of quantum computing and providing forward security.

[0091] III. Control Pilot Frame Bearing Method for Measurement Reports Measurement reports are fundamental control signaling for mobility management and link adaptation, belonging to the second category of control information that must be transmitted via pilot frames. Pilot-bearing patents do not disclose their implementation methods at all; this invention is the first to fully define its pilot frame carrying method. Figure 2 The structure and triggering mechanism of the measurement report frame are illustrated schematically.

[0092] 3.1 Measurement Report Frame Structure The measurement report frame consists of the following fields: the frame header field is set to a specific value to identify the measurement report type, the type field identifies the measurement report subtype, the RSRP field is a 5-bit reference signal received power, the RSRQ field is a 5-bit reference signal received quality, the CQI field is a 4-bit channel quality indicator, the optional PMI field is a 4-bit precoding matrix indicator, the optional RI field is a 2-bit rank indicator, and the authentication tag field is a 16-bit message authentication code truncation value.

[0093] RSRP has a quantization step of 1 dB, ranging from -140 to -44 dBmW. RSRQ has a quantization step of 0.5 dB, ranging from -19.5 to -3 dB. CQI values ​​range from 0 to 15, corresponding to different modulation and coding schemes.

[0094] 3.2 Triggering Mechanism for Measurement Reports This invention defines the following measurement report trigger types, identified by the type field in the frame header: The first value of the type, `0000`, indicates periodic reporting. It has a low priority and is executed according to the configured period, with a typical period of 100 milliseconds.

[0095] The second value of the type, `0001`, indicates an A3 event, meaning that the neighboring cell's signal quality is better than the serving cell's. This event has a high priority and is reported immediately upon triggering.

[0096] The third value of the type, `0010`, indicates an A4 event, which means that the signal quality of the neighboring cell is higher than the absolute threshold. In terms of priority, the event is reported immediately upon triggering.

[0097] The fourth value of the type, `0011`, indicates an A2 event, which means that the signal quality of the serving cell is lower than the absolute threshold. In terms of priority, the event is reported immediately upon triggering.

[0098] The fifth type value `0100` indicates an A5 event, which occurs when the serving cell is below the first threshold and the neighboring cells are above the second threshold. This event has a high priority and is reported immediately upon triggering.

[0099] The sixth value of the type, `0101`, indicates beam failure detection, which has the highest priority and is reported immediately upon event triggering.

[0100] Other value types are reserved for future expansion.

[0101] 3.3 Closed-loop process for measurement reports The closed-loop process for measurement reporting includes the following steps: Step M1: Measurement Trigger. At the logical decision moment, the terminal determines whether a measurement report needs to be reported based on the configured trigger conditions. The judgment logic is as follows: First, check if the periodic reporting time has arrived; if so, trigger periodic reporting. Otherwise, check if the A3 event condition is met; if so, trigger A3 event reporting. Otherwise, check if the A4 event condition is met; if so, trigger A4 event reporting. Otherwise, check if the A2 event condition is met; if so, trigger A2 event reporting. Otherwise, check if the A5 event condition is met; if so, trigger A5 event reporting. Otherwise, check if beam failure has occurred; if so, trigger beam failure reporting. Otherwise, do not trigger reporting.

[0102] Step M2: Measurement Quantization. If reporting is triggered, the measured physical quantity is quantified: the RSRP index value is obtained by adding 140 to the measured value and then rounding down; the RSRQ index value is obtained by adding 19.5 to the measured value, dividing by 0.5, and then rounding down; the CQI index value is obtained by looking up the corresponding CQI value in the table for the measured signal-to-noise ratio.

[0103] Step M3: Measurement Report Frame Construction. A measurement report frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state. The trigger type is filled into the type field, the quantized RSRP, RSRQ, and CQI values ​​are filled into the corresponding fields, and the authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function. Inputs include the time-varying state and frame content.

[0104] Step M4: Physical Layer Transmission. At the uplink transmission time determined by the unified anchor point time and the uplink fixed offset, the measurement report frame is modulated onto the security pilot sequence and transmitted.

[0105] Step M5: Network-side reception and processing. At the expected uplink transmission time, the base station uses paired pilot sequences independently generated by the DSF for joint demodulation to recover the measurement report frame, verify the authentication tag, parse out RSRP, RSRQ, and CQI, and use them for mobility decisions and link adaptation.

[0106] 3.4 Implicit Transmission Methods for Measurement Reports To reduce control signaling overhead, this invention also provides an implicit method for transmitting measurement reports. This method implicitly carries measurement information using a cyclic shift of a pilot sequence: A cyclic shift value of 0 implicitly indicates no event and a normal state. A cyclic shift value of one-quarter of the sequence length implicitly indicates that event A3 has been triggered. A cyclic shift value of one-half of the sequence length implicitly indicates that event A2 has been triggered. A cyclic shift value of three-quarters of the sequence length implicitly indicates beam failure detection.

[0107] The receiving end can determine the terminal's status by blindly detecting the cyclic shift value without explicitly reporting a complete measurement report. The blind detection method is as follows: four possible cyclic shift values ​​are tried sequentially, and correlation calculations are performed between the received signal and the locally generated pilot sequence. When the correlation value exceeds a preset threshold, the corresponding cyclic shift value is determined to be the actual value used, thereby determining the event type.

[0108] For measurements requiring quantization, different phases of the Gold code can be implicitly indicated. The relationship between the Gold code phase offset and the RSRP quantization value is: the phase offset equals the RSRP quantization value multiplied by 360 degrees divided by the maximum quantization value. The receiver detects the Gold code phase and deduces the RSRP value, achieving zero-overhead transmission of measurement information.

[0109] IV. Closed-loop implementation method of power control Power control commands belong to the second category of control information that must be transmitted via pilot frames. Pilot-bearer patents only mention the concept of power control command frames and do not disclose any closed-loop process. This invention is the first to fully define a DSF-based power control closed-loop method, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0110] 4.1 Power Control Frame Structure The power control frame consists of the following fields: the frame header field is set to a specific value to identify the power control command frame, the power level field is 3 bits to indicate the current power level, the symbol field is 1 bit to indicate the adjustment direction, the step field is 4 bits to indicate the adjustment step number, the authentication tag field is a 16-bit message authentication code truncation value, and the empty frame identifier field is 1 bit to indicate a valid frame.

[0111] The step size in the step field is 0.5 dB, and the step number from 0 to 15 corresponds to an adjustment amount from 0 to 7.5 dB. The first value of the symbol field, 0, indicates an increase in power, and the second value, 1, indicates a decrease in power.

[0112] 4.2 Closed-loop power control process The closed-loop process of power control includes the following steps: Step P1: Base Station Side Measurement and Calculation. After receiving the uplink signal from the terminal, the base station measures the actual received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and compares it with the target SNR to calculate the power adjustment. The adjustment is calculated by subtracting the actual SNR from the target SNR. The adjustment is divided by a 0.5 dB step size and rounded to obtain the original value of the step size. If the original value is greater than 15, it is truncated to 15; if it is less than -15, it is truncated to -15. The adjustment direction is determined by the sign of the original value: if the original value is greater than or equal to 0, the direction is increasing; otherwise, it is decreasing. The absolute value of the original value is taken as the step size.

[0113] Step P2: Power Control Frame Construction. At the base station's logical decision-making moment, a power control frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state. The current power level, adjustment direction, and step number are filled in, and the authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function. The input includes the time-varying state and frame content.

[0114] Step P3: Downlink Transmission. The base station calculates the downlink transmission time based on the unified anchor point time and the downlink fixed offset, and transmits the power control frame at that time.

[0115] Step P4: Terminal-side reception and adjustment. The terminal listens at the expected downlink transmission time, demodulates the power control frame using the downlink pilot sequence independently generated by the DSF, verifies the authentication tag, parses the adjustment direction and step number, calculates the power adjustment amount, and updates the transmit power. The update method is to add the adjustment amount to the current power.

[0116] 4.3 Deep Integration with DSF The transmission timing of power control frames is determined by the logical decision-making time of the DSF, rather than relying on real-time signaling. This ensures the determinism and predictability of power control. The authentication tag of the power control frame uses the time-varying state of the DSF as cryptographic input, ensuring forward security and resistance to replay attacks.

[0117] V. Enhanced Closed-Loop Implementation of TA Adjustment TA adjustment commands belong to the second category of control information that must be transmitted via pilot frames. While pilot-bearer patents mention TA adjustment command frames, they do not disclose the complete closed-loop process. This invention is the first to fully define a TA adjustment method based on DSF, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0118] 5.1 TA Adjustment Frame Structure The TA adjustment frame consists of the following fields: the frame header field is set to a specific value to identify the TA adjustment command frame, the precision field is 1 bit to indicate the adjustment step precision, the sign field is 1 bit to indicate the adjustment direction, the step field is 6 bits to indicate the number of adjustment steps, and the authentication tag field is a 16-bit message authentication code truncation value.

[0119] The precision field has a first value of 0 indicating a step size of 0.1 microseconds and a second value of 1 indicating a step size of 0.01 microseconds. The sign field has a first value of 0 indicating that the signal needs to be sent in advance and a second value of 1 indicating that the signal needs to be sent later.

[0120] 5.2 Closed-loop TA adjustment process The closed-loop process for TA adjustment includes the following steps: Step T1: Base Station Measurement. The base station measures the arrival time of the terminal's uplink signal and calculates the deviation from the expected time. The stepping precision is selected based on the absolute value of the deviation: if the absolute value is greater than or equal to 1 microsecond, a 0.1 microsecond step is selected; otherwise, a 0.01 microsecond step is selected. The deviation is divided by the step value and rounded to obtain the original value of the step number. The adjustment direction is determined by the sign of the original value: if the original value is greater than or equal to 0, the direction is forward; otherwise, it is backward. The absolute value of the original value is taken as the step number; if it exceeds 63, it is truncated to 63.

[0121] Step T2: TA Adjustment Frame Construction. At the base station's logical decision-making time, a TA adjustment frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state, filled with precision, direction, and step number, and the authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function. The input includes the time-varying state and frame content.

[0122] Step T3: Downlink Transmission. The base station calculates the downlink transmission time based on the unified anchor point time and the downlink fixed offset, and sends the TA adjustment frame at that time.

[0123] Step T4: Terminal-side reception and adjustment. The terminal listens at the expected downlink transmission time, demodulates the TA adjustment frame using the downlink pilot sequence independently generated by DSF, verifies the authentication tag, parses the precision, direction, and step count, calculates the timing adjustment amount, and updates the timing advance.

[0124] VI. Adaptive Modulation Mechanism Modulation mode adaptation involves the coordination of Type I and Type II control signaling. Pilot bearer patents do not cover this at all; this invention is the first to propose a modulation mode adaptation method based on DSF, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0125] 6.1 Modulation mode selection logic This invention dynamically selects the modulation scheme based on channel quality, and the specific selection logic is as follows: When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is above 20 dB, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation is used, with a coding rate of half, suitable for high-reliability control under excellent channel conditions. When the SNR is between 15 and 20 dB, binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation is used, with a coding rate of half, suitable for good channel conditions. When the SNR is between 10 and 15 dB, BPSK modulation is used, with a coding rate of one-third, suitable for general channel conditions. When the SNR is between 5 and 10 dB, BPSK modulation combined with repetitive coding is used, with a coding rate of one-sixth, suitable for emergency control under poor channel conditions. When the SNR is below 5 dB, it backs down to the traditional physical downlink control channel.

[0126] 6.2 Implicit Indication of Modulation Mode This invention employs an implicit indication modulation method using cyclic shifting of the safety pilot sequence, eliminating the need for additional signaling overhead. The transmitting end performs a corresponding cyclic shift on the safety pilot sequence according to the selected modulation scheme, and then modulates the control frame onto the cyclically shifted pilot sequence for transmission.

[0127] The mapping relationship of cyclic shift values ​​is as follows: - When the cyclic shift value is 0, the implicit indication uses quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation; - When the cyclic shift value is half the sequence length (N / 2), it implicitly indicates that binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation is used; - When the cyclic shift value is one-quarter (N / 4) of the sequence length, the implicit indication is that binary phase shift keying combined with repeat coding (BPSK+repetition) modulation is used.

[0128] The receiver blind detection process is as follows: The receiver is unaware of the modulation scheme used by the transmitter before demodulation, thus requiring blind detection. The basic principle of blind detection is as follows: the receiver locally stores a standard pilot sequence `P_base` generated by the DSF, which has not undergone cyclic shifting. The receiver sequentially tries three possible cyclic shift values, generating corresponding local reference sequences, and calculates the correlation between the received signal and each reference sequence.

[0129] Step DET1: The receiver generates a standard pilot sequence `P_base` based on the shared DSF, with a sequence length of N.

[0130] Step DET2: The receiver applies three different cyclic shifts to `P_base` to generate three candidate reference sequences: - `P_ref0 = P_base` (circular shift by 0) - `P_ref1 = circshift(P_base, N / 2)` (Circular shift N / 2) - `P_ref2 = circshift(P_base, N / 4)` (Circular shift N / 4) Step DET3: The receiver receives signal `Y` and calculates its correlation with the three candidate reference sequences: - `C0 = |sum(Y .* conj(P_ref0))|` - `C1 = |sum(Y .* conj(P_ref1))|` - `C2 = |sum(Y .* conj(P_ref2))|` Step DET4: Compare the three relevant values ​​and select the candidate sequence corresponding to the maximum value: ``` C_max = max(C0, C1, C2) detected_shift = argmax(C0, C1, C2) ``` Step DET5: If `C_max` exceeds the preset threshold `γ` (this threshold is configured according to channel conditions and target detection probability), then detection is considered successful, and the modulation scheme is determined based on `detected_shift`. - If `detected_shift = 0`, then the modulation scheme is QPSK. - If `detected_shift = N / 2`, then the modulation scheme is BPSK. - If `detected_shift = N / 4`, then the modulation scheme is BPSK + repetition. Step DET6: If `C_max` is lower than the threshold `γ`, the detection is deemed to have failed, triggering a retransmission or backoff mechanism.

[0131] The advantages of this blind detection method are: the receiver can determine the modulation scheme without any prior information; all reference sequences required for detection are independently generated by the DSF, without the need for additional signaling interaction; correlation operations can be efficiently implemented using the Fast Fourier Transform; and the detection delay can be controlled in the microsecond range.

[0132] 6.3 Binding of Modulation Mode and DSF Modulation mode selection is based on the time-varying state of the DSF and the channel quality history, with the modulation mode index calculated using a cryptographic hash function. Specifically, the time-varying state and the channel quality history are concatenated and used as input to the hash function. The first two bits of the output value are then taken modulo 3 to obtain the modulation mode index. This ensures cryptographic randomness in modulation mode selection, enhancing resistance to analysis. The channel quality history, quantized from the N most recent channel quality measurements, ensures the stability and continuity of modulation mode selection.

[0133] 6.4 Multi-dimensional information reuse in pilot bands In this invention, the pilot band carries two types of information simultaneously: explicit control information (such as TA adjustment commands, power control commands, measurement report frames, etc.) carried through modulation, and auxiliary status information (such as event trigger types) implicitly indicated through cyclic shifting. These two types of information coexist in the same pilot band, forming multi-dimensional multiplexing.

[0134] 6.4.1 Hierarchical Relationship of Information The information carried by the pilot band has a clear hierarchical relationship: - First layer (explicit control information): The complete control frame carried by BPSK / QPSK modulation, including frame header, control data, authentication tag, etc. This layer determines the main purpose and specific command content of this transmission.

[0135] - Second layer (implicit auxiliary information): Additional status information carried through cyclic shifts of the pilot sequence, such as measurement report event type, emergency indication, etc. This layer provides an additional dimension of information without adding any overhead.

[0136] 6.4.2 Reuse Rules When both explicit control information and implicit auxiliary information need to be transmitted simultaneously, the following multiplexing rules shall be followed: Rule 1: Uniform Cyclic Shift. Regardless of the type of explicit control information (TA adjustment, power control, measurement reports, etc.), the same cyclic shift value is used to implicitly indicate auxiliary information. That is, a uniform cyclic shift is used throughout the pilot band, and this shift value applies to all subcarriers.

[0137] Rule 2: Independent Information Analysis. The receiver first determines the cyclic shift value through blind detection and analyzes the implicit auxiliary information (such as event type); then, based on the detected cyclic shift value, it de-cyclic shifts the received signal to recover the standard pilot sequence, and then demodulates the explicit control information.

[0138] Rule 3: Priority Processing. When there is a potential conflict between implicit auxiliary information and explicit control information, the explicit control information takes precedence. For example, if the implicit cyclic shift indicator is event A3, but the explicit control frame type is TA adjustment command, the receiver will prioritize processing the TA adjustment command, with the implicit event information serving as an auxiliary reference.

[0139] 6.4.3 Specific Implementation Example Example 1: TA adjustment command simultaneously carries measurement report event The transmitting end needs to send a TA adjustment command (explicit control information) and simultaneously report the A3 event trigger (implicit auxiliary information). The transmitting end constructs a TA adjustment frame, sets the frame header to 0b0010, and fills it with TA adjustment data. At the same time, it cyclically shifts the pilot sequence by N / 4 (corresponding to the A3 event). The transmitted signal is: ``` P_tx = circshift(P_base, N / 4) S_tx = P_tx × mod(TA_frame) ``` Receiver processing flow: 1. Blindly detect the cyclic shift value, detect N / 4, and parse out "A3 event triggered"; 2. Perform reverse cyclic shift on the received signal to recover the standard pilot sequence; 3. Demodulate the TA adjustment frame and perform TA adjustment; 4. Use A3 event information as an auxiliary input for mobility monitoring.

[0140] Example 2: Measurement report frame also carries beam failure indication The transmitter needs to send a measurement report frame (explicit control information) and also report beam failure (implicit auxiliary information). The transmitter constructs a measurement report frame with a header set to 0b0101 and fills in data such as RSRP / RSRQ / CQI. Simultaneously, the pilot sequence is cyclically shifted by 3N / 4 (corresponding to beam failure). The transmitted signal is: ``` P_tx = circshift(P_base, 3N / 4) S_tx = P_tx × mod(MR_frame) ``` Receiver processing flow: 1. Blindly detecting the cyclic shift value, 3N / 4 was detected, and "beam failure" was identified. 2. Perform reverse cyclic shift on the received signal to recover the standard pilot sequence; 3. Demodulate the measurement report frame to obtain detailed measurement data; 4. Treat beam failure information as an emergency event and trigger a rapid recovery process.

[0141] 6.4.4 Independence of Cyclic Shift Values ​​and Explicit Control Information The detection of cyclic shift values ​​and the demodulation of explicit control information are two independent processes that do not interfere with each other. - The detection of cyclic shift values ​​is based on the correlation characteristics of the pilot sequence, and depends only on the cyclic shift amount, regardless of the control information bits modulated on it; - The demodulation of explicit control information is based on the operation of the received signal and the recovered standard pilot sequence, and is independent of the original cyclic shift value (because it has been reversed).

[0142] This independence ensures the reliability and robustness of multi-dimensional information reuse.

[0143] 6.4.5 Relationship with other implicit indication methods Other implicit indication methods also exist in this invention, such as the implicit transmission of measurement reports (Section 3.4), which directly uses cyclic shifting instead of explicit reporting. The relationship between these applications and the reuse mechanism in this section is as follows: - Alternative mode (as in Section 3.4): Completely replace explicit reporting with cyclic shift, without sending explicit control frames, suitable for emergency events or resource-constrained scenarios; - Enhanced Mode (this section): Cyclic shift, as a supplement to explicit control frames, provides additional information dimensions and is suitable for scenarios that require detailed control information as well as rapid status indication.

[0144] The two modes can be dynamically selected based on business needs, and are determined through system configuration parameters.

[0145] VII. Multiplexing and Prioritization of Control Signaling Multiplexing of control signaling involves the joint transmission of Type II control signaling. Pilot bearer patents do not cover this; this invention defines for the first time a composite control frame structure and priority processing mechanism, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0146] 7.1 Composite Control Frame Structure The composite control frame consists of the following fields: the frame header field is set to a specific value to identify the composite control frame; the control signaling quantity field is 4 bits to indicate the number of control signals contained; the control signaling list is of variable length, with each control signaling encapsulated in TLV format; the authentication tag field is 16 bits, which is the truncation value of the message authentication code for the entire composite frame; and the empty frame identifier field is 1 bit to indicate a valid frame.

[0147] Each control signaling message's TLV format includes a type field, a length field, and a value field. The type field identifies the control signaling type, the length field indicates the length of the value field, and the value field carries the specific control information.

[0148] 7.2 Priority Definition and Preemption Mechanism This invention defines the following priority levels: Priority level 1 is the highest, including beam failure recovery and emergency TA adjustments, which require immediate processing and can interrupt the current transmission. Priority level 2 includes handover commands and A3 event measurement reports, which can preempt lower-priority signaling. Priority level 3 includes power control and A2 and A4 event measurement reports, which are of medium priority. Priority level 4 includes periodic measurement reports, which are of low priority. Priority level 5 is the lowest, including scheduling requests, which can be processed with a delay.

[0149] The priority preemption algorithm is as follows: When a new control signaling arrives and needs to be sent, check the lowest priority in the currently constructed composite frame. If the priority of the new signaling is higher than the lowest priority of the current frame, discard the low-priority signaling in the current frame, add the new signaling to the current frame, and reconstruct the frame. Otherwise, place the new signaling in the buffer to wait for the next frame to be sent.

[0150] 7.3 Integration with DSF The timing of composite control frame transmission is still determined by the logical decision time of the DSF. Upon reaching the logical decision time, the terminal or base station checks the queue of control signaling to be transmitted and selects signaling according to priority to construct the composite frame. The authentication tag of the composite frame uses the time-varying state of the DSF as cryptographic input to ensure frame integrity and tamper resistance.

[0151] VIII. Beneficial Effects Compared with existing technologies and prior patents, the present invention brings the following significant and synergistic beneficial effects: First, clearly distinguish between the two types of control signaling. Clearly define the zero-signaling parameters that can be independently generated by DSF and the dynamic control information that must be transmitted through pilot frames to avoid confusion in system design and achieve the coordinated use of the two types of control signaling.

[0152] Second, it completely fills the gap in pilot frame carrying patents. The newly added pilot frame carrying method for measurement reports enables the system to have complete mobility management capabilities; the closed-loop process of power control and TA adjustment is fully defined, making control signaling operable and implementable; the newly added modulation mode adaptive mechanism improves spectrum efficiency and link reliability; the newly added multi-signaling multiplexing and priority processing support complex control scenarios; and the newly added hybrid frame structure design breaks through the limitation of low-order modulation on peak rate.

[0153] Third, deep integration with parameter generation patents. The control information transmitted in the pilot frames is used in conjunction with the zero-signaling parameters independently generated by the DSF to jointly form a complete physical layer control system. The first type of parameters provides the physical layer foundation for the transmission of the second type of parameters, while the second type of parameters provides feedback for the dynamic adjustment of the first type of parameters.

[0154] Fourth, the performance gain is significant and strongly correlated with the configurable logic clock of rule B.

[0155] When rule B (hash chain driven rule) is adopted and the logical tick `T_update` is configured to 0.125 milliseconds, this invention brings the following quantization performance gains: - Control signaling transmission latency: reduced from approximately 0.5 milliseconds in traditional schemes to 0.05 milliseconds, a 90% reduction. This gain stems from full-stack physical layer encryption and joint channel estimation, eliminating the need for inter-layer protocol stack transmission.

[0156] - Control signaling overhead: Reduced from approximately 3200 bits per switch in traditional schemes to 0 bits, multiplexing security pilots to transmit control information, eliminating the need for a separate control channel.

[0157] - Measurement report reporting latency: reduced from 5 to 10 milliseconds in traditional solutions to 0.1 milliseconds, an improvement of 50 to 100 times. The terminal can check the triggering condition at each logical decision moment (every 0.125 milliseconds), and report immediately at the next `T_UL` moment after the event is triggered.

[0158] - Power control closed-loop response time: reduced from approximately 1 millisecond in the traditional solution to 0.125 milliseconds, an 8-fold improvement. The base station can calculate the adjustment amount and issue commands at each logical decision moment, and the terminal receives and executes them at the next `T_DL` moment.

[0159] - Peak rate of hybrid frame structure: When using the 0.125 ms clock of rule B, the peak rate under QPSK modulation reaches 192 kbps; if 16QAM is used in the data segment, the peak rate can be further increased to 768 kbps, which is 5 to 10 times higher than the traditional scheme.

[0160] If the logic tick is configured to a shorter value (e.g., 0.0625 milliseconds), the aforementioned gain can be further improved; if configured to a longer value (e.g., 1 millisecond), the gain will decrease accordingly, but energy efficiency will improve. This configurable trade-off between performance and energy efficiency is one of the core advantages of the framework of this invention.

[0161] Fifth, it is compatible with 5G / 6G standards. The measurement reporting events defined in this invention are compatible with 3GPP standards; the TA adjustment accuracy meets 3GPP technical requirements; and it can be smoothly integrated into existing new air interface frameworks as an enhancement feature.

[0162] Sixth, inherent security guarantees. All control signaling generation and transmission are based on the time-varying state of the DSF, providing forward security and resistance to replay attacks. A dynamic key refresh mechanism is employed, with the key refresh rate depending on the rule type and its configuration parameters. - When rule B (hash chain driven rule) is adopted and the logical tick `T_update` is configured to 0.125 milliseconds, the key refresh rate can reach 8000 times / second, exceeding the response limit of quantum computing; - When rule B is used and `T_update` is configured to 0.5 milliseconds, the key refresh rate is 2000 times / second; - When rule C (Logical Era Driven Rule) is used, the key refresh rate is determined by `T_logical` and can be configured to a lower rate to optimize energy efficiency.

[0163] Authentication tags ensure frame integrity and tamper-proofing; all control frames contain a message authentication code calculated based on time-varying states. IX. Description of Attached Drawings Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the two types of control signaling architecture based on DSF of the present invention.

[0165] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and triggering mechanism of the measurement report control pilot frame.

[0166] Figure 3 This is a power control closed-loop flowchart.

[0167] Figure 4 This is the TA adjusting the closed-loop flowchart.

[0168] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the modulation method adaptation and implicit indication method.

[0169] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of multiple control signaling multiplexing and priority processing.

[0170] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid frame structure.

[0171] Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the user equipment functional modules for implementing the method of the present invention.

[0172] Figure 9 This is a block diagram of the functional modules of the network device that implements the method of the present invention. 10. Detailed Implementation Methods 10.1 Example 1: Cooperative use of two types of control signaling In the smart factory scenario, the automated guided vehicle (AGV) is equipped with DSF triples, adopts hash chain-driven rules, and has a logical decision cycle of 0.5 milliseconds. The initial anchor point is set to system frame number 1024 and time slot number 0, and both parties agree to start the state machine at this moment.

[0174] When the physical timeline reaches the designated system frame number and timeslot number, both the automated guided vehicle (AGV) and the base station simultaneously activate their logic state machines, setting their logic counters to 0 and the initial hash chain state to the initial seed. Thereafter, every 0.5 milliseconds, both parties increment their logic counters by 1 and calculate a new hash chain state based on the security key and the previous state. The logical timeline operates independently of the physical timeline, and both parties maintain logical state synchronization at all times.

[0175] At a certain logical decision point, the automated guided vehicle (AGV) needs to send uplink data. At this time, the logical state is the current hash chain state. The AGV reads its local physical clock to obtain the current system frame number and timeslot number, recording this as the unified anchor point time.

[0176] The automated guided vehicle generates Type I zero signaling parameters based on the security key and the current logical state, including the uplink pilot sequence, resource block location, and HARQ process number.

[0177] Simultaneously, the automated guided vehicle detected a decline in the serving cell signal quality, meeting the A2 event trigger conditions, and needed to report a measurement report. The measured values ​​were: reference signal received power -105 dB / mW, reference signal received quality -12 dB, and channel quality indication 8.

[0178] The measured values ​​are quantified as follows: the reference signal received power index value is obtained by adding 140 to the measured value and then rounding down to get 35; the reference signal received quality index value is obtained by adding 19.5 to the measured value, dividing by 0.5, and then rounding down to get 15; the channel quality indication index value is 8.

[0179] A measurement report frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state. The frame header is set to the measurement report type, the type field is set to A2 event, the quantized measurement value is filled in, and the authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function.

[0180] The automated guided vehicle calculates the uplink transmission time based on the unified anchor point time and the uplink fixed offset of 0.5 milliseconds, and at that time, it modulates the measurement report frame onto the previously generated uplink pilot sequence and transmits it.

[0181] Based on the same DSF, the base station uses the same pilot sequence for joint demodulation at the same uplink transmission time to recover the measurement report frame, verify the authentication tag, and parse out the reference signal received power, reference signal received quality, and channel quality indication for mobility decision-making.

[0182] 10.2 Example 2: Power Control Closed Loop In the context of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) scenarios, when vehicles travel at a speed of 120 kilometers per hour, base stations need to quickly adjust the terminal's transmission power to cope with channel changes.

[0183] The base station receives the uplink signal from the terminal. The measured actual received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 8 dB, and the target SNR is 12 dB. The calculated power adjustment is +4 dB. Dividing the adjustment by a 0.5 dB step size and rounding it off gives a step size of 8. Since the step size is greater than or equal to 0, the adjustment direction is increasing. The step size of 8 is within the range of 0-15 and does not need to be truncated.

[0184] At the logical decision-making moment of the base station, a power control frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state, and the current power level is 3, the adjustment direction is increased, and the step number is 8. The authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function.

[0185] The base station calculates the downlink transmission time based on the unified anchor point time and the downlink fixed offset of 0.25 milliseconds, and transmits the power control frame at that time.

[0186] The terminal listens at the expected downlink transmission time, demodulates the power control frame using the downlink pilot sequence independently generated by DSF, verifies the authentication tag, parses the adjustment direction and step number, calculates the power adjustment amount as +4 dB, and increases the transmit power by 4 dB.

[0187] 10.3 Example 3: TA Adjustment Closed Loop In satellite communication scenarios, terminal movement causes changes in propagation delay, requiring adjustments to timing advance.

[0188] The base station measures the arrival time of the uplink signal from the terminal, with a desired deviation of +350 nanoseconds from the actual time. Since the absolute value of the deviation, 350 nanoseconds, is less than 1 microsecond, a step size of 0.01 microseconds is chosen. Dividing the deviation by 0.01 microseconds yields 35, which represents the advance direction. The step size 35 is within the range of 0-63 and does not require truncation.

[0189] At the logical decision-making moment of the base station, a TA adjustment frame is constructed based on the current DSF time-varying state, with the precision field set to 0.01 microsecond steps, the direction field set to advance, and the step field set to 35. The authentication tag is calculated using the message authentication code function.

[0190] The base station calculates the downlink transmission time based on the unified anchor point time and the downlink fixed offset, and sends the TA adjustment frame at that time.

[0191] The terminal listens at the expected downlink transmission time, demodulates the TA adjustment frame using the downlink pilot sequence independently generated by DSF, verifies the authentication tag, parses the precision, direction and step number, calculates the timing adjustment amount as +0.35 microseconds, and updates the timing advance.

[0192] 10.4 Example 4: Adaptive Modulation When the terminal enters the tunnel, the signal-to-noise ratio drops to 8 dB, requiring a switch to BPSK with repetitive coding mode.

[0193] The terminal measures the current signal-to-noise ratio to be 8 dB. Based on the modulation scheme selection logic, the BPSK plus repetition coding mode should be selected. The terminal cyclically shifts the safety pilot sequence by one-quarter of its length and modulates the control frame onto the cyclically shifted pilot sequence before transmission.

[0194] The base station performs blind detection, sequentially trying three cases: a cyclic shift value of 0, half the sequence length, and one-quarter of the sequence length, calculating the correlation between the received signal and the locally generated pilot sequence. When the cyclic shift value is detected as one-quarter of the sequence length, the correlation is highest and exceeds a preset threshold, confirming the modulation scheme as BPSK with repetitive coding, and the control frame is correctly demodulated.

[0195] 10.5 Example 5: Multiple Control Signaling Multiplexing The terminal needs to report both the A3 event measurement report and the power control feedback. The former has the second priority and the latter has the third priority.

[0196] The terminal performs a priority comparison. The second priority level of the A3 event is higher than the third priority level of power control. The measurement report is retained, and the power control signaling is placed in the buffer to wait for the next frame to be sent.

[0197] A composite frame is constructed, with the frame header set to composite frame type, the number of control signaling messages set to 1, and the control signaling message being a measurement report, encapsulated using a type-length-value format. The authentication tag for the entire composite frame is calculated. The terminal sends the composite frame, and the base station unpacks it and processes each control signaling message separately.

[0198] 10.6 Example 6: Hybrid Frame Transmission The terminal needs to transmit 32 bytes of user data and also needs to report an A3 event measurement report.

[0199] The terminal constructs a hybrid frame: the pilot band uses BPSK modulation to carry the cross-propagation pilot sequence and measurement report; the data band uses 16QAM modulation to carry 32 bytes of encrypted user data; the guard interval is located between the pilot band and the data band and has a length of 2 OFDM symbols.

[0200] The terminal transmits a hybrid frame during the uplink transmission time. After receiving the frame, the base station first uses the pilot band to perform channel estimation and obtain the channel response; then it demodulates the measurement report from the pilot band to obtain the data segment modulation scheme as 16QAM; finally, it uses the channel response and 16QAM to demodulate the data segment and recover 32 bytes of user data.

[0201] XI. Systems and Apparatus for Implementing the Invention 11.1 Communication Equipment A communication device for implementing the method of the present invention is characterized by comprising a processor, a memory, a transceiver, and a security element, wherein the processor is configured to execute a program to implement the following functional modules: The DSF synchronization module is used to synchronize the Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF) with the network side and maintain the triple `(K_sec,Init_Anchor, Rule_ID)`.

[0202] The protocol state machine engine is used to independently run the local protocol security state machine based on the `Rule_ID` to obtain a consistent time-varying state `S(t)` that is decoupled from the physical layer timing.

[0203] The timing mapping module is used to map the logical moment to a unified anchor moment `T_anchor` on the physical time axis at the logical decision moment, and to determine the transmission or reception moment of the physical layer signal based on a pre-configured fixed offset.

[0204] The first type of parameter generation module is used to generate zero signaling parameters based on the security key `K_sec` and the time-varying state `S(t)`, including at least one of the following: pilot sequence, resource location, HARQ process number, beam identifier, time slot format indicator, power fine-tuning amount, and antenna port number.

[0205] The second type of control frame construction module is used to construct control pilot frames, which include at least one of the following: measurement report frame, power control frame, timing advance adjustment frame, switching command frame, and composite control frame.

[0206] The security encryption module is used to derive a time-slot key based on the time-varying state, encrypt user data using a post-quantum cryptography algorithm, and calculate a message authentication code to provide integrity protection.

[0207] The physical layer transceiver module is used to modulate control frames onto a security pilot sequence, transmit or receive signals at a defined physical layer time, and perform joint channel estimation and data demodulation.

[0208] 11.2 Network Equipment A network device for implementing the method of the present invention includes a base station, a satellite, or an access point, characterized in that it includes a processor, a memory, a transceiver, and a network interface, wherein the processor is configured to execute a program to implement the following functional modules: The DSF management module is used to generate, authorize, store, and update user DSF triples `(K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID)`.

[0209] The protocol state machine engine is used to maintain a protocol security state machine synchronized with each user, and supports three state transition rules: Rule A, Rule B, and Rule C.

[0210] The timing reference module is used to maintain a unified anchor point time and calculate the downlink transmission time and uplink reception time.

[0211] The measurement and calculation module is used to measure the received signal-to-noise ratio and arrival time of the terminal's uplink signal, and to calculate the power adjustment amount and timing advance adjustment amount.

[0212] The control frame processing module is used to construct downlink control frames and parse uplink control frames.

[0213] The resource scheduling module is used to independently generate zero signaling parameters based on DSF, including pilot sequences and resource locations.

[0214] The security encryption module is used to derive time slot keys, encrypt downlink data, and verify message authentication codes.

[0215] The physical layer transceiver module is used to send and receive signals.

[0216] 11.3 User Equipment A user equipment implementing the method of the present invention is characterized by comprising a processor, a memory, a transceiver, and a security element, wherein the processor is configured to execute a program to implement the following functional modules: The DSF synchronization module is used to synchronize DSF with the network side and maintain local DSF triples.

[0217] The protocol state machine engine is used to run the protocol security state machine independently and obtain the time-varying state `S(t)`.

[0218] The timing mapping module is used to determine the unified anchor point time `T_anchor` at the logical decision time and to calculate the uplink transmission time and downlink listening time.

[0219] The measurement report module is used to generate measurement reports based on trigger conditions, quantize RSRP, RSRQ, and CQI, and construct measurement report frames.

[0220] The power control module is used to receive and parse power control frames and adjust the transmission power.

[0221] The TA adjustment module is used to receive and parse TA adjustment frames and update the timing advance.

[0222] The modulation adaptive module is used to select the modulation mode according to the channel quality, and implicitly indicates the modulation mode by cyclically shifting the pilot sequence.

[0223] The composite frame processing module is used to construct and parse composite control frames, and to handle multiple signaling multiplexing and prioritization.

[0224] The security encryption module is used to derive time slot keys, encrypt uplink data, and verify message authentication codes.

[0225] The physical layer transceiver module is used to send and receive signals, and to perform joint channel estimation and data demodulation.

[0226] 11.4 Wireless Communication System A wireless communication system is characterized by comprising at least one network device as described in 11.2 and at least one user equipment as described in 11.3. The system is characterized in that the generation, transmission, and processing of its physical layer control signaling are all collaboratively controlled by a protocol security state machine driven by the Dynamic Security Foundation (DSF) and the method described in this invention, forming a complete physical layer control system with zero signaling, intrinsic security, adaptive modulation, and multiple signaling multiplexing capabilities.

[0227] XII. Industrial Applicability This invention can be widely applied to all wireless communication scenarios that require efficient physical layer control signaling transmission, including but not limited to industrial IoT scenarios, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) scenarios, satellite communication scenarios, smart grid scenarios, and military communication scenarios.

[0228] XIII. Scope of Protection of this Invention The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0229] Specifically, the zero signaling generation method for the first type of control signaling, the pilot frame transmission method for the second type of control signaling, the decoupling mechanism between the logical time axis and the physical time axis, the construction of a timing chain with unified anchor point time and dual fixed offset, the frame structure and triggering mechanism of the measurement report, the closed-loop process of power control, the closed-loop process of TA adjustment, the modulation mode adaptation and implicit indication, the multiplexing and priority processing of multiple signaling, the hybrid frame structure design, and various variations, combinations and evolutions derived from the above mechanisms, all fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A physical layer control signaling transmission method based on dynamic security foundation, characterized in that, include: The two communicating parties synchronize a dynamic security foundation DSF, which is uniquely determined by a triple `(K_sec, Init_Anchor, Rule_ID)`, where `K_sec` is the security key, `Init_Anchor` is the initial anchor point of the state machine, and `Rule_ID` is the identifier of the state transition rule; Both communicating parties independently run their local protocol security state machines based on the `Rule_ID` to obtain a consistent time-varying state `S(t)`; At the logical decision moment, the logical moment is mapped to a unified anchor moment `T_anchor` on the physical time axis; The timing of physical layer signal transmission or reception is determined based on `T_anchor` and a fixed offset; Physical layer control signaling is generated based on `K_sec` and `S(t)`, modulated onto a security pilot sequence to form a control pilot frame, and then transmitted.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The logical decision point is periodically reached by the state transition rule defined by `Rule_ID`, regardless of whether the physical layer has data transmission requirements; the `Init_Anchor` is the first association point between the logical time axis and the physical time axis, selected from at least one of the following forms: Absolute physical time anchor, counter value plus effective time anchor, hash chain seed anchor, logical epoch anchor, relative offset anchor, event trigger anchor.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mapping between the logical decision moment and the physical time axis includes: when the logical decision moment arrives, both communicating parties query the local physical clock to obtain a unified anchor moment `T_anchor`; after determining `T_anchor`, the logical time axis and the physical time axis are decoupled again, and the logical state machine continues to evolve independently.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical layer signal transmission or reception timing satisfies: `T_DL = T_anchor + Δ_dl`, `T_UL = T_anchor + Δ_ul`, and `Δ_ul - Δ_dl` is greater than or equal to the worst-case processing time of the terminal.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical layer control signaling includes Type I and Type II control signaling: The first category consists of zero signaling parameters generated independently by DSF, including at least one of the following: pilot sequence, resource location, HARQ process number, beam identifier, time slot format indication, power fine-tuning amount, and antenna port number. The second category is dynamic control information transmitted via pilot frames, including at least one of measurement reports, power control commands, timing advance adjustment commands, switching commands, and scheduling requests.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame header field of the control pilot frame identifies the frame type, and the frame type includes: Data frames carry only user data; Control frames carry only control signaling, and their header values ​​correspond to TA adjustment, power control, switching commands, or measurement reports. Composite frames carry both user data and control signaling. Empty frames are sent when there is no data or control signaling to maintain synchronization.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The composite frame includes a frame header field, a control signaling quantity field, a control signaling list encapsulated in TLV format, a data field, and an authentication tag field.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a method for carrying pilot frames for measurement reports, wherein the measurement report frame includes a frame header field, a type field, an RSRP field, an RSRQ field, a CQI field, and an authentication tag field; the type field identifies periodic reporting, A3 event, A4 event, A2 event, A5 event, or beam failure detection.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The closed-loop process of the measurement report includes: at the logical decision moment, the terminal determines whether to report based on the triggering condition, quantifies the measurement value, constructs a measurement report frame based on the current `S(t)`, and sends it at the `T_UL` time; the base station demodulates and recovers the data using the paired pilot sequence at the expected time.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an implicit transmission method for measurement reports, which implicitly carries event information through cyclic shifting of pilot sequences, and the receiving end determines the event type by blindly detecting the cyclic shift value.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a closed-loop implementation method for power control, wherein the power control frame includes a frame header field, a power level field, a symbol field, a step field, and an authentication tag field; the closed-loop process includes the base station measuring, calculating, and quantizing the adjustment amount, constructing a frame at the logical decision moment and sending it in `T_DL`, and the terminal receiving, parsing, and updating the transmit power.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a closed-loop implementation method for timing advance adjustment, wherein the TA adjustment frame includes a frame header field, a precision field, a symbol field, a step field, and an authentication tag field; the closed-loop process includes the base station measuring and quantizing the time deviation, constructing a frame at the logical decision moment and sending it in `T_DL`, and the terminal receiving, parsing, and updating the timing advance.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a modulation mode adaptive mechanism, which implicitly indicates the modulation mode through the cyclic shift of the safety pilot sequence: the first cyclic shift value indicates the first modulation mode, the second cyclic shift value indicates the second modulation mode, and the third cyclic shift value indicates the third modulation mode; the transmitting end performs corresponding cyclic shifts on the pilot sequence according to the selected modulation mode.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The blind detection includes: generating a standard pilot sequence `P_base` based on DSF, applying different cyclic shifts to generate candidate reference sequences, calculating the correlation value between the received signal and each candidate sequence, selecting the sequence corresponding to the maximum correlation value, and determining the modulation method based on the detected cyclic shift if the threshold is exceeded.

15. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The pilot band carries both explicit control information and auxiliary information implicitly indicated by cyclic shift. The receiver first determines the cyclic shift value and parses the auxiliary information through blind detection, and then demodulates the explicit control information after de-cyclic shifting the received signal. The detection of the cyclic shift value and the demodulation of the explicit control information are two independent processes.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, It includes two application modes: the replacement mode completely replaces explicit reporting with cyclic shifting, and the enhancement mode uses cyclic shifting as a supplement to explicit control frames; the two modes are dynamically selected according to business needs.

17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hybrid frame structure, wherein the hybrid frame includes a pilot segment using low-order modulation and a data segment using variable modulation; the pilot segment carries pilot sequences and control signaling, which are used for channel estimation and control information demodulation; the data segment carries user data, and its modulation mode is dynamically indicated by the control information demodulated from the pilot segment.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the multiplexing and priority processing of multiple control signaling, including defining the priority levels of different control signaling, selecting signaling in priority order to construct composite frames at the time of logical decision-making, and performing preemption when the priority of a new signaling is higher than the lowest priority of the current frame.

19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peak rate satisfies \(R = \log_2(M) \timesN / T_{\text{dsf}}\), where \(M\) is the modulation order, \(N\) is the number of symbols per frame, and \(T_{\text{dsf}}\) is the logic decision period.

20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The key refresh rate is related to the rule type and its configuration parameters: when rule B is used and the logical tick is configured to the first value, the rate is the first rate; when configured to the second value, the rate is the second rate; when rule C is used, the rate is determined by the logical tick.

21. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the program to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.

22. A network device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the program to implement the steps performed by the network side in the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.

23. A user equipment, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the program to implement the steps performed by the terminal side in the method of any one of claims 1 to 20.

24. A wireless communication system, characterized in that, This includes the network equipment as described in claim 22 and the user equipment as described in claim 23.

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