A fusion device hard x-ray energy spectrum measurement system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system and method for fusion devices, aiming to solve the problems of complex system architecture, large data processing volume, and poor real-time measurement in existing systems. The system includes a scintillator detector that converts hard X-rays into pulse voltage signals; a voltage divider preamplifier circuit that discriminates the pulse voltages according to amplitude and distributes them to corresponding channels; a memristor array with neural synaptic characteristics, where each memristor receives the pulse voltage of its corresponding channel and accumulates photon counts based on changes in resistance; and a control and data reading module that reads the resistance values ​​of each memristor and calculates the number of photons in each energy range based on a preset relationship, generating the energy spectrum in real time. This invention utilizes the integrated sensing, storage, and computing characteristics of memristors to directly complete energy discrimination and counting in the analog domain, eliminating the need for high-speed analog-to-digital conversion and offline peak finding, significantly simplifying the architecture, reducing data throughput pressure, and enabling real-time acquisition of the energy spectrum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of optical testing in physics, and more particularly to a hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system and method for fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] In magnetically confined plasma physics research, key processes such as radio frequency wave heating, current driving, and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are all closely related to fast electron behavior. Hard X-rays, as products of bremsstrahlung (EMF) between fast electrons and background particles, directly reflect the energy distribution and transport characteristics of fast electrons through their energy spectrum. Therefore, hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement is one of the core methods for diagnosing fast electron behavior, quantitatively assessing wave power deposition and current driving efficiency, and studying the generation mechanism of escape electrons. It is of great significance for achieving high-parameter steady-state operation and ensuring the safety of fusion devices such as tokamaks.

[0003] Currently, conventional hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement systems for fusion devices are typically built around scintillator detectors and subsequent electronic systems. The weak pulse signals output by the detector must undergo analog conditioning stages such as pre-amplification, main amplification, and filtering and shaping before being digitally sampled by a high-precision analog-to-digital converter. Finally, the energy spectrum data is obtained through a complex peak-finding algorithm and energy spectrum reconstruction process using a multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer. This signal processing chain is quite complex. During this process, with the continuous improvement of fusion experimental parameters and the increasing demand for refined spatiotemporal resolution in diagnostics, the amount of data generated by the system during a single discharge increases exponentially. The real-time transmission and local storage of large amounts of raw data can easily cause data bus congestion and processing system lag, leading not only to reduced experimental efficiency but also potentially to the loss of critical data. More importantly, due to the reliance of traditional architectures on multichannel analyzer hardware and offline pulse high-resolution analysis algorithms, the acquisition of energy spectrum information exhibits a significant non-real-time lag. After the discharge, cumbersome data reading and post-processing steps are required to determine the energy spectrum distribution, making it impossible to obtain energy spectrum information in real time during the experiment to guide the real-time adjustment of plasma control parameters and rapid feedback from physical mechanisms.

[0004] It is evident that existing hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement systems for fusion devices have significant shortcomings in terms of architectural complexity, data processing throughput, and real-time measurement performance. There is an urgent need for a hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for fusion devices that can simplify the system structure, reduce data transmission pressure, and achieve real-time energy spectrum acquisition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of the complexity of existing hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement systems for fusion devices and the difficulty in acquiring energy spectrum information in real time, and to provide a hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system and method for fusion devices, which can achieve the effects of simplifying the system structure and realizing real-time acquisition of energy spectrum.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system for a fusion device includes:

[0008] A scintillator detector is used to receive hard X-rays and convert them into pulsed voltage signals, which include several pulse voltages.

[0009] The voltage divider preamplifier circuit is electrically connected to the scintillator detector. The voltage divider preamplifier circuit contains multiple circuit units, each of which has a non-overlapping voltage passage range. The voltage passage ranges of all circuit units together cover the amplitude range of the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector. The circuit units are used to perform amplitude discrimination on the pulse voltage signal, allowing only pulse voltages whose amplitudes fall within the corresponding voltage passage range to pass through.

[0010] A memristor array with neural synaptic properties is electrically connected to a voltage divider preamplifier circuit. The memristor array contains multiple memristors, and each memristor is electrically connected to a circuit unit in a one-to-one correspondence. The memristor is used to receive pulse voltages passing through the corresponding circuit unit and changes its own resistance value based on the number of received pulse voltages in order to accumulate and count the hard X-ray photons corresponding to the energy range and voltage passing range.

[0011] The control and data reading module is electrically connected to the memristor array and is used to read the resistance value information of each memristor. Based on the resistance value information, it obtains the hard X-ray photon count information for each energy range and generates a hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time based on the count information.

[0012] Furthermore, in the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is positively correlated with the energy of the photons in the hard X-rays.

[0013] Furthermore, the scintillator detector includes:

[0014] Scintillator crystals are used to convert hard X-rays into visible light photons;

[0015] A photomultiplier tube, optically coupled to a scintillator crystal, is used to convert visible light photons into pulsed voltage signals.

[0016] Furthermore, the circuit unit includes:

[0017] A window comparator with an upper threshold input and a lower threshold input is used to output an enable signal when the amplitude of the pulse voltage falls between the upper threshold and the lower threshold.

[0018] The gating switch has an input terminal for receiving pulse voltage signals, an output terminal that is electrically connected to the corresponding memristor, and a control terminal that is turned on in response to the enable signal.

[0019] The upper and lower threshold values ​​connected to the window comparators in each circuit unit are different to define the voltage range of the corresponding circuit unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the voltage divider preamplifier circuit also includes a reference voltage generation network, which is electrically connected to the window comparators in each circuit unit to generate multiple incremental reference voltages, which serve as the upper and lower threshold values ​​for each window comparator.

[0021] Furthermore, the memristor array is composed of memristors with a metal-insulator-metal sandwich structure, and the memristors are configured such that the resistance value changes monotonically with the number of pulse voltages under continuous pulse voltage stimulation, and maintains the changed resistance state after the stimulation stops.

[0022] Furthermore, the control and data reading module includes: an input current circuit, used to input an equal reading current to each memristor after one measurement cycle is completed;

[0023] The voltage readout circuit is used to collect the voltage value of each memristor under the action of the read current, so as to characterize its resistance value;

[0024] The control and data reading module is also used to apply a reverse voltage to each memristor after the resistance value is read, so as to restore each memristor from its current resistance state to its initial resistance state.

[0025] Furthermore, the control and data reading module is also configured to convert the read resistance value information into the number of hard X-ray photons in each energy range according to the pre-calibrated correspondence between the resistance value and the number of pulse voltages, and generate an energy spectrum for display.

[0026] Furthermore, the memristor array is integrated on the same circuit board, and the bottom electrodes of all the memristors in the memristor array are electrically connected to each other and connected to a common reference ground or zero potential terminal.

[0027] The present invention also includes a hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement method, applied to the hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system of the fusion device as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0028] 1) Use a scintillator detector to convert the hard X-rays generated by the fusion device into pulsed voltage signals;

[0029] 2) Using a voltage divider preamplifier circuit, each pulse voltage is distributed and transmitted to the memristor connected to the circuit unit with the corresponding voltage passage interval according to the amplitude of each pulse voltage;

[0030] 3) Use a memristor to accumulate the number of received pulse voltages and record the changes in resistance value.

[0031] 4) Use the control and data reading module to read the resistance value of each memristor, and calculate the number of hard X-ray photons corresponding to each energy range based on the resistance value, so as to obtain and display the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time.

[0032] 5) Apply a reverse voltage to each memristor to restore it to its initial resistance state for the next measurement.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] 1. This invention uses a memristor array to replace the traditional high-speed analog-to-digital converter and multichannel pulse amplitude analyzer, and directly and in parallel completes the photon energy discrimination and counting process of hard X-rays in the analog domain; the measurement only needs to read the final state resistance value of the memristor to calculate the energy spectrum, eliminating the need for real-time acquisition, transmission and offline peak finding of massive waveform data, simplifying the system architecture, realizing the instant acquisition and display of hard X-ray energy spectrum, and improving the real-time performance of the measurement.

[0035] 2. This invention utilizes the non-volatile storage characteristics of memristors, reading the resistance value only once after the measurement cycle ends. The amount of data to be transmitted and processed in a single experiment is drastically reduced compared to traditional solutions, fundamentally avoiding data bus congestion and system crashes, and ensuring the integrity of key diagnostic data in long-pulse, high-parameter discharge experiments and the long-term stability of the system.

[0036] 3. The multi-channel amplitude discrimination of the voltage divider preamplifier circuit and the one-to-one correspondence accumulation structure of the memristor array in this invention naturally support parallel processing, and each energy channel independently counts photons. By adjusting the circuit channels and array size, the energy resolution and energy spectrum measurement range can be flexibly expanded. The system has strong scalability and controllable cost, making it easy to promote and apply in fusion devices with different parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To make the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the invention clearer, the invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system of the fusion device described in the embodiment;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage divider preamplifier circuit described in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the memristor array described in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 4This is a flowchart of the hard X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurement method described in the embodiment;

[0042] The components include: fusion device 1, scintillator detector 2, voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3, circuit unit 3-1, circuit base plate 3-2, memristor array 4, memristor 4-1, circuit board 4-2, control and data reading module 5, input current circuit 5-1, readout voltage circuit 5-2, and transmission wire 6. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Example:

[0046] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device, used to perform energy spectrum measurement on hard X-rays generated by fusion device 1; comprising:

[0047] Scintillator detector 2 is used to receive hard X-rays and convert them into pulse voltage signals. The pulse voltage signals include several pulse voltages, and the amplitude of the pulse voltages is positively correlated with the energy of the hard X-ray photons.

[0048] The voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 is electrically connected to the scintillator detector 2. The voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 includes multiple circuit units 3-1. Each circuit unit 3-1 has a non-overlapping voltage passage range, and the voltage passage ranges of each circuit unit 3-1 are continuous and non-overlapping, together covering the amplitude range of the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector 2. The circuit unit 3-1 is used to perform amplitude discrimination on the pulse voltage signal, allowing only pulse voltages whose amplitudes fall within the corresponding voltage passage range to pass through.

[0049] The memristor array 4-1 with neural synaptic characteristics is electrically connected to the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3. The memristor array 4-1 contains multiple memristors 4-1. Each memristor 4-1 is electrically connected to a circuit unit 3-1 in a one-to-one correspondence. The memristor 4-1 is used to receive the pulse voltage passing through the corresponding circuit unit 3-1 and changes its own resistance value based on the number of received pulse voltages in order to accumulate and count the hard X-ray photons corresponding to the energy range and voltage passing range.

[0050] The control and data reading module 5 is electrically connected to the memristor 4-1 array 4 and is used to read the resistance value information of each memristor 4-1, obtain the hard X-ray photon count information of each energy range based on the resistance value information, and generate the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time based on the count information.

[0051] The core concept of the hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for fusion devices described in this invention lies in using a voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 to perform amplitude discrimination on pulse voltages representing different energies, and then sending the discriminated pulses to corresponding memristors 4-1 with neural synaptic characteristics. This approach directly addresses and overcomes the shortcomings of existing systems, such as "complex architecture" and "poor real-time measurement performance." On the one hand, the memristor array 4-1, with its integrated sensing, storage, and computing characteristics, completes the accumulation and non-volatile storage of photon counts during the analog domain process of receiving pulse voltage signals, eliminating the need for high-speed analog-to-digital converters and multichannel converters required in traditional solutions. The pulse amplitude analyzer and complex offline digital peak finding algorithm simplify the system hardware architecture and signal processing flow. On the other hand, since the memristor 4-1 stores the statistical results in the form of analog quantities (resistance values), the control and data reading module 5 only needs to perform a low-speed resistance value reading once after the measurement cycle ends. It can then quickly calculate the photon count of each energy range through a preset relationship, avoiding the real-time transmission, storage and post-processing of massive amounts of raw pulse data. This makes it possible to acquire and display the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time during or immediately after the discharge experiment, thus improving the real-time performance of the energy spectrum measurement.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the scintillator detector 2, the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3, the memristor array 4-1, and the control and data reading module 5 are electrically connected to each other via transmission wires 6. The voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 is provided with the basis for arrangement and electrical connection by the circuit board 3-2 (i.e., PCB board), and each circuit unit 3-1 is distributed in an array on the circuit board 3-2. The voltage of each circuit unit 3-1 in the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 is continuously distributed at equal intervals through intervals, such as the voltage amplitude of the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector 2 being 0-10V (different voltage values ​​correspond to different hard X-ray photon energies). Traditional hard X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (HDS) systems have 256 or 512 detection channels. In this embodiment, referring to traditional hard X-ray HDS systems, a voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 is set with 16×16 circuit units 3-1, totaling 256 circuit units 3-1. The voltage amplitude of each unit is approximately 0.04V. Thus, the voltage range of the first circuit unit 3-1 is 0-0.04V, the voltage range of the second circuit unit 3-1 is 0.04-0.08V, the voltage range of the third circuit unit 3-1 is 0.08-0.12V, and so on.

[0053] Among them, "memristor 4-1 with neural synaptic characteristics" refers to a type of memristor 4-1 device that possesses pulse time-dependent plasticity (STDP) or pulse number-dependent resistance accumulation effect similar to biological neural synapses; specifically, the "neural synaptic characteristics" are embodied in the following three functional integrations in the technical solution of this invention:

[0054] Sensing characteristics: When memristor 4-1 receives one or more pulse voltage signals from the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3, the degree of formation or breakage of its internal conductive filaments changes with the pulse excitation, which is manifested as a monotonically changing resistance value of the device from a high resistance state to a low resistance state (or in the opposite direction); that is, memristor 4-1 can "sense" the presence of pulse voltage and respond accordingly.

[0055] Storage characteristics: After the pulse voltage stimulation stops, the state of the conductive filaments or the distribution of oxygen vacancies inside the memristor 4-1 can be maintained. Its resistance value will not immediately return to the initial resistance state, but can be maintained for a long time in the resistance state changed by the pulse stimulation. This characteristic enables the memristor 4-1 to "memorize" the pulse history received in the past period of time.

[0056] Calculation (accumulation) characteristics: When memristor 4-1 receives multiple consecutive pulse voltages, its resistance value will change cumulatively with the accumulation of the number of pulses (for example, the resistance value changes one step towards lower resistance with each pulse applied); finally, by reading the final resistance value, the total number of pulse voltages applied to memristor 4-1 during that time period can be deduced; this process is essentially simulating the accumulation and counting of the number of pulse voltages without the need for an additional digital counter or a complex peak finding algorithm.

[0057] In summary, the "neural synaptic characteristics" mentioned in this invention refer to the "integrated sensing, storage, and computing" capability of the memristor 4-1. Based on this characteristic, the memristor 4-1 array 4 can directly perform parallel accumulation and counting of pulse voltages representing different hard X-ray energies selected by the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3, thereby avoiding the complex signal acquisition, storage, and offline processing procedures in traditional multichannel pulse amplitude analyzers and realizing real-time acquisition of hard X-ray energy spectra.

[0058] Among them, the amplitude of the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector 2 is positively correlated with the energy of the photons in the hard X-rays.

[0059] This clarifies that the amplitude of the electrical signal output by the scintillator detector 2 can linearly or monotonically reflect the energy of the incident X-rays, ensuring the scientific accuracy of the subsequent energy range division. This enables the system to stably and reliably map pulse voltages of different amplitudes onto the correct memristor 4-1, thereby ensuring the final acquisition of the true energy spectrum distribution.

[0060] The scintillator detector 2 includes: a scintillator crystal for converting hard X-rays into visible light photons; and a photomultiplier tube optically coupled to the scintillator crystal for converting visible light photons into pulse voltage signals.

[0061] In this way, by adopting the architecture of scintillator crystal coupled photomultiplier tube, high-energy hard X-rays are first converted into easily detectable visible light, and then the weak light signal is converted into a pulse voltage signal with high gain that is easy for subsequent circuit processing. This two-stage conversion mechanism can effectively achieve high sensitivity and high time response detection of high-energy photon events, providing pulse voltage with amplitude and energy positively correlated and sufficient driving capability for the subsequent memristor 4-1 array 4, ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of the front-end signal acquisition of the entire measurement system.

[0062] The circuit unit 3-1 includes: a window comparator with an upper threshold input and a lower threshold input, used to output an enable signal when the amplitude of the pulse voltage falls between the upper threshold and the lower threshold; and a gating switch, whose input is used to receive the pulse voltage signal, whose output is electrically connected to the corresponding memristor 4-1, and whose control terminal is turned on in response to the enable signal; the upper threshold and lower threshold connected to the window comparator in each circuit unit 3-1 are different to define the voltage passage range of the corresponding circuit unit 3-1, and the voltage passage range should be a half-open range.

[0063] In this way, by using a combination of window comparator and gating switch, the voltage window (i.e., energy channel) allowed to pass through each circuit unit 3-1 can be precisely set. The gating switch is only enabled and turned on when the amplitude of the input pulse voltage falls precisely between the upper and lower threshold values ​​preset by the window comparator, so as to transmit the pulse to the corresponding memristor 4-1. Compared with simple level comparison, this structure can more accurately define the boundaries of each energy channel, effectively suppress signal crosstalk and false counting near the energy threshold, ensure the accuracy of energy discrimination and the isolation between channels, thereby improving the energy resolution of energy spectrum measurement.

[0064] The voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 further includes a reference voltage generation network, which is electrically connected to the window comparators in each circuit unit 3-1, and is used to generate multiple incremental reference voltages, which serve as the upper and lower threshold values ​​of each window comparator.

[0065] In this way, by setting up a unified reference voltage generation network to generate multiple incremental reference voltages, the upper and lower threshold values ​​of each circuit unit 3-1 can be ensured to have high accuracy and consistency. This not only simplifies the debugging and calibration process of circuit parameters, but more importantly, it ensures that the voltage passage range of each energy channel is continuous, uniform and stable, avoiding the discreteness and temperature drift problems caused by using discrete reference sources, thereby ensuring the long-term stability of the system and the repeatability of the energy spectrum measurement results.

[0066] The memristor array 4-1 consists of memristors 4-1 with a metal-insulator-metal sandwich structure (such as memristors 4-1 with a TiN / HfO2 / Pt structure). The memristors 4-1 are configured such that their resistance value changes monotonically with the number of pulse voltages under continuous pulse voltage stimulation, and maintains the changed resistance state after stimulation stops.

[0067] Please see Figure 3 The memristor array 4-1 is integrated on the same circuit board 4-2. In this embodiment, the circuit board 4-2 (i.e. PCB board) provides the basis for the arrangement and electrical connection of the memristor array 4-1. Each memristor 4-1 is distributed in an array on the circuit board 4-2. The bottom electrodes of all memristors 4-1 in the memristor array 4-1 are electrically connected to each other and connected to a common reference ground or zero potential terminal.

[0068] By interconnecting the bottom electrodes of all memristors 4-1 and connecting them to a common reference ground or zero potential, a unified voltage reference can be provided for all memristor 4-1 cells. This is crucial for measuring minute resistance changes or applying read / reset voltages, effectively suppressing measurement errors introduced by ground potential differences or common-mode noise, improving the consistency and signal-to-noise ratio of channel counting results, and ensuring the accuracy and reliability of energy spectrum data. At the same time, this design also simplifies the wiring and packaging complexity of the array.

[0069] Please see below. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The control and data reading module 5 includes: an input current circuit 5-1, used to input an equal reading current to each memristor 4-1 after a hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement is completed; and a readout voltage circuit 5-2, used to collect the voltage value of each memristor 4-1 under the action of the reading current to characterize its resistance value.

[0070] The control and data reading module 5 is also used to apply a reverse voltage to each memristor 4-1 after completing the resistance value reading, so as to restore each memristor 4-1 from the current resistance state to the initial resistance state. Understandably, the reset voltage (i.e., the reverse voltage) is also a pulse voltage. The reset voltage of different memristors 4-1 is different. Before being put into use, the optimal number of pulse voltages to restore all memristors 4-1 to the initial high resistance state can be obtained by testing the reset characteristics of each memristor 4-1. The interval between the two discharges of the fusion device 1 is relatively long. With a sufficient number of reset pulse voltages, they can all be successfully restored to the initial resistance state (high resistance state).

[0071] In this way, by inputting equal reading current and acquiring voltage, the current resistance state of each memristor 4-1 can be read accurately and without loss. This is a key step in digitizing the accumulated results stored in the analog memory. By applying a reverse voltage to reset after reading, the memristor 4-1 array 4 can be uniformly restored to its initial high-resistance state. This allows the memristor 4-1 array 4 to be reused for measurements in subsequent discharge experiments without the need to replace or manually reset the hardware. This improves the practicality and automation level of the system and meets the diagnostic needs of repeated discharges in fusion experiments.

[0072] The control and data reading module 5 is further configured to convert the read resistance value information into the number of hard X-ray photons in each energy range according to the pre-calibrated correspondence between the resistance value and the number of pulse voltages, and generate an energy spectrum for display. That is, the control and data reading module 5 stores preset information characterizing the correspondence between the resistance value of the memristor 4-1 and the number of received pulse voltages. The control and data reading module 5 is used to read the resistance value information of each memristor 4-1, and based on the preset information, obtain the count information of hard X-ray photons in each energy range according to the read resistance value information, and generate a hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time based on the count information.

[0073] In this way, by pre-calibrating the correspondence between resistance values ​​and the number of pulse voltages, and converting the read resistance value information into photon counts and graphical displays in real time, a complete closed loop from physical signal detection to final visualization results is constructed. This allows experimental operators to intuitively observe the energy spectrum distribution of hard X-rays without needing professional knowledge of the physics of memristors 4-1. This enables them to quickly judge and respond to physical processes such as plasma heating effects, current driving efficiency, or escape electron behavior, thereby improving the system's human-computer interaction friendliness and engineering application value for physical diagnosis.

[0074] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the control and data reading module 5 combines a computer with the input current circuit 5-1 and the readout voltage circuit 5-2. The computer has a built-in program to control the operation of the input current circuit 5-1 and the readout voltage circuit 5-2, and converts the read resistance value information into the number of hard X-ray photons in each energy range, thereby displaying the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time.

[0075] It is worth noting that the counting principle of memristor 4-1, in which the resistance value changes monotonically with the number of pulses under continuous pulse stimulation and the number of pulses is deduced by reading the final resistance value, is existing technology and has been reported in the literature in this field. Those skilled in the art can understand that establishing the correspondence between the resistance value and the number of pulses based on the above calibration method is a conventional technical means.

[0076] This embodiment further provides a specific calibration procedure applicable to this system to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the measurement. Specifically, before actually using the hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system of the fusion device in this embodiment, the correspondence between the resistance value of each memristor 4-1 and the number of received pulses is pre-calibrated. Taking a single memristor 4-1 as an example, the calibration process is as follows:

[0077] A signal generator applies a pulse voltage signal with the same amplitude and pulse width as the output pulse of the scintillator detector 2 to the memristor 4-1. The number of pulse voltages is denoted as N (N=1,2,3,…,M). After every N pulses, a constant read current I (e.g., I =10μA) is input to the memristor 4-1 through the input current circuit 5-1, and the corresponding voltage value U is collected by the read voltage circuit 5-2. The current resistance value is calculated according to Ohm's law R=U / I. The corresponding data between the number of pulses N and the resistance value R are recorded and fitted into a functional relationship R=f(N) or a lookup table is created.

[0078] As an example, for the memristor 4-1 with a TiN / HfO2 / Pt structure, under the conditions of a pulse voltage amplitude of 5V and a pulse width of 100ns, the experimentally measured resistance R shows an approximately linear decreasing relationship with the increase of the number of pulses N, with a dynamic range of approximately 10kΩ to 100kΩ. For memristors 4-1 with other material systems or different pulse parameters, the corresponding relationship can be obtained through similar calibration experiments as described above. Based on the above teachings of this application, those skilled in the art can complete the calibration for a specific selected memristor 4-1.

[0079] In this embodiment, the RN correspondence obtained from the above calibration is pre-stored in the memory of the control and data reading module 5. During actual measurement, after the control and data reading module 5 reads the final resistance value of each memristor 4-1, it can back-calculate the number of pulse voltages received by each memristor 4-1 in the measurement cycle by querying the pre-stored relationship or substituting it into the fitting function, thereby obtaining the hard X-ray photon count of the corresponding energy range.

[0080] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4 The present invention also includes a hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement method, applied to the hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system of the fusion device as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0081] 1) The hard X-rays generated by the fusion device 1 are converted into pulsed voltage signals using the scintillator detector 2;

[0082] 2) Using the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3, each pulse voltage is distributed and transmitted to the memristor 4-1 connected to the circuit unit 3-1 with the corresponding voltage passage interval according to the amplitude of each pulse voltage;

[0083] 3) Using memristor 4-1, the number of received pulse voltages is accumulated and recorded as a change in resistance value;

[0084] 4) Use the control and data reading module 5 to read the resistance value of each memristor 4-1, and calculate the number of hard X-ray photons corresponding to each energy range based on the resistance value, so as to obtain and display the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time.

[0085] 5) Apply a reverse voltage to each memristor 4-1 to restore the memristor 4-1 to its initial resistance state for the next measurement.

[0086] In summary, the measurement method described in this invention, based on the measurement system, has the following advantages:

[0087] The system architecture is simplified and the real-time performance is improved: By using a memristor 4-1 array 4 with "integrated sensing, storage and computing" characteristics to replace the high-speed ADC, multi-channel pulse amplitude analyzer and complex offline peak finding algorithm in the traditional solution, this invention completes the energy discrimination and counting process of hard X-ray photons in the analog domain; after the measurement is completed, only a low-speed resistance value reading is needed to obtain the complete energy spectrum information, eliminating the bottleneck of massive raw waveform data transmission and processing, realizing the real-time acquisition of hard X-ray energy spectrum, and providing instant energy spectrum feedback during experimental discharge;

[0088] The data throughput pressure drops sharply, and the system reliability is enhanced: Traditional solutions require high-speed digitization of each pulse voltage, while this invention only reads the resistance value of each memristor 4-1 once after the measurement cycle ends. The amount of data that the system needs to process and transmit is greatly reduced, which fundamentally avoids the problems of data bus congestion and system lag and crash. It is especially suitable for long-pulse, high-parameter fusion experiments, ensuring the integrity of key diagnostic data and the stability of long-term system operation.

[0089] Strong parallel processing capability and easy expansion: Each memristor 4-1 in the memristor 4-1 array 4 works independently, naturally possessing the ability to process multi-energy channel photon counting in parallel. By adjusting the number of channels in the voltage divider preamplifier circuit 3 and the size of the memristor 4-1 array 4, the number of energy channels and energy resolution of energy spectrum measurement can be easily expanded. The system is flexible in expansion and the cost is controllable.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the technical solutions. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system for a fusion device, characterized in that, include: A scintillator detector is used to receive hard X-rays and convert them into pulsed voltage signals, which include several pulse voltages. The voltage divider preamplifier circuit is electrically connected to the scintillator detector. The voltage divider preamplifier circuit contains multiple circuit units, each of which has a non-overlapping voltage passage range. The voltage passage ranges of all circuit units together cover the amplitude range of the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector. The circuit units are used to perform amplitude discrimination on the pulse voltage signal, allowing only pulse voltages whose amplitudes fall within the corresponding voltage passage range to pass through. A memristor array with neural synaptic properties is electrically connected to a voltage divider preamplifier circuit. The memristor array contains multiple memristors, and each memristor is electrically connected to a circuit unit in a one-to-one correspondence. The memristor is used to receive pulse voltages passing through the corresponding circuit unit and changes its own resistance value based on the number of received pulse voltages in order to accumulate and count the hard X-ray photons corresponding to the energy range and voltage passing range. The control and data reading module is electrically connected to the memristor array and is used to read the resistance value information of each memristor. Based on the resistance value information, it obtains the hard X-ray photon count information for each energy range and generates a hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time based on the count information.

2. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the pulse voltage signal output by the scintillator detector, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is positively correlated with the energy of the photons in hard X-rays.

3. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Scintillator detectors include: Scintillator crystals are used to convert hard X-rays into visible light photons; A photomultiplier tube, optically coupled to a scintillator crystal, is used to convert visible light photons into pulsed voltage signals.

4. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circuit unit includes: A window comparator with an upper threshold input and a lower threshold input is used to output an enable signal when the amplitude of the pulse voltage falls between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. The gating switch has an input terminal for receiving pulse voltage signals, an output terminal that is electrically connected to the corresponding memristor, and a control terminal that is turned on in response to the enable signal. The upper and lower threshold values ​​connected to the window comparators in each circuit unit are different to define the voltage range of the corresponding circuit unit.

5. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The voltage divider preamplifier circuit also includes a reference voltage generation network, which is electrically connected to the window comparators in each circuit unit to generate multiple incremental reference voltages, which serve as the upper and lower threshold values ​​for each window comparator.

6. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The memristor array consists of memristors with a metal-insulator-metal sandwich structure. The memristors are configured such that their resistance changes monotonically with the number of pulse voltages under continuous pulse voltage stimulation, and maintains the changed resistance state after stimulation stops.

7. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and data reading module includes: an input current circuit, used to input an equal reading current to each memristor after one measurement cycle; The voltage readout circuit is used to collect the voltage value of each memristor under the action of the read current, so as to characterize its resistance value; The control and data reading module is also used to apply a reverse voltage to each memristor after the resistance value is read, so as to restore each memristor from its current resistance state to its initial resistance state.

8. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and data reading module is also configured to convert the read resistance value information into the number of hard X-ray photons in each energy range according to the pre-calibrated correspondence between the resistance value and the number of pulse voltages, and generate an energy spectrum for display.

9. The hard X-ray energy spectrum measurement system for a fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The memristor array is integrated on the same circuit board. The bottom electrodes of all memristors in the memristor array are electrically connected to each other and connected to a common reference ground or zero potential terminal.

10. A method for measuring hard X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, characterized in that, The hard X-ray energy spectroscopy measurement system for a fusion device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: 1) Use a scintillator detector to convert the hard X-rays generated by the fusion device into pulsed voltage signals; 2) Using a voltage divider preamplifier circuit, each pulse voltage is distributed and transmitted to the memristor connected to the circuit unit with the corresponding voltage passage interval according to the amplitude of each pulse voltage; 3) Use a memristor to accumulate the number of received pulse voltages and record the changes in resistance value. 4) Use the control and data reading module to read the resistance value of each memristor, and calculate the number of hard X-ray photons corresponding to each energy range based on the resistance value, so as to obtain and display the hard X-ray energy spectrum in real time. 5) Apply a reverse voltage to each memristor to restore it to its initial resistance state for the next measurement.

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