High-performance titanium matrix composite material and method for producing same

Abstract

The application relates to a high-performance titanium-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials. Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, yttrium, zirconium, aluminum, vanadium and titanium are used as raw materials, and the high-performance titanium-based composite material is prepared through vacuum arc melting, hot forging and hot rolling. The addition of zirconium and yttrium simultaneously improves the strength and plasticity of the prepared material. Meanwhile, the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets are in-situ reacted with Ti to form TiB and TiN reinforced materials, the TiB generated on the surface of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets plays a pinning role, effectively inhibits the interface debonding of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets under external load, fully plays the reinforcing effect and makes the material maintain high plasticity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a high-performance titanium-based composite material and its preparation method, belonging to the field of metal matrix composite technology. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium-based composite materials have been widely used in aerospace, military, automotive, medical, and chemical industries due to their excellent mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and low density. Especially in the aerospace field, titanium-based composite materials are used as structural materials, requiring high strength, excellent high-temperature resistance, and good processability. However, traditional titanium-based composite materials present a certain contradiction between high strength and high plasticity; that is, increasing strength often leads to a decrease in plasticity, and vice versa.

[0003] With the increasing demand for high-performance titanium-based composite materials, researchers are constantly exploring titanium-based composite materials that can simultaneously possess high strength and high plasticity. Currently, the strength improvement of titanium-based composite materials mainly relies on the addition of ceramic reinforcing phases and the optimization of hot deformation and heat treatment processes. However, many titanium-based composite materials still face constraints between strength and plasticity. For example, the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet-reinforced titanium-based composite material and its preparation method mentioned in patent CN202310493799.1 are prepared by ball milling and sintering. This method cannot obtain large-size samples to meet industrial needs, and the prepared material cannot achieve a synergistic improvement in strength and plasticity.

[0004] Therefore, developing a new high-strength, high-ductility titanium-based composite material and providing a reasonable preparation method has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. By improving the composition design of titanium-based composite materials, optimizing the forming process, and finely controlling their microstructure, it is possible to maintain excellent mechanical properties under extreme conditions, which is of great significance for the widespread application of titanium-based composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a high-performance titanium-based composite material and its preparation method. The method involves optimizing the raw material formulation and using a process of "vacuum arc melting + hot forging + hot rolling." It is simple to operate, has a short preparation cycle, and has high market application prospects, enabling the efficient preparation of titanium-based composite materials with excellent mechanical properties.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

[0007] A high-performance titanium-based composite material, with the total mass of the composite material being 100%, has the following raw material composition and mass fractions:

[0008] Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.05%~1%; Yttrium 0.01%~0.2%; Zirconium 0.01%~1%; Aluminum 5.0%~7.0%; Vanadium 3.0%~5.0%; The balance is titanium; The zirconium mass fraction is greater than the yttrium mass fraction; the material is prepared by vacuum arc melting, hot forging and hot rolling.

[0009] Preferably, the mass fraction of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets is 0.2% to 0.5%.

[0010] Preferably, the mass fraction of yttrium is 0.05% to 0.15%.

[0011] Preferably, the zirconium has a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.8%.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of yttrium to zirconium is 1:2 to 10; more preferably, it is 1:7 to 9.

[0013] A method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material according to the present invention includes the following steps: (1) The raw materials are at a rate of 1000 t / m 2 The rod-shaped consumable electrode block is extruded under pressure, and then vacuum consumable arc melting is performed more than 3 times. After melting, it is cooled with the furnace to obtain an ingot. The raw materials are hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, sponge titanium, aluminum granules, sponge zirconium, yttrium particles and Al-85V alloy. (2) The ingot is subjected to high-temperature free forging, with an initial forging temperature of 950±10 ℃ and a final forging temperature of ≥850 ℃, to obtain a forged ingot; (3) The forging ingot is subjected to high-temperature vertical bidirectional rolling with an initial rolling temperature of 950±10 ℃ and a final rolling temperature of ≥850℃ to obtain a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0014] Preferably, in step (1), the average size of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets is 20~1000 nm; more preferably, it is 50~100 nm.

[0015] Preferably, in step (1), the smelting conditions are: the vacuum degree of the vacuum self-consuming arc smelting furnace is less than or equal to 5 Pa, the smelting current is 2000~15000 A, and the smelting voltage is 10~40 V.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the forging process is as follows: the ingot is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 950±10 ℃ at a rate of 5~10 ℃ / min, and the holding time is 30~40 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, the final forging temperature is greater than or equal to 850 ℃, and the number of times it is recycled is ≤3.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the deformation amount of high-temperature free forging is 40~60%.

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), the rolling process is as follows: the forging ingot is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 900-950 ℃ at a rate of 10-15 ℃ / min, held for 20-40 min, and then subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature ≥850 ℃; after rolling, the high-performance titanium-based composite material is obtained.

[0019] Preferably, in step (3), the deformation reduction of high-temperature vertical bidirectional rolling is 60~80%.

[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the number of rolling passes is 2n, where n is an integer from 1 to 3, and the number of rolling passes in the two vertical directions is the same.

[0021] Beneficial effects This invention provides a high-performance titanium-based composite material, prepared from hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, yttrium, zirconium, aluminum, vanadium, and titanium through vacuum arc melting, hot forging, and hot rolling. The simultaneous addition of zirconium and yttrium synergistically enhances the strength and plasticity of the prepared material. Furthermore, the in-situ reaction of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets with Ti to form TiB and TiN reinforcing materials, with TiB forming on the surface of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, acts as a pinning agent, effectively suppressing interfacial debonding of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets under external load, fully leveraging its reinforcing effect while maintaining high plasticity.

[0022] This invention provides a method for preparing high-performance titanium-based composite materials. Through melting, hot forging, and hot rolling, the room-temperature strength and plasticity of the material are improved, with a tensile strength exceeding 1300 MPa and an elongation at break exceeding 18.0%. The method is simple, quick, practical, and has high market application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The image shows the room temperature quasi-static tensile stress-strain curve of the composite material described in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1 (1) Raw material composition: 0.3 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.1 wt.% yttrium, 0.8 wt.% zirconium, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0026] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0027] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 10000 A, and a melting voltage of 30 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0028] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and the number of furnace re-forgings ≤ 3 times; the deformation amount is 50%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0029] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and four rolling passes, two passes in each of the two vertical directions, with a deformation reduction of 15% per pass, to obtain a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0030] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1334 MPa and an elongation of 18.5%.

[0031] Example 2 (1) Raw material composition: 0.4 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.05 wt.% yttrium, 0.1 wt.% zirconium, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0032] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0033] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 15000 A, and a melting voltage of 40 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0034] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and a furnace return time of ≤3 times. The deformation amount is 60%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0035] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and two rolling passes, one pass in each of the two vertical directions. The deformation reduction in each pass is 30%, resulting in a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0036] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1263 MPa and an elongation of 15.5%.

[0037] Example 3 (1) Raw material composition: 0.25 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.15 wt.% yttrium, 0.75 wt.% zirconium, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0038] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0039] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 8000 A, and a melting voltage of 30 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0040] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and the number of furnace re-forgings ≤ 3 times; the deformation amount is 40%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0041] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and 6 rolling passes, 3 passes in each of the two vertical directions, and a deformation reduction of 10% in each pass to obtain a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0042] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1288 MPa and an elongation of 14.0%.

[0043] Comparative Example 1 (1) Raw material composition: 0.3 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0044] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0045] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 10000 A, and a melting voltage of 30 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0046] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and the number of furnace re-forgings ≤ 3 times; the deformation amount is 50%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0047] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and four rolling passes, two passes in each of the two vertical directions, with a deformation reduction of 15% per pass, to obtain a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0048] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1214 MPa and an elongation of 12%.

[0049] Comparative Example 2 (1) Raw material composition: 0.3 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.8 wt.% zirconium, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0050] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0051] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 10000 A, and a melting voltage of 30 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0052] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and the number of furnace re-forgings ≤ 3 times; the deformation amount is 50%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0053] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and four rolling passes, two passes in each of the two vertical directions, with a deformation reduction of 15% per pass, to obtain the high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0054] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1253 MPa and an elongation of 10.5%.

[0055] Comparative Example 3 (1) Raw material composition: 0.3 wt.% hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.1 wt.% yttrium, 6.5 wt.% aluminum, 4 wt.% vanadium, and the balance is titanium.

[0056] (2) Place the raw materials into the cold pressing device, at 1000 t / m 2 Rod-shaped consumable electrode blocks are obtained by extrusion under pressure.

[0057] (3) The consumable electrode was subjected to three vacuum consumable melting processes with a vacuum degree better than 5 Pa, a melting current of 10000 A, and a melting voltage of 30 V to obtain a titanium-based composite material ingot.

[0058] (4) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out, with a final forging temperature of not less than 850 ℃ and the number of furnace re-forgings ≤ 3 times; the deformation amount is 50%, and a titanium-based composite material forging ingot is obtained.

[0059] (5) The ingot is placed in a muffle furnace for heating at a heating rate of 10 ℃ / min, a holding temperature of 950 ℃, and a holding time of 30 min. After the holding time, it is subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature of not less than 850 ℃, and four rolling passes, two passes in each of the two vertical directions, with a deformation reduction of 15% per pass, to obtain the high-performance titanium-based composite material.

[0060] The composite material was tested and found to have a tensile strength of 1221 MPa and an elongation of 13.5%.

[0061] In summary, the invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments. Any equivalent substitutions or partial improvements made under the spirit and principles of this invention shall be considered to be within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance titanium-based composite material, characterized in that: With the total mass of the composite material being 100%, its raw material composition and mass fractions are as follows: Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, 0.05%~1%; Yttrium 0.01%~0.2%; Zirconium 0.01%~1%; Aluminum 5.0%~7.0%; Vanadium 3.0%~5.0%; The balance is titanium; The zirconium mass fraction is greater than the yttrium mass fraction; the material is prepared by vacuum arc melting, hot forging and hot rolling.

2. The high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets is 0.2%~0.5%; And / or, the mass fraction of the yttrium is 0.05% to 0.15%; And / or, the zirconium mass fraction is 0.1% to 0.8%.

3. A high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of yttrium to zirconium is 1:2 to 10; preferably 1:7 to 9.

4. A method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The method steps include: (1) The raw materials are at a rate of 1000 t / m 2 The rod-shaped consumable electrode block is extruded under pressure, and then vacuum consumable arc melting is performed more than 3 times. After melting, it is cooled with the furnace to obtain an ingot. The raw materials are hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets, sponge titanium, aluminum granules, sponge zirconium, yttrium particles and Al-85V alloy. (2) The ingot is subjected to high-temperature free forging, with an initial forging temperature of 950±10 ℃ and a final forging temperature of ≥850 ℃, to obtain a forged ingot; (3) The forging ingot is subjected to high-temperature vertical bidirectional rolling with an initial rolling temperature of 950±10 ℃ and a final rolling temperature of ≥850 ℃ to obtain a high-performance titanium-based composite material.

5. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the average size of the hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets is 20~1000 nm; more preferably 50~100 nm.

6. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (1), the smelting conditions are: the vacuum degree of the vacuum self-consuming arc smelting furnace is less than or equal to 5 Pa, the smelting current is 2000~15000 A, and the smelting voltage is 10~40 V.

7. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the forging process is as follows: the ingot is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 950±10 ℃ at a rate of 5~10 ℃ / min. The holding time is 30~40 min. After the holding time is completed, hot forging is carried out. The final forging temperature is greater than or equal to 850 ℃, and the number of times it is recycled is ≤3.

8. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), the deformation amount of high-temperature free forging is 40~60%.

9. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (3), the rolling process is as follows: the forging ingot is placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 900-950 ℃ at a rate of 10-15 ℃ / min, held for 20-40 min, and then subjected to vertical bidirectional hot rolling with a final rolling temperature ≥850 ℃. After rolling, the high-performance titanium-based composite material is obtained.

10. The method for preparing a high-performance titanium-based composite material as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step (3), the deformation reduction during high-temperature vertical bidirectional rolling is 60-80%; And / or, in step (3), the number of rolling passes is 2n, where n is an integer from 1 to 3, and the number of rolling passes in the two vertical directions is the same.

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