Shockwave cyclone reactor and method for hydrogen production from biomass

By designing a shockwave vortex reactor in the biomass hydrogen production process, and utilizing the spiral channel structure of the shockwave preheating section and the gasification section, the shockwave heating and biomass particle gasification are decoupled, solving the lifespan problem of the shockwave device and the separation problem of nitrogen introduction, thus improving hydrogen production efficiency and throughput.

CN122168339APending Publication Date: 2026-06-09CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP +1
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Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL CORP
Filing Date
2024-12-09
Publication Date
2026-06-09

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing biomass hydrogen production technologies, shock wave generators are difficult to apply to gas-solid two-phase reaction scenarios. Solid particles and tar droplets can collide with the device, affecting reactor lifespan and operational safety. At the same time, the introduction of nitrogen makes subsequent product separation difficult, and uneven heating leads to an increase in secondary reactions and low throughput.

Method used

A shock wave cyclone reactor is designed. By setting a first stator, a rotor, and a second stator in the shock wave preheating section, the process gas generates a shock wave effect. A spiral channel is set in the gasification section, and the biomass pellet inlet is located downstream of the shock wave preheating section to achieve decoupling between shock wave heating and biomass pellet gasification. High-speed, high-temperature gas flow carries the pellets for cyclone gasification and pyrolysis, and gas-solid separation is performed in the conical section.

Benefits of technology

The successful application of shock wave technology in the gas-solid two-phase field avoids the impact of solid particles on the device, improves heating uniformity, reduces secondary reactions, increases product gas yield and throughput, and reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

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Abstract

This invention discloses a shockwave vortex reactor and method for biomass hydrogen production. The reactor is a tubular structure and includes at least: a shockwave preheating section, which includes a tubular shell and a rotating shaft disposed within the shell, with a circumferential gap between the rotating shaft and the tubular shell forming a gas channel; the gas channel is provided sequentially along the gas flow direction by: a first stator for initial acceleration of the process gas, a rotor for accelerating the process gas to supersonic speed, and a second stator for generating shockwave losses and rapidly raising the temperature of the process gas; a biomass particle inlet is located downstream of the shockwave preheating section and is arranged tangentially along the circumference of the tubular reactor, for mixing the biomass particles with the shockwave-heated gas; a gasification section is located below the biomass particle inlet and includes a cylindrical section and a conical section; the biomass particles and high-temperature gas form a vortex in the spiral channel of the cylindrical section, gasification occurs in the vortex state, and gas-solid separation occurs in the conical section.
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