High-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure, belonging to the field of electric spindle technology. It mainly includes a high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure comprising a spindle sleeve, a mounting shaft fixedly connected to one side of the spindle sleeve, a rotating spindle movably sleeved inside the mounting shaft, and an oil inlet assembly inside the mounting shaft. This invention's high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure achieves a direct connection between the oil pipe and the oil outlet pipe. The bottom oil flows through a connecting groove to the oil outlet pipe for recovery, relying entirely on centrifugal force and gravity, requiring no external power. When a combined leakage channel of radial creep and axial splashing occurs, it is addressed through a dual collection groove, an oil-throwing hole, and a diversion and return design. Simultaneously, a flow-blocking ring and a sealing chamber work together to block external cutting fluid and dust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric spindle technology, specifically to a high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-speed spindle equipment, the lubrication and sealing reliability of spindle bearings directly determines the equipment's operational stability, lifespan, and energy consumption. Existing oil-air lubrication systems maintain a slight positive pressure by supplying clean compressed air to the bearing cavity, forming an air seal to suppress lubricating oil leakage. This method works well in low-to-medium speed conditions below 15,000 rpm. However, with the increasing speed of spindles, when the speed reaches or exceeds the critical value of 15,000 rpm, centrifugal force dominates the force on the lubricating oil, causing it to rise radially along the spindle surface. After rising to the shaft end or sealing gap, it is centrifugally sprayed and atomized, thus forming a composite leakage channel of radial climbing and axial splashing. This channel can bypass the traditional static sealing structure to achieve external leakage.

[0003] The existing sealing structure of the oil-air lubrication system follows the traditional static sealing design, which is mainly for axial clearance leakage protection. It does not take into account the dynamic climbing and oil film migration behavior of lubricating oil under high-speed centrifugal field, and cannot specifically block the above-mentioned complex leakage, resulting in frequent problems such as lubricating oil leakage, seal failure, poor bearing lubrication and environmental pollution under high-speed operating conditions.

[0004] Therefore, a high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure is needed to solve the above problems.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in this background section is only for understanding the background technology of the present invention, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure to solve the problems of dynamic oil creep and oil film migration in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-speed spindle oil-gas lubrication sealing structure, comprising a spindle bushing, a mounting shaft body fixedly connected to one side of the spindle bushing, a rotating spindle being movably sleeved inside the mounting shaft body, and an oil inlet assembly being provided inside the mounting shaft body;

[0008] A fixing plate is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting shaft, and a sealing assembly is provided on one side of the fixing plate. The sealing assembly is located on one side of the oil inlet assembly.

[0009] The top of the mounting shaft is fixedly connected to a second oil inlet, and a circulation component is provided at the bottom of the second oil inlet. A bearing housing is sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft, and a rotating bearing is sleeved on the outside of the bearing housing. A flow-blocking component is provided on the outside of the rotating bearing.

[0010] Preferably, the oil inlet assembly includes a first oil inlet, which is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the mounting shaft. A first connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first oil inlet. A sealing chamber is provided on one side of the first connecting pipe. The sealing chamber is fixedly connected to the mounting shaft. A complex oil guiding channel is opened inside the sealing chamber. The first connecting pipe is connected to the oil guiding circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the bearing housing is located inside the sealed chamber, and the complex oil guiding channel of the sealed chamber delivers lubricating oil to the rotating bearing and the bearing housing for oil-air lubrication to ensure smooth operation and effectively protect the parts.

[0012] Preferably, the sealing assembly includes a flow-blocking ring, which is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft. The flow-blocking ring is disposed on one side of the sealing chamber. An oil collection chamber is sleeved on the outside of the flow-blocking ring. The oil collection chamber is fixedly connected to the fixed plate. The rotating bearing and the bearing housing are both disposed on one side of the flow-blocking ring.

[0013] Preferably, the sealing assembly further includes a first collecting groove, which is formed inside the oil collecting tank. A second collecting groove is also formed inside the oil collecting tank. The first collecting groove and the second collecting groove are symmetrical. The flow-blocking ring has a concave cross-section and two protrusions on its outer surface. The two protrusions are respectively formed inside the first collecting groove and the second collecting groove. Multiple sets of oil-throwing holes are formed inside the flow-blocking ring. A connecting groove is formed inside the oil collecting tank. An oil-guiding chamfer is formed on one side of the oil collecting tank.

[0014] Preferably, the circulation assembly includes multiple sets of circulation plates, all of which are fixedly connected to the outside of the flow-blocking ring. The circulation plates are located in the middle of the two protrusions of the flow-blocking ring. A circulation groove is provided inside the oil collection tank. An oil outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first collection groove. Oil guide pipes are fixedly connected to both sides of the oil outlet pipe. Both sets of oil guide pipes are connected to the first collection groove.

[0015] Preferably, the flow-blocking assembly includes a fixed frame, which is fixedly connected to the bearing housing. A heat-deformable ring block is fixedly connected inside the fixed frame. The heat-deformable ring block absorbs the heat from the spindle after it heats up and then expands, thereby completing the flow-blocking function.

[0016] Preferably, the oil guide chamfers are all positioned opposite to the direction of oil movement, and their curved edges are on the same side as the oil rise, which facilitates the collection of oil.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. Lubricating oil enters the mounting shaft through the first oil inlet and the first connecting pipe, lubricating the rotating bearing and bearing housing through the oil guide passage in the sealed chamber. The centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the spindle causes the lubricating oil to rise radially along the surface. The axially and radially moving oil is guided into the flow-blocking ring through the oil guide chamfer. The radially rising oil slides into the first collection tank, and when the centrifugal force is too large, it falls into the second collection tank. The axially moving oil is thrown into the collection tank by the centrifugal force, achieving double capture. The captured oil is thrown into the oil collection tank through the oil throwing hole, and then... Sliding down the wall under gravity, some of the oil flows directly to the outlet pipe through the guide pipe, and the bottom oil flows through the connecting groove to the outlet pipe for recycling. The entire process relies on centrifugal force and gravity, without the need for external power. When a composite leakage channel of "radial climbing + axial splashing" is generated by centrifugal force, it can effectively handle the dual dynamic climbing of lubricating oil. At the same time, through the dual collection tank, oil throwing hole and diversion return design, the leakage, atomization and contamination of lubricating oil are completely avoided. Meanwhile, the flow-blocking ring and sealing chamber work together to block external cutting fluid and dust, ensuring the cleanliness of the oil circuit.

[0019] 2. When the spindle generates a large amount of heat during high-speed operation and the temperature exceeds the limit, the heat is transferred to the heat deformation ring, causing it to expand and automatically cutting off the passage between the oil inlet assembly and the sealing assembly to achieve passive adaptive temperature response without the need for temperature sensors or electronic control components. At the same time, oil is injected into the oil collection tank through the second oil inlet and connected to the oil outlet pipe. At this time, the spindle switches to low-speed rotation, driving the circulation plate to force the internal oil to circulate and accelerate the heat dissipation of the spindle. This process achieves graded control of "maintaining accuracy during high-speed operation and strong heat dissipation in overheating conditions." Moreover, the cooling process does not affect the normal lubrication structure of the spindle, avoiding thermal deformation and loss of accuracy due to excessive temperature rise. When the spindle is running at normal high speed, the sealing assembly remains conductive, relying on conventional oil-air lubrication to maintain operation, thereby effectively improving the spindle's adaptability and operational stability under long-term, heavy-load conditions.

[0020] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting shaft of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the sealing chamber of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the oil collection tank of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sealing chamber of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the oil collection tank structure in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting groove in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the flow guide channel of the present invention.

[0031] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0032] 1. Spindle sleeve; 2. Mounting shaft; 3. Spindle rotation; 4. Oil inlet assembly; 41. First oil inlet; 42. First connecting pipe; 43. Sealing chamber; 44. Fixing plate; 45. Rotating bearing; 46. Bearing housing; 5. Sealing assembly; 51. Flow-blocking ring; 52. Oil collection chamber; 53. First collection groove; 54. Second collection groove; 55. Oil slinger hole; 57. Connecting groove; 58. Oil guide chamfer; 6. Circulation assembly; 61. Second oil inlet; 62. Circulation plate; 63. Oil outlet pipe; 64. Oil guide pipe; 65. Circulation groove; 7. Flow-blocking assembly; 71. Fixing bracket; 72. Heat-deformation ring block. Detailed Implementation

[0033] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-9 As shown in the figure, the present invention provides a high-speed spindle oil-gas lubrication sealing structure, including: a spindle sleeve 1, a mounting shaft 2 fixedly connected to one side of the spindle sleeve 1, a rotating spindle 3 movably sleeved inside the mounting shaft 2, and an oil inlet assembly 4 provided inside the mounting shaft 2;

[0036] A fixing plate 44 is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting shaft 2, and a sealing component 5 is provided on one side of the fixing plate 44. The sealing component 5 is located on one side of the oil inlet component 4.

[0037] The top of the mounting shaft 2 is fixedly connected to a second oil inlet 61, and a circulation component 6 is provided at the bottom of the second oil inlet 61. A bearing housing 46 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft 3, and a rotating bearing 45 is sleeved on the outside of the bearing housing 46. A flow-blocking component 7 is provided on the outside of the rotating bearing 45.

[0038] The oil inlet assembly 4 includes a first oil inlet 41, which is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the mounting shaft 2. A first connecting pipe 42 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first oil inlet 41. A sealing chamber 43 is provided on one side of the first connecting pipe 42. The sealing chamber 43 is fixedly connected to the mounting shaft 2. The interior of the sealing chamber 43 has a complex oil guiding channel. The first connecting pipe 42 is connected to the oil guiding circuit. The bearing housing 46 is located inside the sealing chamber 43. The complex oil guiding channel of the sealing chamber 43 delivers lubricating oil to the rotating bearing 45 and the bearing housing 46 through the oil guiding channel to lubricate them with oil and air, so as to ensure their smooth operation and effectively protect the parts.

[0039] The sealing assembly 5 includes a flow-blocking ring 51, which is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft 3. The flow-blocking ring 51 is disposed on one side of the sealing chamber 43. An oil collection chamber 52 is sleeved on the outside of the flow-blocking ring 51 and is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 44. The rotating bearing 45 and the bearing housing 46 are both disposed on one side of the flow-blocking ring 51. The sealing assembly 5 also includes a first collection groove 53, which is opened inside the oil collection chamber 52. A second collection groove 54 is also opened inside the oil collection chamber 52. The first collection groove 53 and the second collection groove 54 are symmetrical. The cross-section of the flow-blocking ring 51 is concave, and two protrusions are provided on its outer surface. The two protrusions are respectively disposed inside the first collection groove 53 and the second collection groove 54. Multiple sets of oil-throwing holes 55 are opened inside the flow-blocking ring 51. A connecting groove 57 is opened inside the oil collection chamber 52. An oil guide chamfer 58 is opened on one side of the oil collection chamber 52.

[0040] The circulation component 6 includes multiple sets of circulation plates 62, which are all fixedly connected to the outside of the flow-blocking ring 51. The circulation plates 62 are located in the middle of the two protrusions of the flow-blocking ring 51. The oil collection tank 52 has a circulation groove 65 inside. The bottom of the first collection tank 53 is fixedly connected to an oil outlet pipe 63. Both sides of the oil outlet pipe 63 are fixedly connected to oil guide pipes 64. Both sets of oil guide pipes 64 are connected to the first collection tank 53.

[0041] When the spindle is running at high speed, the oil thrown into the oil collection tank 52 slides down the wall by gravity. Some of it flows directly to the oil outlet pipe 63 through the oil guide pipe 64 for recycling, while the oil at the bottom is guided by the circulation tank 65 to flow back to the oil outlet pipe 63, achieving efficient oil return. When the spindle switches to low-speed cooling mode, the flow-blocking ring 51 rotates with the spindle at low speed, driving multiple sets of circulation plates 62 on its outer side to agitate the cooling oil inside the oil collection tank 52. The circulation tank 65 further guides the oil to flow in a directional manner, forming a forced convection circulation and accelerating the heat dissipation of the spindle. This design integrates the oil return function and the heat dissipation function into one, ensuring rapid oil recovery under normal operating conditions and active heat dissipation using the same set of circulation plates 62 under overheating conditions. It has a compact structure and synergistic functions.

[0042] The flow-blocking component 7 includes a fixed frame 71, which is fixedly connected to the bearing housing 46. A heat-deformable ring block 72 is fixedly connected inside the fixed frame 71. The heat-deformable ring block 72 absorbs the heat of the spindle after the spindle heats up and then expands, thereby completing the flow-blocking work.

[0043] When the spindle is running at high speed normally, the heat-deformed ring 72 maintains its initial size, and the oil inlet assembly 4 and the sealing assembly 5 are in a conductive state. The lubricating oil is supplied to the bearing through the conventional oil-air lubrication circuit. When the spindle temperature exceeds the standard due to long-term high-speed operation, the heat is transferred to the heat-deformed ring 72. After being heated and expanded, it automatically isolates the oil inlet assembly 4 and the sealing assembly 5. At the same time, it connects the cooling circuit of the second oil inlet 61 and the oil collection chamber 52. At this time, the spindle switches to low-speed rotation, driving the circulation plate 62 to force the cooling oil to circulate and dissipate heat.

[0044] The oil guide chamfer 58 is positioned opposite to the direction of oil movement, with its curved edge on the same side as the oil's upward movement. This facilitates oil collection. When radially rising or axially moving oil contacts the oil guide chamfer 58, it is smoothly guided into the flow-blocking ring 51 along its slope, preventing the oil from escaping beyond the sealing boundary. Subsequently, the radially rising oil slides directly into the first collection tank 53, and if the centrifugal force is too great, it falls into the second collection tank 54. The axially moving oil is thrown into the same collection tank by the centrifugal force, achieving dual capture.

[0045] Working principle:

[0046] During operation, lubricating oil enters the interior of the mounting shaft 2 through the first oil inlet 41 and the first connecting pipe 42. At this time, the oil passes through the oil guide passage of the sealing chamber 43 to lubricate the rotating bearing 45 and the bearing housing 46. Due to the high-frequency rotation of the high-speed spindle, the centrifugal force generated causes the lubricating oil to be stressed, causing it to rise radially along the spindle surface. The axially and radially rising oil then comes into contact with the guide chamfer 58, and is guided by the inclined surface of the guide chamfer 58 into the interior of the flow-blocking ring 51. The oil continues to move, and the radially rising oil... The oil will slide directly into the first collection tank 53. If the centrifugal force on the oil is too great, it can also fall into the second collection tank 54, thus achieving a double guarantee for the full capture of the oil. The axially moving oil will be thrown out by the centrifugal force of rotation and, together with the radially leaking oil, will be thrown into the first collection tank 53 and the second collection tank 54. At this time, the centrifugal force still exists and will throw the oil from the oil throwing hole 55 into the oil collection tank 52. The oil falling into the oil collection tank 52 slides down along the direction of gravity and against the inner wall of the oil collection tank 52. During the sliding process, it will fall... The oil enters the guide pipe 64 to achieve diversion. Part of the oil continues to slide down to the bottom of the oil collection tank 52 under gravity, while another part flows directly to the outlet pipe 63 along the guide pipe 64 for recycling. The remaining oil that slides to the bottom is guided by the connecting groove 57 and flows into the outlet pipe 63, thus ensuring complete oil recycling. During operation, the entire process relies on the centrifugal force and gravity of the rotating spindle to complete the oil's ascent, guidance, collection, spillage, and return. No external drive such as an oil pump or motor is required, making it well-suited for high-speed spindle operation. Secondly, the guide... The oil chamfer 58 directs the flow, and the cooperation of the first collection tank 53 and the second collection tank 54 achieves dual capture of oil. Whether it is oil that rises radially, moves axially, or splashes due to excessive centrifugal force, it can be completely collected, preventing lubricating oil from leaking to the outside of the spindle, the motor cavity, or the cutting area, thus avoiding oil contamination and waste. Finally, the flow-blocking ring 51 and the sealing chamber 43 form a barrier, which not only prevents the oil from moving randomly, but also prevents external cutting fluid and dust from entering the lubrication channel, ensuring the cleanliness of the oil circuit and further reducing the risk of spindle failure.

[0047] During the high-speed rotation of the high-speed spindle, a large amount of heat is generated due to its high-speed rotation. When the spindle heats up too much, it needs to be cooled down before it can continue to operate. At this time, the high temperature will be transferred to the heat deformation ring 72 and absorbed by it. The heat deformation ring 72 expands due to heat, thereby separating the oil inlet assembly 4 from the sealing assembly 5. At this time, oil is injected into the oil collection chamber 52 through the second oil inlet 61, and the second oil inlet 61 is connected to the oil outlet pipe 63, so that the oil entering it can circulate inside. The oil will directly pass through the sealing chamber 43 and directly enter the oil collection chamber 52. At this time, the spindle rotates slowly. The rotation of the oil collection chamber 52 will drive the circulation plate 62 to rotate, thereby driving the internal oil to circulate and accelerate the heat dissipation of the spindle. During the operation, the circulating oil directly enters the oil collection chamber 52 for heat dissipation without affecting the normal lubrication structure of the spindle. At the same time, it accelerates the heat dissipation of the spindle, allowing the spindle to be put into use more quickly, thereby further improving work efficiency.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any improvements and modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, without departing from the principles of the present invention, should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure, comprising: A main spindle sleeve (1) is characterized in that: a mounting shaft (2) is fixedly connected to one side of the main spindle sleeve (1), a rotating main spindle (3) is movably sleeved inside the mounting shaft (2), and an oil inlet assembly (4) is provided inside the mounting shaft (2). A fixing plate (44) is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting shaft (2), and a sealing assembly (5) is provided on one side of the fixing plate (44). The sealing assembly (5) is located on one side of the oil inlet assembly (4). The top of the mounting shaft (2) is fixedly connected to a second oil inlet (61), and a circulation component (6) is provided at the bottom of the second oil inlet (61). A bearing housing (46) is sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft (3), and a rotating bearing (45) is sleeved on the outside of the bearing housing (46). A flow-blocking component (7) is provided on the outside of the rotating bearing (45).

2. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil inlet assembly (4) includes a first oil inlet (41), which is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the mounting shaft (2). A first connecting pipe (42) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first oil inlet (41). A sealing chamber (43) is provided on one side of the first connecting pipe (42). The sealing chamber (43) is fixedly connected to the mounting shaft (2). A complex oil guiding channel is opened inside the sealing chamber (43). The first connecting pipe (42) is connected to the oil guiding circuit.

3. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bearing housing (46) is located inside the sealing chamber (43). The complex oil guiding channel of the sealing chamber (43) delivers lubricating oil to the rotating bearing (45) and the bearing housing (46) through the oil guiding channel to lubricate them with oil and gas, so as to ensure their smooth operation and effectively protect the parts.

4. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (5) includes a flow-blocking ring (51), which is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating main shaft (3). The flow-blocking ring (51) is disposed on one side of the sealing chamber (43). An oil collection chamber (52) is sleeved on the outside of the flow-blocking ring (51). The oil collection chamber (52) is fixedly connected to the fixing plate (44). The rotating bearing (45) and the bearing housing (46) are both disposed on one side of the flow-blocking ring (51).

5. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (5) further includes a first collection groove (53), which is located inside the oil collection tank (52). The oil collection tank (52) also has a second collection groove (54) inside. The first collection groove (53) and the second collection groove (54) are symmetrical. The flow-blocking ring (51) has a concave cross-section and two protrusions on its outer surface. The two protrusions are located inside the first collection groove (53) and the second collection groove (54) respectively. The flow-blocking ring (51) has multiple sets of oil-throwing holes (55) inside. The oil collection tank (52) has a connecting groove (57) inside. The oil collection tank (52) has an oil-guiding chamfer (58) on one side.

6. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circulation assembly (6) includes multiple sets of circulation plates (62), all of which are fixedly connected to the outside of the flow-blocking ring (51). The circulation plates (62) are located in the middle of the two protrusions of the flow-blocking ring (51). The oil collection tank (52) has a circulation groove (65) inside. The bottom of the first collection tank (53) is fixedly connected to an oil outlet pipe (63). Both sides of the oil outlet pipe (63) are fixedly connected to oil guide pipes (64). Both sets of oil guide pipes (64) are connected to the first collection tank (53).

7. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow-blocking assembly (7) includes a fixed frame (71), which is fixedly connected to the bearing housing (46). A heat-deformable ring block (72) is fixedly connected inside the fixed frame (71). The heat-deformable ring block (72) absorbs the heat of the spindle after the spindle heats up and then expands, thereby completing the flow-blocking work.

8. The high-speed spindle oil-air lubrication sealing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The oil guide chamfer (58) is positioned opposite to the direction of oil movement, and its arc edge is on the same side as the oil rise, which facilitates the collection of oil.

Images