Quick replacement and anti-loosening buckle connection structure of automobile glass cleaning machine brush

Abstract

The application discloses a buckle connecting structure for quick replacement and anti-loosening of a brush of a car glass cleaning machine and relates to the technical field of car cleaning equipment. The buckle connecting structure comprises a first shaft sleeve for fixing a motor output shaft, a second shaft sleeve for fixing a brush shaft, and a quick connecting shaft sleeve for detachably connecting the first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve. The left and right shaft sleeve outer ends of the quick connecting shaft sleeve are provided with swingable hook claws, a locking sleeve is extruded to embed the hook claws into a groove for locking, the hook claws can be laterally deflected through the clearance between the shaft hole and the pin shaft, the back inclined small channel is matched with the elastic convex arc of the inner wall of the locking sleeve, and self-adaptive anti-loosening is realized by using torsion. The electromagnet is linked with a water spraying system, a load and a cleaning mode to realize precise current regulation and graded overload protection. The application realizes tool-free quick disassembly and assembly of the brush, the anti-loosening performance is improved with the increase of torsion, the application is suitable for wet and load fluctuation working conditions of glass cleaning, and the application has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability and convenient operation and maintenance, thereby effectively solving the problems of complicated replacement, easy loosening and poor adaptability of the existing structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of car washing equipment, specifically a quick-change and anti-loosening snap-fit ​​connection structure for car glass washer brushes. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive glass washer machines are indispensable equipment in the automotive manufacturing, repair, and detailing industries. Their core function is to clean the windshield, side windows, and rear window of a car using high-speed rotating brushes, removing dust, oil, insect residue, mud, and other contaminants from the glass surface to ensure cleanliness and light transmission, thereby guaranteeing driving safety. As a core, easily damaged component of the automotive glass washer machine, the brushes are prone to wear, deformation, and shedding under prolonged high-speed rotation, friction with the glass surface, and contact with cleaning agents and mud, requiring frequent replacement. Furthermore, the connection structure between the brushes and the motor output shaft directly affects the machine's operational stability, cleaning effect, and operational safety. Defects in the connection structure can cause the brushes to loosen or wobble, affecting cleaning accuracy and potentially causing glass scratches, equipment damage, or even personal injury accidents.

[0003] Currently, the brush connection structures of existing car glass washing machines are mainly divided into two categories: one type uses bolts, nuts, and other fasteners to directly fix the brush shaft to the motor output shaft. The advantage of this type of structure is its high connection strength, but it has the problem of cumbersome operation when replacing brushes, requiring the use of tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers to disassemble the fasteners, resulting in extremely low replacement efficiency. Especially for scenarios involving the washing of batches of cars, frequent brush replacements will seriously affect the work efficiency. The other type uses a snap-on quick connection structure, which aims to solve the problem of quick brush replacement. The snap-on and quick-release mechanism allows for quick disassembly and assembly of brushes without the need for tools, improving replacement efficiency to some extent. However, this type of structure generally has the defect of insufficient anti-loosening performance. Under conditions of high-speed brush rotation, load fluctuations, and frequent start-stop operations, the snap-on mechanism is prone to loosening, which can lead to brush shaking and loosening, affecting the cleaning effect and the safety of equipment operation.

[0004] Furthermore, in existing brush connection structures, the components used to achieve brush transmission (such as couplings, friction plates, etc.) are usually fixed connections or single on / off control methods. They cannot flexibly adjust the transmission torque according to changes in cleaning conditions (such as the degree of glass stains, changes in brush load, etc.), resulting in insufficient cleaning power or excessive wear. At the same time, the protection performance of the transmission components is poor. During the cleaning process, water, cleaning agents, mud, etc. can easily penetrate into the transmission components, causing corrosion and jamming, shortening the service life of the equipment, and increasing maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a snap-fit ​​connection structure for quick brush replacement and anti-loosening of automotive glass washer brushes. This structure not only enables quick brush removal and installation without tools, improving brush replacement efficiency, but also has reliable anti-loosening performance, effectively preventing the brushes from loosening under high-speed rotation and load fluctuation conditions. Furthermore, through electronic control linkage, it achieves flexible adjustment of transmission torque to adapt to different cleaning conditions, improving cleaning results. It also possesses good environmental protection performance and convenient operation and maintenance functions, extending equipment lifespan and reducing maintenance costs.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] A quick-change and anti-loosening snap-fit ​​connection structure for car glass washer brushes includes a first bushing, a second bushing, and a quick-connect bushing; the first bushing is used to fix the motor output shaft, the second bushing is used to fix the brush shaft, and the quick-connect bushing is detachably connected between the first bushing and the second bushing;

[0008] The quick-connect bushing includes a left bushing, a right bushing, and a limiting sleeve. The left bushing and the right bushing are rotatable and axially movable relative to each other through the limiting sleeve. Friction discs are provided on the opposite surfaces of the left bushing and the right bushing. A first magnet is fixed on the left bushing and the right bushing respectively. An electromagnet is provided in the limiting sleeve corresponding to the first magnet. When the electromagnet is energized, it generates an axial repulsive force with the first magnet, which pushes the two friction discs to fit together and drive the transmission.

[0009] The outer ends of both the left and right bushings are provided with multiple swingable claws circumferentially, and the claws of the first and second bushings are provided with grooves. The outer ends of both the left and right bushings are threaded with locking sleeves, which can move axially to compress the claws into the grooves to achieve locking. The inner wall of the locking sleeve is provided with an elastic convex arc, and the back of the claw is provided with a slanted small groove. When the locking sleeve is fed to a certain position, the elastic convex arc and the slanted small groove are engaged and cooperated, generating prestress when the claw is deflected by torque to prevent the locking sleeve from loosening.

[0010] Preferably, the opposing surfaces of the left and right bushings each extend outward with a first and a second annular wing ring, and the friction disc and the first magnet are both fixed on the first and second wing rings; the limiting sleeve is fitted on the outside of the first and second wing rings, and its inner wall has a first and a second annular interference ring at both ends, with the first and second annular interference rings respectively facing the first and second wing rings; the electromagnets are respectively disposed on the first and second annular interference rings.

[0011] Preferably, the N pole of the first magnet on the left bushing faces the limiting sleeve, and the S pole of the first magnet on the right bushing faces the limiting sleeve; when the electromagnet is energized, it generates an N pole on its left side and an S pole on its right side, which respectively form an axial repulsive force with the first magnets on both sides.

[0012] Preferably, the locking sleeve is provided with a magnetic element, and the hook is hinged to the corresponding bushing via a pin; an iron plate is built into the root of the hook, and the magnetic element is correspondingly arranged with the iron plate, so that the hook can swing outward around the pin through magnetic attraction; the shaft hole of the bushing is larger than the diameter of the pin so that the hook can be laterally deflected at a certain angle under the action of torque.

[0013] Preferably, the first bushing and the motor output shaft, and the second bushing and the brush shaft are both fixed by a double method of interference fit and set screw locking.

[0014] Preferably, the friction disc is made of wear-resistant rubber with anti-slip texture on the surface; the elastic convex arc is made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60°.

[0015] Preferably, the first bushing, the second bushing, the left bushing, the right bushing, and the limiting sleeve are all made of metal; the hook and the locking sleeve are both made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic; the magnetic component is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or a small electromagnet; when it is an electromagnet, it is connected to the control circuit to achieve automatic unlocking.

[0016] Preferably, the electromagnet is linked to the water spray system, cleaning mode, brush load, and overload protection of the cleaning machine for coordinated control. The cleaning machine is equipped with a water flow sensor, torque sensor, and speed sensor. The electromagnet is only energized when the water flow sensor detects that the water spray system has started, and the power is cut off after a 3-second delay after the water spray stops. The electromagnet current is bound to the three cleaning modes: normal, deep, and emergency. It adopts a current control method with a 0.5-second slow increase and a 0.3-second slow decrease, and automatically adjusts the current according to the load and speed detected by the sensor. At the same time, it has a graded overload protection logic with a first-level warning, a second-level release, and a third-level shutdown, which is linked with the motor to achieve load adaptation and safety protection.

[0017] Preferably, the electromagnet is equipped with a dedicated environmental protection and fault self-diagnosis mechanism; the electromagnet coil is fully encapsulated with epoxy resin, the outer shell is made of passivated stainless steel and equipped with IP67 waterproof terminals, the control circuit is equipped with an EMC filter module and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module; it is equipped with a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor to achieve dehumidification when humidity exceeds the standard, current reduction or power cut-off when temperature exceeds the standard, and the control circuit can automatically detect the on / off state and current status of the electromagnet coil 6, and immediately stop the machine and issue a fault code when a fault occurs.

[0018] Preferably, the electromagnet is linked to the system for coordinated control and ease of operation and maintenance; it is linked to the locking status of the locking sleeve and the brush replacement process to achieve current reduction and pre-tightening when loosening, power-off when loosening, and power-on when locking; when multiple brushes work together, each electromagnet achieves load balancing adjustment and fault self-isolation through a dual redundant CAN bus; it supports local waterproof touch control and remote 4G / 5G / WiFi dual control, can memorize commonly used current parameters, and is linked with the brush RFID electronic tag to achieve model matching, life prediction, and replacement reminders.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] This invention achieves tool-free, rapid assembly and disassembly of brushes through a quick-connect design of the bushing, hook, and locking sleeve. No wrenches, screwdrivers, or other auxiliary tools are needed; connection and separation are accomplished simply by rotating the locking sleeve. During assembly, the magnetic component on the locking sleeve automatically engages the hook in the groove, making the locking process convenient. During disassembly, rotating the locking sleeve in the opposite direction releases the pressure, and the hook automatically resets and disengages from the groove. The time for a single brush replacement can be controlled within 30 seconds. Compared to existing bolt-fixed structures, replacement efficiency is improved by over 80%, effectively solving the problem of low operational efficiency caused by frequent brush replacements in batch glass cleaning scenarios. It also reduces the labor intensity of operators and meets the needs of automated and high-efficiency cleaning.

[0021] This invention constructs a dual anti-loosening system of "mechanical passive anti-loosening + electronic active anti-loosening," completely solving the problem of easy loosening during high-speed rotation of existing snap-fit ​​connection structures. On the one hand, the elastic convex arc of the inner wall of the locking sleeve and the oblique groove on the back of the hook claw engage in a fitting process, generating prestress when the hook claw is deflected by torque, preventing the locking sleeve from rotating in the opposite direction, thus achieving passive anti-loosening. On the other hand, the loosening status of the locking sleeve is monitored in real time by a ring Hall sensor array. When a potential loosening is detected, the electromagnet current is immediately reduced and the electric pre-tightening mechanism is activated to achieve active pre-tightening. At the same time, combined with the synergistic effect of centrifugal mechanical locking, it ensures that the brush will not shake or loosen under harsh working conditions such as high-speed rotation, load fluctuations, and high-frequency start-stop, avoiding glass scratches, equipment damage, and personnel safety accidents, and ensuring cleaning accuracy and operational safety.

[0022] This invention overcomes the limitations of existing single-on / off control of electromagnets, achieving deep linkage between the electromagnet and glass cleaning conditions, balancing cleaning effectiveness, energy efficiency, and component lifespan. First, it links with the water spray system, energizing the electromagnet only after water spraying begins, preventing dry grinding of the glass and friction disc by the brushes; power is delayed after water spraying stops, utilizing inertia to clean residual stains. Second, it is linked with the cleaning mode, automatically adjusting the current according to three modes: normal, deep, and emergency, adapting to different stain conditions. Third, it links with the load, adjusting the current in real time through torque and speed sensors to achieve energy saving under light loads, increased torque under heavy loads, and power cut-off under overloads, while also providing current compensation for friction disc wear. Fourth, it employs a gradual current increase and decrease control to avoid electromagnetic and mechanical shocks. This control logic not only ensures uniform cleaning results but also reduces wear on components such as the electromagnet and friction disc, extending their lifespan and lowering component replacement costs.

[0023] This invention utilizes the interplay of three elements: the elastic convex arc, the oblique small groove, and the "larger diameter of the bushing hole than the pin, allowing the hook to deflect laterally under torque." This interplay produces an unexpected and beneficial anti-loosening effect, specifically as follows: The core of this three-element linkage achieves torque-adaptive dynamic thread anti-loosening, completely solving the problem of conventional threaded connections easily loosening under high-speed rotation and alternating torque. The torque generated by the brush rotation drives the hook to deflect laterally, causing the oblique small groove to shift synchronously, creating a difference in angle between it and the locking sleeve thread. The elastic convex arc embedded in the groove is compressed, generating an axial preload force along the thread tightening direction. Furthermore, the greater the torque, the greater the hook deflection angle, the stronger the angle difference and the compressive force, and the greater the preload force, forming a dynamic closed loop where "the greater the torque, the more reliable the anti-loosening." This linkage requires no additional anti-loosening components and can automatically adapt to the dynamic torque conditions of glass cleaning, ensuring that the locking sleeve will not fail due to loose threads. At the same time, it has a simple structure and high reliability, perfectly adapting to the actual operating requirements of high-speed brush rotation and load fluctuation, and greatly improving the anti-loosening stability of the connection structure. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the present invention is in contact connection;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in its connected state;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of the area circled in the middle.

[0027] 1. First bushing; 2. Second bushing; 3. Quick-connect bushing; 31. Left bushing; 32. Right bushing; 311. First wing ring; 321. Second wing ring; 33. Limiting sleeve; 331. First annular interference ring; 332. Second annular interference ring; 4. Friction disc; 5. First magnet; 6. Electromagnet; 7. Claw; 71. Angled small groove; 8. Groove; 9. Locking sleeve; 91. Elastic convex arc; 12. Pin. Detailed Implementation

[0028] See Figures 1 to 3 The quick-change and anti-loosening snap-fit ​​connection structure for car glass washer brushes includes a first bushing 1, a second bushing 2, and a quick-connect bushing 3; the first bushing 1 is used to fix the motor output shaft, the second bushing 2 is used to fix the brush shaft, and the quick-connect bushing 3 is detachably connected between the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2.

[0029] The quick-connect bushing 3 includes a left bushing 31, a right bushing 32, and a limiting sleeve 33. The left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 are connected by the limiting sleeve 33, which can rotate relative to each other and move axially relative to each other. Friction discs 4 are provided on the opposite surfaces of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32. A first magnet 5 is fixed on the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 respectively. An electromagnet 6 is provided in the limiting sleeve 33 corresponding to the first magnet 5. When the electromagnet 6 is energized, it generates an axial repulsive force with the first magnet 5, which pushes the two friction discs 4 to fit together for transmission.

[0030] The outer ends of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 are each provided with multiple swingable claws 7 in the circumferential direction. The first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2 are provided with grooves 8 corresponding to the claws 7. The outer ends of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 are each threadedly connected with a locking sleeve 9. The locking sleeve 9 can move axially to press the claws 7 into the grooves 8 to achieve locking. The inner wall of the locking sleeve 9 is provided with an elastic convex arc 91, and the back of the claws 7 is provided with a slanted small groove 71. When the locking sleeve 9 is fed to a certain position, the elastic convex arc 91 and the slanted small groove 71 are engaged and cooperated. When the claws 7 are deflected by torque, prestress is generated to prevent the locking sleeve 9 from loosening.

[0031] Furthermore, the opposing surfaces of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 each extend outward with an annular first wing ring 311 and a second wing ring 321. The friction disk 4 and the first magnet 5 are both fixed on the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321. The limiting sleeve 33 is sleeved on the outside of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321, and its inner wall has a first annular interference ring 331 and a second annular interference ring 332 at both ends. The first annular interference ring 331 and the second annular interference ring 332 are respectively opposite to the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321. The electromagnet 6 is respectively set on the first annular interference ring 331 and the second annular interference ring 332.

[0032] Furthermore, the N pole of the first magnet 5 on the left bushing 31 faces the limiting sleeve 33, and the S pole of the first magnet 5 on the right bushing 32 faces the limiting sleeve 33; after the electromagnet 6 is energized, it generates an N pole on its left side and an S pole on its right side, which respectively form an axial repulsive force with the first magnets 5 on both sides.

[0033] Furthermore, the locking sleeve 9 is equipped with a magnetic component, and the hook 7 is hinged to the corresponding bushing via the pin 12; the root of the hook 7 has an iron plate built in, and the magnetic component is set in accordance with the iron plate, so that the hook 7 can swing outward around the pin 12 by magnetic attraction; the shaft hole of the bushing is larger than the diameter of the pin 12 so that the hook 7 can be laterally deflected at a certain angle under the action of torque.

[0034] Furthermore, the first bushing 1 and the motor output shaft, and the second bushing 2 and the brush shaft, are both fixed by a double method of interference fit and set screw locking.

[0035] Furthermore, the friction disc 4 is made of wear-resistant rubber with anti-slip texture on the surface; the elastic convex arc 91 is made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60°.

[0036] Furthermore, the first bushing 1, the second bushing 2, the left bushing 31, the right bushing 32, and the limiting sleeve 33 are all made of metal; the hook 7 and the locking sleeve 9 are both made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic; the magnetic component is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or a small electromagnet; when it is an electromagnet, it is connected to the control circuit to achieve automatic unlocking.

[0037] Furthermore, the electromagnet 6 is linked to the water spray system, cleaning mode, brush load, and overload protection of the cleaning machine for coordinated control. The cleaning machine is equipped with a water flow sensor, torque sensor, and speed sensor. The electromagnet 6 is only energized when the water flow sensor detects that the water spray system has started, and it is de-energized after a 3-second delay after the water spray stops. The current of the electromagnet 6 is bound to the three cleaning modes: normal, deep, and emergency. It adopts a current control method with a 0.5-second slow increase and a 0.3-second slow decrease, and automatically adjusts the current according to the load and speed detected by the sensor. It also has a graded overload protection logic with a first-level warning, a second-level release, and a third-level shutdown, which is linked with the motor to achieve load adaptation and safety protection.

[0038] Furthermore, the electromagnet 6 is equipped with a dedicated environmental protection and fault self-diagnosis mechanism; the coil of the electromagnet 6 is fully encapsulated with epoxy resin, the outer shell is made of passivated stainless steel and equipped with IP67 waterproof terminals, the control circuit is equipped with an EMC filter module and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module; it is equipped with a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor to achieve dehumidification when humidity exceeds the standard, current reduction or power cut-off when temperature exceeds the standard, and the control circuit can automatically detect the on / off state and current status of the electromagnet 6 coil, and immediately stop the machine and issue a fault code when a fault occurs.

[0039] Furthermore, the electromagnet 6 is linked with the system for convenient operation and maintenance; it is linked with the locking status of the locking sleeve 9 and the brush replacement process to achieve current reduction and pre-tightening when loosening, power-off when loosening, and power-on when locking; when multiple brushes work together, each electromagnet 6 achieves load balancing adjustment and fault self-isolation through a dual redundant CAN bus; it supports local waterproof touch control and remote 4G / 5G / WiFi dual control, can memorize commonly used current parameters, and is linked with the brush RFID electronic tag to achieve model matching, life prediction, and replacement reminders.

[0040] Specifically:

[0041] The core assembly logic of this invention is as follows: the first bushing 1 is used to fix the motor output shaft, the second bushing 2 is used to fix the brush shaft, and the quick-connect bushing 3 is used to detachably connect the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2, thereby enabling quick assembly and disassembly of the brush; the repulsive force between the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 5 pushes the friction disc 4 to fit together, thereby transmitting the motor power to the brush; the locking sleeve 9 and the hook 7 cooperate to lock the quick-connect bushing 3 with the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2, while the elastic convex arc 91 and the oblique small groove 71 cooperate to reliably prevent loosening; and the linkage between the electronic control system and each component enables transmission adjustment, safety protection, and convenient operation and maintenance.

[0042] The specific assembly steps are as follows. Technicians can strictly follow these steps to ensure that all components are reliably connected and work smoothly:

[0043] The first step is to fix the first bushing 1 to the motor output shaft: The first bushing 1 is made of metal (preferably 45 steel, heat-treated to achieve a hardness of HRC28-32, providing sufficient strength and wear resistance). It has an internal shaft hole that matches the motor output shaft. The diameter of the shaft hole and the diameter of the motor output shaft are designed with an interference fit, with the interference controlled at 0.01-0.03mm to ensure a tight connection and prevent relative rotation. Simultaneously, a set screw hole (M8×1.25 thread specification) is provided on the side wall of the first bushing 1, extending to the inner wall of the shaft hole. During assembly, first insert the motor output shaft into the shaft hole of the first bushing 1, ensuring the insertion depth reaches more than 80% of the shaft hole length. Then, screw the set screw (made of high-strength carbon steel with a galvanized surface to prevent corrosion) into the set screw hole until the end of the set screw firmly presses against the surface of the motor output shaft. This achieves double fixation through both interference fit and set screw locking, preventing loosening between the first bushing 1 and the motor output shaft. Two set screws are set and symmetrically distributed on the side wall of the first bushing 1 at an angle of 180° to ensure uniform locking force of the set screws and further improve the reliability of fixing.

[0044] The second step is fixing the second bushing 2 to the brush shaft: The structure of the second bushing 2 is basically the same as that of the first bushing 1. It is also made of 45# steel with heat treatment. It has an internal shaft hole adapted to the brush shaft, and the shaft hole and brush shaft are interference-fitted (interference 0.01-0.03mm). The side wall has two symmetrically distributed set screw holes (M8×1.25). During assembly, the brush shaft is inserted into the shaft hole of the second bushing 2, with the insertion depth meeting the stability requirements after brush installation. Then, the set screws are tightened to lock it, achieving double fixing of the second bushing 2 and the brush shaft, ensuring that the brush will not shake or loosen during high-speed rotation. It should be noted that the diameter of the shaft hole of the second bushing 2 can be adapted to different specifications of brush shafts, ensuring that the invention is compatible with various brush specifications and improving versatility.

[0045] The third step is the assembly of the quick-connect bushing 3: The quick-connect bushing 3 is the core component for enabling quick brush replacement and power transmission. It includes the left bushing 31, the right bushing 32, and the limiting sleeve 33. All three are made of metal (45# steel with heat treatment) to ensure structural strength and wear resistance. The left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 are symmetrical in structure. Their opposite surfaces each have annular first wing ring 311 and second wing ring 321 extending outward. The first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321 are integrally formed with the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32, and are machined by turning. The thickness of the wing ring is 8-10mm, and the outer diameter is 15-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32. They are used to install the friction disc 4 and the first magnet 5. The friction disc 4 is made of wear-resistant rubber (preferably nitrile rubber, which has good wear resistance, oil resistance and elasticity), with a thickness of 5-6mm. Its surface has evenly distributed anti-slip textures (texture depth 0.5-1mm, distributed in a ring shape), which increases the friction between the friction discs 4, ensuring the stability of power transmission and preventing slippage. The friction disc 4 is fixed to the opposing surfaces of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321 with high-strength adhesive (preferably epoxy adhesive, with a bonding strength ≥15MPa). Before bonding, the wing ring surfaces need to be polished and rust-removed to ensure a tight bond and prevent the friction disc 4 from falling off during high-speed rotation and friction.

[0046] The first magnet 5 is a permanent magnet (preferably a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, which has high magnetic strength and good stability). Its size is adapted to the size of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321, forming a ring structure. It is fixed on the side of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321 away from the friction disk 4, and is concentrically arranged with the friction disk 4. The specific fixing method is as follows: an annular groove is opened on the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321, and the groove depth is 1 / 2 the thickness of the first magnet 5. The first magnet 5 is embedded in the groove and then fixed by adhesive to ensure that the first magnet 5 will not be displaced. Among them, the N pole of the first magnet 5 on the left bushing 31 faces the limiting sleeve 33, and the S pole of the first magnet 5 on the right bushing 32 faces the limiting sleeve 33. This arrangement ensures that when the electromagnet 6 is energized, it generates axial repulsive force with the first magnets 5 on both sides, pushing the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 to move relative to each other, so that the two friction disks 4 are tightly attached to achieve power transmission.

[0047] The limiting sleeve 33 is cylindrical and is fitted onto the outside of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321. Its inner diameter is 0.5-1 mm larger than the outer diameter of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321, ensuring that the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 can rotate relative to each other and move axially relative to each other within the limiting sleeve 33. The inner wall of the limiting sleeve 33 is provided with a first annular interference ring 331 and a second annular interference ring 332 at both ends. The first annular interference ring 331 and the second annular interference ring 332 are integrally formed with the limiting sleeve 33, and their inner diameters are adapted to the outer diameters of the first wing ring 311 and the second wing ring 321. They are used to limit the axial movement range of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 and prevent the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 from disengaging from the limiting sleeve 33. Electromagnet 6 is mounted on the first annular interference ring 331 and the second annular interference ring 332, corresponding one-to-one with the first magnet 5. Electromagnet 6 is a DC electromagnet with a rated voltage of 24V and a rated current of 3A. Its coil has 500-600 turns and a copper core, which has good conductivity and low heat generation. Electromagnet 6 is fixed to the first annular interference ring 331 and the second annular interference ring 332 by bolts made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion. During fixing, it is ensured that the center of electromagnet 6 is aligned with the center of the first magnet 5, with a deviation not exceeding 0.1mm, to ensure that electromagnet 6 can generate a stable axial repulsive force with the first magnet 5 after being energized.

[0048] The fourth step is the assembly of the hooks 7 and the locking sleeves 9: The outer ends of the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 are provided with multiple swingable hooks 7 in the circumferential direction. The hooks 7 are made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic (preferably glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, which has good strength, toughness and wear resistance, is lightweight and easy to swing). The number of hooks 7 on each bushing is set to 4, which are evenly distributed on the outer end of the bushing with an included angle of 90° to ensure that the force is even when locking. The hook 7 is hinged to the corresponding bushing via a pin 12. The pin 12 is made of stainless steel, with a diameter of 6mm and a length of 15mm. The bushing has a shaft hole that matches the pin 12. The diameter of the shaft hole is 0.2-0.3mm larger than the diameter of the pin 12, so that the hook 7 can be laterally deflected at a certain angle (the deflection angle does not exceed 5°) under torque. This setting allows the hook 7 to be better embedded in the groove 8. At the same time, when the hook 7 is deflected by torque, it drives the elastic convex arc 91 of the inner wall of the locking sleeve 9 to tightly cooperate with the inclined small groove 71, generating prestress and achieving anti-loosening.

[0049] The base of the hook 7 has an embedded iron plate (made of cold-rolled steel plate, 1mm thick). The iron plate is embedded inside the hook 7 through injection molding, tightly engaging with the hook 7 to cooperate with the magnetic components on the locking sleeve 9. The locking sleeve 9 is made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic, the same material as the hook 7, ensuring wear resistance and fitting precision. The inner wall of the locking sleeve 9 has internal threads that match the external threads at the outer ends of the left bushing 31 and right bushing 32 (thread specification M40×2), enabling axial movement of the locking sleeve 9 through threaded connection. The inner wall of the locking sleeve 9 has elastic convex arcs 91, made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60°, possessing good elasticity and wear resistance. These arcs are glued to the inner wall of the locking sleeve 9. The number of elastic convex arcs 91 matches the number of hook 7, and their positions correspond one-to-one. The back of the hook 7 is provided with a slanted groove 71. The size of the slanted groove 71 is adapted to the size of the elastic convex arc 91. When the locking sleeve 9 is fed to a certain position by the thread, the elastic convex arc 91 is embedded in the slanted groove 71 to form a fit. When the hook 7 is deflected by torque, prestress is generated between the elastic convex arc 91 and the slanted groove 71, which prevents the locking sleeve 9 from rotating in the opposite direction, thereby realizing the anti-loosening function.

[0050] The locking sleeve 9 is equipped with a magnetic component, which can be a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or a small electromagnet. In this embodiment, a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet is preferred because it has high magnetic strength, requires no electricity, and has a simple structure. The magnetic component is fixed to the inner wall of the locking sleeve 9 at the position corresponding to the root of the hook 7, and is positioned to correspond to the iron piece at the root of the hook 7. The magnetic attraction causes the hook 7 to swing outward around the pin 12, making it easy for the hook 7 to embed into the groove 8 on the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2, thus improving the convenience of the locking operation. When a small electromagnet is used as the magnetic component, it is connected to the control circuit of the electronic control system. The control circuit controls the on and off of the small electromagnet to realize the automatic swing of the hook 7, thereby realizing automatic unlocking, which is suitable for the needs of automated cleaning equipment.

[0051] Fifth step, quick connection of bushing 3 with first bushing 1 and second bushing 2: The inner walls of first bushing 1 and second bushing 2 are provided with grooves 8 corresponding to the claws 7. The size of the grooves 8 is adapted to the size of the claws 7, and they are distributed in a ring shape. The depth is 5-6mm and the width is 8-10mm, ensuring that the claws 7 can be fully embedded in the grooves 8 to achieve reliable locking. During assembly, first insert the outer end of the left bushing 31 into the inner wall of the first bushing 1, and the outer end of the right bushing 32 into the inner wall of the second bushing 2, with an insertion depth of 15-20mm, ensuring that the claw 7 is aligned with the groove 8. At this time, the magnetic component on the locking sleeve 9 drives the claw 7 to swing outward around the pin 12 through magnetic attraction, so that the claw 7 is initially embedded in the groove 8. Then, rotate the locking sleeve 9 clockwise. Since the locking sleeve 9 is connected to the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 by threads, the locking sleeve 9 moves axially inward during the rotation, squeezing the claw 7, so that the claw 7 is further embedded in the groove 8, until the end face of the locking sleeve 9 is in contact with the end faces of the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2. At this time, the elastic convex arc 91 is fully embedded in the oblique small groove 71, forming a reliable anti-loosening fit, and completing the connection between the quick-connect bushing 3 and the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2. During disassembly, simply rotate the locking sleeve 9 counterclockwise. The locking sleeve 9 moves outward axially, releasing the pressure on the hook 7. The magnetic attraction of the magnetic component disappears, and the hook 7 resets under its own elasticity, disengaging from the groove 8. This allows the quick-connect bushing 3 to be separated from the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2, thus enabling quick brush replacement. The entire disassembly and assembly process requires no tools, making it convenient to operate and highly efficient. The replacement time for a single operation can be controlled within 30 seconds, significantly improving work efficiency.

[0052] The core of the power transmission mechanism of this invention is to use the repulsive force between the electromagnet 6 and the first magnet 5 to push the friction disk 4 into contact, thereby realizing the transmission of motor power to the brush. At the same time, the electromagnet 6 is precisely controlled by the electronic control system to adapt to different working conditions of glass cleaning and ensure the stability and reliability of power transmission. The specific principle and control logic are as follows:

[0053] When the cleaning machine is started, the electronic control system controls the electromagnet 6 to be energized. After the electromagnet 6 is energized, its left side generates the N pole and its right side generates the S pole. Since the N pole of the first magnet 5 on the left bushing 31 faces the limiting sleeve 33 and the S pole of the first magnet 5 on the right bushing 32 faces the limiting sleeve 33, according to the principle that like magnetic poles repel each other, the left side of the electromagnet 6 generates an axial repulsive force with the first magnet 5 on the left bushing 31, and the right side of the electromagnet 6 generates an axial repulsive force with the first magnet 5 on the right bushing 32. The two repulsive forces are in opposite directions, pushing the left bushing 31 to the left and the right bushing 32 to the right, thereby making the friction disc 4 on the left bushing 31 and the right bushing 32 fit tightly together. At this time, the motor output shaft drives the first bushing 1 to rotate. The first bushing 1, through the cooperation of the locking sleeve 9 and the hook 7, drives the left bushing 31 to rotate. The left bushing 31, through the friction between the mating friction discs 4, drives the right bushing 32 to rotate. The right bushing 32, in turn, through the cooperation of the locking sleeve 9 and the hook 7, drives the second bushing 2 to rotate, ultimately driving the brush to rotate, thus realizing the glass cleaning operation. When the cleaning machine stops working or malfunctions, the electrical control system controls the electromagnet 6 to be de-energized. The repulsive force disappears, and the left bushing 31 and right bushing 32 reset under their own elasticity. The friction discs 4 separate, and the power transmission is interrupted, preventing the brush from continuing to rotate and causing a safety hazard.

[0054] The electromagnet 6 of this invention does not employ a single on / off control, but is deeply integrated with the water spray system, cleaning mode, brush load and overload protection, locking state, and brush replacement process of the cleaning machine. It also features environmental protection and self-diagnosis functions, making it fully adaptable to the actual working conditions of automotive glass cleaning. The specific control logic is as follows:

[0055] (1) Linkage control with water spray system and cleaning mode: The cleaning machine is equipped with a water flow sensor (using Hall effect water flow sensor, model YF-S201, measurement range 0-10L / min, accuracy ±5%). The water flow sensor is installed in the water spray pipeline of the cleaning machine to detect whether the water spray system is started. The electrical control system presets the linkage logic: only when the water flow sensor detects water flow in the water spray pipeline (water flow speed ≥0.5L / min), that is, after the water spray system is started, the electromagnet 6 is energized to push the friction disc 4 to engage and drive, avoiding dry grinding of the glass by the brush, preventing glass scratches and excessive wear of the friction disc 4; when the water spray system stops working and the water flow sensor detects no water flow, the electrical control system controls the electromagnet 6 to cut off the power for 3 seconds, using the inertia of the brush to complete the cleaning of residual stains on the glass surface, while avoiding frequent start and stop to cause impact on the coil of the electromagnet 6, and extending the service life of the electromagnet 6.

[0056] The cleaning machine has three preset cleaning modes to suit different glass stain conditions. The current of electromagnet 6 is bound to the three cleaning modes, eliminating the need for manual adjustment and making operation convenient: Regular cleaning mode (suitable for glass surfaces with only a small amount of dust or floating particles), electromagnet 6 operates at 80% of its rated current (3A), i.e., 2.4A, ensuring basic transmission torque while balancing energy saving and the lifespan of friction disc 4; Deep cleaning mode (suitable for glass surfaces with oil, insect residue, or stubborn stains), electromagnet 6 operates at 120%-130% of its rated current, i.e., 3.6A-3.9A, increasing the contact pressure between friction discs 4, enhancing transmission torque, ensuring cleaning power, and effectively removing stubborn stains; Emergency cleaning mode (suitable for temporary emergency cleaning, such as when there are obstructions on the glass surface), electromagnet 6 operates at 100% of its rated current, i.e., 3A, quickly starting power transmission for rapid cleaning.

[0057] Meanwhile, electromagnet 6 employs a current ramp-up and ramp-down control system, with a ramp-up time of 0.5s and a ramp-down time of 0.3s. The PWM module in the electronic control system achieves smooth current regulation, avoiding electromagnetic shocks caused by sudden current surges (damaging the electromagnet 6 coil) and mechanical shocks caused by the instantaneous contact of friction disc 4 (extending the lifespan of friction disc 4 and the bushing), thus adapting to the high-frequency start-stop operation rhythm of glass cleaning. For example, when the cleaning machine switches from standby mode to regular cleaning mode, the current of electromagnet 6 smoothly rises from 0 to 2.4A in 0.5s; when the cleaning mode is switched or the machine stops working, the current smoothly drops from the current value to 0 in 0.3s, ensuring a smooth transition in power transmission.

[0058] (2) Linkage control with brush load and overload protection: The cleaning machine is equipped with a torque sensor and a speed sensor. The torque sensor (using a strain gauge torque sensor, model TJH-105, measurement range 0-50 N·m, accuracy ±0.5%) is installed at the motor output end to detect the load torque of the brush in real time; the speed sensor (using a photoelectric speed sensor, model E3F-DS30C4, measurement range 0-10000 r / min, accuracy ±1 r / min) is installed on the brush shaft to monitor the speed of the brush in real time. The two sensors are connected to the control circuit of the electromagnet 6, and transmit the detected torque and speed data to the main controller in real time (using an STM32F407VET6 microcontroller, which has high-speed computing power and rich interfaces, and can realize multi-sensor data acquisition and multi-device linkage control). The main controller automatically adjusts the energizing current of the electromagnet 6 according to the data to achieve load adaptation.

[0059] Light load conditions (dry brush wiping dust, no obvious stains on glass surface, torque ≤10 N·m, speed ≥800 r / min): The main controller controls the current of electromagnet 6 to reduce to 70%-80% of the rated value, i.e., 2.1A-2.4A, to reduce the pressure between friction discs 4, reduce energy consumption, and reduce wear on friction discs 4; Medium load conditions (regular wet cleaning, torque 10-30 N·m, speed 600-800 r / min): Maintain the rated current of electromagnet 6 at 3A to ensure transmission stability and cleaning effect; Heavy load conditions (oil stains, insect glue adhesion, torque 30-40 N·m, torque ≥800 r / min ... •m, speed 400-600r / min): Control the current of electromagnet 6 to increase to 120%-150% of the rated value, i.e. 3.6A-4.5A, to increase the transmission torque, prevent brush slippage, and ensure that stubborn stains can be effectively removed; Overload condition (stone stuck, brush entangled, torque > 40N·m, speed < 400r / min): The main controller immediately cuts off the power supply to electromagnet 6, causing the friction disc 4 to separate, and simultaneously stops the motor to prevent the electromagnet 6 coil from overheating and the motor from burning out, protecting electromagnet 6 and mechanical parts, and adapting to the frequent foreign object jamming conditions in glass cleaning.

[0060] In addition, the control circuit can also record the energizing time of electromagnet 6 and the number of slippages of friction disc 4 (judged by the difference between torque sensor and speed sensor; when torque suddenly increases and speed suddenly decreases, it is determined to be slippage). It establishes a wear model of friction disc 4, which is fitted based on the cumulative energizing time and the number of slippages. When wear of friction disc 4 is detected, resulting in a decrease in transmission torque (torque decrease ≥10% under the same current), the current of electromagnet 6 is automatically increased by 2%-5% each time to compensate for insufficient contact pressure of friction disc 4. No manual adjustment is required, which is suitable for the wear conditions of long-term glass cleaning operations and extends the service life of friction disc 4.

[0061] Meanwhile, the control circuit of electromagnet 6 is equipped with graded overload protection logic, which is linked to the motor to avoid operation interruption or equipment damage caused by a single power failure protection. The specific graded logic is as follows: Level 1 warning: When the torque exceeds 80% of the rated value (30 N·m) (i.e., 24 N·m) and lasts for 0.5 seconds, the electrical control system automatically reduces the motor speed by 10% and reduces the current of electromagnet 6 to 90% of the rated value (i.e., 2.7A), and issues an audible and visual warning (the warning light is yellow and the buzzer frequency is 1Hz) to remind the operator to pay attention to the load change and avoid the load from continuing to increase; Level 2 release: When the torque exceeds 120% of the rated value (i.e., 36 N·m) For 0.2s, the motor is controlled to execute a "forward rotation 0.3s - reverse rotation 0.2s - forward rotation 0.3s" escape procedure, attempting 3 times. At the same time, the current of electromagnet 6 is increased to 110% of the rated value (i.e., 3.3A) to assist in escaping minor jams (such as small stones or hair entanglement). Three-level shutdown: After the escape fails (the torque is still >36N·m after 3 attempts), the power supply to electromagnet 6 is immediately cut off, causing friction disc 4 to separate. At the same time, the motor is locked, a fault signal is sent (the warning light is red, and the buzzer frequency is 2Hz), and the fault information is transmitted to the local control panel and the remote platform to avoid serious faults such as motor burnout and brush shaft breakage.

[0062] (3) Environmental protection and fault self-diagnosis control: In view of the harsh electrical control environment of glass cleaning, which is characterized by "humidity, high concentration of cleaning agents, and high concentration of mud and sand", this invention equips electromagnet 6 with a dedicated environmental protection and fault self-diagnosis mechanism to ensure the long-term stable operation of electromagnet 6.

[0063] In terms of environmental protection: The coil of electromagnet 6 is fully encapsulated with epoxy resin. The encapsulating material is epoxy resin (model E-44) that is resistant to high temperature, moisture, and chemical corrosion. The encapsulation process uses vacuum encapsulation technology to ensure that the coil is completely wrapped with epoxy resin without air bubbles or gaps, preventing water, cleaning agents, and mud from entering the coil and avoiding short circuits and corrosion. The outer shell of electromagnet 6 is made of passivated stainless steel (304 stainless steel with trivalent chromium passivation treatment), which has good corrosion resistance and wear resistance and can resist the erosion and corrosion of cleaning agents and mud. The connecting wires of electromagnet 6 use chemically resistant silicone cables (model AGRP2×1.5mm²), with a concealed wiring design and an outer waterproof sleeve (model AD25, made of polyvinyl chloride). The connectors use IP67 waterproof terminals to prevent erosion and corrosion during cleaning. Meanwhile, an EMC filter module (model EMI-20A, operating frequency 10kHz-1GHz, insertion loss ≥20dB) is added to the control circuit of electromagnet 6 to suppress electromagnetic interference generated by the operation of motor and water pump, avoid current fluctuations in electromagnet 6, prevent loose or excessive compression of friction disc 4, and ensure stable operation of electromagnet 6. The control circuit is also equipped with overcurrent and overvoltage protection modules (overcurrent threshold of 5A, overvoltage threshold of 30V). When a short circuit or abnormal voltage occurs, the power supply to electromagnet 6 is automatically cut off to prevent the coil of electromagnet 6 from burning out.

[0064] For fault self-diagnosis: A temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are installed near electromagnet 6. The temperature sensor (model DS18B20, measurement range -55℃~+125℃, accuracy ±0.5℃) is used to detect the temperature of the electromagnet 6 coil. When the coil temperature exceeds 80℃, the main controller automatically reduces the current of electromagnet 6 by 30%. If the temperature continues to rise (above 90℃), the power is immediately cut off to prevent the coil from overheating and burning out. The humidity sensor (model DHT11, measurement range 20%-90%RH, accuracy ±5%RH) is used to detect the humidity inside electromagnet 6. Based on the working conditions of glass cleaning and referring to the industry's conventional threshold settings (to avoid false alarms due to inappropriate thresholds), when the detected humidity is >75%, the micro dehumidification module (model CS-100, dehumidification capacity 100ml / 24h) is automatically activated. This dehumidification module is linked with the PTC heating element on the bushing to reduce the humidity around electromagnet 6 by heating, preventing the electromagnet 6 coil from getting damp and short-circuiting. Meanwhile, the control circuit can automatically detect the continuity and current of the electromagnet coil 6. When an open circuit, short circuit, or abnormal current (deviation from the set value ±0.3A) is detected, the machine will stop immediately and issue a corresponding fault code (such as "E01" indicating an open circuit, "E02" indicating a short circuit, and "E03" indicating an abnormal current). The fault code can be displayed on the local control panel and transmitted to the remote platform. Operators can quickly locate the problem without disassembling the equipment, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0065] (4) Linkage control with system coordination and ease of operation and maintenance: The locking status of electromagnet 6 and locking sleeve 9, the brush replacement process, the collaborative work of multiple brushes and the deep linkage of operation and maintenance operations improve the operational stability and ease of operation and maintenance of the equipment:

[0066] Linkage with the locking state of locking sleeve 9: A miniature ring Hall sensor array (model A3144, accuracy 0.01mm) is installed on the mating surface between locking sleeve 9 and bushing to detect the axial displacement (loosening amount) and circumferential rotation angle of locking sleeve 9 in real time. The main controller presets a safety threshold: when the loosening amount is >0.1mm or the rotation angle is >1°, an audible and visual warning is immediately triggered (yellow warning light, buzzer frequency 1Hz). At the same time, a signal is transmitted to the main controller to reduce the current of electromagnet 6 to 50% of the rated value (i.e., 1.5A), reducing the transmission torque and preventing the loosening from worsening. Simultaneously, the electric pre-tightening mechanism is linked (equipped with a miniature waterproof servo motor, model MG996R, rated voltage 24V, rated torque 10N·m, integrated on bushing). The servo motor drives the locking sleeve 9 to automatically tighten to the set torque (30N·m) through gears. After pre-tightening, the current of electromagnet 6 returns to the normal level, realizing the linkage between active anti-loosening and electromagnet 6 control. No manual operation is required, ensuring the reliability of the locking structure.

[0067] Linkage with the brush replacement process: To meet the actual needs of high-frequency brush replacement, an automatic power-off logic for electromagnet 6 is designed. When the operator loosens the locking sleeve 9, the Hall sensor detects that the locking sleeve 9 is loose (loosening amount > 0.5mm), and the system immediately cuts off the power to electromagnet 6, separating the friction disc 4. This prevents electromagnet 6 from being accidentally energized during brush replacement, which could cause the brush to rotate unexpectedly, ensuring operator safety. After the brush is installed and the locking sleeve 9 is tightened (the Hall sensor detects a loosening amount ≤ 0.1mm), the system automatically restores power to electromagnet 6, eliminating the need for manual operation and improving the convenience and safety of brush replacement.

[0068] Multi-brush collaborative operation: When the cleaning machine operates with multiple brushes (such as a large car glass cleaning machine equipped with 2-4 brushes), each brush's corresponding electromagnet 6 is equipped with an independent slave controller (model STM32F103C8T6). All slave controllers are connected to the master controller via a dual-redundant CAN bus. The CAN bus adopts the CAN2.0B protocol with a transmission rate of 500kbps. The dual-redundant design can avoid a single bus failure causing a complete shutdown and improve system reliability. The main controller collects torque data from each brush in real time. When a brush is overloaded (torque > 30 N·m), it automatically adjusts the current of the electromagnet 6 of that brush (increasing it by 10%-20%), while simultaneously adjusting the current of the electromagnet 6 of adjacent brushes (reducing it by 5%-10%) to share the cleaning task, avoid single-axis overload, and ensure stable operation of multiple brushes working together. When the electromagnet 6 of a brush connection structure malfunctions (such as coil short circuit or abnormal current), the main controller automatically cuts off the power supply to the electromagnet 6 of that axis, distributes its cleaning task to adjacent brushes, and the system continues to run. It stops for maintenance only after completing the cleaning of the current batch, avoiding chain shutdowns and improving work efficiency.

[0069] Convenience of Operation and Maintenance: The control circuit of electromagnet 6 supports both local and remote control. Locally, it is equipped with a waterproof touch panel (model WT-120, IP67 protection rating, capacitive touch, highly sensitive operation), installed on the control panel of the cleaning machine. Operators can use the touch panel to switch cleaning modes (synchronously adjusting the current of electromagnet 6), view the operating status of electromagnet 6 (current, temperature, humidity), clear relevant fault codes of electromagnet 6, and manually adjust the current of electromagnet 6 (adjustment range 1.5A-4.5A) to adapt to on-site operation needs. Remotely, it supports 4G / 5G / WiFi connections. Through a mobile APP or cloud platform (using Alibaba Cloud IoT platform, supporting real-time data upload and remote control), operators can remotely view the operating status of electromagnet 6, receive fault alerts, remotely adjust the current of electromagnet 6, and control the start and stop of electromagnet 6, enabling unattended cleaning (such as batch cleaning at night), improving the convenience of operation and maintenance. Simultaneously, the control circuit can automatically memorize the current parameters of electromagnet 6 corresponding to commonly used cleaning modes (up to 5 commonly used modes can be memorized), automatically adapting upon the next startup without repeated adjustments, improving operational efficiency.

[0070] In addition, the control circuit of electromagnet 6 is linked with the RFID electronic tag of the brush. Each brush has a built-in waterproof RFID electronic tag (model HF-RFID, frequency 13.56MHz, protection level IP68, which can store information such as brush model, production date, and rated life). An RFID reader (model RC522, reading distance 0-5cm, accuracy ±1mm) is installed on the second bushing 2. When the brush is installed, the RFID reader automatically reads the electronic tag information and transmits it to the main controller. The main controller matches the corresponding current parameters of electromagnet 6 according to the brush model to avoid incorrect installation (such as mixing different models of brushes, which will lead to torque mismatch and overload of electromagnet 6). At the same time, the main controller records the cumulative running time of the brush, the number of times electromagnet 6 slips, and the frequency of current adjustment in real time, and establishes a brush life prediction model. When the remaining life of the brush is less than 10%, it automatically issues a replacement reminder (audio-visual reminder + APP push) and reduces the current of electromagnet 6 (to 70% of the rated value) to avoid overload of electromagnet 6 due to severely worn brushes, thus extending the service life of electromagnet 6.

[0071] To ensure the structural strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and operational stability of this invention, the materials and processing techniques for each component have undergone rigorous selection. When implementing this invention, technicians must strictly adhere to the following material and process requirements during processing and assembly to ensure product quality:

[0072] The first bushing 1, second bushing 2, left bushing 31, right bushing 32, and limiting sleeve 33 are all made of 45# steel, and have undergone quenching and tempering treatment (quenching temperature 840℃, tempering temperature 580℃), achieving a hardness of HRC28-32. This provides sufficient strength and wear resistance to withstand the torque and impact generated by the high-speed rotation of the brush. The machining processes for each metal component employ conventional machining techniques such as turning, milling, and grinding, with machining accuracy controlled at IT7 level. The surface roughness of key parts such as shaft holes, threads, and flanges is controlled below Ra1.6μm to ensure the fitting accuracy of each component and avoid problems such as jamming and shaking. Simultaneously, all metal component surfaces are galvanized (zinc plating thickness 8-10μm) to enhance corrosion resistance and prevent rusting under humid conditions and with multiple cleaning agents.

[0073] Both the claw 7 and the locking sleeve 9 are made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic (glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, glass fiber content 30%). This material has good strength, toughness, and wear resistance, with a tensile strength ≥80MPa and an impact strength ≥15kJ / m². It can withstand the extrusion force during locking and the torque generated by the brush rotation. At the same time, it is lightweight, making it easy for the claw 7 to swing and the locking sleeve 9 to operate. The plastic parts are made using injection molding technology, with the injection temperature controlled at 260-280℃, the injection pressure controlled at 80-100MPa, and the mold precision controlled at IT8 level to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts and avoid defects such as deformation and cracks.

[0074] The friction disc 4 is made of nitrile rubber, which possesses excellent wear resistance, oil resistance, and elasticity. Its Shore hardness is controlled at 60-70°, making it suitable for the friction conditions encountered during glass cleaning. It also provides cushioning to reduce mechanical impact. The surface of the friction disc 4 features annular anti-slip textures with a depth of 0.5-1mm and a spacing of 2mm. This texture is produced through a molding process, ensuring uniformity and clarity, effectively increasing the coefficient of friction and preventing slippage during power transmission. The friction disc 4 is bonded to the wing ring using epoxy adhesive. Before bonding, the wing ring surface must be polished, derusted, and degreased. After bonding, it is cured at 120℃ for 2 hours to ensure a bond strength ≥15MPa, preventing the friction disc 4 from detaching.

[0075] The elastic convex arc 91 is made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60°. Silicone rubber has good elasticity, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for humid conditions and environments with multiple cleaning agents. It also has a certain temperature resistance, operating normally within a temperature range of -40℃ to +150℃. The elastic convex arc 91 is manufactured through a molding process, with dimensional accuracy controlled within ±0.1mm. It is bonded to the locking sleeve 9 using a special silicone rubber adhesive, which is cured for 1 hour after bonding to ensure a tight bond and prevent detachment during use.

[0076] The magnetic components on the first magnet 5 and the locking sleeve 9 are both neodymium iron boron permanent magnets (grade N35), with a remanence ≥1.2T and coercivity ≥850kA / m. They possess high-strength magnetism, capable of generating sufficient repulsive force to push the friction disc 4 into contact, or sufficient attractive force to drive the hook 7 to swing. The magnetic components are machined using a grinding process, with dimensional accuracy controlled within ±0.05mm. The surface is nickel-plated to enhance corrosion resistance and prevent rusting.

[0077] The electromagnet 6 coil uses a copper core (0.2mm wire diameter), with 500-600 turns, a DC resistance of 20-25Ω, a rated voltage of 24V, and a rated current of 3A. When energized, it generates sufficient repulsive force (≥50N) to push the friction disc 4 into contact. The coil is fully encapsulated with E-44 epoxy resin using a vacuum encapsulation process to ensure complete encapsulation without air bubbles or gaps. The curing temperature after encapsulation is 120℃, and the curing time is 2 hours, ensuring the sealing and strength of the encapsulation layer. The outer shell of the electromagnet 6 is made of 304 stainless steel with a trivalent chromium passivation treatment to enhance corrosion resistance.

[0078] The water flow sensor uses a YF-S201 Hall effect water flow sensor, the torque sensor uses a TJH-105 strain gauge torque sensor, the speed sensor uses an E3F-DS30C4 photoelectric speed sensor, the temperature sensor uses a DS18B20, the humidity sensor uses a DHT11, and the Hall effect sensor uses an A3144. All of these sensors possess excellent stability and environmental resistance, enabling them to adapt to the humid and interference-prone conditions of glass cleaning. The main controller uses an STM32F407VET6 microcontroller, the slave controller uses an STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, the EMC filter module uses an EMI-20A, the overcurrent and overvoltage protection module uses an LM317, the RFID reader uses an RC522, and the waterproof touch panel uses a WT-120. All electronic control components use industrial-grade devices, and the operating temperature range is -40℃ to +85℃, ensuring stable operation under harsh conditions. The electrical control circuit uses silicone cables, the connectors use IP67 waterproof terminals, the wiring adopts a concealed design, and the outer layer is equipped with a waterproof sleeve to ensure the reliability and waterproofness of the electrical connection.

[0079] The working process of this invention mainly includes four stages: brush installation, cleaning operation, brush replacement, and troubleshooting. The operation procedures for each stage are clear and convenient. Technicians can operate according to the following procedures to ensure the normal operation of the equipment:

[0080] Brush Installation Procedure: Step 1: Check the equipment status, ensuring the cleaning machine is in standby mode, electromagnet 6 is de-energized, and locking sleeve 9 is in the loose position. Step 2: Insert the brush shaft into the shaft hole of the second sleeve 2, ensuring the insertion depth meets requirements, then tighten the set screw to secure the brush to the second sleeve 2. Step 3: Insert the outer end of the right sleeve 32 into the inner wall of the second sleeve 2, and the outer end of the left sleeve 31 into the inner wall of the first sleeve 1, ensuring the hook 7 is aligned with the groove 8. At this point, the magnetic component on the locking sleeve 9 uses magnetic attraction to initially embed the hook 7 into the groove 8. Step 4: Rotate the locking sleeve 9 clockwise until the end face of the locking sleeve 9 is in contact with the end faces of the first sleeve 1 and the second sleeve 2. At this point, the elastic convex arc 91 is fully embedded in the oblique small groove 71, completing the locking. Step 5: Check the operating status of components such as electromagnet 6 and sensors via the local touch panel or remote platform to ensure there are no faults. The brush installation is now complete.

[0081] Cleaning Operation Procedure: Step 1: Turn on the cleaning machine power. The electrical control system performs a self-check, detecting the status of components such as electromagnet 6, sensors, motors, and water pumps. If a fault is found, a fault warning will be issued immediately, and the machine will stop. The operator must troubleshoot the fault and restart the machine. Step 2: Based on the degree of dirt on the glass surface, select the appropriate cleaning mode (normal, deep, emergency) via the local touch panel or remote platform. Step 3: Start the water spray system. After the water flow sensor detects the water flow, the electrical control system controls electromagnet 6 to be energized. The current rises steadily to the set value of the corresponding cleaning mode according to the preset slow rise time (0.5s). The first step involves pushing the friction disc 4 into contact, starting the motor, and driving the brush to rotate to begin the cleaning operation. The second step involves the torque sensor and speed sensor detecting the brush load and speed in real time during cleaning. The main controller automatically adjusts the current of the electromagnet 6 to adapt to load changes. Simultaneously, the humidity sensor and temperature sensor monitor the environmental status of the electromagnet 6 in real time to ensure its normal operation. The third step involves the water spray system stopping after cleaning is complete. Once the water flow sensor detects no water flow, the electrical control system controls the electromagnet 6 to cut off power after a 3-second delay. The brush then uses inertia to clean the remaining dirt, and the motor stops running, ending the cleaning operation.

[0082] Brush replacement procedure: First, ensure the cleaning machine is in standby mode and both the motor and electromagnet 6 are de-energized. Second, rotate the locking sleeve 9 counterclockwise. The locking sleeve 9 moves axially outward, releasing the pressure on the hook 7. The hook 7 resets under its own elasticity and disengages from the groove 8. Third, separate the quick-connect bushing 3 from the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2. Then, loosen the set screw on the second bushing 2 and remove the old brush from the second bushing 2. Fourth, insert the brush shaft of the new brush into the shaft hole of the second bushing 2, tighten the set screw, and then connect and lock the quick-connect bushing 3 to the first bushing 1 and the second bushing 2 according to the brush installation procedure. Fifth, check the equipment status. After ensuring there are no faults, the equipment can be started for cleaning operations. The entire replacement process does not require tools, is convenient to operate, and is quick.

[0083] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-change and anti-loosening snap-fit ​​connection structure for car glass washer brushes, characterized in that, It includes a first bushing (1), a second bushing (2), and a quick-connect bushing (3); the first bushing (1) is used to fix the motor output shaft, the second bushing (2) is used to fix the brush shaft, and the quick-connect bushing (3) is detachably connected between the first bushing (1) and the second bushing (2); The quick-connect bushing (3) includes a left bushing (31), a right bushing (32), and a limiting sleeve (33). The left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) are connected by the limiting sleeve (33) so that they can rotate relative to each other and move axially relative to each other. The opposing surfaces of the left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) are provided with friction discs (4). The left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) are respectively fixed with first magnets (5). The limiting sleeve (33) is provided with an electromagnet (6) corresponding to the first magnet (5). When the electromagnet (6) is energized, it generates an axial repulsive force with the first magnet (5), which pushes the two friction discs (4) to fit together for transmission. The outer ends of the left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) are provided with multiple swingable claws (7) in the circumferential direction. The first bushing (1) and the second bushing (2) are provided with grooves (8) corresponding to the claws (7). The outer ends of the left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) are threadedly connected with locking sleeves (9). The locking sleeves (9) can move axially to squeeze the claws (7) into the grooves (8) to achieve locking. The inner wall of the locking sleeves (9) is provided with an elastic convex arc (91). The back of the claws (7) is provided with a slanted small groove (71). When the locking sleeves (9) are fed to a certain position, the elastic convex arc (91) and the slanted small groove (71) are engaged. When the claws (7) are deflected by torque, prestress is generated to prevent the locking sleeves (9) from loosening.

2. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left bushing (31) and the right bushing (32) each have annular first wing ring (311) and second wing ring (321) extending outward from their opposite surfaces. The friction disc (4) and the first magnet (5) are both fixed on the first wing ring (311) and the second wing ring (321). The limiting sleeve (33) is sleeved on the outside of the first wing ring (311) and the second wing ring (321). The two ends of its inner wall are provided with a first annular interference ring (331) and a second annular interference ring (332). The first annular interference ring (331) and the second annular interference ring (332) are respectively opposite to the first wing ring (311) and the second wing ring (321). The electromagnet (6) is respectively set on the first annular interference ring (331) and the second annular interference ring (332).

3. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N pole of the first magnet (5) on the left bushing (31) faces the limiting sleeve (33), and the S pole of the first magnet (5) on the right bushing (32) faces the limiting sleeve (33). When the electromagnet (6) is energized, it generates an N pole on its left side and an S pole on its right side, which respectively form an axial repulsive force with the first magnets (5) on both sides.

4. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking sleeve (9) is provided with a magnetic component, and the hook (7) is hinged to the corresponding bushing through the pin (12); the root of the hook (7) has an iron plate built in it, and the magnetic component is set in correspondence with the iron plate. The hook (7) is driven to swing outward around the pin (12) by magnetic attraction; the shaft hole of the bushing is larger than the diameter of the pin (12) so that the hook (7) can be deflected laterally at a certain angle under the action of torque.

5. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first bushing (1) and the motor output shaft, and the second bushing (2) and the brush shaft are both fixed by a double method of interference fit and set screw locking.

6. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction disc (4) is made of wear-resistant rubber and has anti-slip texture on its surface; the elastic convex arc (91) is made of silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60°.

7. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first bushing (1), the second bushing (2), the left bushing (31), the right bushing (32) and the limiting sleeve (33) are all made of metal; the hook (7) and the locking sleeve (9) are both made of glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic; the magnetic component is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet or a small electromagnet; when it is an electromagnet, it is connected to the control circuit to achieve automatic unlocking.

8. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet (6) is linked with the water spray system, cleaning mode, brush load and overload protection of the cleaning machine for control. The cleaning machine is equipped with a water flow sensor, torque sensor and speed sensor. The electromagnet (6) is energized only when the water flow sensor detects that the water spray system is started. The power is cut off after a 3s delay after the water spray stops. The current of the electromagnet (6) is bound to the three cleaning modes of normal, deep and emergency. It adopts a current control method of 0.5s slow rise and 0.3s slow fall. The current is automatically adjusted according to the load and speed detected by the sensor. At the same time, it is equipped with a graded overload protection logic of first-level warning, second-level break-out and third-level shutdown, which is linked with the motor to realize load adaptation and safety protection.

9. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet (6) is equipped with a dedicated environmental protection and fault self-diagnosis mechanism; the coil of the electromagnet (6) is fully encapsulated with epoxy resin, the outer shell is made of passivated stainless steel and equipped with IP67 waterproof terminals, the control circuit is equipped with an EMC filter module and an overcurrent and overvoltage protection module; it is equipped with a humidity sensor and a temperature sensor to achieve dehumidification when humidity exceeds the standard, current reduction or power cut-off when temperature exceeds the standard, and the control circuit can automatically detect the on / off state and current status of the electromagnet (6) coil. In case of fault, it will stop immediately and issue a fault code.

10. The snap-fit ​​connection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet (6) is linked with the system for coordinated operation and maintenance convenience; it is linked with the locking state of the locking sleeve (9) and the brush replacement process to realize loosening current reduction pre-tightening, loosening power off, and locking power restoration; when multiple brushes work together, each electromagnet (6) realizes load balancing adjustment and fault self-isolation through a dual redundant CAN bus; it supports local waterproof touch control and remote 4G / 5G / WiFi dual control, can memorize common current parameters, and is linked with the brush RFID electronic tag to realize model matching, life prediction and replacement reminder.

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