A city building dynamic carbon emission monitoring method and system based on CIM

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of carbon emission monitoring, and provides a kind of urban building dynamic carbon emission monitoring method and system based on CIM, including constructing urban building CIM model containing building, space, carbon emission element information model;According to the four stages of construction, operation and maintenance, updating and reconstruction, demolition, the total carbon emission of single building is calculated according to the carbon emission characteristics of each stage;Obtain multi-source heterogeneous data to fuse the space-time characteristics of carbon emission data, construct real-time data synchronization mechanism in operation and maintenance stage, monitor construction and updating and reconstruction progress through GIS and oblique photography, dynamically update carbon emission element information model according to progress, and then classify and predict the space-time fusion data by algorithm;Based on the space-time fusion data, a carbon emission database covering all links of the whole life cycle of the building is constructed, and dynamic carbon emission monitoring is realized by combining carbon emission element information model.The application can effectively monitor the whole element carbon emission of urban building group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon emission monitoring technology and provides a method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM. Background Technology

[0002] With my country's rapid economic development and urbanization, carbon emissions have increased significantly, including carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases. This has not only led to global climate change but also triggered serious problems such as sea-level rise and ecosystem destruction. The construction industry is one of the major sources of urban carbon emissions, currently accounting for more than 51% of the country's total carbon emissions, and this proportion is still rising year by year. Therefore, reducing building carbon emissions has become a high priority for the construction industry to achieve its dual-carbon goals. Scientific and effective measures need to be adopted to manage and reduce carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of buildings, so as to promote the construction industry towards a more sustainable and low-carbon development direction.

[0003] The entire building lifecycle encompasses multiple phases, including design, construction, operation, maintenance, and demolition, each involving energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, current research on building carbon emissions primarily focuses on static analyses of individual buildings, while urban-scale building carbon emission analysis remains in its early theoretical stages. While methods using holistic data estimation to calculate carbon emissions from building clusters are effective, they struggle to delve into the sources of carbon emissions at each stage of the building lifecycle, resulting in insufficient guidance for reducing carbon emissions, optimizing design, and improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, the lack of accurate, real-time carbon emission data hinders detailed carbon emission management and decision-making. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides a CIM-based method and system for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings. This system enables effective monitoring and visual display of carbon emissions from all elements of urban building complexes, providing a scientific basis and technical support for the low-carbon development of the urban construction industry.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention includes: Construct a CIM model for urban buildings, wherein the CIM model includes a building information model, a spatial information model, and a carbon emission factor information model; The entire life cycle of urban buildings is divided into four stages: construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition. The total carbon emissions of each single building are calculated based on the carbon emission characteristics of each stage. The total carbon emissions are the sum of the carbon emissions of each stage. The system acquires multi-source heterogeneous data for each stage of a single building and unifies the data format and standards. Then, it fuses the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon emission data based on the CIM model. The system monitors the construction and renovation progress of buildings through GIS and oblique photography. The carbon emission element information model is updated in real time according to the carbon emission amounts in the three stages of construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation. The multi-source heterogeneous data includes static building information, real-time dynamic energy consumption data from the Internet of Things, and spatial geographic information.

[0006] Based on spatiotemporal fusion data, a carbon emission database covering the entire life cycle of urban buildings, including production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition, is constructed. Combined with a carbon emission element information model, dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions is achieved.

[0007] Based on spatiotemporal fusion data, a full life cycle carbon emission database is constructed, encompassing the carbon emissions of urban buildings throughout their entire life cycle, including building material production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition. This database is then combined with a carbon emission element information model to achieve dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions.

[0008] Furthermore, the building information model includes structural modeling of the building and vector data generation modeling; the vector data generation modeling method is to determine the building reference elevation based on GIS terrain data, construct the vertical exterior wall surface and roof plane based on the boundary coordinates and height parameters of the building area, digitize the wall surface and roof through triangulation, and make the normal vector of the exterior wall surface outward and the normal vector of the roof plane upward, thereby realizing the modeling of the building's external outline.

[0009] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions is as follows: in For the first Total carbon emissions of a building This refers to carbon emissions during the construction phase. This refers to carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. Carbon emissions during the renovation and upgrading phase. This represents the carbon emissions during the demolition phase.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbon emissions during the construction phase The calculation method is as follows: Based on the bill of quantities exported from the BIM model, the carbon emissions of the three sub-stages—material production, material transportation, and machinery operation—are calculated and summed, i.e.: in: Carbon emissions from materials production , For the first The amount of each material used For the first Carbon emission factors in the production of this material; Carbon emissions from material transportation , For the first The average transportation distance of the materials For the first Carbon emission factors from the transportation of these materials; Carbon emissions from mechanical equipment operation , For the first The number of shifts for various types of machinery and equipment For the first Carbon emission factors per shift of various mechanical equipment.

[0011] Furthermore, the carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase... The calculation method is as follows: By collecting operational data from lighting, heating, cooling, gas, and electrical systems using IoT sensors deployed inside the building, carbon emissions are calculated separately for each system and then summed. Carbon emissions of all systems are uniformly calculated according to Calculation, where For the first The power of the equipment For the first The running time of the equipment For the first Carbon emission factors of the equipment.

[0012] Furthermore, the carbon emissions during the renovation and upgrading phase... The calculation method is as follows: A complete renovation process model was constructed using BIM modeling, and a renovation bill of quantities was exported. Combined with IoT monitoring of renovation energy consumption, the carbon emissions of the three sub-stages—new material production, new material transportation, and operation of renovated machinery and equipment—were calculated and summed. The calculation logic for carbon emissions in each sub-stage is consistent with that of the corresponding sub-stage in the construction stage, and the carbon emission factors are selected to be adapted to the characteristics of materials and equipment in the renovation and upgrading stage.

[0013] Furthermore, the carbon emissions during the demolition phase The calculation method is as follows: Based on the bill of quantities and material properties in the BIM model, calculate the carbon emissions from material removal, solid waste transportation, and the operation of demolition machinery, while deducting the carbon emission reductions from resource recycling. Among them, carbon emissions from material dismantling Carbon emissions from solid waste transportation Carbon emissions from dismantling mechanical equipment Resource recycling carbon emission reduction , For the first The amount of recyclable materials recovered. For the first The carbon emission factor of the recycled materials.

[0014] Furthermore, the spatiotemporal fusion of the carbon emission data is as follows: By deeply binding the temporal and spatial characteristics of the data, the temporal dimension covers the time nodes of each stage of the building's entire life cycle and the real-time monitoring timestamps, while the spatial dimension matches the geographic coordinates of the GIS and the spatial partitions inside the building, thus achieving a one-to-one correspondence between carbon emission data and the building's spatiotemporal location.

[0015] Furthermore, the carbon emission data in the full life cycle carbon emission database is layered according to four dimensions: urban area, building unit, building floor, and equipment, and is associated with the building attributes, equipment parameters, and operating status information corresponding to each dimension.

[0016] This invention also provides a CIM-based urban building dynamic carbon emission monitoring system, which implements the aforementioned CIM-based urban building dynamic carbon emission monitoring method, including: CIM Model Building Module: Used to build a CIM model that integrates building, space, and carbon emission information, enabling dynamic and synchronous updates between the model and the building entity's status, and providing a core digital carrier for the spatiotemporal binding and monitoring of carbon emissions.

[0017] Spatiotemporal fusion data management module: used to standardize and preprocess multi-source heterogeneous data and deeply bind spatiotemporal features, build a real-time data synchronization mechanism for operation and maintenance, link progress monitoring to realize dynamic model updates, and explore the spatiotemporal variation patterns of carbon emissions.

[0018] Carbon emission dynamic monitoring and analysis module: used to quantitatively calculate carbon emissions at each stage of the building's entire life cycle, construct a four-level hierarchical carbon emission database, realize dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions, refined analysis, trend prediction and anomaly early warning, and output monitoring and analysis results in multiple formats.

[0019] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. By constructing a CIM model, comprehensive monitoring of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of urban buildings is achieved. This includes not only static information about buildings, such as structure and materials, but also dynamic factors, such as the building's renovation and upgrade process. CIM technology enables dynamic model updates, ensuring real-time monitoring and providing decision-makers with the latest carbon emission data.

[0020] 2. By leveraging BIM technology to model various stages of building construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation, and combining this with real-time data collected by IoT sensors, high-precision carbon emission data can be provided, offering reliable support for formulating emission reduction strategies.

[0021] 3. By integrating the spatial and temporal data management system, information such as the geographical location and carbon emissions of urban buildings are combined with building CIM, realizing the organic integration of spatial and building information. This helps to understand the spatiotemporal trends of urban building carbon emissions more comprehensively and makes the management of carbon emission data more convenient.

[0022] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a CIM-based method and system framework for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a CIM-based method and system for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiment.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM, and the specific implementation process includes the following steps.

[0030] Step 1: Construct a CIM model of urban buildings, which includes a building information model, a spatial information model, and a carbon emission factor information model; Specifically, Building Information Modeling (CIM) is a digital model that integrates urban spatial data, building structural information, and various attribute data. Constructing urban building CIM models provides a solid foundation for life-cycle carbon emission monitoring. A combination of software modeling and vector data generation modeling methods is used for rapid modeling. Building CIM is combined with vector information such as GIS (Geographic Information System) and satellite imagery data, incorporating key information such as the geographical location and purpose of urban buildings into the modeling process, achieving an organic integration of spatial and architectural information. Simultaneously, BIM is applied to the construction of building CIM models to achieve comprehensive modeling of building structure, materials, equipment, and other aspects.

[0031] Furthermore, the vector data generation modeling method generates a spatial information model, treating the building as a roof surface and various vertical exterior walls. Given the boundary coordinates of the area and the building's height, the vertical exterior walls are directly constructed and subdivided into triangulations in a specific order, ensuring their normal vectors point outwards. The roof plan is constructed through triangulation of the boundary polygons, ensuring its normal vector points upwards. The building's baseline height is obtained from GIS topographic data. In addition, oblique photogrammetry is used to integrate detailed information about the building's appearance and surrounding environment into the CIM model, making it more realistic and three-dimensional, and improving the accuracy of the building's external features.

[0032] Furthermore, BIM technology is used to construct the evolution of building models for each stage of the building lifecycle, including construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition. This involves modeling material transportation and processing during construction, equipment energy consumption during operation and maintenance, structural and equipment updates during renovation and renovation, and the dismantling process during demolition, thereby achieving dynamic updates to urban buildings. Through CIM modeling of urban buildings, carbon emission elements from each stage—construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition—are integrated to build a comprehensive digital model foundation containing full lifecycle carbon emission information, namely, a carbon emission element information model.

[0033] Step 2: Divide the entire life cycle of urban buildings into four stages: construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition. Calculate the total carbon emissions of each single building based on the carbon emission characteristics of each stage. The total carbon emissions are the sum of the carbon emissions of each stage. Specifically, in the collection of carbon emission data throughout the entire life cycle of urban buildings, it is divided into the construction phase. Operation and maintenance phase Renovation and upgrading phase and demolition phase Carbon emission data for each stage of building construction were collected using different data acquisition methods. The total carbon emission data was... .in For the first Total carbon emissions data for each building.

[0034] Furthermore, carbon emission data collection during the construction phase is primarily based on the BIM model. Carbon emission calculations are performed by exporting bill of quantities information, taking into account factors such as material production, transportation, and machinery and equipment, thereby conducting a comprehensive assessment of carbon emissions during the construction phase.

[0035] .

[0036] .

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[0039] in Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of a building during construction. Representing the The building is in the construction process. Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) in each stage; Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated during the material production stage of a building construction process. Representing the The building is in the material production stage of the construction process. The quantity or amount of material used (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The building is in the material production stage of the construction process. Carbon emission factors of each material (kgCO2e / t, kgCO2e / m) 2 kgCO2e / m 3 ); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by a building during the construction and transportation phases. Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the construction process. The quantity or amount of material used (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the construction process. Average transport distance (km) for each material; Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the construction process. Carbon emission factors of material transportation (kgCO2e / (t·km), kgCO2e / (m³)) 2 ·km), kgCO2e / (m 3 ·km)); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by mechanical equipment during the construction process of a building. Representing the The building is in the construction process. Shift data for each piece of machinery (shift); Representing the The building is in the construction process. Carbon emission factor of each piece of machinery and equipment (kgCO2e / shift).

[0040] Furthermore, carbon emission data during the operation and maintenance phase mainly relies on Internet of Things (IoT) technology for collection. By deploying various sensors inside the building, data such as the operating status, energy consumption, and efficiency of equipment such as lighting systems, HVAC systems, gas systems, and electrical systems are collected in real time.

[0041] .

[0042] in Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of a building during operation and maintenance. Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of lighting during the operation and maintenance of a building. Representing the The building during operation and maintenance Power (kW) of each lighting device; Representing the The building during operation and maintenance Operating time (h) of each lighting device; Representing the The building during operation and maintenance Carbon emission factor of a lighting fixture (kgCO2e / kWh); similar , , , Representing the first Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of heating, cooling, gas, and electrical appliances during the operation and maintenance of a building.

[0043] Furthermore, carbon emission data during the renovation and upgrading phase is collected using BIM and IoT technologies. BIM models are used to model the building before, during, and after the renovation. Combined with the bill of quantities and IoT technology, energy consumption and carbon emissions during the production, transportation, and construction of building materials are monitored.

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[0045] .

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[0048] in Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of a building during the renovation and upgrading process. Representing the The building is in the renovation and upgrading process. Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) in each stage; Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by a building during the new material production stage of renovation and upgrading. Representing the The building is in the new material production stage during the renovation and upgrading process. The quantity or amount of material used (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The building is in the new material production stage during the renovation and upgrading process. Carbon emission factors of each material (kgCO2e / t, kgCO2e / m) 2 kgCO2e / m 3 ); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by a building during the transportation phase of its renovation and upgrading process. Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the renovation and upgrading process. The quantity or amount of material used (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the renovation and upgrading process. Average transport distance (km) for each material; Representing the The building is in the transportation phase of the renovation and upgrading process. Carbon emission factors of material transportation (kgCO2e / (t·km), kgCO2e / (m³)) 2 ·km), kgCO2e / (m 3 ·km)); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by mechanical equipment during the renovation and upgrading of a building. Representing the The building is in the renovation and upgrading process. Shift data for each piece of machinery (shift); Representing the The building is in the renovation and upgrading process. Carbon emission factor of each piece of machinery and equipment (kgCO2e / shift).

[0049] Furthermore, carbon emission data during the demolition phase is collected using BIM technology, and the carbon emissions of various materials are calculated through the bill of quantities and material properties. In addition, the demolished construction waste is classified and managed to achieve the resource utilization of construction solid waste.

[0050] .

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[0055] in Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of a building during demolition. Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of materials used in the demolition of a building. Representing the The first building during the demolition process The quantity or amount of material used (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The first building during the demolition process Carbon emission factors of material removal (kgCO2e / t, kgCO2e / m³) 2 kgCO2e / m 3 ); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) of solid waste transportation during the demolition of a building. Representing the The first building during the demolition process The quantity or amount of solid waste (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The first building during the demolition process Average transport distance (km) for solid waste transportation; Representing the The first building during the demolition process Carbon emission factors of solid waste transportation (kgCO2e / (t·km), kgCO2e / (m³)) 2 ·km), kgCO2e / (m 3 ·km)); Representing the Carbon emissions (kgCO2e) generated by machinery and equipment during the demolition of a building. Representing the The first building during the demolition process Shift data for each piece of machinery (shift); Representing the The first building during the demolition process Carbon emission factor of each piece of machinery and equipment (kgCO2e / shift). Representing the The carbon emissions (kgCO2e) reduced by resource recovery during the demolition of a building. Representing the The first building during the demolition process The quantity or amount of resources recycled (t, m) 2 m 3 ); Representing the The first building during the demolition process Carbon emission factors of resource recovery (kgCO2e / t, kgCO2e / m³) 2 kgCO2e / m 3 ).

[0056] Step 3: Acquire multi-source heterogeneous data for each stage of each single building and unify the data format and standards. Then, based on the CIM model, fuse the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon emission data. Monitor the construction and renovation progress of buildings through GIS and oblique photography methods. Update the carbon emission element information model in real time according to the carbon emission amounts in the three stages of construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation. The multi-source heterogeneous data includes static building information, real-time dynamic energy consumption data from the Internet of Things, and spatial geographic information.

[0057] Specifically, a unified data format and standard are established for carbon emission data across the four phases of construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and upgrading, and demolition. Simultaneously, a corresponding data interface is established for each phase within the spatiotemporal fusion data management system, enabling convenient transmission and exchange of carbon emission data from these phases. By integrating data from different sources, including static building information from BIM models, real-time dynamic data from IoT sensors, and geographic location information from Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the data management system performs preprocessing such as data cleaning, integration, transformation, and reduction to ensure data consistency and accuracy. Then, artificial intelligence algorithms are used to analyze and mine the data, achieving classification and prediction of the spatiotemporal fusion data, and enabling an understanding of the trends and patterns of urban building carbon emissions.

[0058] Furthermore, for carbon emission data during the operation and maintenance phase, a real-time data synchronization mechanism is constructed using real-time sensors and IoT technology. This enables the system to promptly acquire data on the operating status, energy consumption, and efficiency of equipment such as lighting, HVAC, gas, and electrical systems, ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the data. In spatiotemporal fusion data management, technologies such as GIS and oblique photography are used to monitor the progress of building construction and renovation. Combined with BIM models and progress monitoring results, information related to carbon emissions, including building structure, materials, and equipment, is automatically extracted and dynamically updated, ensuring that the CIM model remains consistent with the actual building status. This intelligent spatiotemporal fusion data management system, through the synergistic effect of multiple technologies, achieves real-time monitoring of carbon emission data throughout the entire building process and efficient management of spatiotemporal fusion data, providing strong support for more accurate carbon emission analysis, trend prediction, and management decisions.

[0059] Step 4: Based on spatiotemporal fusion data, construct a carbon emission database covering all stages of the urban building life cycle, including building material production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition, and combine it with a carbon emission element information model to achieve dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions.

[0060] Specifically, a database of urban building carbon emissions will be established based on the aggregated data. This database will include carbon emission data from all stages of building material production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation, and demolition, forming a comprehensive and detailed carbon emission database. A robust carbon emission database allows for in-depth analysis of the carbon emission contribution at each stage. For example, during the operation and maintenance phase, monitoring the operating status, energy consumption, and efficiency data of equipment such as lighting, HVAC, gas, and electrical systems can accurately quantify carbon emissions for each floor, building, and area. This refined analysis helps identify the main sources of carbon emissions and provides targeted management recommendations.

[0061] Furthermore, visualization technology based on CIM models can intuitively present complex carbon emission data in the form of charts, 3D models, etc. Visualized displays not only facilitate management for decision-makers but also enhance the effectiveness of data communication. The monitoring system can analyze historical carbon emission data to set reasonable thresholds for measuring the standard carbon emission levels of urban buildings. Once the real-time monitored carbon emission data exceeds the set threshold, the monitoring system will automatically trigger an alarm mechanism, sending alert information to relevant decision-makers, managers, and system operators, helping to take swift action to prevent excessive carbon emissions. Simultaneously, the monitoring system can combine historical carbon emission data and trends, using artificial intelligence algorithms to predict future carbon emissions, helping to formulate more precise carbon reduction strategies and take proactive measures. Governments, businesses, and the public can more intuitively understand the carbon emission situation of urban buildings through graphical displays, encouraging greater participation in carbon emission management and reduction efforts, and providing strong support for carbon reduction.

[0062] Compared with existing technologies, this invention utilizes BIM technology to model various stages of building construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation, and combines this with real-time data collected by IoT sensors to achieve comprehensive monitoring of carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of urban buildings. Simultaneously, by dynamically updating the model using CIM technology, it achieves an organic integration of spatial and building information, which helps to more comprehensively understand the spatiotemporal trends of urban building carbon emissions and makes carbon emission data management more convenient.

[0063] It should be noted that any parts not disclosed or specifically described in this invention are existing technology or conventional configurations, and their specific structures and working principles will not be elaborated further. In this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Other modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM, characterized in that, include: Construct a CIM model for urban buildings, wherein the CIM model includes a building information model, a spatial information model, and a carbon emission factor information model; The entire life cycle of urban buildings is divided into four stages: construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition. The total carbon emissions of each single building are calculated based on the carbon emission characteristics of each stage. The total carbon emissions are the sum of the carbon emissions of each stage. The system acquires multi-source heterogeneous data for each stage of a single building and unifies the data format and standards. Then, it integrates the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon emission data based on the CIM model. It monitors the construction and renovation progress of buildings through GIS and oblique photography methods. The carbon emission element information model is updated in real time according to the carbon emission amounts in the three stages of construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation. The multi-source heterogeneous data includes static building information, real-time dynamic energy consumption data from the Internet of Things, and spatial geographic information. Based on spatiotemporal fusion data, a carbon emission database covering the entire life cycle of urban buildings, including production, transportation, construction, operation and maintenance, renovation and demolition, is constructed. Combined with a carbon emission element information model, dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions is achieved.

2. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The building information model includes structural modeling of buildings and vector data generation modeling; The vector data generation and modeling method involves determining the building reference elevation based on GIS terrain data, constructing the vertical exterior wall and roof planes of the building based on the boundary coordinates and height parameters of the building area, digitizing the walls and roof through triangulation, and making the normal vector of the exterior wall face outward and the normal vector of the roof plane face upward, thereby realizing the modeling of the building's external outline.

3. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions is as follows: in For the first Total carbon emissions of a building This refers to carbon emissions during the construction phase. This refers to carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase. Carbon emissions during the renovation and upgrading phase. This represents the carbon emissions during the demolition phase.

4. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 3, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the construction phase The calculation method is as follows: Based on the bill of quantities exported from the BIM model, the carbon emissions of the three sub-stages—material production, material transportation, and machinery operation—are calculated and summed, i.e.: in: Carbon emissions from materials production , For the first The amount of each material used For the first Carbon emission factors in the production of this material; Carbon emissions from material transportation , For the first The average transportation distance of the materials For the first Carbon emission factors from the transportation of these materials; Carbon emissions from mechanical equipment operation , For the first The number of shifts for various types of machinery and equipment For the first Carbon emission factors per shift of various mechanical equipment.

5. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 3, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the operation and maintenance phase The calculation method is as follows: By collecting operational data from lighting, heating, cooling, gas, and electrical systems using IoT sensors deployed inside the building, carbon emissions are calculated separately for each system and then summed. Carbon emissions of all systems are uniformly calculated according to Calculation, where For the first The power of the equipment For the first The running time of the equipment For the first Carbon emission factors of the equipment.

6. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 5, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the renovation and upgrading phase The calculation method is as follows: A complete renovation process model was constructed using BIM modeling, and a renovation bill of quantities was exported. Combined with IoT monitoring of renovation energy consumption, the carbon emissions of the three sub-stages—new material production, new material transportation, and operation of renovated machinery and equipment—were calculated and summed. The calculation logic for carbon emissions in each sub-stage is consistent with that of the corresponding sub-stage in the construction stage, and the carbon emission factors are selected to be adapted to the characteristics of materials and equipment in the renovation and upgrading stage.

7. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 3, characterized in that, Carbon emissions during the demolition phase The calculation method is as follows: Based on the bill of quantities and material properties in the BIM model, calculate the carbon emissions from material removal, solid waste transportation, and the operation of demolition machinery, while deducting the carbon emission reductions from resource recycling. Among them, carbon emissions from material dismantling Carbon emissions from solid waste transportation Carbon emissions from dismantling mechanical equipment Resource recycling carbon emission reduction , For the first The amount of recyclable materials recovered. For the first The carbon emission factor of the recycled materials.

8. The method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatiotemporal fusion of the carbon emission data is as follows: By deeply binding the temporal and spatial characteristics of the data, the temporal dimension covers the time nodes of each stage of the building's entire life cycle and the real-time monitoring timestamps, while the spatial dimension matches the geographic coordinates of the GIS and the spatial partitions inside the building, thus achieving a one-to-one correspondence between carbon emission data and the building's spatiotemporal location.

9. A method for monitoring dynamic carbon emissions from urban buildings based on CIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission data in the full life cycle carbon emission database is layered according to four dimensions: urban area, building unit, building floor, and equipment. At the same time, it is associated with the building attributes, equipment parameters, and operating status information corresponding to each dimension.

10. A CIM-based urban building dynamic carbon emission monitoring system, implementing the CIM-based urban building dynamic carbon emission monitoring method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: CIM Model Building Module: Used to build a CIM model that integrates building, space, and carbon emission information, enabling dynamic and synchronous updates between the model and the building entity's status, and providing a core digital carrier for the spatiotemporal binding and monitoring of carbon emissions; Spatiotemporal fusion data management module: used to standardize and preprocess multi-source heterogeneous data and deeply bind spatiotemporal features, build a real-time data synchronization mechanism for operation and maintenance, link progress monitoring to realize dynamic model updates, and explore the spatiotemporal variation patterns of carbon emissions; Carbon emission dynamic monitoring and analysis module: used to quantitatively calculate carbon emissions at each stage of the building's entire life cycle, construct a four-level hierarchical carbon emission database, realize dynamic monitoring of carbon emissions, refined analysis, trend prediction and anomaly early warning, and output monitoring and analysis results in multiple formats.

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