Preparation and application method of electrolyte for negative electrode-free sodium metal battery

By using an electrolyte with a specific ratio of sodium metal salt, organic solvent, and additives in a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery, uneven sodium deposition and side reactions are suppressed, a stable SEI layer is formed, the problems of uneven sodium deposition and sodium loss are solved, and the battery capacity retention and cycle life are improved.

CN122158713APending Publication Date: 2026-06-05DALIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
DALIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Filing Date
2024-12-03
Publication Date
2026-06-05

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In anode-less sodium metal batteries, uneven sodium deposition leads to dendrite formation, causing short circuits and low coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, sodium loss in anode-less sodium metal batteries is severe, affecting battery safety and cycle life.

Method used

An electrolyte containing sodium metal salt, organic solvent, and additives is used. By controlling the concentration of sodium metal salt and the ratio of solvent to additives, side reactions between sodium metal and electrolyte are suppressed, forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, thereby reducing sodium loss and improving capacity retention.

Benefits of technology

It effectively suppresses the side reactions between sodium metal and electrolyte, forms a stable SEI layer, improves the capacity retention and cycle life of sodium metal batteries without negative electrodes, and enhances the safety and performance of the battery.

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Abstract

The application discloses a preparation and application method of an electrolyte for a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery, and is characterized in that the electrolyte comprises a sodium salt, an organic solvent and an additive. The additive is one or more than two of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1,3-dioxolane. The electrolyte can inhibit the side reaction between sodium metal and the electrolyte, reduce the loss of sodium in the negative electrode-free sodium metal, and therefore obviously improve the capacity retention rate of the negative electrode-free sodium metal battery. The electrolyte has the characteristics of low cost and easy amplification.
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