A method for identifying a failure mode based on a radar of a slope of an open-pit mine

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on open-pit mine slope radar's damage mode identification method, based on the displacement of corner reflector measured according to the coordinate change of each corner reflector in three-dimensional coordinate system monitored each time by slope radar, according to the size of displacement, the corner reflector of preliminary screening exists abnormal motion;The corner reflector of preliminary screening is carried out clustering analysis, and the corner reflector of all preliminary screening is split into multiple different by corner reflector Abnormal deformation set formed;Build damage mode identification model, respectively to the spatial displacement change characteristics of all the abnormal deformation set by multiple corner reflectors is trained learning, to identify the corresponding relationship between the spatial displacement change characteristics corresponding to each damage mode and damage mode, to determine the four damage modes corresponding to abnormal deformation set;The application determines the corresponding relationship between the spatial displacement change characteristics of slope and damage mode, so that the damage mode corresponding to different regions can be managed by partition targeting.

Claims

1. A method for identifying damage patterns on open-pit mine slopes based on radar, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 100: Construct a three-dimensional coordinate system for the target monitoring area, and grid the corner reflectors within the target monitoring area. Calculate the displacement of each corner reflector based on the coordinate changes of each corner reflector detected by the slope radar in the three-dimensional coordinate system. Based on the magnitude of the displacement, preliminarily screen out corner reflectors exhibiting abnormal movement. Specifically, the corner reflectors identified sequentially during slope radar monitoring of the target area are defined as sequence number i, and the initial three-dimensional coordinate values ​​(x, y, y) of each corner reflector initially acquired are determined. 1i y 1i , z 1i ), and the real-time three-dimensional coordinates (x, y) of the corner reflector acquired each time during the monitoring process. ji y ji , z ji ); Step 200: Perform cluster analysis on the initially screened corner reflectors, grouping anomalous corner reflector points that are spatially continuous and have similar motion characteristics into clusters, and splitting all the initially screened corner reflectors into multiple sets of anomalous deformations composed of different corner reflectors. Assign a cluster label to the corner reflectors within each set of anomalous deformations; Draw the corner reflector for each of the anomalous deformation sets in the three-dimensional coordinate system (X, Y, Z); Calculate the displacement vector field for each of the abnormal deformation sets, and calculate the displacement characteristics of the displacement vector field. Check whether the displacement vectors within the same abnormal deformation set are consistent in direction and magnitude. If the displacement vectors within the same set of abnormal deformations are inconsistent in direction and magnitude, adjust... , , and the neighborhood radius and cluster point number parameters for each of the aforementioned abnormal deformation sets; If the displacement vectors within the same set of abnormal deformations are consistent in both direction and magnitude, then the set of abnormal deformations is considered to belong to the same cluster. Step 300: Construct a damage mode recognition model, and train and learn the spatial displacement change features of all abnormal deformation sets composed of multiple corner reflectors to identify the correspondence between the spatial displacement change features and the damage mode corresponding to each damage mode, so as to determine that the abnormal deformation set corresponds to four damage modes: arc sliding, planar sliding, wedge sliding or tilting deformation. In step 300, the method for constructing a damage mode recognition model to identify the correspondence between the spatial displacement change characteristics and the damage mode for each damage mode is as follows: Obtain the initial three-dimensional coordinates (x, y) of all corner reflectors within each set of anomalous deformations. 1i y 1i , z 1i ), and the real-time three-dimensional coordinates (x) of the corner reflector. ji y ji , z ji ); The initial three-dimensional coordinates (x, y) of all corner reflectors within each set of anomalous deformations are determined. 1i , z 1i ), and the real-time three-dimensional coordinates (x) of the corner reflector. ji , z ji Integrate them into the same three-dimensional coordinate system, that is, determine the vertical displacement direction angle of each corner reflector in the XZ plane as the evaluation parameter of the failure mode; Wherein, the vertical displacement direction angle α ji The calculation method is as follows: Calculate the horizontal displacement vector (dX) of each corner reflector in the XZ plane. i dZ i ), where dE is the initial X-axis coordinate value x of each corner reflector. 1i With real-time X-axis coordinate value x ji The difference in the X-axis between them, dN is the initial Y-axis coordinate value of each corner reflector. 1i With real-time Y-axis coordinate value y ji The difference in the Y-axis between them indicates the vertical displacement direction angle α. ji =atan2(dX i dZ i ); Based on the displacement rate of all corner reflectors in the xz plane within each set of anomalous deformations, and the vertical deformation dYi of all corner reflectors in each set of anomalous deformations perpendicular to the slope surface, a displacement direction-vertical deformation curve is established as an evaluation parameter for the failure mode.

2. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 100, the three-dimensional displacement change vector (dX) corresponding to each corner reflector during each monitoring is determined. i dY i dZ i ); Obtain the three-dimensional displacement change vector (dX) of each corner reflector. i dY i dZ i The three-dimensional displacement coordinate sequence after decomposition in the radar line-of-sight direction; Based on long-term background noise analysis, a total displacement threshold is set: S_total = ; And set the minimum displacement rate: V_total = / t, where t is the time interval between two consecutive monitoring of the displacement of the corner reflector; Based on the cumulative displacement of each corner reflector i during the monitoring time, and the displacement rate of the corner reflector i during the monitoring time, it is determined whether the displacement trend of the corner reflector i is significant, and all corner reflectors exceeding the minimum displacement rate and total displacement threshold are marked as abnormal motion points.

3. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 200, the method for performing cluster analysis on the corner reflectors initially selected as anomalous motion points to form an anomalous deformation set composed of corner reflectors is as follows: Construct a motion feature vector for each corner reflector, which consists of multiple feature dimensions: CRi = [ x i , y i ,, z i vx i vy i vz i α i S i ]; in, x i , y i ,, z i vx is the difference between the real-time 3D coordinates and the initial 3D coordinates of the corner reflector with index i. i vy i vz i Let α be the three-dimensional displacement velocity component of the corner reflector with index i. i Let be the vertical displacement direction angle of corner reflector i, and let Si be the magnitude of the total displacement rate of corner reflector i, where Si = ; Perform Z-score normalization or Min-Max normalization on each feature dimension separately; Calculate the overall difference between the two corner reflectors using weighted Euclidean distance: D(CRi, CRr) = ; in, The spatial distance between the two corner reflectors. The kinematic distance between the two corner reflectors and These are the weighting coefficients; First, corner reflectors whose feature vectors change at the same time point are obtained, and these corner reflectors are grouped together. Then, DBSCAN clustering is performed from this group. By setting the neighborhood radius between every two corner reflectors in each abnormal deformation set and the number of cluster points in each abnormal deformation set, corner reflectors that can be classified into the same cluster are selected.

4. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 3, characterized in that, D_xyz = ; wx = wy = 1, wz should be adjusted according to the actual situation. Let be the x-axis displacement change vector corresponding to each monitoring of the corner reflector with serial number i. This is the x-axis displacement change vector corresponding to each monitoring of the corner reflector with serial number r; The combined distance includes the difference in velocity vector direction D_direction and the difference in velocity magnitude D_speed between the two corner reflectors, specifically: D_v = ; The velocity vector direction difference D_direction = 1 - cos(θ), where θ is the angle between the vertical displacement directions α of the two corner reflectors. When the directions are exactly the same, the velocity vector direction difference D_direction is 0, and when they are opposite, the velocity vector direction difference D_direction is 2.

5. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for establishing the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve is as follows: The main sliding axis is determined based on the average vertical displacement direction angle of all corner reflectors within each set of abnormal deformations; In a three-dimensional coordinate system, one or more analysis sections are cut in a direction parallel to the main sliding axis; The average vertical deformation of each row of corner reflectors is calculated sequentially along the Z-axis. A two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the main sliding axis as the X-axis and the direction perpendicular to the main sliding axis as the Y-axis. The average vertical deformation of each row of corner reflectors is integrated into the two-dimensional coordinate system, and the displacement rate-vertical distance curve is plotted as the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve.

6. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 5, characterized in that, By combining the vertical displacement direction angle analysis based on each corner reflector in the XZ plane to determine the consistency of the displacement direction, and by determining the gradient change of the vertical deformation dYi along the displacement direction using the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve, the failure mode can be identified. The method for achieving consistency in displacement direction analysis based on the vertical displacement direction angle of each corner reflector in the XZ plane is as follows: The sign of the vertical displacement direction angle is determined, and a two-dimensional coordinate system is constructed with the initial coordinate point of each corner reflector. When the vector field of the vertical displacement direction angle is in the fourth quadrant of the two-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical displacement direction angle is positive, and when the vector field of the vertical displacement direction angle is in the third quadrant of the two-dimensional coordinate system, the vertical displacement direction angle is negative. The number of corner reflectors whose vector field of vertical displacement direction angle is in the third quadrant and the fourth quadrant are counted separately, and the range is calculated. The standard deviation of vertical displacement direction angle is also calculated. When the range is less than the maximum set value and the standard deviation of the vertical displacement direction angle is greater than the minimum stability evaluation value, it means that the displacement direction in this area is inconsistent. When the range is greater than the maximum set value and the standard deviation of the vertical displacement direction angle is less than the minimum stability evaluation value, it means that the displacement direction in this area is consistent.

7. The method for identifying damage patterns based on open-pit mine slope radar according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the vertical displacement direction angle of all corner reflectors in the abnormal deformation set is zero, calculate the distribution pattern of the average vertical deformation of different rows of corner reflectors. When the fitted curve of the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve is inclined upward, the failure mode is classified as tilt deformation. When the displacement directions of the corner reflectors are inconsistent, and when the fitting curve of the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve shows that the average vertical deformation is large in the middle and small at both ends, then the failure mode of the region where the abnormal deformation set is located is circular arc sliding. When the displacement directions of the corner reflectors are consistent, and when the average vertical deformation on the fitting curve of the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve is the same, then the failure mode of the region where the abnormal deformation set is located is planar sliding. When the displacement directions of the corner reflectors are consistent, and when the fitted curve of the displacement direction-vertical deformation curve is inclined downward, then the failure mode of the region where the abnormal deformation set is located is wedge sliding.

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