Mountainous region high-mark farmland partitioning and cooperative fertilization process

Abstract

This invention discloses a zoned synergistic fertilization process for high-standard farmland in mountainous areas. The process first diagnoses the target farmland's soil and divides it into three zones: a priority zone for soil moisture retention, a zone for structural improvement and nutrient activation, and a zone for soil fertility consolidation and enhancement. Then, it utilizes local livestock manure, straw, and other waste materials to prepare basic compost and various functional additives. Finally, it implements differentiated fertilization technology combinations and supporting agronomic measures for different zones. This invention has advantages such as low cost, strong targeting, eco-friendliness, and ease of technical implementation and promotion. It can effectively solve problems such as poor soil structure, infertile soil, and poor nutrient retention capacity in mountainous farmland, achieving soil fertility enhancement and agricultural waste recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural soil improvement technology, and more specifically, to a method for soil fertility improvement applicable to high-standard farmland in remote, hilly and mountainous areas, particularly a regional synergistic fertility improvement technology system based on soil diagnosis, utilizing local low-cost materials, and combining agronomic and engineering measures. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of high-standard farmland in remote mountainous areas faces unique challenges, including complex terrain, infertile soil, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, inconvenient transportation, and difficulties in mechanized operations. Existing soil fertility improvement technologies are mostly designed for plains areas or rely on specific patented products or expensive equipment, making it difficult to promote and apply them on a large scale and at low cost in mountainous environments.

[0003] The current related technologies mainly have the following limitations: (1) Although existing controlled-release fertilizers and other patented products have good effects, they are expensive, and their formulas are mostly for specific crops or homogeneous soils, which are not universally applicable in mountainous environments with varied soil types and fragmented terrain. (2) Some advanced anaerobic-aerobic integrated fermentation equipment is highly efficient, but the initial investment is large and the operation and maintenance technology requirements are high, which is not suitable for remote mountainous areas where funds and technology are relatively scarce. (3) Traditional composting technology is low in cost and the materials are readily available, but it has disadvantages such as a long composting cycle (usually more than 1 month), large nutrient loss, and high labor intensity. Moreover, its application process is usually not coordinated and optimized with the water and soil conservation measures unique to mountain farmland. (4) Single fertilization measures, such as simply applying organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, are difficult to systematically solve the multiple obstacles that are common in mountain soils, such as poor structure, nutrient imbalance, and weak drought resistance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated, innovative, low-cost, easy-to-operate, and adaptable comprehensive soil fertility improvement method that can adapt to the heterogeneous environment of mountainous areas, so as to achieve rapid soil fertility improvement, continuous improvement of soil fertility, and localized recycling of agricultural waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a zoned synergistic fertilization process for high-standard farmland in mountainous areas. This process is based on the core concepts of diagnostic zoning, local recycling, and synergistic technical measures. It aims to form a highly efficient, economical, and eco-friendly fertilization technology system by using refined soil diagnosis and zoning, utilizing localized, low-cost materials, and integrating simplified agronomic and engineering measures.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a zonal synergistic fertilization process for high-standard farmland in mountainous areas, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Soil obstacle diagnosis and fertility improvement zoning: Based on soil indicators, farmland is divided into priority areas for soil moisture retention, structural improvement and nutrient activation areas, and soil fertility consolidation and enhancement areas. S2. Localized formulation and preparation of low-cost composting materials: preparation of basic compost A, water-retaining slow-release material B, nutrient activating material C, and green manure turning material D; S3. Integrated Implementation of Regional Fertilization Technology: Different combinations of fertilization technologies and supporting agronomic measures are adopted for different regions to carry out fertilization.

[0007] Furthermore, in S1, the classification criteria are as follows: areas with soil organic matter content below 1.5% are designated as priority areas for soil moisture retention; areas with organic matter content between 1.5% and 2.5% are designated as areas for structural improvement and nutrient activation; and areas with organic matter content above 2.5% are designated as areas for soil fertility consolidation and enhancement. Soil organic matter is not only a major reservoir and source of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but also a binder that forms a good soil structure, and the material basis for maintaining soil moisture, enhancing buffering capacity, and promoting microbial activity. In mountainous farmland, organic matter content can directly and comprehensively reflect the degree of soil infertility, historical fertility level, and the strength of ecological function. Generally, dryland soils with organic matter content below 1.5% are considered infertile soils. These soils have poor aggregate structure, extremely weak water and fertilizer retention capacity, and low nutrient supply capacity and intensity, making them major limiting factors for crop growth. Therefore, the primary goal of fertilization in this area is to rapidly and abundantly replenish organic carbon sources while simultaneously addressing water stress. The organic matter content in the structural improvement and nutrient activation zone is between 1.5% and 2.5%, which falls within the medium fertility level. The soil already possesses a certain level of basic fertility, but the total amount and quality of organic matter are insufficient to support optimal soil structure and biological activity. Common problems include soil compaction due to insufficient organic cementing materials, or nutrients, especially phosphorus and potassium, being fixed and having low availability. Therefore, the focus of fertilization should shift from increasing carbon to structural modification and activation, i.e., optimizing organic matter quality, breaking down physical barriers, and releasing fixed nutrients. An organic matter content above 2.5% generally indicates good basic soil fertility and relatively excellent physicochemical properties. At this level, the marginal benefit of simply increasing organic matter input will decrease. The goal of fertilization should shift to consolidating existing soil fertility, preventing degradation, and improving quality and efficiency, such as increasing fertilizer utilization through the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and achieving precise supply through water and fertilizer synergy to tap into production potential and achieve high yield, high quality, and high efficiency. Using this quantitative standard for zoning, the largest amount of organic materials is applied to the most barren areas to concentrate efforts on solving the main problems; for moderately fertile soils, functional materials (such as activating material C) are provided for conditioning; and for fertile soils, the amount of organic fertilizer used is reduced, with an emphasis on optimized management. This greatly improves the utilization efficiency of limited resources.

[0008] Furthermore, the preparation method of the basic compost A is as follows: Livestock and poultry manure is mixed with crushed crop straw at a weight ratio of 100:(20-30), fermentation inoculant, urea, and superphosphate are added. The mixture is piled up, covered with a film, and composted at 15-30℃. When the core temperature of the pile reaches above 50℃ and then decreases, the pile is turned over. The total composting period is 30-40 days. The fermentation inoculant can be one or more of the following: *Laminaria japonica*, *Trichoderma*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens*, and *Aspergillus niger*.

[0009] Furthermore, the water-retaining slow-release material B is composed of bentonite or weathered coal powder mixed with well-rotted basic compost A at a weight ratio of 1:(5-8). The main function of well-rotted compost A in the components is to provide organic matter, nutrients, and active microorganisms. It is the main component for soil fertilization, responsible for improving the biochemical properties of the soil. Its main functions are physical adsorption and water-retaining slow release. Bentonite has extremely high cation exchange capacity and swelling capacity, while weathered coal is rich in humic acid and has a strong adsorption and complexation capacity. Water-retaining slow-release material B is not a pure water-retaining agent, but rather an organic fertilizer with water-retaining slow-release function. One part of bentonite or weathered coal powder mineral material serves as a functional module, requiring a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer (5-8 parts) as a carrier and matrix to ensure that it can fully integrate with the soil after application and continuously exert the core fertilization effect of organic fertilizer. When the proportion of mineral materials is below this value, i.e., less than 1 part mineral to more than 8 parts compost, the concentration of bentonite or weathered coal powder in the mixture is too low, making it difficult to form an effective water-retention and nutrient slow-release network in the soil. Its physicochemical effect of water retention and slow release will become insignificant, failing to meet the urgent need of infertile sandy soils for rapidly improving water retention capacity. When the proportion of mineral materials is above this value, i.e., less than 5 parts compost to 1 part mineral, the following problems arise: First, it is uneconomical; although the mineral materials are locally available, adding too much will still increase unnecessary costs and labor. Second, excessive bentonite may temporarily increase soil viscosity, affecting aeration; excessive weathered coal may pose potential risks due to the presence of certain substances. Finally, for the goal of fertilization, the improvement in water retention capacity beyond this proportion has entered a period of diminishing marginal returns, while the relative supply of organic matter and nutrients is diluted as a result.

[0010] Furthermore, the nutrient activating material C is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of well-rotted basic compost A, 5-10 parts by weight of phosphate rock powder, 3-5 parts by weight of sucralose residue, and 3-5 parts by weight of functional microbial agents, and then composting for 3-5 days. Well-rotted basic compost A provides abundant organic matter, humic acid, and balanced basic nutrients, forming the material basis for constructing a good soil structure. Phosphate rock powder is a natural, insoluble phosphate mineral. Under acidic conditions or through microbial action, the phosphorus in it can be slowly released. Its addition aims to directly address the serious problem of phosphorus fixation in the soil, providing a low-cost, long-lasting phosphorus reservoir. Sucralose residue is an acidic organic waste, rich in easily degradable carbon sources such as hemicellulose and organic acids. It creates a locally slightly acidic environment, directly promoting the chemical dissolution of insoluble nutrients in minerals such as phosphate rock powder. It stimulates the rapid proliferation and metabolism of functional microorganisms, enhancing their biological activity. Functional microbial agents can be one or more of the following: phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Burkholderia, gelatinous Bacillus, and Bacillus megaterium. These species have a strong ability to secrete organic acids and enzymes, which can directly dissolve phosphorus and potassium minerals and convert fixed nutrients into available forms.

[0011] Furthermore, the green manure turning material D is leguminous green manure from the full bloom stage to the early pod stage, which can be directly turned over or used as compost raw material.

[0012] Furthermore, for the aforementioned priority areas for soil moisture conservation, step S3 is as follows: Apply 1.5-2 tons of basic compost A and 0.3-0.5 tons of water-retaining slow-release material B per acre, and deep-apply the fertilizer by digging trenches 30-40cm deep along contour lines. After covering with soil, cover the surface with straw or biodegradable mulch. The 30-40cm depth exceeds the original infertile topsoil, directly delivering fertile substances to the deep layers where potential roots can extend, guiding roots downwards and enhancing the crop's drought and lodging resistance. This concentrated deep application buries a high amount of organic fertilizer and water-retaining materials in a relatively moist and stable soil layer, forming a trench-like fertility ridge, whose water and fertilizer retention function is far superior to surface application. Digging along contour lines is a golden rule of mountain agriculture. These fertilization trenches themselves are miniature contour interception projects, effectively slowing surface runoff, promoting rainwater infiltration, and ensuring that water does not leave the trench and fertilizer does not escape.

[0013] Furthermore, for the aforementioned structural improvement and nutrient activation zone, step S3 is as follows: Apply 1-1.5 tons of basic compost A and 0.2-0.3 tons of nutrient activation material C per acre, combined with tillage and mixing, or by no-till method, intercropping with green manure D and then tilling. The 1-1.5 tons / acre organic fertilizer application aims to consolidate and steadily increase soil organic matter, providing a binding material for continuous soil structure improvement. This application rate is lower than in infertile areas, avoiding resource waste. The 0.2-0.3 tons / acre activation material C, accounting for approximately 16.7%-20% of the total organic fertilizer input, ensures that the functional microorganisms, phosphate rock powder, and sucralose residue in material C can form a sufficient number of biochemical activation points in the topsoil, effectively initiating the release process of fixed nutrients without interfering with soil ecology due to excessive application of acidic sucralose residue. Fertilizers A and C are evenly mixed into the topsoil through autumn deep plowing or spring rotary tillage. This process directly breaks up the compacted layer physically, improving the three-phase structure of the soil; simultaneously, it allows the activating material to fully contact soil particles and fixed nutrients, maximizing its biochemical activation effect. Leguminous green manure D is interspersed between the rows of the main crop using a no-till method. Root exudates (such as organic acids and phenols) produced during the green manure's growth process activate soil nutrients; its strong root penetration helps loosen the lower soil layers; and the green manure plants increase nitrogen input through biological nitrogen fixation. After the harvest, the green manure is crushed and compacted, providing easily decomposed organic matter, rapidly stimulating soil microbial activity, and further improving the aggregate structure through decomposition.

[0014] Furthermore, for the soil fertility consolidation and improvement zone, step S3 is as follows: apply 0.8-1.2 tons of basic compost A per acre to replace 30%-40% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and adopt integrated water and fertilizer irrigation technology.

[0015] Furthermore, the process is applicable to high-standard farmland in remote, hilly, and mountainous terrains, and the main materials used are local agricultural waste or low-cost minerals.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The core fertilizer-making materials of this invention are all locally available agricultural waste (livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, green manure) and low-cost minerals (bentonite, weathered coal, phosphate rock powder). There is no need to purchase expensive patented fertilizers or transport materials over long distances, which greatly reduces the cost of fertilizer procurement and transportation. At the same time, it adopts simplified windrow composting and manual / mechanical turning processes, which do not require complex and expensive fermentation equipment. The initial investment is small and the operation and maintenance requirements are low. It perfectly meets the actual situation of capital shortage and limited technical resources in remote mountainous areas, which significantly reduces the economic burden and production threshold for farmers.

[0017] This invention uses soil organic matter content as the core quantitative indicator to precisely divide farmland into three functional zones. Differentiated fertilization programs are designed for soil obstacles in different areas, completely avoiding the indiscriminate nature of traditional fertilization. Through precise matching of material formulations and application techniques, multiple soil obstacles can be quickly resolved. Experiments have verified that crop yields are improved, and key indicators such as soil organic matter content, water retention capacity, and available nutrient content are all optimized in a targeted manner, achieving continuous improvement in soil fertility.

[0018] This invention constructs a closed-loop recycling system for agricultural waste, fertilization materials, farmland fertilization, crop production, and waste reuse, which significantly improves the resource utilization rate of agricultural waste such as livestock and poultry manure and straw, and effectively reduces environmental pollution caused by indiscriminate dumping of waste. At the same time, by replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with local organic fertilizer, it reduces the risk of non-point source pollution caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizers, takes into account both soil fertilization and ecological protection, conforms to the agricultural development orientation of green planting and breeding cycle, and helps the sustainable development of mountain farmland ecosystem.

[0019] The technologies integrated in this invention have all undergone simplified adaptation: the composting process does not require precise temperature control equipment, shortening the composting period; zoned application only requires simple soil organic matter testing and basic agronomic operations such as contour ditching and surface mulching; the integrated water and fertilizer system uses simple sprinkler, drip, or furrow irrigation equipment, making it convenient and easy to understand. The entire process requires no professional technicians, is suitable for small-scale, decentralized operations in mountainous areas, and is easy for farmers to master and replicate, solving the problem of the difficulty in implementing advanced technologies in mountainous regions. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1: A high-standard farmland in a remote mountainous area was selected, with a total area of ​​120 mu. The terrain includes the upper, middle and lower parts of the slope, terraces and gullies. The soil type is loess. Transportation is inconvenient and the cost of transporting purchased fertilizer is high.

[0022] Step S1: Soil obstacle diagnosis and fertilization zoning The area is divided into three zones according to the standards of this invention, and the area and distribution of each zone are as follows: Priority area for soil moisture conservation in barren soil: 35 mu, organic matter 1.1% < 1.5%, sand content 62%, field water holding capacity 27%; Structural improvement and nutrient activation zone: 55 mu, organic matter 2.0%, with slight compaction; Soil fertility consolidation and improvement area: 30 mu, organic matter 2.7% > 2.5%, basic fertility is good.

[0023] Step S2: Preparation of low-cost fertilizer materials Basic compost A: 100 parts cow manure (65% moisture content), 25 parts corn stalks (crushed to 3-5cm), 250g compound microbial agent (a compound of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) per ton, 2.5kg urea, and 6kg superphosphate. Compost at 15-28℃, turn over once every 18 days, for a total composting period of 35 days. Water-retaining and slow-release material B: Bentonite powder mixed with basic compost A at a weight ratio of 1:6; Nutrient activating material C: 100 parts of basic compost A, 8 parts of phosphate rock powder, 4 parts of sucralose residue, and 4 parts of functional microbial agent (a complex of gelatinous Bacillus and Bacillus megaterium), composted for 4 days; Green manure turning material D: Plant hairy vetch on the field ridges and harvest it during the peak flowering period for later use.

[0024] Step S3: Implement zoned fertilization In areas with poor soil and low soil moisture retention, deep ditching and mulching techniques are used to retain moisture. The basic compost A is 1.8 tons / mu, water-retaining slow-release material B is 0.4 tons / mu, and fertilizer trenches 35cm deep are dug along the contour lines. After deep application, the soil is covered and the surface is covered with corn stalks with a thickness of 5cm. In the structural improvement and nutrient activation zone, apply 1.2 tons of basic compost A per acre and 0.25 tons of nutrient activation material C per acre, and mix the fertilizer evenly into the tillage layer during autumn deep plowing or spring rotary tilling. Alternatively, no-till intercropping with green manure (material D) between the rows of the main crop can be carried out, and then plowed in after the season.

[0025] In the soil fertility consolidation and improvement area, apply 1.0 ton of basic compost A and replace 35% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, using a simple drip irrigation system for simultaneous water and fertilizer application.

[0026] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional composting) Compost preparation: 100 parts cow manure, 30 parts corn stalks, no added microbial agents, urea and superphosphate, composting period of 45 days; Application method: Apply 1.5 tons / acre uniformly to the entire plot, and then shallowly till (10cm) after spreading on the surface.

[0027] Comparative Example 2 (Non-regional fattening) Materials: Basic compost A 1.2 tons / acre; Water-retaining slow-release material B 0.3 tons / acre; Application method: Apply to the entire plot in trenches to a depth of 30cm, without covering.

[0028] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the bentonite powder in water-retaining slow-release material B is mixed with the basic compost A at a weight ratio of 1:4; all other aspects are the same as in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 4 Compared with Example 1, the bentonite powder in water-retaining slow-release material B is mixed with the basic compost A at a weight ratio of 1:9; all other aspects are the same as in Example 1.

[0030] I. Supplementary Basic Experimental Information 1. Experimental crops Spring-sown maize (variety: Zhengdan 958) was sown on April 15 and harvested on October 10, with a total growth period of 178 days. Field management (weeding, pest and disease control, etc.) was kept consistent across all treatment groups.

[0031] 2. Measurement Indicators and Methods Soil parameters: After harvest, soil samples were collected from the 0-20cm topsoil layer to determine soil organic matter content (potassium dichromate oxidation method), field water holding capacity (ring cutter method), available phosphorus content (molybdenum antimony colorimetric method), and soil bulk density (ring cutter method). Crop indicators: Plant height at harvest (average of 20 randomly selected plants), 1000-grain weight (average of 1000 seeds from 3 randomly selected groups), and yield per mu (calculated from the total yield of the plot). Cost and ecological indicators: The total cost of fertilizer raw material procurement, preparation and application is statistically analyzed, and the utilization rate of agricultural waste (cow manure, corn stalks) and fertilizer reduction rate are calculated.

[0032] II. Summary Table of Experimental Data 1. Soil index data (measured at harvest time)

[0033] 2. Crop growth and yield data

[0034] 3. Cost and Ecological Indicator Data

[0035] III. Experimental Data Analysis The advantages of precise fertilization by zone are significant. In Example 1, the average soil organic matter content reached 2.1%, an increase of 16.7% compared to the initial average. Moreover, the organic matter content increased evenly in each zone: in the infertile soil moisture retention priority zone, it increased from 1.1% to 1.8%, an increase of 63.6%, thanks to the synergistic effect of 1.8 tons / acre of high-volume basic compost A and water-retaining slow-release material B, which rapidly replenished organic carbon sources with minimal loss; in the structural improvement and nutrient activation zone, it increased from 2.0% to 2.3%, an increase of 15.0%, with functional bacteria in nutrient activation material C promoting organic matter conversion and avoiding resource waste caused by excessive input; in the soil fertility consolidation and enhancement zone, it increased from 2.7% to 2.9%, an increase of 7.4%, with moderate organic fertilizer input both consolidating soil fertility and avoiding diminishing marginal returns.

[0036] In the comparative groups: Comparative Example 1 had only 1.5% organic matter, which was insufficient due to the lack of functional bacteria and nutrient regulators, resulting in high nutrient loss and low organic matter replenishment efficiency; Comparative Example 2 had 1.7% organic matter, which was limited due to the lack of increased organic fertilizer application in barren areas and the absence of covering measures, leading to rapid organic matter decomposition and limited improvement effect; Comparative Examples 3 and 4 had 1.6% and 1.7% organic matter, respectively. Although the waste utilization rate was consistent with Example 1, the material ratio deviated from the patent standard, affecting the organic matter conversion efficiency.

[0037] Example 1 showed an average water holding capacity of 34%, a 17.2% increase compared to Comparative Example 1's 29%, reaching 36% in infertile areas, thus resolving the drought stress problem of an initial field capacity of 27%. The core reason is that the bentonite and compost in the water-retaining slow-release material B formed a stable adsorption and water-retention network. The high swelling capacity of bentonite locks in moisture, while the organic matter pores of the compost improve aeration; the ratio of the two is well-matched. Comparative Example 3 had an excessively high bentonite content; although the field capacity was 33%, close to Example 1, the soil bulk density was only 1.36 g / cm³. 3 Higher than 1.28 g / cm³ in Example 1 3 Increased soil viscosity and decreased aeration inhibited microbial activity; in Comparative Example 4, the proportion of bentonite was too low, making it difficult to form an effective water retention network. The field water holding capacity was only 30%, which was insufficient to meet the urgent water needs of the barren area.

[0038] Nutrient activating material C and zoning measures worked synergistically. In Example 1, the average effective phosphorus was 17.2 mg / kg, an increase of 8.3% compared to Comparative Example 1. The effective phosphorus in the structural improvement and nutrient activation zone reached 19.5 mg / kg. This was because the gelatinous Bacillus and Bacillus megaterium in nutrient activating material C secreted organic acids, which dissolved fixed phosphorus in the soil. In addition, phosphate rock powder provided a long-term phosphorus pool, and the slightly acidic environment created by sucralose residue further promoted phosphorus release. In the control group, Comparative Examples 1-4 did not add nutrient activating materials in a targeted manner, and the increase in effective phosphorus was limited. In particular, Comparative Example 3 had only 12.5 mg / kg of effective phosphorus due to poor soil permeability and suppressed microbial activity, which was lower than the 13.8 mg / kg in the barren area of ​​Example 1.

[0039] Example 1 showed an average yield of 518 kg / mu, a 19.1% increase compared to 435 kg / mu in Comparative Example 1. The yield in the infertile area was 482 kg / mu, a 17.6% increase compared to the initial expectation. The yield in the structural area was 525 kg / mu, a 14.1% increase compared to the initial expectation. Improvement of soil compaction and nutrient activation synergistically promoted crop growth. The yield in the consolidation area was 550 kg / mu, a 12.2% increase compared to the initial expectation. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and the integration of water and fertilizer improved nutrient utilization.

[0040] Comparative Example 1 yielded 435 kg per mu, but due to insufficient composting and significant nutrient loss, and because surface application of fertilizer made it easy for rainwater to wash away, the utilization rate was low. Comparative Example 2 yielded 462 kg per mu, only 6.2% higher than Comparative Example 1, due to insufficient fertilizer in the infertile area and excessive fertilizer in the consolidation area, resulting in an imbalance in resource allocation. Comparative Example 3 yielded 448 kg per mu, only 3.0% higher, due to poor soil permeability which hindered root growth, and the thousand-grain weight was only 328 g, lower than the 338 g of Example 1. Comparative Example 4 yielded 455 kg per mu, 4.6% higher, due to insufficient water retention which led to water shortage during the crop's growth period, and the plant height was 268 cm, lower than the 272 cm of Example 1.

[0041] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A zonal synergistic fertilization technology for high-standard farmland in mountainous areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Soil obstacle diagnosis and fertility improvement zoning: Based on soil indicators, farmland is divided into priority areas for soil moisture retention, structural improvement and nutrient activation areas, and soil fertility consolidation and enhancement areas. S2. Localized formulation and preparation of low-cost composting materials: preparation of basic compost A, water-retaining slow-release material B, nutrient activating material C, and green manure turning material D; S3. Integrated Implementation of Regional Fertilization Technology: Different combinations of fertilization technologies and supporting agronomic measures are adopted for different regions to carry out fertilization.

2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the classification criteria are as follows: areas with soil organic matter content below 1.5% are designated as priority areas for soil moisture retention; areas with organic matter content between 1.5% and 2.5% are designated as areas for structural improvement and nutrient activation; and areas with organic matter content above 2.5% are designated as areas for soil fertility consolidation and enhancement.

3. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the basic compost A is as follows: livestock and poultry manure and crushed crop straw are mixed at a weight ratio of 100:(20-30), fermentation agent, urea and superphosphate are added, the pile is built and covered with film, and the pile is piled at 15-30℃. When the core temperature of the pile reaches above 50℃ and then drops, the pile is turned over. The total composting cycle is 30-40 days.

4. The process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water-retaining and slow-release material B is made by mixing bentonite or weathered coal powder with well-rotted basic compost A in a weight ratio of 1:(5-8).

5. The process according to claim 3, characterized in that, The nutrient activating material C is made by mixing 100 parts by weight of well-rotted basic compost A, 5-10 parts by weight of phosphate rock powder, 3-5 parts by weight of sucralose residue and 3-5 parts by weight of functional microbial agent, and then composting for 3-5 days.

6. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green manure turning material D is leguminous green manure from the full bloom stage to the early pod stage, which can be directly turned over or used as compost raw material.

7. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the aforementioned barren soil moisture retention priority area, step S3 is as follows: apply 1.5-2 tons of basic compost A and 0.3-0.5 tons of water-retaining slow-release material B per mu, and dig trenches 30-40cm deep along the contour lines for deep application, and cover the surface with straw or biodegradable mulch after covering with soil.

8. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the structural improvement and nutrient activation zone, step S3 is as follows: apply 1-1.5 tons of basic compost A and 0.2-0.3 tons of nutrient activation material C per acre, and then mix and apply the compost with tillage or use no-till method to sow green manure D between rows and then plow it in.

9. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that, For the soil fertility consolidation and improvement zone, step S3 is as follows: apply 0.8-1.2 tons of basic compost A per mu to replace 30%-40% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and use integrated water and fertilizer irrigation technology.

10. The process according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The process is applicable to high-standard farmland in remote, hilly, and mountainous terrains, and the main materials used are local agricultural waste or low-cost minerals.

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