A tobacco substrate composite biopesticide and method of preparation

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides, and discloses a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide and a preparation method. The insecticide takes tobacco extract as a basic matrix, and is compounded with bacillus thuringiensis, sophoramine extract and an auxiliary agent. The insecticide solves the problems of existing chemical insecticides, such as easy drug resistance and residue pollution, and has high insecticidal activity and environmental safety. The control rate of the insecticide on common pests in agriculture and forestry, such as aphids, cabbage worms and tobacco worms, is more than 90%, and the insecticide has no drug damage to crops and is suitable for green agricultural production scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to, but is not limited to, the field of biopesticide technology, and particularly relates to a tobacco matrix composite biopesticide and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional chemically synthesized insecticides are widely used in agricultural production, but long-term use can easily lead to problems such as insecticide resistance in pests, excessive pesticide residues, and environmental pollution. Biological insecticides have attracted widespread attention due to their environmental friendliness, high target specificity, and low likelihood of resistance development. However, existing biological insecticides generally suffer from drawbacks such as slow efficacy, short duration of action, and high cost.

[0003] On the other hand, the tobacco industry generates a large amount of tobacco waste (such as tobacco stems, tobacco dust, and low-grade tobacco leaves) every year. This waste is usually discarded or simply incinerated, which not only wastes resources but also puts pressure on the environment. Tobacco itself contains natural components with insecticidal activity, such as nicotine and solanine, making it a valuable biological pesticide resource. Bacillus thuringiensis can produce parasporal crystal toxins that specifically kill lepidopteran pests; matrine is a natural alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens, possessing broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and being safe for natural enemies. In existing technologies, single-bioactive insecticides suffer from narrow insecticidal spectra and short-lasting effects, while research on compounding tobacco extracts with other bioactive components is limited, and stable compounding processes are lacking. Therefore, this invention develops a highly efficient, stable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly compound biological insecticide by rationally compounding tobacco extract, Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, and matrine extract. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide and its preparation method.

[0005] The present invention is achieved as follows: a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide, characterized in that the tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide is made from the following raw materials in weight percentages: 30%-50% tobacco matrix extract; 12%-33% bioactive ingredients; 3-8% emulsifier; 1%-5% ultraviolet protectant; 1%-5% stabilizer; and deionized water to make up to 100%.

[0006] Furthermore, the tobacco matrix extract is an extract rich in nicotine and other alkaloids obtained by crushing tobacco waste (one or more of tobacco stems, tobacco dust, and low-grade tobacco leaves), followed by sodium hydroxide nicotine release, ethanol extraction, filtration, and concentration. The preparation method of the tobacco matrix extract includes the following steps:

[0007] Tobacco waste is washed, dried, and pulverized through a 60-80 mesh sieve. An ethanol solution with a concentration of 60%-95% is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:15 (g / mL), and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 50-70℃ for 30-60 minutes. The extract is filtered, and the filtered ethanol solution is distilled to recover the ethanol (which can be reused). The dark, oily liquid remaining after distillation is the nicotine salt solution.

[0008] Furthermore, the bioactive ingredient is one or a combination of two of Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum and matrine extract, and when the two are combined, their weight ratio is 1:(1-2).

[0009] Furthermore, the emulsifier is a combination of Tween-80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, with a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the ultraviolet protectant is UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) and kaolin in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0011] Furthermore, the stabilizer is potassium sorbate or vitamin E.

[0012] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide, the method comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1: Weigh tobacco extract and matrine extract according to the proportion, add emulsifier, and stir for 20-25 minutes at 25-35℃ and 350-450r / min to obtain mixture A;

[0014] S2: Slowly add Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum to mixture A, maintain the temperature at 25-30℃ and the rotation speed at 200-300r / min, and stir for 30-40min to obtain mixture B;

[0015] S3: Add UV protectant, stabilizer, potassium sorbate and deionized water to mixture B, stir for 12 minutes, filter through a 110-mesh filter to obtain the tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide.

[0016] Furthermore, the qualified liquid is sealed and packaged to obtain the finished tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide, which is in the form of an emulsion.

[0017] Furthermore, the application method of the tobacco matrix compound biological insecticide is as follows: dilute it 500-800 times and spray it on the leaves, with an application interval of 7-10 days, and apply it 2-3 times consecutively.

[0018] Based on the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solution to be protected by this invention are as follows:

[0019] Resource utilization and safety and environmental protection: This invention uses tobacco waste as the main raw material, turning waste into treasure, reducing production costs. The raw materials are all natural or biological, with no chemical pesticide residues, making them safe for crops, natural enemies and the environment, and meeting the standards for green agricultural product production and the requirements for sustainable development.

[0020] Synergistic effect: Nicotine and other components in tobacco extracts have contact, stomach poison, and fumigation effects, with good rapid action; bioactive components (Bacillus thuringiensis inoculant and matrine extract) have unique mechanisms of action and long-lasting effects. The combination of these three components produces a significant synergistic effect, broadening the insecticidal spectrum, improving insecticidal efficiency, and delaying the development of pesticide resistance in pests.

[0021] Stable and easy to store: By compounding emulsifiers, adding UV protectants and stabilizers, this invention effectively protects bioactive ingredients from UV degradation, with a viable bacteria loss rate of ≤10%, improving the stability of the formulation in the field environment and extending the duration of efficacy.

[0022] Safety in use: The product of this invention is derived from natural ingredients, has low toxicity to humans and animals, is safe for non-target organisms, and has good environmental compatibility.

[0023] The process is feasible and the cost is controllable: This invention uses tobacco waste (tobacco stems and tobacco dust) as raw materials, which reduces the cost of raw materials. The preparation method is simple, the conditions are mild, and it is easy to realize large-scale industrial production.

[0024] The expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of this invention after transformation are as follows: The successful transformation of this technology can bring multi-dimensional and significant benefits and value, which can be divided into the following two aspects: A. Direct economic benefits: As a new type of biological pesticide, it can be directly sold to the agricultural market. Due to its natural and low-toxicity characteristics, it can target organic agriculture and green food; moreover, the raw material cost is extremely low. Using tobacco waste (such as tobacco stalks, dust, and low-grade tobacco leaves) as raw materials is almost "turning waste into treasure," which can significantly reduce production costs. B. Environmental and social value (indirectly transformed into commercial value): Tobacco waste contains natural alkaloids such as nicotine. If discarded at will, it will pollute the soil and water. This technology utilizes it as a resource, completely solving this environmental problem. Moreover, the promotion of biological pesticides helps to reduce the application of chemical pesticides, reduce pesticide residues in agricultural products, and ensure food safety, which has huge social public benefits.

[0025] This invention fills a technological gap both domestically and internationally: A) Numerous studies on extracting nicotine from tobacco for use as a biopesticide have been reported in both academic and industrial circles both at home and abroad. However, the key to this invention's solution lies in its focus on using "tobacco waste" as the core raw material, demonstrating originality in raw material selection and cost control, truly realizing "turning waste into treasure" and a circular economy. B) Simple nicotine extracts may suffer from slow efficacy and short-lasting effects. This invention, through formulation and synergistic technology innovation, yields a highly efficient, stable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly compound biopesticide. This solution addresses the large-scale green value-added processing of toxic organic waste, filling a technological gap.

[0026] The technical solution of this invention solves a long-standing but unresolved technical problem: millions of tons of tobacco waste are generated globally each year. This waste contains natural toxins such as nicotine and phenols. Traditional landfill or composting methods continuously pollute soil and groundwater; incineration produces harmful gases, causing air pollution. Tobacco-growing areas and processing enterprises urgently need a safe and thorough treatment method. In the past, technical solutions were either too costly to be applied on a large scale, or incomplete, still posing a risk of secondary pollution. Therefore, finding a large-scale disposal solution that can completely eliminate toxicity while being economically feasible has been a long-standing technical bottleneck. The technical solution of this invention solves the problem by simultaneously overcoming the two major challenges of "harmless disposal" and "resource transformation" through an integrated and innovative technical system, achieving a qualitative change from a "burden" to a "treasure."

[0027] The technical solution of this invention overcomes technical bias: people tend to have prejudices about the performance and stability of biopesticides made from tobacco waste, believing that their efficacy, stability, and duration of action cannot compare with chemical pesticides. This technical solution, through scientific compounding techniques, not only avoids reducing efficacy due to the use of waste materials, but may even produce a synergistic effect, resulting in better-than-expected control of certain pests. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 Under the same application conditions, the control efficacy of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention against aphids was demonstrated.

[0030] Figure 3 The control effects of each embodiment and comparative example on lepidopteran larvae. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0032] This invention provides a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide, made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 30%-50% tobacco matrix extract; 12%-33% bioactive ingredients; 3-8% emulsifier; 1%-5% UV protectant; 1%-5% stabilizer; and deionized water to bring the total to 100%.

[0033] The tobacco matrix extract is obtained by using tobacco waste as raw material, which is crushed, then subjected to sodium hydroxide to release nicotine, ethanol extraction, and finally filtered and concentrated to obtain an extract rich in nicotine and other alkaloids. The preparation method of the tobacco matrix extract includes the following steps:

[0034] Tobacco waste is washed, dried, and pulverized through a 60-80 mesh sieve. An ethanol solution with a concentration of 60%-95% is added at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:15 (g / mL), and ultrasonic extraction is performed at 50-70℃ for 30-60 minutes. The extract is filtered, and the filtered ethanol solution is distilled to recover the ethanol. The dark, oily liquid remaining after distillation is the nicotine salt solution.

[0035] The bioactive ingredient is one or a combination of two of Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum and matrine extract, and when the two are combined, their weight ratio is 1:(1-2).

[0036] The emulsifier is a mixture of Tween-80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0037] The ultraviolet protectant is UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) and kaolin in a weight ratio of 1:1.

[0038] The stabilizer is potassium sorbate or vitamin E.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide is provided, which includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: Weigh tobacco extract and matrine extract according to the proportion, add emulsifier, and stir for 20-25 minutes at 25-35℃ and 350-450r / min to obtain mixture A;

[0041] S2: Slowly add Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum to mixture A, maintain the temperature at 25-30℃ and the rotation speed at 200-300r / min, and stir for 30-40min to obtain mixture B;

[0042] S3: Add UV protectant, stabilizer, potassium sorbate and deionized water to mixture B, stir for 12 minutes, filter through a 110-mesh filter to obtain the tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide.

[0043] The qualified liquid is sealed and packaged to obtain the finished tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide, which is in the form of an emulsion.

[0044] The application method of the tobacco matrix compound biological insecticide is as follows: dilute it 500-800 times and spray it on the leaves, with an interval of 7-10 days between applications, and apply it 2-3 times consecutively.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Take 1000g of tobacco waste, wash it, dry it at 60℃ for 8 hours, and pulverize it through a 60-mesh sieve. Add 80% ethanol at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 and extract it ultrasonically at 60℃ for 40 minutes. Filter the extract through filter paper and distill to recover the ethanol, obtaining a dark oily nicotine salt solution. Take 40% tobacco matrix extract, 15% matrine extract, 15% Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, 5% emulsifier (Tween-80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 2:1 mixture), 3% UV-531 and kaolin (1:1), and 2% vitamin E according to the proportions claimed. Add deionized water to make up to 100%.

[0047] Tobacco extract, matrine extract, and emulsifier were mixed and stirred at 30°C and 400 rpm for 20 minutes.

[0048] Then slowly add Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, stir at 28℃ and 250r / min for 35min, and finally add UV protectant, potassium sorbate and deionized water, stir for 15min, and filter to obtain the product.

[0049] The obtained insecticide, diluted 600 times and sprayed on vegetable fields, achieved an average control efficacy of over 92% against aphids and diamondback moths (lepidopteran larvae). The pesticide solution dispersed well without clogging the nozzles. After 3 months of storage, the color and stability of the pesticide solution remained essentially unchanged.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Take 1000g of tobacco waste, wash and dry it at 70℃ for 6 hours, then pulverize it through an 80-mesh sieve. Extract it with 70% ethanol at 55℃ for 45 minutes using a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:12. Distill the filtrate to recover the ethanol, yielding a brownish-yellow viscous tobacco extract. Prepare the extract by mixing 45% tobacco matrix extract, 20% Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, 5% emulsifier, 2% UV protectant, 1.5% stabilizer (potassium sorbate), and deionized water to make up the difference. Mix the tobacco extract, matrine extract, and emulsifier, and stir at 28℃ for 420 rpm for 20 minutes. Gradually add the Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum while maintaining the temperature at 28℃, stirring at 280 rpm for 35 minutes. Finally, add the UV protectant, potassium sorbate, and deionized water, stir for 15 minutes, and filter to obtain the product.

[0052] When diluted 700 times and sprayed on tobacco fields, this formulation achieves an average control efficacy of 90% against aphids and tobacco budworms (lepidopteran larvae). The color and stability of the solution remain largely unchanged after 3 months of storage.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] 1000g of tobacco waste was dried at 65℃ for 7 hours and then pulverized to 70 mesh. 90% ethanol was added at a ratio of 1:8, and the mixture was extracted by ultrasonication at 50℃ for 30 minutes. The ethanol was recovered by distillation of the filtrate to obtain a tobacco alkaloid extract. A solution was prepared by mixing 35% tobacco extract, 20% matrine extract, 6% emulsifier, 4% UV protectant, 3% stabilizer (vitamin E), and deionized water. The tobacco extract, matrine extract, and emulsifier were mixed and stirred at 32℃ and 400 rpm for 20 minutes. Then, 10% Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred at 250 rpm for 40 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 30℃. Finally, the UV protectant, potassium sorbate, and deionized water were added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The product was then obtained by filtration.

[0055] When sprayed in orchards and diluted 550 times, it achieved an average control efficacy of 90% against aphids and tussock moths (lepidopteran larvae), with no pesticide spots on the fruit surface, indicating excellent emulsification and UV protection performance, making it suitable for use under strong light conditions.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] 1000g of tobacco waste was dried at 60℃ for 5 hours, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then extracted with 95% ethanol at a ratio of 1:15 by ultrasonic extraction at 70℃ for 60 minutes. The filtrate was distilled to obtain a dark brown tobacco extract. A mixture was prepared by adding 50% tobacco extract, 12% Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) inoculum, 12% matrine extract, 4% emulsifier, 3% UV protectant, 1% stabilizer (potassium sorbate), and deionized water. The tobacco extract, matrine extract, and emulsifier were mixed and stirred at 35℃ for 450 rpm for 25 minutes to obtain a mixture. Then, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) inoculum was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm for 30 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 28℃. Finally, the UV protectant, potassium sorbate, and deionized water were added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. The mixture was then filtered to obtain the final product.

[0058] When diluted 800 times and sprayed on cornfields, the pesticide showed an average control efficacy of approximately 93% against aphids and corn borers (lepidopteran larvae). The color and stability of the pesticide solution remained largely unchanged after three months of storage. Example 5

[0059] 1000g of tobacco waste was selected, washed, dried, and pulverized through a 60-mesh sieve. 60% ethanol was added at a 1:10 ratio, and the mixture was extracted by ultrasonication at 55℃ for 50 minutes, followed by distillation to recover the ethanol, yielding a tobacco extract. The following mixture was prepared: 30% tobacco extract, 25% matrine extract, 15% Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum, 5% emulsifier (Tween-80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 2:1), 5% UV protectant, 2% stabilizer, and deionized water to make up the difference. The tobacco extract, matrine extract, and emulsifier were mixed and stirred at 25℃ for 350 rpm for 25 minutes to obtain a mixture. Then, the Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum was slowly added, and the mixture was stirred at 28℃ for 300 rpm for 40 minutes. Finally, the UV protectant, potassium sorbate, and deionized water were added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. After filtration, the product was obtained. When sprayed on cruciferous vegetables, diluted 500 times and applied three times consecutively, it effectively inhibits aphids and cabbage caterpillars (lepidopteran larvae), with an average control efficacy of 90% and no phytotoxicity observed. The color and stability of the solution remained largely unchanged after three months of storage.

[0060] Evidence related to the technical effects obtained by the embodiments of the present invention (see) Figure 2 , Figure 3 ).

[0061] Comparative Example 1: Only an equal amount of tobacco matrix extract (50%) was used, without the addition of bioactive ingredients, and the remaining ingredients were the same as in Example 4.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: Only equal amounts of Bacillus thuringiensis and matrine extract (total 24%) were used, without the addition of tobacco matrix extract, and the remaining components were the same as in Example 4.

[0063] The results showed that when Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were diluted 800 times and sprayed on tobacco fields, the control efficacy against aphids and tobacco budworms (lepidopteran larvae) was less than 80% 72 hours after application, proving that the product of this invention has a significant synergistic effect.

[0064] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 The experimental results shown clearly and completely illustrate the technical effects achieved by the embodiments of the present invention. This invention addresses the need for green control of major pests in tobacco fields by synergistically combining tobacco matrix extracts with bioactive components, significantly improving the integrated control effect against multiple pests. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The data reflect the comparative effects of the product of this invention on the control of aphids and lepidopteran larvae (represented by the tobacco budworm). The data are derived from field trial results of multiple sets of examples and corresponding comparative examples.

[0065] from Figure 2 It can be seen that, under the same application conditions, the aphid control efficacy of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention remained at a relatively high level of approximately 90% to 95%, with minimal fluctuations between the different examples. This indicates that the product of the present invention can stably exert significant insecticidal or inhibitory effects under different formulation conditions. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 used only an equal amount of tobacco matrix extract (50%), without adding any bioactive ingredients, and the remaining components remained consistent with Example 4. After spraying 72 hours after dilution 800 times, the aphid control efficacy decreased significantly, falling below 80%. This result indicates that relying solely on tobacco matrix extract is insufficient to achieve the same control effect as the present invention, and its insecticidal activity and persistence are significantly inadequate.

[0066] Figure 3 The control efficacy of each embodiment and comparative example against lepidopteran larvae was further demonstrated. It can be seen that the control efficacy of Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention against tobacco budworms remained at a high level, generally ranging from approximately 88% to 95%, showing good control ability against feeding pests. However, Comparative Example 2 used only equal amounts of Bacillus thuringiensis and matrine extract (total 24%), without adding tobacco matrix extract, and the remaining components were the same as in Example 4. Under the same dilution ratio and application time conditions, its control efficacy against lepidopteran larvae was also below 80%, significantly weaker than the embodiments of the present invention.

[0067] comprehensive Figure 2 and Figure 3The results clearly show that neither using tobacco matrix extract alone, nor using only Bacillus thuringiensis and matrine extract, can achieve the high efficiency and stable control levels exhibited by the product of this invention. This invention, through the rational combination of tobacco matrix extract and bioactive components, significantly enhances the comprehensive control efficacy against aphids and lepidopteran larvae, demonstrating a clear synergistic effect. Therefore, it provides a highly efficient, green, and commercially viable technical solution for pest control in tobacco fields.

[0068] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tobacco-based composite biological insecticide, characterized in that, This insecticide is made from the following raw materials by weight percentage: 30%-50% tobacco matrix extract; 12%-33% bioactive ingredients; 3-8% emulsifier; 1%-5% UV protectant; 1%-5% stabilizer; and deionized water to bring the total to 100%.

2. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the tobacco matrix extract includes the following steps: cleaning, drying, and pulverizing tobacco waste through a 60-80 mesh sieve; adding an ethanol solution with a concentration of 60%-95% at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:8-1:15 (g / mL), and performing ultrasonic-assisted extraction at 50-70℃ for 30-60 minutes; filtering the extract, and distilling the filtered ethanol solution to recover the ethanol (which can be reused); the dark oily liquid remaining after distillation is the nicotine salt solution.

3. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bioactive ingredient is one or a combination of two of Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum and matrine extract, and when the two are combined, their weight ratio is 1:(1-2).

4. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The emulsifier is a mixture of Tween-80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in a weight ratio of 2:

1.

5. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ultraviolet protectant is UV-531 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone) and kaolin in a weight ratio of 1:

1.

6. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer is potassium sorbate or vitamin E.

7. A method for preparing a tobacco matrix composite bio-insecticide according to claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Weigh tobacco extract and matrine extract according to the proportion, add emulsifier, and stir for 20-25 minutes at 25-35℃ and 350-450r / min to obtain mixture A; S2: Slowly add Bacillus thuringiensis inoculum to mixture A, maintain the temperature at 25-30℃ and the rotation speed at 200-300r / min, and stir for 30-40min to obtain mixture B; S3: Add UV protectant, stabilizer, potassium sorbate and deionized water to mixture B, stir for 12 minutes, filter through a 110-mesh filter to obtain the tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide.

8. The tobacco matrix composite biological insecticide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The application method of the tobacco matrix compound biological insecticide is as follows: dilute it 500-800 times and spray it on the leaves, with an interval of 7-10 days between applications, and apply it 2-3 times consecutively.

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