A pile hole verticality detection device and method for a pile foundation

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of pile hole verticality detection device and detection method of pile foundation, belong to the field of construction, for solving the problem that verticality detection device cannot accurately, reliably detect the verticality of pile hole;Including: crossbeam, fixed mechanism, detection mechanism, wherein, detection mechanism includes support beam and distance detection piece;Crossbeam is fixed on casing by fixed mechanism, then crossbeam is adjusted to horizontal state by adjusting mechanism, establishes measurement datum for subsequent verticality detection, guarantees the accuracy of measurement result, avoids the system error caused by casing uneven or device installation deviation;Support beam is rotatably connected with crossbeam, so that it can be rotated to multiple angular directions;Distance detection piece is slidably connected with support beam, so that it can move along radial direction, so that distance detection piece can continuously scan in multiple directions and multiple positions on the inner wall of pile hole, obtain dense hole wall distance data, truly reflect the three-dimensional form of pile hole, guarantee the accuracy of data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building construction, and in particular relates to a device and method for detecting the verticality of pile holes in pile foundations. Background Technology

[0002] In building construction, pile foundations are a crucial type of foundation for bearing the loads of the superstructure, and their construction quality directly affects the safety and stability of the entire building. During the construction of pile foundation holes (such as bored piles), complex geological conditions, improper construction techniques, and drilling rig operation errors can easily lead to verticality deviations such as tilting and bending of the pile holes. If the verticality of the pile hole exceeds the design specifications, it will not only weaken the vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation but also generate additional bending moments under horizontal loads, and may even cause the pile to fracture, posing a serious safety hazard to the engineering structure. However, existing verticality testing devices cannot accurately and reliably detect the verticality of pile holes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a pile hole verticality detection device and detection method for pile foundations, so as to solve the problem that the existing verticality detection devices cannot accurately and reliably detect the verticality of pile holes.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations, comprising: a crossbeam; a fixing mechanism for fixing the crossbeam to a casing; an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the horizontality of the crossbeam; and a detection mechanism for detecting the verticality of the pile hole. The detection mechanism includes a support beam and a distance detection element; the support beam is rotatably connected to the crossbeam at its middle portion, and a distance detection element is provided at at least one end of the support beam, and the distance detection element is slidably connected to the support beam; the distance detection element is used to measure the vertical distance between a point radially on the casing and the hole wall.

[0005] Optionally, the detection mechanism also includes two rollers, and there are two distance detection elements; the middle part of the support beam is rotatably connected to the middle part of the crossbeam; each end of the support beam is rotatably connected to a roller; the rollers are used for rolling connection with the top of the casing; each distance detection element is slidably connected to the support beam and located between the corresponding roller and the middle part of the support beam.

[0006] Optionally, there are two fixing mechanisms and two adjusting mechanisms, and they are set one-to-one; each end of the crossbeam is connected to the corresponding fixing mechanism through an adjusting mechanism; the adjusting mechanism is used to adjust the levelness of the crossbeam.

[0007] Optionally, each fixing mechanism includes two spaced-apart arc-shaped clamping plates, the distance between the two arc-shaped clamping plates being less than or equal to the thickness of the casing.

[0008] Optionally, two guide blocks are provided at intervals at the ends of the crossbeam. The distance between the two guide blocks is greater than the thickness of the casing, and the distance gradually increases in the direction away from the crossbeam.

[0009] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate, a limiting block, a first adjustment component, and a second adjustment component; the mounting plate is connected to the top of the fixing mechanism; the lower side of the limiting block abuts against the upper side of the crossbeam; the first adjustment component is connected to the mounting plate and the limiting block and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam in the length direction relative to the horizontal plane; the second adjustment component is connected to the mounting plate and the limiting block and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam in the width direction relative to the horizontal plane.

[0010] Optionally, the first adjustment component includes a first screw and an elastic element; a through hole is provided on the limiting block, and a threaded hole is provided on the mounting plate; one end of the first screw is a knob end, and the other end passes through the through hole and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole; the elastic element is located between the limiting block and the mounting plate, and is used to apply an upward force to the limiting block so that the upper side of the limiting block abuts against the knob end.

[0011] Optionally, the second adjusting assembly includes two second screws, two nuts, and two elastic washers, with each screw, nut, and elastic washer corresponding to the other. The first screw is located between the two second screws. The two ends of the limiting block are wedge-shaped, and receiving grooves are provided at the corresponding wedge positions. A clearance groove is provided on the crossbeam. The two ends of the mounting plate are rotatably connected to one end of a second screw, and the other end of the second screw passes through the clearance groove and the receiving groove in sequence before being connected to the nut. The elastic washer is sleeved on the second screw and sandwiched between the nut and the wedge-shaped surface of the limiting block.

[0012] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism also includes a level on the crossbeam, the level including a tray containing liquid and air bubbles.

[0013] On the other hand, a method for detecting the verticality of pile holes in pile foundations is also provided, including the pile hole verticality detection device as described above, and further including: Installation steps: Fix the crossbeam to the casing using the fixing mechanism, and adjust the levelness of the crossbeam using the adjusting mechanism; Detection steps: Move the distance detection component to slide on the support beam, and use the distance detection component to detect the vertical distance between a point on the radial side of the casing and the hole wall; Data processing steps: Determine whether the vertical distance detected by the distance measuring device is less than the hole depth; if the vertical distance is less than the hole depth, calculate the verticality of the pile hole by measuring the distance from the point where the vertical distance is measured by the distance measuring device to the center of the casing and the inner radius of the casing.

[0014] As described above, the pile hole verticality detection device and method of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The crossbeam is fixed to the casing by a fixing mechanism, and then the crossbeam is adjusted to a horizontal state by an adjustment mechanism. This establishes an accurate and stable measurement benchmark for subsequent verticality testing, fundamentally ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results and avoiding systematic errors caused by uneven casing or device installation deviations.

[0015] 2. The support beam and crossbeam are rotatably connected, allowing them to rotate to multiple angles; the distance detection component is slidably connected to the support beam, enabling it to move radially. Through a combination of rotation and sliding motion, the distance detection component can continuously scan the inner wall of the pile hole in multiple directions and positions, acquiring dense hole wall distance data, accurately reflecting the three-dimensional morphology of the pile hole, and ensuring data accuracy.

[0016] 3. The overall structure consists of a crossbeam, a fixing mechanism, an adjusting mechanism, and a detection mechanism, with few components and simple assembly. In field use, only the crossbeam needs to be fixed and leveled before measurement can be performed by rotating the support beam and sliding distance detection piece. The operation process is clear and simple, improving on-site testing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The diagram shows a pile hole verticality detection device of the present invention installed on the casing.

[0018] Figure 2 The diagram shows an angle structure of a pile hole verticality detection device for a pile foundation according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 The diagram shows an angled structure of the end of the beam of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing another angle of the end of the beam of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a partial cutaway view of the crossbeam of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 Displayed as Figure 5 An enlarged diagram of point A in the diagram.

[0023] Component designation explanation: 1. Crossbeam; 11. Guide block; 2. Fixing mechanism; 21. Arc-shaped clamping plate; 3. Adjustment mechanism; 31. Mounting plate; 32. Limiting block; 33. First adjustment component; 331. First screw; 332. Elastic element; 34. Second adjustment component; 341. Second screw; 342. Nut; 343. Elastic pad; 35. Level; 4. Detection mechanism; 41. Support beam; 42. Distance detection component; 43. Roller; 44. Plumb bob; 45. Metal induction plate; 10. Casing; 20. Pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0025] Please refer to all the accompanying drawings below. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0026] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0027] Please see Figure 1-2 This invention provides a pile hole verticality testing device 20, comprising: a crossbeam 1, a fixing mechanism 2, an adjusting mechanism 3, and a testing mechanism 4. The fixing mechanism 2 is used to fix the crossbeam 1 to the casing 10. The adjusting mechanism 3 is used to adjust the horizontality of the crossbeam 1. The testing mechanism 4 is used to test the verticality of the pile hole; the testing mechanism 4 includes a support beam 41 and a distance measuring element 42; the support beam 41 is rotatably connected to the middle of the crossbeam 1, and a distance measuring element 42 is provided on at least one end of the support beam 41, and the distance measuring element 42 is slidably connected to the support beam 41; the distance measuring element 42 is used to measure the vertical distance between a point in the radial direction of the casing 10 and the hole wall.

[0028] In this embodiment, the crossbeam 1 is a rigid beam that spans across the casing 10 of the pile hole to be tested. The fixing mechanism 2 is installed at both ends of the crossbeam 1 to securely fix the entire device to the top edge of the casing 10. The adjusting mechanism 3 is connected between the fixing mechanism 2 and the crossbeam 1 to adjust the orientation of the crossbeam 1, ensuring it is horizontal and establishing a reliable reference for subsequent accurate measurements.

[0029] The support beam 41 is rotatably connected to the middle of the crossbeam 1 via a pivot, allowing the support beam 41 to rotate around the pivot in the horizontal plane. A distance detection element 42 is slidably connected to at least one end of the support beam 41. This distance detection element 42 can slide back and forth along the length of the support beam 41. Alternatively, the distance detection element 42 can be a non-contact ranging component such as a laser rangefinder or an infrared rangefinder, or it can be an ultrasonic rangefinder or a contact displacement sensor. The sliding connection between the distance detection element 42 and the support beam 41 can be achieved through a guide rail slider mechanism, a linear bearing and guide rod mechanism, or a dovetail groove structure.

[0030] The sliding drive of the distance detection element 42 can be manual or automatic. In the manual implementation, the user can manually push the distance detection element 42 to slide on the support beam 41. The support beam 41 can also be provided with scale lines to allow the user to intuitively read the movement displacement of the distance detection element 42. In the automatic implementation, the distance detection element 42 can be driven to slide by a motor in conjunction with a lead screw drive assembly, a synchronous belt drive assembly, or a linear motor, etc. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0031] In use, the user first installs the crossbeam 1 on the protective sleeve 10 using the fixing mechanism 2, and then operates the adjusting mechanism 3 to adjust the crossbeam 1 to a horizontal state. Subsequently, the driving distance detection element 42 slides on the support beam 41 from the side closer to the crossbeam 1 to the side farther away from the crossbeam 1, and continuously measures the vertical distance from the crossbeam 1 to the hole wall using the distance detection element 42.

[0032] Ideally, if the pile hole is perfectly vertical and the hole wall is smooth, the vertical distance measured by the distance detection element 42 at different sliding positions should be the hole depth. When the distance detection element 42 slides to a certain position, if the measured distance value changes abruptly relative to the hole depth, it can be determined that there is an inwardly tilted or inwardly protruding foreign object at the corresponding hole wall position. At this time, the position of the distance detection element 42 on the support beam 41 is recorded and designated as a feature point.

[0033] Due to the construction characteristics of pile foundation holes, if the pile hole tilts as a whole, this tilt usually exists continuously from the hole opening to the bottom of the hole. Therefore, after identifying the feature point, by combining the inner radius of the casing 10 and the horizontal distance from the feature point to the center of the casing 10 (i.e., the projection point of the center of the crossbeam 1 onto the hole opening plane), the radial offset of the pile hole at that depth can be calculated, and thus the verticality deviation of the pile hole in that direction can be obtained.

[0034] Due to the complexity of geological conditions, there may be localized protruding gravel, mud, or other foreign objects on the borehole wall. Relying solely on measurement data from a single direction and location to determine verticality can easily lead to misjudgment due to these localized interference factors. To address this issue, this embodiment configures the support beam 41 to be rotatably connected to the crossbeam 1. During measurement, the user can rotate the support beam 41 to multiple different angular directions and repeat the aforementioned sliding measurement process in each direction to obtain borehole wall distance data in multiple radial directions.

[0035] During data processing, measurement data from multiple directions and locations are comprehensively compared and analyzed. When the measurement data from multiple directions are identical within a certain depth range, it can be determined that the data reflects the true inclination state of the pile hole. Conversely, if in the measurement data of a certain angle direction, individual data points differ significantly from the data of most other directions or adjacent locations (e.g., the distance value of a point suddenly decreases and then recovers), it can be determined that the abnormal point is likely caused by interference from local protruding gravel or other foreign objects. In the final calculation of verticality, such abnormal data can be removed, and only the data that appears most frequently among multiple data points can be selected as the verticality calculation data, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0036] Please see Figure 1-2 The detection mechanism 4 also includes two rollers 43 and two distance detection elements 42. The middle part of the support beam 41 is rotatably connected to the middle part of the crossbeam 1, so that the midpoint of the support beam 41 coincides with the midpoint of the crossbeam 1. A roller 43 is rotatably connected to each end of the support beam 41. The roller 43 forms rolling contact with the top edge of the casing 10. When the support beam 41 needs to rotate, the rollers 43 at both ends roll on the top of the casing 10. This rolling support method makes the rotation of the support beam 41 more stable and smooth, reducing frictional resistance. Two distance detection elements 42 are slidably connected to the support beam 41. Each distance detection element 42 is located between the corresponding roller 43 and the middle part of the support beam 41, so that a single rotation can realize synchronous measurement of the borehole walls on both sides, improving data acquisition efficiency.

[0037] Please see Figure 1 , 2-3. At each end of the crossbeam 1, a fixing mechanism 2 and an adjusting mechanism 3 are respectively installed. Each fixing mechanism 2 is used to fix to one side of the casing 10, and each adjusting mechanism 3 is connected between the fixing mechanism 2 on that side and the end of the crossbeam 1, used to adjust the angle of that end relative to the fixing mechanism 2. The operator installs the fixing mechanisms 2 at both ends on both sides of the casing 10. Then, by adjusting the adjusting mechanism 3 at each end, the inclination of the left and right ends of the crossbeam 1 can be changed respectively, thereby adjusting the overall levelness of the crossbeam 1. The design of adjusting at both ends makes the levelness adjustment more flexible and precise. Compared with single-point adjustment, this bilateral adjustment method can more effectively eliminate the influence of uneven top of the casing 10 or installation deviation, ensuring that the crossbeam 1 reaches the ideal level state, and guaranteeing the accuracy of subsequent verticality measurements from the source.

[0038] Each fixing mechanism 2 includes two arc-shaped clamping plates 21. The arc-shaped clamping plates 21 are designed to fit snugly against the inner and outer walls of the circular protective sleeve 10, increasing the contact area and improving the stability and reliability of the fixing. The design that the clamping gap is less than or equal to the thickness of the protective sleeve 10 ensures that the clamping plates can generate sufficient clamping force, preventing the device from shaking or shifting during use and ensuring the stability of the measurement reference.

[0039] At each end of the crossbeam 1, two guide blocks 11 extend downwards. A clamping opening formed by two arc-shaped clamping plates 21 is located between them. The opening between these two guide blocks 11 is "V-shaped," meaning the opening size gradually increases from the end closer to the crossbeam 1 to the end farther away from the crossbeam 1, and the minimum spacing (closer to the crossbeam 1) is greater than the thickness of the protective sleeve 10. This serves to guide and position the installation, greatly simplifying the installation process, reducing operational difficulty and alignment accuracy requirements, and improving on-site installation efficiency.

[0040] The adjustment mechanism 3 includes a mounting plate 31, a limiting block 32, a first adjustment component 33, and a second adjustment component 34. The mounting plate 31 is connected to the top of the fixing mechanism 2, specifically to the top of the two arc-shaped clamping plates 21. The lower side of the limiting block 32 abuts against the upper side of the crossbeam 1. The first adjustment component 33 is connected to the mounting plate 31 and the limiting block 32, and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam 1 in the length direction. The second adjustment component 34 is connected to the mounting plate 31 and the limiting block 32, and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam 1 in the width direction.

[0041] The first adjusting assembly 33 may include a first screw 331 and an elastic element 332. Figure 4(The elastic element is omitted in the original text). The limiting block 32 has a through hole, and the mounting plate 31 has a threaded hole. One end of the first screw 331 is a knob end, and its outer contour is larger than the diameter of the through hole. The other end of the first screw 331 passes through the through hole and is threaded into the threaded hole. Both ends of the crossbeam 1 are also provided with U-shaped openings for the first screw 331 to pass through. The elastic element 332 is located between the limiting block 32 and the mounting plate 31, and is used to apply an upward force to the limiting block 32 so that the upper side of the limiting block 32 abuts against the knob end. The elastic element 332 can be a spring, which can be sleeved on the first screw 331. One end of the spring abuts against the bottom of the limiting block 32, and the other end abuts against the mounting plate 31. The spring applies an upward thrust to the limiting block 32.

[0042] In use, when the knob end of the first screw 331 is rotated, the screw will move up and down due to the engagement of the screw with the threaded hole of the mounting plate 31. When the screw rises, its knob end pushes the limiting block 32 downward against the elastic force of the elastic element 332; when the screw falls, the elastic force of the elastic element 332 pushes the limiting block 32 upward, so that its upper side always remains in contact with the knob end. The up and down movement of the limiting block 32 drives the end of the crossbeam 1 connected to it to rise and fall synchronously, thereby adjusting the center line of the crossbeam 1 in its length direction to be horizontal.

[0043] The second adjusting assembly 34 may include two second screws 341, two nuts 342, and two elastic pads 343. The second screws 341, nuts 342, and elastic pads 343 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, with the first screw 331 located between the two second screws 341. The two ends of the limiting block 32 are wedge-shaped, and corresponding to the wedge positions are receiving grooves for the second screws 341 to pass through; these receiving grooves are oblong-shaped holes. The crossbeam 1 is provided with clearance grooves for the second screws 341 to pass through; these clearance grooves are also oblong-shaped holes. The two ends of the mounting plate 31 are rotatably connected to one end of each of the second screws 341, and the other ends of the second screws 341 pass through the clearance grooves and are connected to the nuts 342. The elastic pads 343 may be made of elastic materials such as rubber; they are fitted onto the second screws 341 and sandwiched between the nuts 342 and the wedge-shaped surfaces of the limiting block 32.

[0044] After coarsely adjusting the height of the end of the crossbeam 1 using the first screw 331, if the centerline of the crossbeam 1 in the width direction is not horizontal, one of the nuts 342 can be rotated. The nut 342 applies pressure to the wedge-shaped surface of the limiting block 32 through the elastic pad 343, causing the crossbeam 1 to slightly deflect, thus ensuring the crossbeam 1 is horizontal. It should be understood that since the diameter of the first screw 331 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole, and an elastic element 332 is provided between the limiting block 32 and the mounting plate 31, tightening the nut 342 will cause the limiting block 32 to rotate. Furthermore, when the first adjusting component 33 is adjusting, the nut 342 of the second adjusting component 34 can be loosened, allowing the first adjusting component 33 to move the crossbeam 1 up and down.

[0045] In addition, since the limiting block 32 has a wedge-shaped structure, the elastic pad 343 serves two purposes: first, it can buffer and prevent loosening; second, it can ensure that the nut 342 can contact the wedge-shaped surface.

[0046] The upper side of the end of the crossbeam 1 is provided with a limiting groove that matches the limiting block 32, so that after the limiting block 32 is placed into the limiting groove, the limiting block 32 only has the freedom of up and down movement. In this way, when the first adjusting component 33 and the second adjusting component 34 are adjusted, they can drive the limiting block 32 and the crossbeam 1 to move as a whole.

[0047] Please see Figure 2 , 5 -6. In this embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 3 also includes a level 35 disposed on the crossbeam 1. The level 35 has a transparent tray containing liquid and air bubbles.

[0048] During the process of adjusting the horizontality of the crossbeam 1 using the adjustment mechanism 3, the operator can observe the level 35 at any time. By observing the position of the bubble in the tray, the current tilt state of the crossbeam 1 can be visually judged. When the bubble is centered, it indicates that the crossbeam 1 has basically reached a horizontal position.

[0049] A plumb bob 44 is also installed on the lower side of the crossbeam 1, suspended by a rope. Around the plumb bob 44, multiple metal sensor plates 45 are arranged at intervals around its circumference. The plumb bob 44, the rope (which may contain sensor wires), and the metal sensor plates 45 are all electrically connected to a display. After the crossbeam 1 is leveled, the plumb bob 44 hangs naturally under gravity, pointing towards the center of the earth. If the pile hole itself is tilted, when the plumb bob 44 is lowered into the hole, it will sway under gravity. When the tilt exceeds a preset threshold, the plumb bob 44 will contact or collide with a metal sensor plate 45 in a certain direction. This contact signal is transmitted to the display via the sensor wires, and the display can then indicate the direction of the tilt to the operator.

[0050] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the verticality of pile holes in pile foundations, which includes the aforementioned pile hole verticality detection device 20, and further includes the following steps: Installation steps: Fix the crossbeam 1 to the casing 10 using the fixing mechanism 2, and adjust the level of the crossbeam 1 using the adjusting mechanism 3.

[0051] In this step, the guide blocks 11 at both ends of the crossbeam 1 are first used to guide the installation of the crossbeam 1. Since the opening between the two guide blocks 11 is "V-shaped" and the minimum distance between them is greater than the thickness of the protective sleeve 10, the operator only needs to roughly align the crossbeam 1 with the center of the protective sleeve 10 and lower it. The edge of the protective sleeve 10 will naturally enter the space between the two guide blocks 11 and be automatically guided to the correct installation position under the guidance of the inclined surface of the guide blocks 11, so that the clamping mouth formed by the two arc-shaped clamping plates 21 in each fixing mechanism 2 can accurately engage with the edge of the protective sleeve 10.

[0052] Subsequently, the leveling mechanism 3 is used to adjust the horizontality of the crossbeam 1. Specifically, the operator observes the level 35 (bubble level 35) mounted on the crossbeam 1 while simultaneously operating the first adjusting component 33 and the second adjusting component 34. In the initial adjustment phase, the nut 342 of the second adjusting component 34 can be loosened first, and then the first screw 331 of the first adjusting component 33 can be rotated. When the first screw 331 rises, its knob end pushes the limiting block 32 downward against the elastic force of the elastic element 332, causing the end of the crossbeam 1 to descend; when the first screw 331 descends, the elastic force of the elastic element 332 pushes the limiting block 32 upward, causing the end of the crossbeam 1 to rise. By adjusting the second screws 341 at both ends of the crossbeam 1 respectively, the centerline of the crossbeam 1 in its length direction is initially leveled.

[0053] Next, observe the position of the bubble in the level 35 along the width of the beam 1. If the centerline of the beam 1 in the width direction is not horizontal, rotate the corresponding nut 342 in the second adjustment assembly 34. The nut 342 applies pressure to the wedge-shaped surface of the limiting block 32 through the elastic pad 343. Since the diameter of the first screw 331 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole on the limiting block 32 and the elastic element 332 can deform, this pressure will cause the limiting block 32 and the beam 1 connected to it to deflect slightly until the bubble is centered, indicating that the beam 1 has reached a precise level. Finally, tighten each locking nut 342 appropriately to ensure that the adjusted posture is stable and reliable.

[0054] Detection steps: Drive the distance detection component 42 to slide on the support beam 41, and use the distance detection component 42 to detect the vertical distance between the radial point of the protective sleeve 10 and the hole wall.

[0055] In this step, the rollers 43 at both ends of the support beam 41 form rolling contact with the top edge of the casing 10, allowing the support beam 41 to rotate smoothly in the horizontal plane around its connection axis with the crossbeam 1. During the measurement process, the operator (or the automatic control system) drives the support beam 41 to rotate to multiple angular directions. In each angular direction, the distance detection element 42 slides on the support beam 41 from the side closer to the crossbeam 1 to the side farther away from the crossbeam 1, while continuously measuring the vertical distance from the distance detection element 42 to the borehole wall. The sliding of the distance detection element 42 can be done manually (by pushing the distance detection element 42 to slide and reading the scale lines on the support beam 41 to record the position) or automatically (by using a motor-driven lead screw or other transmission components to achieve precise sliding). Through the combination of the rotation of the support beam 41 and the sliding of the distance detection element 42, the device can obtain borehole wall distance data in multiple radial directions and at multiple radial positions, forming a dense scan of the inner wall of the pile hole.

[0056] As an auxiliary test, after the crossbeam 1 is leveled, it can be observed whether the plumb bob 44 located on the underside of the crossbeam 1 comes into contact with the surrounding metal induction plates 45. If the plumb bob 44 touches the induction plates, the display will indicate the tilt direction, and the operator can use this to make a preliminary judgment on whether there is a significant deviation in the pile hole.

[0057] Data processing steps: Determine whether the vertical distance detected by the distance detection element 42 is less than the hole depth; if the vertical distance is less than the hole depth, calculate the verticality of the pile hole by measuring the distance from the point where the vertical distance is measured by the distance detection element 42 to the center of the casing 10 and the inner radius of the casing 10.

[0058] In this step, the calculation module receives multiple sets of data collected in the detection step and processes them as follows: First, a preliminary assessment is made of the vertical distance data obtained at each measurement point. Ideally, if the pile hole is perfectly vertical and the hole wall is smooth, the vertical distance measured by the distance detection piece 42 at different sliding positions should be equal to the hole depth. When the distance value measured at a certain position changes abruptly from the theoretical value (e.g., significantly less than the hole depth), it indicates that there may be an inwardly tilted or inwardly protruding foreign object at the corresponding hole wall, and this position is recorded as a feature point.

[0059] Subsequently, measurement data from multiple directions and locations were comprehensively compared and analyzed. Due to the complexity of geological conditions, there may be localized protruding debris such as gravel and mud on the borehole wall. To eliminate these local interferences, the calculation module processed the data in the following manner: When measurement data from multiple directions within a certain depth range exhibit a consistent and regular trend, it is determined that the data reflects the true inclination state of the pile hole.

[0060] If, in the measurement data for a certain angle, an individual data point differs significantly from the data in most other directions or adjacent locations (e.g., the distance value of a point suddenly decreases and then recovers), then the abnormal point is determined to be caused by interference from a locally protruding foreign object and is removed from the calculation. Only the data that appears most frequently in multiple data sets are selected as the perpendicularity calculation data to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.

[0061] In summary, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial application value.

[0062] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the verticality of pile holes in pile foundations, characterized in that, include: beam; A fixing mechanism is provided for fixing the crossbeam to the protective sleeve; An adjustment mechanism is provided for adjusting the levelness of the crossbeam. A testing mechanism, used to test the verticality of the pile hole; The detection mechanism includes a support beam and a distance detection element; the support beam is rotatably connected to the middle of the crossbeam, and a distance detection element is provided on at least one end of the support beam, and the distance detection element is slidably connected to the support beam; the distance detection element is used to measure the vertical distance between a point on the radial side of the casing and the hole wall.

2. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection mechanism also includes two rollers, and there are two distance detection elements; The middle part of the support beam is rotatably connected to the middle part of the crossbeam; Each end of the support beam is rotatably connected to a roller; the rollers are used for rolling connection with the top of the protective cylinder; Each of the distance detection elements is slidably connected to the support beam and is located between the corresponding roller and the middle of the support beam.

3. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two fixing mechanisms and two adjusting mechanisms, and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. Both ends of the crossbeam are connected to the corresponding fixing mechanism through an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the levelness of the crossbeam.

4. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each of the fixing mechanisms includes two spaced-apart arc-shaped clamping plates, the distance between the two arc-shaped clamping plates being less than or equal to the thickness of the protective sleeve.

5. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two guide blocks are spaced apart at the end of the crossbeam. The distance between the two guide blocks is greater than the thickness of the protective sleeve, and the distance gradually increases in the direction away from the crossbeam.

6. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate, a limiting block, a first adjustment component, and a second adjustment component; the mounting plate is connected to the top of the fixing mechanism; the lower side of the limiting block abuts against the upper side of the crossbeam; the first adjustment component is connected to the mounting plate and the limiting block, and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam in the length direction relative to the horizontal plane; the second adjustment component is connected to the mounting plate and the limiting block, and is used to adjust the levelness of the centerline of the crossbeam in the width direction relative to the horizontal plane.

7. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first adjusting assembly includes a first screw and an elastic element; The limiting block is provided with a through hole, and the mounting plate is provided with a threaded hole. One end of the first screw is a knob end, and the other end passes through the through hole and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole. The elastic element is located between the limiting block and the mounting plate and is used to apply an upward force to the limiting block so that the upper side of the limiting block abuts against the knob end.

8. The pile hole verticality detection device for pile foundations according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The second adjusting assembly includes two second screws, two nuts, and two elastic washers, with each of the second screws, nuts, and elastic washers corresponding to one another; the first screw is located between the two second screws. The two ends of the limiting block are wedge-shaped, and a receiving groove is provided at the position of the wedge shape; The crossbeam is provided with a clearance groove; Both ends of the mounting plate are rotatably connected to one end of a second screw, and the other end of the second screw passes through the clearance groove and the receiving groove in sequence and is connected to the nut; The elastic pad is sleeved on the second screw and sandwiched between the nut and the wedge-shaped surface of the limiting block.

9. The pile hole verticality testing device for pile foundations according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism also includes a level on the crossbeam, the level including a tray containing liquid and air bubbles.

10. A method for detecting the verticality of pile holes in pile foundations, characterized in that, The pile hole verticality testing device for pile foundations as described in any one of claims 1-9 further includes: Installation steps: Fix the crossbeam to the casing using the fixing mechanism, and adjust the levelness of the crossbeam using the adjusting mechanism; Detection steps: Move the distance detection component to slide on the support beam, and use the distance detection component to detect the vertical distance between a point on the radial side of the casing and the hole wall; Data processing steps: Determine whether the vertical distance detected by the distance measuring device is less than the hole depth; if the vertical distance is less than the hole depth, calculate the verticality of the pile hole by measuring the distance from the point where the vertical distance is measured by the distance measuring device to the center of the casing and the inner radius of the casing.

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