A particle capture-based superheat detection alarm system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of particle capture overheat detection alarms, and more particularly to an overheat detection alarm system based on particle capture. The system includes an overheat monitor, a photosensitive module, an alarm, and an airflow circulation module installed within the monitor. The overheat monitor has a detection cavity for housing the photosensitive module and the airflow circulation module. The photosensitive module in this invention uses the principle of light scattering to identify pyrolytic microparticles. A laser emitter emits a highly focused laser beam; when nanoscale carbon-based microparticles in the airflow pass through the beam, Mie scattering occurs. A photodetector is arranged perpendicular to the laser axis to specifically capture the scattered light signal. A threshold can be set for the captured scattered light signal; once the captured scattered light exceeds the threshold, an alarm signal is issued.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of particle capture overheat detection alarm devices, specifically an overheat detection alarm system based on particle capture. Background Technology

[0002] Existing alarm systems for overheat detection are typically mounted on smoke detectors or temperature detectors. They detect temperature and large amounts of smoke before triggering an alarm. However, this monitoring and alarm method can only be triggered when there is an open flame or smoke within a certain range. It cannot be triggered when there is no open flame or only a small amount of smoke. In the aging or fault development process of power equipment, there is often a clear physical evolution path: In the initial stage, the insulating material decomposes under heat and produces pyrolytic microparticles. When poor contact of cable joints or loosening inside the switch cabinet leads to local overheating, the insulating layer such as XLPE and epoxy resin will undergo pyrolysis due to the increase in temperature, releasing carbon-based microparticles with a diameter of 20-100 nanometers. At this point, no discharge has occurred, and traditional partial discharge detection cannot capture the signal. Furthermore, these particles cannot be observed with the naked eye. If these particles could be monitored in real time, timely fire warnings could be issued when electrical equipment, cables, etc., overheat, thereby preventing the formation of fires. Therefore, a device is needed that can monitor and alarm for the particles mentioned above that cannot be observed with the naked eye in order to prevent fires and improve operational safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture, which overcomes the shortcomings described in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: An overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture includes an overheat monitor and a photosensitive module, an alarm, and an airflow circulation module installed in the overheat monitor. The overheat monitor is provided with a detection cavity for installing the photosensitive module and the airflow circulation module. The airflow circulation module includes a negative pressure unit disposed on the surface of the overheat monitor and a gas flow channel disposed in the detection chamber. The detection chamber has a T-shaped structure, with each side of the detection chamber extending to the surface of the detection chamber through a through hole. A first filter tube and a second filter tube are disposed in each of the two through holes. The second filter tube is disposed closer to the surface of the overheat monitor than the first filter tube. The detection chamber is connected to the input end of the negative pressure unit through the gas flow channel. When the negative pressure unit generates negative pressure to extract air, the air enters the detection chamber from the through holes on both sides, flows into the negative pressure unit through the air flow channel, and is discharged through the output end of the negative pressure unit. The photosensitive module includes a laser emitter and a photoelectric receiver. The laser emitter is located near the connection end between the through hole and the detection cavity. An isolation cavity is also provided inside the detection cavity. The photoelectric receiver is installed in the isolation cavity. The laser emitter is parallel to the central axis of the detection cavity, and the photoelectric receiver is perpendicular to the laser emitter. The photoelectric receiver is connected to the alarm signal. The detection cavity is also equipped with an anti-interference refraction tube for refracting light. The anti-interference refraction tube has an S-shaped structure, with one end facing the laser emitter and the other end facing a direction perpendicular to the detection end of the photoelectric receiver.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, there is a gap between the two sides of the anti-interference refraction tube and the detection cavity. Multiple particle filter cotton layers arranged along the length of the detection cavity are provided in the gap. The two ends of the particle filter cotton layers abut against the surface of the anti-interference refraction tube and the surface of the detection cavity, respectively. When air is drawn out by a negative pressure machine, the air flows into the detection cavity through the through holes on both sides, and after passing through the particle filter cotton layers between the anti-interference refraction tube and the detection cavity, it flows into the gas flow channel. A flow equalization baffle is also provided in the middle of the detection cavity near the isolation cavity. The flow equalization baffle and the gas flow channel form an observation cavity for the photoelectric receiver to observe the laser. The observation cavity and the isolation cavity are separated by a bandpass filter. The flow equalization shield has multiple air holes arranged at equal intervals on its surface.

[0006] A preferred technical solution is that multiple strip blocks are provided on the side of the observation chamber away from the flow equalization baffle, and an airway unit is formed between two adjacent strip blocks. The airway unit is parallel to the strip blocks, and each airway unit corresponds to a vent provided on the surface of the flow equalization baffle. Adjacent airway units and air vents are arranged on the same axis; All airway units constitute the gas flow channel.

[0007] A preferred technical solution is that the anti-interference refraction tube includes a bent hollow tube body, a cylindrical hollow tube, and an adjustment mechanism disposed inside the cylindrical hollow tube. The cylindrical hollow tube is disposed in the middle of the bent hollow tube body and is connected to the cylindrical hollow tube. A bending portion is respectively provided on the surface of the bent hollow tube body near the two ends of the cylindrical hollow tube. A reflector 1 and a reflector 2 are respectively disposed in each of the two bending portions. Lenses are provided at both ends of the bent hollow tube body. A refraction prism is disposed in the end of the bent hollow tube body near the flow equalization baffle. When the laser emitter injects laser into the anti-interference refraction tube, the laser is refracted by the reflector 1, the reflector 2, and the refraction prism in sequence and then emitted out of the anti-interference refraction tube. The bending angle of the bending part is 90°. When the laser is refracted by the refracting prism and emitted from the anti-interference refracting tube, the laser is parallel to the bandpass filter. The laser emitting end of the laser emitter is perpendicular to its adjacent lens.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustment mechanism includes a knob, a magnetic ring, and an adjustment aperture. A first slot is provided on the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube, the knob is sleeved outside the first slot, a second slot is provided inside the cylindrical hollow tube near the first slot, the magnetic ring is embedded in the second slot, and the adjustment aperture abuts against the magnetic ring and the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube respectively. The magnetic ring has a rotating array of magnets on its circumference. The magnets are attracted to the knob, and when the knob is turned, the magnets drive the magnetic ring to rotate. The knob protrudes from the surface of the overheat monitor.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable aperture includes a fixed plate, aperture blades, and an adjusting ring. The aperture blades are disposed between the fixed plate and the adjusting ring. The fixed plate is fixed to a cylindrical hollow tube, and the adjusting ring is fixed to a magnetic ring. The aperture blades are arranged in a rotating array. Both the fixed plate and the adjusting ring have openings in the middle for the laser to pass through. All aperture blades are stacked on top of each other and cover the openings. The fixing plate has a sliding groove extending along the center on the side facing the aperture blade, and the circumferential edge of the fixing plate has a stepped edge protruding towards the aperture blade. The aperture blade is embedded in the sliding groove through a second connecting shaft. The adjusting ring has a shaft hole on the side facing the aperture blades. The aperture blades are rotatably connected by a first connecting shaft embedded in the shaft hole. When the magnetic ring is rotated, the adjusting ring drives all the aperture blades to swing. By adjusting the swing angle of the aperture blades, the area covered by the aperture blades is changed.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, this technical solution has the following advantages: The photosensitive module in this invention uses the principle of light scattering to identify pyrolytic microparticles. A laser emitter emits a highly focused laser beam; when nanoscale carbon-based microparticles in the airflow pass through the beam, Mie scattering occurs. A photodetector is arranged perpendicular to the laser axis to specifically capture the scattered light signal. A threshold can be set for the captured scattered light signal; once the captured scattered light exceeds the threshold, an alarm signal is issued. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1 This is an overall diagram of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view.

[0014] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the detection chamber.

[0015] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the refracting tube for preventing interference.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the laser refraction path.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the knob.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism.

[0019] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Separation diagram.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating how to adjust the aperture.

[0021] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the adjustment of the aperture.

[0022] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the aperture blades and adjustment ring.

[0023] Figure 12 for Figure 10 A diagram from another perspective.

[0024] In the diagram: Overheat monitor 1, negative pressure unit 2; Detection cavity 11, anti-interference refraction tube 12, laser emitter 13, alarm 14, photoelectric receiver 15, first filter tube 16, second filter tube 17; Isolation chamber 111, bandpass filter 1111, flow equalization baffle 112, strip block 113, particulate filter cotton layer 114; Bending hollow tube body 121, columnar hollow tube 122, first slot 221, second slot 222, adjustment mechanism 123; Lens 1211, Reflector 1212, Reflector 2 1213, Refracting Prism 1214; Knob 231, magnetic ring 232, magnet 2321, adjustment aperture 233; Fixed plate 331, slide groove 3311, aperture blade 332, first connecting shaft 3321, second connecting shaft 3322, adjusting ring 333, shaft hole 3331. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figures 1 to 12As shown, the present invention proposes an overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture, including an overheat monitor 1 and a photosensitive module, an alarm 14 and an airflow circulation module installed in the overheat monitor 1. The overheat monitor 1 is provided with a detection cavity 11 for installing the photosensitive module and the airflow circulation module. The airflow circulation module includes a negative pressure unit 2 mounted on the surface of the overheat monitor 1 and a gas flow channel within the detection chamber 11. The detection chamber 11 has a T-shaped structure, with each side of the chamber extending to its respective surface through a through-hole. A first filter tube 16 and a second filter tube 17 are installed in each through-hole. The second filter tube 17 is positioned closer to the surface of the overheat monitor 1 than the first filter tube 16. The detection chamber 11 is connected to the input end of the negative pressure unit 2 via the gas flow channel. When the negative pressure unit 2 creates negative pressure to draw air in, air enters the detection chamber 11 through the through-holes on both sides, flows into the negative pressure unit 2 through the air flow channel, and is then discharged through the output end of the negative pressure unit 2. During operation, the negative pressure unit 2 activates, creating negative pressure within the detection chamber 11, driving external air to be drawn in through the through-holes on both sides. The air first undergoes preliminary filtration through the second filter tube 17 near the surface, and then enters the main body of the detection chamber 11 through the first filter tube 16. The T-shaped cavity, combined with the dual-side air intake design, ensures uniform and stable airflow distribution and effectively filters dust and large particulate impurities from the environment, preventing them from entering the detection cavity and interfering with the detection results. This not only protects the cleanliness of the internal optical components but, more importantly, ensures that only nanoscale pyrolysis microparticles can enter the detection area, providing a pure airflow environment for subsequent precise capture.

[0026] The photosensitive module includes a laser emitter 13 and a photodetector 15. The laser emitter 13 is positioned near the connection point between the through-hole and the detection cavity 11. An isolation cavity 111 is also provided within the detection cavity 111, and the photodetector 15 is installed within this isolation cavity 111. The laser emitter 13 is parallel to the central axis of the detection cavity 11, and the photodetector 15 is perpendicular to the laser emitter 13. The photodetector 15 is signal-connected to the alarm 14. The photosensitive module uses the principle of light scattering to identify pyrolytic microparticles. The laser emitter 13 emits a highly focused laser beam. When nanoscale carbon-based microparticles in the airflow pass through the beam, Mie scattering occurs. The photodetector 15 is arranged perpendicular to the laser axis to specifically capture the scattered light signal. An S-shaped anti-interference refraction tube 12 physically isolates the laser emitter and receiver, blocking direct transmitted light from entering the receiver and allowing only the scattered light from the particles to be captured after refraction. This layout greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and avoids background light interference. The use of the isolation chamber 111 ensures high detection sensitivity, enabling accurate identification of weak signals that traditional smoke detectors cannot detect.

[0027] The detection cavity 11 is also provided with an anti-interference refraction tube 12 for refracting light. The anti-interference refraction tube 12 has an S-shaped structure. One end of the anti-interference refraction tube 12 is set towards the laser emitter 13, while the other end is set in a direction perpendicular to the detection end of the photoelectric receiver 15.

[0028] Furthermore, there is a gap between the two sides of the anti-interference refraction tube 12 and the detection chamber 11. Multiple particle filter cotton layers 114 arranged along the length of the detection chamber 11 are provided in the gap. The two ends of the particle filter cotton layers 114 abut against the surface of the anti-interference refraction tube 12 and the surface of the detection chamber 11, respectively. When air is drawn out by the negative pressure machine 2, the air flows into the detection chamber 11 through the through holes on both sides, and after passing through the particle filter cotton layers 114 between the anti-interference refraction tube 12 and the detection chamber 11, it flows into the gas flow channel. A flow equalization baffle 112 is also provided in the middle of the detection chamber 11 near the isolation chamber 111. The flow equalization baffle 112 and the gas flow channel form an observation chamber for the photodetector 15 to observe the laser. This observation chamber is separated from the isolation chamber 111 by a bandpass filter 1111. When the negative pressure machine 2 draws air, the airflow enters the detection chamber 11 from the through holes on both sides and is forced through the particle filter cotton layer 114. The porous fiber structure of the filter cotton traps dust and large particulate impurities in the air inside the cotton layer through inertial collision, interception and diffusion, allowing only clean airflow to enter the gas flow channel. This design not only prevents impurities from entering the core detection area and contaminating the optical components, but also avoids interference from non-pyrolytic microparticles on the detection results of the photosensitive module, ensuring the cleanliness of the detection environment.

[0029] Furthermore, the surface of the flow equalization baffle 112 is provided with a plurality of air holes arranged at equal intervals, and a plurality of strip blocks 113 are provided on the side of the observation cavity away from the flow equalization baffle 112. An air channel unit is formed between two adjacent strip blocks 113. The air channel unit is parallel to the strip block 113, and each air channel unit corresponds to a respective air hole provided on the surface of the flow equalization baffle 112. Adjacent air channel units and air holes are arranged on the same axis. All air channel units constitute the gas flow channel. A stable airflow environment is crucial for ensuring the accuracy of particle detection based on the principle of light scattering. This invention constructs a highly stable laminar flow environment through a precision gas flow channel structure composed of a flow equalization baffle 112 and a strip block 113, directly improving the stability and recognizability of particle reflection signals.

[0030] Specifically, the equidistantly arranged air holes on the surface of the flow equalization baffle 112 are coaxially aligned with the airway unit formed by the strip block 113, forcing the airflow to be "regulated" before entering the core detection area. This structural design eliminates eddies and turbulence in the airflow, allowing the airflow carrying pyrolysis microparticles to pass through the laser beam irradiation area at a smooth and consistent speed. When the airflow is stable, the trajectory and velocity of the microparticles passing through the laser beam remain constant, ensuring consistent irradiation conditions for the particles in the laser field, thereby generating a stable and repeatable Mie scattering light signal. If the airflow is unstable, the particle trajectory is chaotic, leading to fluctuating scattered light intensity and inconsistent pulse widths, which can easily be misjudged as noise or cause counting errors. Therefore, this stable airflow environment greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the photosensitive module in capturing scattered light, ensuring accurate capture of the reflection characteristics of tiny particles and fundamentally guaranteeing high precision and high reliability of the detection results.

[0031] Furthermore, the anti-interference refraction tube 12 includes a bent hollow tube body 121, a cylindrical hollow tube 122, and an adjustment mechanism 123 disposed within the cylindrical hollow tube 122. The cylindrical hollow tube 122 is disposed in the middle of the bent hollow tube body 121, and the bent hollow tube body 121 is connected to the cylindrical hollow tube 122. A bend is provided on the surface of the bent hollow tube body 121 near the two ends of the cylindrical hollow tube 122, and each bend contains a [missing information - likely a component or material]. The first reflector 1212 and the second reflector 1213 are provided. Lenses 1211 are provided at both ends of the bent hollow tube 121. A refractive prism 1214 is provided at one end of the bent hollow tube 121 near the flow equalization baffle 112. When the laser emitter 13 injects laser into the anti-interference refractive tube 12, the laser is refracted by the first reflector 1212, the second reflector 1213 and the refractive prism 1214 in sequence and then exits the anti-interference refractive tube 12. The bending angle of the bent section is 90°. When the laser is refracted by the refractive prism 1214 and emitted from the anti-interference refractive tube 12, the laser is parallel to the bandpass filter 1111. The laser emitting end of the laser emitter 13 is perpendicular to its adjacent lens 1211. Specifically, the anti-interference refractive tube 12 has two bent sections inside, with a built-in reflector 1212 and a reflector 1213, which, together with the refractive prism 1214, form a non-linear optical path. When the laser emitted by the laser emitter 13 enters the refractive tube, it must undergo multiple reflections before it can be emitted. This structure prevents stray light and ghost light from propagating in a straight line along the original path, but instead absorbs or blocks them through the bent tube wall. At the same time, the lens 1211 further focuses the effective beam and filters out invalid light diverging from the edges, thereby ensuring that the emitted laser beam is pure and concentrated, reducing the interference of background noise on detection accuracy.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism 123 includes a knob 231, a magnetic ring 232, and an adjustment aperture 233. A first slot 221 is provided on the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube 122. The knob 231 is sleeved outside the first slot 221. A second slot 222 is provided inside the cylindrical hollow tube 122 near the first slot 221. The magnetic ring 232 is embedded in the second slot 222. The adjustment aperture 233 abuts against the magnetic ring 232 and the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube 122, respectively. The magnetic ring 232 has a rotating array of multiple magnets 2321 on its circumference. These magnets 2321 are attracted to the knob 231. When the knob 231 rotates, the magnets 2321 drive the magnetic ring 232 to rotate. The knob 231 protrudes from the surface of the overheat monitor 1. When the external knob 231 is rotated, the magnets 2321 drive the magnetic ring 232 to rotate, thereby adjusting the opening and closing of the aperture 233, thus controlling the diameter of the passing laser beam. For the 20–100 nanometer-sized carbon-based microparticles described in the background art, particles of different sizes have different scattering characteristics to laser light. By adjusting the laser beam diameter, the interaction region between the beam and the microparticles can be optimized, enhancing the scattering signal response to particles within a specific size range. For example, reducing the beam diameter can increase the light intensity density and enhance the excitation efficiency for ultrafine particles; increasing the beam can increase the sampling volume and improve the capture probability. This adjustable mechanism enables the system to accurately match and detect microparticles generated by the pyrolysis of different materials at different aging stages, solving the technical defects of traditional fixed optical paths that cannot balance sensitivity and coverage, and achieving efficient and stable capture of early pyrolysis microparticles.

[0033] Furthermore, the adjustable aperture 233 includes a fixed plate 331, aperture blades 332, and an adjusting ring 333. The aperture blades 332 are disposed between the fixed plate 331 and the adjusting ring 333. The fixed plate 331 is fixed to the cylindrical hollow tube 122, and the adjusting ring 333 is fixed to the magnetic ring 232. The aperture blades 332 are arranged in a rotating array. The fixed plate 331 and the adjusting ring 333 are both provided with openings in the middle for the laser to pass through. All the aperture blades 332 are stacked on top of each other and cover the openings. The fixing plate 331 has a groove 3311 extending along the center on the side facing the aperture blade 332, and the circumferential edge of the fixing plate 331 has a stepped edge protruding towards the aperture blade 332. The aperture blade 332 is embedded in the groove 3311 through a second connecting shaft 3322. The adjusting ring 333 has a shaft hole 3331 on the side facing the aperture blade 332. The aperture blade 332 is embedded in the shaft hole 3331 through a first connecting shaft 3321 to form a rotatable connection. When the magnetic ring 232 is rotated, the adjusting ring 333 drives all the aperture blades 332 to swing. By adjusting the swing angle of the aperture blades 332, the area covered by the aperture blades 332 is changed.

[0034] The adjustable aperture 233 employs a rotating array structure of multiple aperture blades 332. By changing the swing angle of the aperture blades 332, the size of the central light-passing aperture can be continuously and precisely adjusted, thereby achieving precise control of the laser beam diameter. This structure utilizes the overlapping and covering of the aperture blades 332 to ensure the tightness of the aperture when closed, effectively blocking stray light. Simultaneously, the cooperative design of the sliding groove 3311 and the connecting shaft ensures the synchronization and stability of the multiple aperture blades 332 during opening and closing, avoiding jamming or deformation. This design allows the system to flexibly adjust the spot size according to different detection requirements, optimizing the excitation efficiency of pyrolytic microparticles and significantly improving the adaptability of the detection and the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0035] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of the patent and the contents of the specification should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture, characterized in that, It includes an overheat monitor (1) and a photosensitive module, an alarm (14) and an airflow circulation module installed in the overheat monitor (1). The overheat monitor (1) is provided with a detection cavity (11) for installing the photosensitive module and the airflow circulation module. The airflow circulation module includes a negative pressure unit (2) disposed on the surface of the overheat monitor (1) and a gas flow channel disposed in the detection chamber (11). The detection chamber (11) has a T-shaped structure. Both sides of the detection chamber (11) extend to the two sides of the detection chamber (11) through a through hole. A first filter tube (16) and a second filter tube (17) are disposed in both through holes. The second filter tube (17) is disposed closer to the surface of the overheat monitor (1) than the first filter tube (16). The detection chamber (11) is connected to the input end of the negative pressure unit (2) through the gas flow channel. When the negative pressure unit (2) generates negative pressure to extract air, the air enters the detection chamber (11) from the through holes on both sides, flows into the negative pressure unit (2) through the air flow channel, and is discharged through the output end of the negative pressure unit (2). The photosensitive module includes a laser emitter (13) and a photodetector (15). The laser emitter (13) is located near the connection end between the through hole and the detection cavity (11). The detection cavity (11) is also provided with an isolation cavity (111). The photodetector (15) is installed in the isolation cavity (111). The laser emitter (13) is parallel to the central axis of the detection cavity (11), and the photodetector (15) is perpendicular to the laser emitter (13). The photodetector (15) is connected to the alarm (14) via a signal. The detection cavity (11) is also provided with an anti-interference refraction tube (12) for refracting light. The anti-interference refraction tube (12) has an S-shaped structure. One end of the anti-interference refraction tube (12) is set towards the laser emitter (13), while the other end is set towards the direction perpendicular to the detection end of the photoelectric receiver (15). There is a gap between the two sides of the anti-interference refraction tube (12) and the detection chamber (11). Multiple particle filter cotton layers (114) arranged along the length of the detection chamber (11) are provided in the gap. The two ends of the particle filter cotton layer (114) abut against the surface of the anti-interference refraction tube (12) and the surface of the detection chamber (11), respectively. When air is drawn by the negative pressure machine (2), the air flows into the detection chamber (11) through the through holes on both sides, and flows into the gas flow channel after passing through the particle filter cotton layer (114) between the anti-interference refraction tube (12) and the detection chamber (11). The detection cavity (11) is also provided with a flow equalization baffle (112) near the isolation cavity (111) in the middle. The flow equalization baffle (112) and the gas flow channel form an observation cavity for the photoelectric receiver (15) to observe the laser. The observation cavity is separated from the isolation cavity (111) by a bandpass filter (1111). The flow equalization shield (112) has multiple air holes arranged at equal intervals on its surface.

2. The overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the side of the observation chamber away from the flow equalization baffle (112), there are multiple strip blocks (113). An airway unit is formed between two adjacent strip blocks (113). The airway unit is parallel to the strip block (113). Each airway unit corresponds to a vent on the surface of the flow equalization baffle (112). Adjacent airway units and air vents are arranged on the same axis; All airway units constitute the gas flow channel.

3. The overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anti-interference refraction tube (12) includes a bent hollow tube body (121), a cylindrical hollow tube (122), and an adjustment mechanism (123) disposed within the cylindrical hollow tube (122). The cylindrical hollow tube (122) is disposed in the middle of the bent hollow tube body (121), and the bent hollow tube body (121) is connected to the cylindrical hollow tube (122). A bent portion is provided on the surface of the bent hollow tube body (121) near the two ends of the cylindrical hollow tube (122), and a reflector is disposed in each of the two bent portions. 1212) and reflector two (1213), both ends of the bent hollow tube (121) are provided with lenses (1211), and a refraction prism (1214) is provided in one end of the bent hollow tube (121) near the flow equalization baffle (112). When the laser emitter (13) injects laser into the anti-interference refraction tube (12), the laser is refracted by reflector one (1212), reflector two (1213) and refraction prism (1214) in sequence and then exits the anti-interference refraction tube (12). The bending angle of the bending part is 90°. When the laser is refracted by the refracting prism (1214) and emitted from the anti-interference refracting tube (12), the laser is parallel to the bandpass filter (1111). The laser emitting end of the laser emitter (13) is perpendicular to its adjacent lens (1211).

4. The overheat detection and alarm system based on particle capture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism (123) includes a knob (231), a magnetic ring (232), and an adjustment aperture (233). A first slot (221) is provided on the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube (122). The knob (231) is sleeved outside the first slot (221). A second slot (222) is provided inside the cylindrical hollow tube (122) near the first slot (221). The magnetic ring (232) is embedded in the second slot (222). The adjustment aperture (233) abuts against the magnetic ring (232) and the surface of the cylindrical hollow tube (122) respectively. The magnetic ring (232) has a rotating array of multiple magnets (2321) on its circumference. The magnets (2321) are attracted to the knob (231). When the knob (231) is rotated, the magnets (2321) drive the magnetic ring (232) to rotate. The knob (231) protrudes from the surface of the overheat monitor (1).

5. The overheat detection and alarm system based on particle trapping according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjustable aperture (233) includes a fixed plate (331), aperture blades (332), and an adjusting ring (333). The aperture blades (332) are disposed between the fixed plate (331) and the adjusting ring (333). The fixed plate (331) is fixed to the cylindrical hollow tube (122), and the adjusting ring (333) is fixed to the magnetic ring (232). The aperture blades (332) are arranged in a rotating array. The fixed plate (331) and the adjusting ring (333) are both provided with an opening in the middle for the laser to pass through. All the aperture blades (332) are stacked on top of each other and cover the opening. The fixing plate (331) has a groove (3311) extending along the center on the side facing the aperture blade (332), and the circumferential edge of the fixing plate (331) has a stepped edge protruding towards the aperture blade (332). The aperture blade (332) is embedded in the groove (3311) through a second connecting shaft (3322). The adjusting ring (333) has a shaft hole (3331) on the side facing the aperture blade (332). The aperture blade (332) is inserted into the shaft hole (3331) through a first connecting shaft (3321) to form a rotatable connection. When the magnetic ring (232) is rotated, the adjusting ring (333) drives all the aperture blades (332) to swing. By adjusting the swing angle of the aperture blades (332), the area covered by the aperture blades (332) is changed.

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