Seedling raising management method for improving seedling effect of diannan yam

Abstract

The application provides a seedling raising management method for improving the seedling effect of Polygonatum franchetii, and relates to the technical field of artificial seedling raising of Polygonatum franchetii. The management method is as follows: liquid compound fertilizer is prepared by using calcium superphosphate, alginic acid, cassava fermentation material and naphthaleneacetic acid; leaf fertilizer is prepared by using potassium dihydrogen phosphate, acid-treated cassava extract and zinc sulfate for post-emergence fertilization management of Polygonatum franchetii, wherein the cassava fermentation material is obtained by fermenting cooked cassava by using pink spiral sporodochium and then alcohol extraction, the acid-treated cassava extract is obtained by adding acid to cassava to grind into a slurry and stirring for extraction, and then the pH is adjusted to neutral, and the slurry is squeezed, filtered, concentrated, and freeze-dried. The application overcomes the defects of the prior art, effectively promotes the growth of seedlings by setting different fertilization and leaf fertilizer for the post-emergence Polygonatum franchetii, and obtains seedling with good growth condition in a short time, thereby comprehensively improving the seedling raising efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of artificial seedling cultivation technology of Polygonatum yunnanense, specifically to a seedling management method for improving the seedling vigor of Polygonatum yunnanense. Background Technology

[0002] Yunnan Polygonatum is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Polygonatum in the family Asparagaceae. It is a traditional Chinese medicine from Yunnan Province and is rich in polysaccharides, steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and other active ingredients. It has the effects of tonifying qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and moistening the lungs, and benefiting the kidneys. Currently, wild resources of Yunnan Polygonatum can no longer meet market demand, and artificial cultivation has become an important channel for its production.

[0003] Artificial cultivation of Polygonatum yunnanense mainly includes tissue culture and sowing. Tissue culture has high overall efficiency, but it requires high levels of expertise and has high costs, making it less universally applicable. Sowing, on the other hand, takes longer to produce seedlings, but has lower overall costs and is simpler to operate, making it suitable for growers to cultivate and produce on their own.

[0004] Because the seeds of Polygonatum yunnanense have physiological dormancy characteristics, the germination rate is low and the emergence is slow under natural conditions. Therefore, the main research direction for the artificial seedling cultivation of Polygonatum yunnanense at present is to improve the emergence rate and shorten the emergence time. However, the seedling cultivation time of Polygonatum yunnanense itself is also relatively long, usually more than a year, to obtain seedlings with good growth. The overall time cost is high. Based on this, how to improve the seedling vigor rate of Polygonatum yunnanense in a shorter seedling time is also an important research direction at present. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a seedling management method to improve the seedling vigor of Polygonatum yunnanense. By setting different supplementary fertilizers and foliar fertilizers for Polygonatum yunnanense after emergence, the growth of seedlings is effectively promoted, and seedlings with good growth conditions are obtained in a shorter period of time, thereby comprehensively improving the efficiency of seedling cultivation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A seedling management method for improving the seedling vigor of *Yunnan yellowii* seedlings, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare liquid compound fertilizer according to the following formula: superphosphate 2-4g / L, alginic acid 1.2-1.5g / L, cassava fermentation material 12-15mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0-3.0mg / L; the cassava fermentation material is obtained by cooking cassava, fermenting it with *Polyspora pinkis*, and then extracting it with alcohol. S2. After the emergence of Polygonatum yunnanense seedlings, apply liquid compound fertilizer to the roots for three consecutive days, with a daily application rate of 60-80 kg / mu. S3. Prepare foliar fertilizer according to the following formula: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 g / L, acid-treated cassava extract 80-120 mg / L, zinc sulfate 15-30 mg / L; the acid-treated cassava extract is obtained by grinding cassava into a slurry with acid solution, stirring and extracting for 1-2 hours, adjusting the pH to neutral, pressing and filtering, concentrating the filtrate and freeze-drying; and the acid solution is a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 3.5-4. S4. Apply foliar fertilizer for the first time 40-60 days after emergence, and then apply foliar fertilizer every 20-60 days thereafter. S5. Apply liquid compound fertilizer once 3-5 months after the emergence of Yunnan Polygonatum seedlings. The method of application is to directly irrigate the roots with 200-220 kg / mu of liquid compound fertilizer.

[0007] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the cassava fermentation material includes the following steps: S1-1. Slice fresh cassava and cook it until tender. Then add 3-5 times the volume of water and grind it into a paste to obtain cooked cassava paste for later use. S1-2. Inoculate cooked cassava pulp with 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of cooked cassava pulp and ferment for 2-4 days. Then add ethanol solution and adjust the ethanol concentration to 70%-80%. Stir and extract for 30-50 minutes, then press and filter. Repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 70%-80% ethanol solution 2-3 times. Combine the filtrates for later use. S1-3. The combined filtrate is first removed by rotary evaporation to remove ethanol, and then freeze-dried to obtain cassava fermentation material.

[0008] Preferably, the stirring extraction in step S1-2 is carried out at a water bath temperature of 40-45℃ and a rotation speed of 120-400 r / min.

[0009] Preferably, the root irrigation treatment in step S2 is performed between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm every day.

[0010] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the acid-treated cassava extract in step S3 includes the following steps: S3-1. Prepare a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 3.5-4. Add the cassava to twice the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution and grind it into a slurry to obtain an acid-treated slurry. S3-2. The acid-treated slurry is treated with stirring at 120-600 r / min for 1-2 hours, then the pH is adjusted to neutral, pressed and filtered, the filtrate is concentrated to 1 / 3-1 / 5 of the original volume, and then freeze-dried to obtain cassava extract.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time is based on ensuring that the leaves are moist and do not drip.

[0012] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in step S4 is applied between 5 and 8 a.m., avoiding rainy days.

[0013] Preferably, the time between applying liquid compound fertilizer in step S5 and applying foliar fertilizer is at least 3 days, and the specific time for fertilization is between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm.

[0014] Preferably, manual weeding is carried out every 2-3 months after the emergence of Polygonatum yunnanense seedlings.

[0015] This invention provides a seedling management method to improve the seedling quality of Dianhuang seedlings, which has the following advantages compared with existing technologies: This invention involves applying a liquid compound fertilizer containing superphosphate, alginic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, and fermented cassava material in multiple applications after the emergence of Polygonatum yunnanense seedlings. A single application of this liquid compound fertilizer 3-5 months after emergence further promotes tuber growth and enhances root elongation. Subsequently, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, acid-treated cassava extract, and zinc sulfate are used as foliar fertilizers to further promote tuber growth and increase seedling height. Overall, this method achieves early and robust seedling emergence, shortening the overall seedling time. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram comparing the growth of seedlings in experimental fields 1, 2, and 3 on February 1, 2026, in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the growth of seedlings in experimental fields 3 and 4 on February 1, 2026, in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the growth of seedlings in experimental fields 4, 5, 6 and 7 on February 1, 2026, in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The pink spiral polyspora used in the following examples was purchased from Wuhan Huana Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Example 1: I. Raw material preparation: 1. Fermentation material A: (1) After slicing fresh cassava, boil it in boiling water for 30 minutes, then take it out and add 4 times the volume of water to grind it into a paste to obtain cooked cassava paste for later use. (2) Inoculate cooked cassava pulp with 0.2% of the total mass of cooked cassava pulp and ferment for 3 days. Then add ethanol solution and adjust the ethanol concentration to 75%. Extract by stirring at 200 r / min for 40 min at 45℃ water bath temperature. Press and filter. Repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 75% ethanol solution twice. Combine the filtrates for later use. (3) The combined filtrate was first removed by rotary evaporation and then freeze-dried to obtain fermentation material A.

[0020] 2. Fermentation material B: (1) Grind fresh cassava into a paste with 4 times its volume of water to obtain cassava paste for later use; (2) Inoculate 0.2% of the total mass of cassava pulp with *Polyspora pinkis* for 3 days, then add ethanol solution, adjust the ethanol concentration to 75%, and extract by stirring at 200 r / min for 40 min at 45℃ water bath temperature. After pressing and filtering, repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 75% ethanol solution twice, and combine the filtrates for later use. (3) The combined filtrate was first removed by rotary evaporation and then freeze-dried to obtain fermentation material B.

[0021] 3. Fermentation material C: (1) Slice fresh potatoes and boil them in boiling water for 30 minutes. Then remove them, add 4 times the volume of water and grind them into a paste to obtain cooked potato paste for later use. (2) Inoculate cooked potato pulp with 0.2% of the total mass of cooked potato pulp and ferment for 3 days. Then add ethanol solution and adjust the ethanol concentration to 75%. Extract by stirring at 200 r / min for 40 min at 45℃ water bath temperature. Press and filter. Repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 75% ethanol solution twice. Combine the filtrates for later use. (3) The combined filtrate was first removed by rotary evaporation to remove ethanol and then freeze-dried to obtain fermentation material C.

[0022] 4. Cassava extract: (1) After slicing fresh cassava, boil it in boiling water for 30 minutes, then take it out and add 4 times the volume of water to grind it into a paste to obtain cooked cassava paste for later use. (2) Add ethanol solution to cooked cassava pulp, adjust the ethanol concentration to 75%, stir and extract at 200 r / min for 40 min at 45℃ water bath temperature, then press and filter. Repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 75% ethanol solution twice, combine the filtrates, remove the ethanol by rotary evaporation, and freeze dry to obtain cassava material.

[0023] 5. Acid-treated cassava extract: (1) Prepare a hydrochloric acid solution with pH 4, add cassava to 2 times the volume of hydrochloric acid solution and grind it into a slurry to obtain acid-treated slurry; (2) The acid-treated slurry was treated with stirring at 400 r / min for 1.5 h, then the pH was adjusted to neutral, and the slurry was pressed and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to 1 / 5 of its original volume and then freeze-dried to obtain the acid-treated cassava extract.

[0024] II. Preparation of Liquid Compound Fertilizer: 1. Compound Fertilizer A: Superphosphate 3g / L, alginate 1.3g / L, fermentation feed A 13mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.5mg / L, the remainder is water.

[0025] 2. Compound Fertilizer B: Superphosphate 3g / L, alginate 1.3g / L, fermentation feed B 13mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.5mg / L, the remainder is water.

[0026] 3. Compound fertilizer C: Superphosphate 3g / L, alginate 1.3g / L, fermentation material C 13mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.5mg / L, the remainder being water.

[0027] 4. Compound fertilizer D: Superphosphate 3g / L, alginate 1.3g / L, cassava extract 13mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.5mg / L, the remainder being water.

[0028] 5. Compound Fertilizer E: Superphosphate 3g / L, alginate 1.3g / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.5mg / L, the remainder being water.

[0029] III. Preparation of Foliar Fertilizer 1. Foliar fertilizer A: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g / L, acid-treated cassava extract 100mg / L, zinc sulfate 20mg / L, the remainder being water.

[0030] 2. Foliar fertilizer B: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g / L, cassava extract 100mg / L, zinc sulfate 20mg / L, the remainder being water.

[0031] 3. Foliar fertilizer C: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g / L, zinc sulfate 20mg / L, the remainder is water.

[0032] IV. Field Experiments: A sowing and seedling raising experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (temperature controlled at 18-25℃). Sterilized sandy loam soil was used as the seedling substrate in the greenhouse. Seven experimental plots were divided, and well-rotted sheep manure (1200 kg / mu) was added as base fertilizer to each experimental plot. On March 16, 2025, the same batch of Yunnan Polygonatum seeds that had been stored in sand were sown at a rate of 25 kg / mu (spaced 2-4 cm apart). The seeds were then covered with 1.5-2 cm of sandy loam soil, followed by 1-2 cm of pine needles. The soil was thoroughly watered, and watered regularly to maintain the substrate moisture at 30%-40%.

[0033] After sowing, observe each experimental field on April 25, 2025. Seedlings should have emerged in all fields (an emergence rate of 80% or more is considered to be complete). At this time, weeding should be carried out once, and obviously weak seedlings should be removed to ensure that the growth of seedlings in each experimental field is basically the same.

[0034] The fertilization times for each experimental field are as follows: Experimental Field 1: On April 25, 26 and 27, 2025, 70 kg / mu of compound fertilizer A was applied to the field (irrigation was carried out between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm). Foliar fertilizer A will be sprayed on the *Polygonatum yunnanense* seedlings in the field on June 12, July 6, August 28, October 11, December 4, 2025 and January 17, 2026 (the amount applied should be such that the leaves are moist but not dripping, and the specific time for spraying is between 5 and 8 am). On August 22, 2025, between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm, 200 kg / mu of compound fertilizer A was applied to the field.

[0035] Experimental Field 2: The fertilization time was basically the same as that of experimental field 1, except that compound fertilizer A was replaced with compound fertilizer B.

[0036] Experimental Field 3: The fertilization time was basically the same as that of experimental field 1, except that compound fertilizer A was replaced with compound fertilizer C.

[0037] Experimental Field 4: The fertilization time was basically the same as that of experimental field 1, except that compound fertilizer A was replaced with compound fertilizer D.

[0038] Experimental Field 5: The fertilization time was basically the same as that of experimental field 1, except that foliar fertilizer A was replaced with foliar fertilizer B.

[0039] Experimental Field 6: The fertilization time was basically the same as that of experimental field 1, except that compound fertilizer A was replaced with compound fertilizer E, and foliar fertilizer A was replaced with foliar fertilizer C (for the control field).

[0040] Experimental Field 7: On April 25, 2025, 210 kg / mu of compound fertilizer A was applied to the field (irrigation was carried out between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm). The remaining fertilization time and fertilizer selection are basically the same as those in experimental field 1.

[0041] V. Testing: On February 1, 2026, 10 seedlings of Polygonatum yunnanense were randomly selected from each experimental field. The seedling height, root length, transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of the tuber were measured, and the average values ​​were calculated and recorded. The specific results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0042] Reference Figs. 1-3 (A comparative diagram of the growth of each group of *Polygonatum yunnanense* seedlings) and the above table show that: Comparing experimental fields 1 and 2: The compound fertilizer A used in experimental field 1, which added fermentation material A (cooked cassava fermented with *Polyspora pinkis* and then extracted with alcohol), effectively increased root length and tuber diameter compared to the compound fertilizer B used in experimental field 2, which added fermentation material B (cooked cassava directly fermented and then extracted with alcohol). Experimental field 6, as the control field, had slightly longer roots than experimental field 2. This indicates that the components of uncooked cassava directly fermented and then extracted with alcohol may inhibit the elongation of *Polygonatum yunnanensis* roots to some extent, while the cooked treatment can significantly promote root growth.

[0043] Comparing experimental fields 1 and 3: In experimental field 3, the addition of compound fertilizer C to fermented material C (using potatoes instead of cassava) significantly improved the overall growth of Polygonatum yunnanense compared to the control field (experimental field 6). However, the overall seedling growth was worse than that in experimental field 1. Therefore, the cassava treatment significantly promoted the seedling growth of Polygonatum yunnanense compared to the potato treatment.

[0044] Comparing experimental fields 1 and 4: The fermented material D (directly extracted from cassava after cooking) added to compound fertilizer D in experimental field 4 can promote seedling growth to some extent, but the overall effect is significantly worse than that in experimental field 1.

[0045] Comparing experimental fields 1 and 5: Foliar fertilizer A used in experimental field 1 contained acid-treated cassava extract, while foliar fertilizer B used in experimental field 5 contained cassava extract. Subsequently, the seedling height and tuber diameter of experimental field 5 were significantly lower than those of experimental field 1. Therefore, acid-treated cassava extract can significantly improve the seedling growth of Polygonatum yunnanensis compared to untreated cassava extract.

[0046] Comparing experimental fields 1 and 7: In experimental field 1, compound fertilizer was applied for the first time and irrigated over three days, while in experimental field 7, it was irrigated directly in one day. Ultimately, the seedlings in experimental field 7 showed vigorous root growth, but the overall growth of the *Polygonatum yunnanense* seedlings was poor, with seedling height and tubers significantly lower than those in experimental field 1. Therefore, irrigating in batches can promote the overall growth of *Polygonatum yunnanense* seedlings to a certain extent.

[0047] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling management method for improving the seedling vigor of *Yunnan huangxin* seedlings, characterized in that, The management method includes the following steps: S1. Prepare liquid compound fertilizer according to the following formula: superphosphate 2-4g / L, alginic acid 1.2-1.5g / L, cassava fermentation material 12-15mg / L, naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0-3.0mg / L; the cassava fermentation material is obtained by cooking cassava, fermenting it with *Polyspora pinkis*, and then extracting it with alcohol. S2. After the emergence of Polygonatum yunnanense seedlings, apply liquid compound fertilizer to the roots for three consecutive days, with a daily application rate of 60-80 kg / mu. S3. Prepare foliar fertilizer according to the following formula: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 g / L, acid-treated cassava extract 80-120 mg / L, zinc sulfate 15-30 mg / L; the acid-treated cassava extract is obtained by grinding cassava into a slurry with acid solution, stirring and extracting for 1-2 hours, adjusting the pH to neutral, pressing and filtering, concentrating the filtrate and freeze-drying; and the acid solution is a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 3.5-4. S4. Apply foliar fertilizer for the first time 40-60 days after emergence, and then apply foliar fertilizer every 20-60 days thereafter. S5. Apply liquid compound fertilizer once 3-5 months after the emergence of Yunnan Polygonatum seedlings. The method of application is to directly irrigate the roots with 200-220 kg / mu of liquid compound fertilizer.

2. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the cassava fermentation material includes the following steps: S1-1. Slice fresh cassava and cook it until tender. Then add 3-5 times the volume of water and grind it into a paste to obtain cooked cassava paste for later use. S1-2. Inoculate cooked cassava pulp with 0.1%-0.2% of the total mass of cooked cassava pulp and ferment for 2-4 days. Then add ethanol solution and adjust the ethanol concentration to 70%-80%. Stir and extract for 30-50 minutes, then press and filter. Repeat the extraction of the filter residue with 70%-80% ethanol solution 2-3 times. Combine the filtrates for later use. S1-3. The combined filtrate is first removed by rotary evaporation to remove ethanol, and then freeze-dried to obtain cassava fermentation material.

3. The seedling management method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stirring extraction in step S1-2 is carried out at a water bath temperature of 40-45℃ and a rotation speed of 120-400 r / min.

4. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root irrigation treatment in step S2 is performed between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm every day.

5. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the acid-treated cassava extract in step S3 includes the following steps: S3-1. Prepare a hydrochloric acid solution with a pH of 3.5-4. Add the cassava to twice the volume of the hydrochloric acid solution and grind it into a slurry to obtain an acid-treated slurry. S3-2. The acid-treated slurry is treated with stirring at 120-600 r / min for 1-2 hours, then the pH is adjusted to neutral, pressed and filtered, the filtrate is concentrated to 1 / 3-1 / 5 of the original volume, and then freeze-dried to obtain cassava extract.

6. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time should be such that the leaves are moist but not dripping.

7. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the foliar fertilizer should be applied between 5 and 8 a.m., avoiding rainy days.

8. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the time for supplementing with liquid compound fertilizer should be at least 3 days apart from the time for foliar fertilizer application, and the specific application time should be between 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm.

9. The seedling management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Manual weeding should be carried out every 2-3 months after the emergence of Polygonatum yunnanense seedlings.

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