Method for using catalyst grading for deacidification treatment of acid-containing wastewater
By using a five-bed tiered catalyst system to treat acidic wastewater, the problem of the wastewater acid value failing to meet discharge standards was solved, achieving the effects of simplified operation and reduced costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- PETROCHINA CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the acid value of acidic wastewater is difficult to meet the discharge standards, the process is cumbersome and the operation is complicated, and it affects the product yield and increases production costs.
A five-bed tiered catalyst system is adopted, namely the first bed, the second bed, the third bed, the fourth bed, and the fifth bed. Each bed is filled with different reactor packing materials and catalysts, including porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand, glass beads, and the main reaction catalyst. By controlling the residence time of the raw materials in each bed and calcining the regenerated catalyst, the deacidification treatment of wastewater is achieved.
The process has been simplified, making it easy to operate. The pH value of the wastewater has been increased from 3.8 to about 6.5, meeting the discharge standards. The catalyst is regenerable, which reduces production costs.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of catalysts and their preparation methods, and specifically to a method for using catalyst gradation in the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing demand for low-carbon olefins, methanol, as an important chemical raw material that can increase the production of low-carbon olefins, has therefore received more attention. However, both methanol-to-olefins and benzyl alcohol alkylation reactions inevitably involve the problem of excessively high acid values in wastewater. This is because a small amount of carboxylic acids are generated during the methanol reaction, and acetic acid often accounts for more than 90% of these carboxylic acids. This results in acidic wastewater from such reactions, which in turn corrodes the equipment.
[0003] To address this issue, existing industrial production facilities often employ alkali injection systems, which typically inject sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate solutions. However, over long-term operation, these alkali solutions can corrode the system, shortening the lifespan of the quench tower, creating safety hazards, and increasing subsequent investment and energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology to improve the acidity of wastewater at its source, simplifying subsequent production processes.
[0004] Catalysts with alkaline earth metal oxides as the main active component have exhibited excellent activity in the ketylation reaction of carboxylic acids, and the pH and COD of the post-reaction wastewater can be significantly improved. Current research shows that alkaline earth metal oxides such as MgO, CaO, BaO, CaCO3, Al2O3, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, and CeO2 can all be applied to the ketylation reaction and achieve good catalytic effects. Therefore, developing a process technology suitable for deacidification using alkaline earth metal oxides is feasible.
[0005] Chinese invention patent document CN116535284A discloses a process for treating wastewater from a methanol-to-hydrocarbons plant. Its key feature is the removal of wastewater from the product through a chemical reaction, followed by deacidification treatment of the resulting product. The specific process is as follows: the methanol-to-hydrocarbons product is passed into a coal-filled dehydration unit, where carbon reacts with water vapor to produce water gas, thereby removing water from the product and reducing its impact on subsequent catalytic deacidification. The dehydrated product is then passed into the subsequent deacidification stage. The aforementioned document employs a method using three reactors in series to reduce the acetic acid and propionic acid content in the wastewater to meet wastewater discharge standards. However, this method requires three reactors in series, making the process cumbersome and complex to operate.
[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide a method for the gradation of the main catalyst and the deacidification catalyst that is simple to process, easy to operate, and does not affect the product yield, for the treatment of acidic wastewater. Summary of the Invention
[0007] This invention provides a method for using catalyst gradation for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problems of the acid value of the treated wastewater being difficult to meet the discharge standards, as well as the cumbersome process flow, complicated operation, and high production cost that affect the product yield.
[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a method for using a catalyst gradation for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater. When the catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in the gradation reaction, the reactor is divided into five beds from top to bottom, namely, the first bed, the second bed, the third bed, the fourth bed, and the fifth bed. The first bed is filled with reactor packing material, the second bed is filled with the main reaction catalyst, the third bed is filled with reactor packing material, the fourth bed is filled with the deacidification catalyst, and the fifth bed is filled with reactor packing material.
[0009] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: The reactor packing material in the first bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads. The volume of the first bed is 1 mL to 40 mL and the height of the first bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0010] The main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is one of the following: benzyl alcohol alkylation catalyst, methanol to olefins catalyst, and methanol coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst. The volume of the second bed is 1 mL to 40 mL, the mass of the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is 1 g to 40 g, and the height of the second bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0011] The reactor packing material in the third bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand or glass beads. The volume of the third bed is 1 mL to 60 mL and the height of the third bed is 1 cm to 30 cm.
[0012] The deacidification catalyst packed in the fourth bed is a catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater. The volume of the fourth bed is 1 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the fourth bed is 1 cm to 7 cm.
[0013] After the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are deactivated by the reaction, they are calcined at 500°C to 800°C in an air atmosphere, and their activity can be completely restored after calcination.
[0014] The reactor packing material in the fifth bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads. The volume of the fifth bed is 1 mL to 40 mL and the height of the fifth bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0015] The reactor packing material in the first bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand. The volume of the first bed is 10 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the first bed is 5 cm to 15 cm.
[0016] The main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst. The volume of the second bed is 10 mL to 20 mL, the mass of the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is 15 g to 25 g, and the height of the second bed is 6 cm to 10 cm.
[0017] The reactor packing material in the third bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand. The volume of the third bed is 20 mL to 50 mL, and the height of the third bed is 10 cm to 20 cm.
[0018] The volume of the fourth bed layer is 20 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the fourth bed layer is 3 cm to 5 cm.
[0019] The reactor packing material in the fifth bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand. The volume of the fifth bed is 15 mL to 35 mL, and the height of the fifth bed is 10 cm to 20 cm.
[0020] When the catalyst for the above-mentioned deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in the graded reaction, the total residence time of the raw materials in the reactor is 5s to 35s.
[0021] When the catalyst for the above-mentioned deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in the graded reaction, the residence time of the raw material in the first bed is 1 to 10 s, in the second bed is 1 to 5 s, in the third bed is 1 to 10 s, in the fourth bed is 1 to 3 s, and in the fifth bed is 1 to 7 s.
[0022] The present invention has a simple process and is easy to operate. After the wastewater is deacidified, the pH value is increased from 3.8 to about 6.5, which meets the discharge standards. Moreover, after the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are deactivated in the reaction, their activity can be fully restored after calcination regeneration, which reduces the production cost. Detailed Implementation
[0023] This invention is not limited to the following embodiments; specific implementation methods can be determined based on the technical solution of this invention and actual circumstances. Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents and chemical products mentioned in this invention are well-known and commonly used chemical reagents and chemical products in the prior art.
[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments: Example 1: The method of using the catalyst gradation for acid wastewater deacidification treatment. When the catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment is used in the gradation reaction, the reactor is divided into five beds from top to bottom, namely the first bed, the second bed, the third bed, the fourth bed, and the fifth bed. The first bed is filled with reactor packing material, the second bed is filled with the main reaction catalyst, the third bed is filled with reactor packing material, the fourth bed is filled with the deacidification catalyst, and the fifth bed is filled with reactor packing material.
[0025] Example 2: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the first bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads, the volume of the first bed is 1 mL to 40 mL, and the height of the first bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0026] Example 3: As an optimization of the above example, the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is one of benzyl alcohol alkylation catalyst, methanol to olefins catalyst and methanol coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst. The volume of the second bed is 1 mL to 40 mL, the mass of the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is 1 g to 40 g, and the height of the second bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0027] Example 4: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the third bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand or glass beads, the volume of the third bed is 1 mL to 60 mL, and the height of the third bed is 1 cm to 30 cm.
[0028] Example 5: As an optimization of the above example, the deacidification catalyst packed in the fourth bed is a catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater, the volume of the fourth bed is 1 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the fourth bed is 1 cm to 7 cm.
[0029] Example 6: As an optimization of the above example, after the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal treatment of acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are deactivated by the reaction, they are calcined at 500°C to 800°C in an air atmosphere. The activity of both can be completely restored after calcination.
[0030] Example 7: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the fifth bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads, the volume of the fifth bed is 1 mL to 40 mL, and the height of the fifth bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
[0031] Example 8: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the first bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, the volume of the first bed is 10 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the first bed is 5 cm to 15 cm.
[0032] Example 9: As an optimization of the above example, the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst, the volume of the second bed is 10 mL to 20 mL, the mass of the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is 15 g to 25 g, and the height of the second bed is 6 cm to 10 cm.
[0033] Example 10: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the third bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, the volume of the third bed is 20 mL to 50 mL, and the height of the third bed is 10 cm to 20 cm.
[0034] Example 11: As an optimization of the above example, the volume of the fourth bed is 20 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the fourth bed is 3 cm to 5 cm.
[0035] Example 12: As an optimization of the above example, the reactor packing material in the fifth bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, the volume of the fifth bed is 15 mL to 35 mL, and the height of the fifth bed is 10 cm to 20 cm.
[0036] Example 13: As an optimization of the above examples, when the catalyst for acid deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in the graded reaction, the total residence time of the raw materials in the reactor is 5s to 35s.
[0037] Example 14: As an optimization of the above example, when the catalyst for acid deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in the graded reaction, the residence time of the raw material in the first bed is 1 to 10 s, in the second bed is 1 to 5 s, in the third bed is 1 to 10 s, in the fourth bed is 1 to 3 s, and in the fifth bed is 1 to 7 s.
[0038] Example 15: The method of using the graded catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment. When using the graded reaction, the catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment is loaded from top to bottom in a reactor with a height of 80 cm and a volume of 100 mL, resulting in five bed layers. Specifically, the first bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the second bed layer is filled with a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 14 cm; the third bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the fourth bed layer is filled with the deacidification catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment, with a volume of 8 mL and a height of 4 cm; and the fifth bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing, with a volume of 35 mL and a height of 17.5 cm.
[0039] Using raffinate oil and methanol as raw materials, at 480℃ for 1.0 h... -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. Under these conditions, without the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water after the reaction was 3.8. After adding the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water was 7.0 after 12 hours of reaction. After continuing the reaction for 500 hours, the pH of the product water was 6.8.
[0040] After 500 hours of reaction, the main catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed were regenerated in situ by calcination at 550℃ for 3 hours and at 480℃ for 1 hour. -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. After 12 hours of reaction, deacidification was performed, and the pH of the product water was 7.1. The reaction was continued for 500 hours, and the pH of the product water was 6.9.
[0041] Example 16: The method of using the catalyst gradation for acid wastewater deacidification treatment. When using the catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment in the gradation reaction, the catalyst and packing material are loaded from top to bottom in a reactor with a height of 80 cm and a volume of 100 mL, resulting in a total of five bed layers. Specifically, the first bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the second bed layer is filled with a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 14 cm; the third bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 30 mL and a height of 15 cm; the fourth bed layer is filled with the deacidification catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment, with a volume of 8 mL and a height of 4 cm; and the fifth bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 35 mL and a height of 17.5 cm.
[0042] Using raffinate oil and methanol as raw materials, at 480℃ for 1.0 h... -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. Under these conditions, without the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water after the reaction was 3.7. After adding the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water was 7.0 after 12 hours of reaction, and after continuing the reaction for 500 hours, the pH of the product water was 6.9.
[0043] After 500 hours of reaction, the main catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed were regenerated in situ by calcination at 550℃ for 3 hours and at 480℃ for 1 hour. -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. After 12 hours of reaction, deacidification was performed, and the pH of the product water was 7.0. The reaction was continued for 500 hours, and the pH of the product water was 6.9.
[0044] Example 17: The method of using the graded catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment. When using the catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment in the graded reaction, the catalyst and packing material are loaded from top to bottom in a reactor with a height of 80 cm and a volume of 100 mL, resulting in a total of five bed layers. Specifically, the first bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the second bed layer is filled with a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 14 cm; the third bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 30 mL and a height of 15 cm; the fourth bed layer is filled with the deacidification catalyst for acid-containing wastewater deacidification treatment, with a volume of 8 mL and a height of 4 cm; and the fifth bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 35 mL and a height of 17.5 cm.
[0045] Using raffinate oil and methanol as raw materials, at 480℃ for 1.0 h... -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. Under these conditions, without the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water after the reaction was 3.8. After adding the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water was 6.5 after 12 hours of reaction, and after continuing the reaction for 600 hours, the pH of the product water was 6.4.
[0046] After 600 hours of reaction, the main catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed were regenerated in situ by calcination at 550°C for 3 hours and at 480°C for 1 hour. -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. After 12 hours of reaction, deacidification was performed, and the pH of the product water was 6.4. The reaction was continued for 600 hours, and the pH of the product water was 6.2.
[0047] Example 18: The method of using the catalyst gradation for acid wastewater deacidification treatment. When using the catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment in the gradation reaction, the catalyst and packing material are loaded from top to bottom in a reactor with a height of 80 cm and a volume of 100 mL, resulting in a total of five bed layers. Specifically, the first bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the second bed layer is filled with a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 14 cm; the third bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 10 mL and a height of 5 cm; the fourth bed layer is filled with the deacidification catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment, with a volume of 8 mL and a height of 4 cm; and the fifth bed layer is filled with porous ceramic balls as reactor packing material, with a volume of 35 mL and a height of 17.5 cm.
[0048] Using raffinate oil and methanol as raw materials, at 480℃ for 1.0 h... -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. Under these conditions, without the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water after the reaction was 4.0. After adding the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water was 7.0 after 12 hours of reaction, and after continuing the reaction for 500 hours, the pH of the product water was 6.5.
[0049] After 500 hours of reaction, the main catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed were regenerated in situ by calcination at 550℃ for 3 hours and at 480℃ for 1 hour. -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. After 12 hours of reaction, deacidification was performed, and the pH of the product water was 7.0. The reaction was continued for 500 hours, and the pH of the product water was 6.4.
[0050] Example 19: The method of using the graded catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment. When the catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment is used in the graded reaction, the catalyst and packing material are loaded from top to bottom in a reactor with a height of 80 cm and a volume of 100 mL, resulting in a total of five bed layers. Specifically, the first bed layer is filled with quartz sand as reactor packing material, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 10 cm; the second bed layer is filled with methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 20 mL and a height of 14 cm; the third bed layer is filled with quartz sand as reactor packing material, with a volume of 30 mL and a height of 15 cm; the fourth bed layer is filled with the deacidification catalyst for acid wastewater deacidification treatment, with a volume of 8 mL and a height of 4 cm; and the fifth bed layer is filled with quartz sand as reactor packing material, with a volume of 35 mL and a height of 17.5 cm.
[0051] Using raffinate oil and methanol as raw materials, at 480℃ for 1.0 h... -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. Under these conditions, without the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water after the reaction was 3.8. After adding the fourth bed for deacidification, the pH of the product water was 7.0 after 12 hours of reaction. After continuing the reaction for 200 hours, the pH of the product water was 6.8.
[0052] After 200 hours of reaction, the main catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed were regenerated in situ by calcination at 550°C for 3 hours and at 480°C for 1 hour. -1 The reaction was carried out under normal pressure. After 12 hours of reaction, deacidification was performed, and the pH of the product water was 7.0. The reaction was continued for 200 hours, and the pH of the product water was 6.8.
[0053] The catalysts for deacidification of acidic wastewater packed in the fourth bed in Examples 15 to 19 of this invention are all obtained by the following method: metal oxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate are mixed and ground evenly to obtain a first mixed powder; deionized water is added to the first mixed powder and stirred evenly; the powder is kneaded into a ball and then extruded into a strip shape to obtain a strip mixture; the strip mixture is dried and then calcined to obtain the catalyst for deacidification of acidic wastewater.
[0054] It is evident that at a reaction temperature of 480℃, the pH of the wastewater can be increased from 3.8 to approximately 6.8, meeting the requirements for external water supply from the plant. Simultaneously, the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from the acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are regenerated by calcination in an air atmosphere, and the activity of the regenerated catalysts can be fully restored.
[0055] In summary, the present invention has a simple process and is easy to operate. After the wastewater is deacidified, the pH value is increased from 3.8 to about 6.5, which meets the discharge standards. Moreover, after the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are deactivated in the reaction, their activity can be fully restored after calcination regeneration, which reduces the production cost.
[0056] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.
Claims
1. A method for using a catalyst gradation for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater, characterized in that... When the catalyst for acid deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in a graded reaction, the reactor is divided into five beds from top to bottom, namely the first bed, the second bed, the third bed, the fourth bed, and the fifth bed. The first bed is filled with reactor packing material, the second bed is filled with the main reaction catalyst, the third bed is filled with reactor packing material, the fourth bed is filled with the deacidification catalyst, and the fifth bed is filled with reactor packing material.
2. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that... The reactor packing material in the first bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads. The volume of the first bed is 1 mL to 40 mL and the height of the first bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
3. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... The main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is one of the following: benzyl alcohol alkylation catalyst, methanol to olefins catalyst, and methanol coupled light hydrocarbon reaction catalyst. The volume of the second bed is 1 mL to 40 mL, the mass of the main reaction catalyst packed in the second bed is 1 g to 40 g, and the height of the second bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
4. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that... The reactor packing material in the third bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand or glass beads. The volume of the third bed is 1 mL to 60 mL and the height of the third bed is 1 cm to 30 cm.
5. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that... The fourth bed is filled with a deacidification catalyst for the deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater. The volume of the fourth bed is 1 mL to 30 mL, and the height of the fourth bed is 1 cm to 7 cm.
6. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to claim 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that... After the main reaction catalyst in the second bed and the catalyst for acid removal from acidic wastewater in the fourth bed are deactivated by the reaction, they are calcined at 500℃ to 800℃ in an air atmosphere, and their activity can be completely restored after calcination.
7. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that... The reactor packing material in the fifth bed is one or more of porous ceramic balls, activated carbon, quartz sand and glass beads. The volume of the fifth bed is 1 mL to 40 mL and the height of the fifth bed is 1 cm to 20 cm.
8. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that... The first bed is packed with reactor packing material consisting of one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, with a volume of 10 mL to 30 mL and a height of 5 cm to 15 cm; or / and the second bed is packed with a methanol-coupled light hydrocarbon catalyst as the main reaction catalyst, with a volume of 10 mL to 20 mL, a mass of 15 g to 25 g of the main reaction catalyst, and a height of 6 cm to 10 cm; or / and the third bed is packed with reactor packing material consisting of one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, with a volume of 20 mL to 50 mL and a height of 10 cm to 20 cm; or / and the fourth bed has a volume of 20 mL to 30 mL and a height of 3 cm to 5 cm; or / and the fifth bed is packed with reactor packing material consisting of one or more of porous ceramic balls and quartz sand, with a volume of 15 mL to 35 mL and a height of 10 cm to 20 cm.
9. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... When the catalyst for acid deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in graded reactions, the total residence time of the raw materials in the reactor is 5 to 35 seconds.
10. The method of using the catalyst gradation for deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that... When the catalyst for acid deacidification treatment of acidic wastewater is used in a graded reaction, the residence time of the raw material in the first bed is 1 to 10 s, in the second bed is 1 to 5 s, in the third bed is 1 to 10 s, in the fourth bed is 1 to 3 s, and in the fifth bed is 1 to 7 s.