Power system and management method

Abstract

A power system and a method of management are disclosed. A power system includes a battery system and a power distribution network, the battery system including a plurality of battery modules. The battery system also includes, for each battery module of the battery system, a respective module interface device having a switching circuit operable to connect and disconnect the battery module with respect to the power distribution network independently of other battery modules of the battery system. The power system further includes a control system operably coupled to each module interface device. The control system is configured to command the module interface devices of a first subset of battery modules to connect the first subset of battery modules to the power distribution network and to command the module interface devices of a second subset of battery modules to disconnect the battery modules of the second subset from the power distribution network.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The disclosed invention generally relates to the operation of a power system comprising multiple battery modules. Background Technology

[0002] Battery systems can incorporate multiple battery modules to provide overall battery functionality and performance in relation to electrical loads or power sources. Multi-module battery systems can present significant challenges in controlling, using, and determining the health and performance capabilities of individual battery modules. These challenges can be exacerbated in use case scenarios where the battery modules exhibit varying or unknown performance characteristics. For example, used batteries with unknown health and performance capabilities may cause failure or damage to the battery system and related equipment, or may lead to operational degradation of the battery system and the electrical loads or power sources connected to it. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one example, the power system includes a battery system and a distribution network for the battery system. The battery system includes multiple battery modules, and the distribution network includes cathode-side interfaces and anode-side interfaces. For each battery module in the battery system, the power system also includes a corresponding module interface device. This module interface device includes measurement circuitry and switching circuitry. The measurement circuitry is operable to measure one or more performance parameters of the battery module, and the switching circuitry is operable to connect and disconnect the battery module relative to the distribution network, independent of other battery modules in the battery system. The power system also includes a control system operatively coupled to each module interface device.

[0004] The control system is configured to obtain target values ​​for the performance parameters of the battery system. For each battery module of the battery system, the control system is configured to obtain module-specific measurement results of the performance parameters via the measurement circuitry of the module interface device of that battery module. The control system is configured to select a first subset of battery modules of the battery system to be connected to the power distribution network based on the target values ​​of the performance parameters and the module-specific measurement results of the performance parameters obtained for each battery module of at least a first subset of the battery modules.

[0005] The control system is configured to, for each battery module in the first subset, command the module interface device of that battery module to connect the battery module to the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device. The control system is also configured to, for each battery module in the second subset of battery modules not included in the first subset, command the module interface device of that battery module to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system.

[0007] Figure 2 It is a description Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an additional aspect of a power system.

[0008] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram depicting an additional aspect of an exemplary module interface device for an exemplary battery module.

[0009] Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C and Figure 4D This is a flowchart describing an exemplary method for managing an electric power system.

[0010] Figure 5 It is a depiction that can form Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary computing system as part of a control system. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The increasing use of battery-powered electric vehicles and other battery-powered devices may lead to an increased supply of used batteries that can be reused before final recycling or disposal. Battery reuse offers the potential to extend battery life and delay or even avoid the need for recycling or disposal of such batteries. A market for the secondary use of used batteries may exist, including, for example, as alternative energy storage systems for micro and large-scale power systems. Energy harvesting systems that could benefit from battery reuse include wind, solar, hydro, wave, and tidal power.

[0012] Multi-module battery systems can present significant challenges in controlling, using, and determining the health and performance of individual battery modules. These challenges can be exacerbated in use cases where battery modules exhibit varying or unknown health and performance capabilities. For example, used batteries with unknown health and performance capabilities can lead to failure or damage to the battery system and related equipment, or can cause operational degradation of the battery system and the electrical loads or power sources connected to it.

[0013] This paper discloses a power system and a method for managing the operation of the power system, which offers the potential for successful reuse of end-of-life batteries. The power system is characterized by a module interface device operable to independently isolate individual battery modules within the battery system and independently measure the performance parameters of each individual battery module. Therefore, in the context of a multi-module battery system, battery modules with unknown and varying health conditions and performance capabilities can be measured and isolated, potentially enabling the successful reuse of end-of-life battery modules. The power system and the associated battery system management method allow operators to configure appropriate voltage and current handling for the battery device without physically disassembling the end-of-life batteries, potentially extending the utility of the battery system until the last battery module in the system fails.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram depicting an exemplary power system 100, which includes a battery system 110 and a battery management system 112 for managing the operation of the battery system. The power system 100 may include... Figure 1 The power supply 114 and electrical load 116 are schematically depicted or connected to (interface).

[0015] Battery system 110 includes Figure 1 Multiple battery packs are identified by reference numeral 118 in the attached drawing. See also... Figure 2 In further detail, each battery pack, identified by reference numeral 118, may include one or more battery modules. The battery packs of battery system 110 may be interconnected with each other via a power distribution network of power system 100, which includes various electrical paths, including a cathode-side electrical path 124 and an anode-side electrical path 126. Power distribution system 123 may include additional components for interconnecting the battery packs and their battery modules, as shown in reference numeral 118. Figure 2 Further detailed description.

[0016] The battery management system 112 includes a control system 120 operable to control the operation of the battery system 110 and other components of the battery management system, as described herein. For example, the battery management system 112 may store electrical energy 102 at the battery system 110, which is received from a power source 114 via one or more electrical paths 104. In this example, the power system 100 may include a power system interface 122 operable by the control system 120 to direct electrical energy 102 received from the power source 114 via electrical paths 104 to the battery system 110 for storage via a power distribution system 123. Figure 1In the example, the power system interface 122 is electrically coupled to the battery system 110 via the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126 of the power distribution network 123. The cathode-side electrical path 124 includes the cathode-side interface 125 of the power distribution network 123, and the anode-side electrical path 126 includes the anode-side interface 127 of the power distribution network.

[0017] As another example, the battery management system 112 can supply electrical energy 106 stored at the battery system 110 to the electrical load 114 via one or more electrical paths 108 through the power system interface 122. In this example, the power system interface 122 can be operated by the control system 120 to direct the electrical energy 106 supplied by the battery system 110 via electrical paths 124 and 126 of the power distribution system 123 to the electrical load 116 via electrical path 108.

[0018] exist Figure 1 In this example, the control system 120 includes a power system manager 130 and a group manager, identified by reference numeral 132, for each corresponding battery pack, identified by reference numeral 118. The power system manager 130 can control the operation of the power system interface 122 via one or more communication links 134, which may include wired and / or wireless communication links. Furthermore, the power system manager 130 can control the operation of the group managers, identified by reference numeral 132, via communication link 136, which may include one or more wired and / or wireless communication links.

[0019] The battery packs of the battery system 110 can be arranged in a series configuration and / or a parallel configuration. For example, the battery system 110 may include battery packs 118-1.1 to 118-1.N arranged in a first series configuration 140-1 between the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126, wherein the term "N" in the identifier "1.N" may refer to any suitable number of battery packs in the first series configuration 140-1. For example, the term "N" in the identifier "1.N" may refer to multiple battery packs in the first series configuration 140-1. For example, the first series configuration 140-1 may include two, three, four, five or more, ten or more, twenty or more, etc., battery packs. As another example, the first series configuration 140-1 may include... Figure 1 The term "118-1.1" refers to a single battery pack.

[0020] Furthermore, in this example, the battery system 110 may include battery packs 118-2.1 to 118-2.N arranged in a second series configuration 140-2 between the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126, wherein the term "N" in the identifier "2.N" may refer to any suitable number of battery packs in the second series configuration 140-2. For example, the term "N" in the identifier "2.N" may refer to multiple battery packs in the second series configuration 140-2. For example, the second series configuration 140-2 may include two, three, four, five or more, ten or more, twenty or more, etc., battery packs. As another example, the second series configuration 140-2 may include... Figure 1 The term "battery pack" is represented as a single battery pack in battery pack 118-2.1. It should be understood that the number of battery packs in the second series configuration 140-2 may be the same as or different from the number of battery packs in the first series configuration 140-1. For example, the second series configuration 140-2 may include more or fewer battery packs compared to the first series configuration 140-1.

[0021] Furthermore, in this example, the battery system 110 may include battery packs 118-M.1 to 118-MN arranged in a series configuration 140-M between the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126, wherein the term "N" of the identifier "MN" may refer to any suitable number of battery packs in the series configuration 140-M. For example, the term "N" of the identifier "MN" may refer to multiple battery packs in the series configuration 140-M. For example, the series configuration 140-M may include two, three, four, five or more, ten or more, twenty or more, etc., battery packs. As another example, the series configuration 140-M may include... Figure 1 The term refers to a single battery pack, denoted as battery pack 118-M.1. Again, it is understood that the number of battery packs in the Mth series configuration 140-M may be the same as or different from the number of battery packs in the first series configuration 140-1 and the second series configuration 140-2.

[0022] Furthermore, in this example, the first series configuration 140-1 of battery packs 118-1.1 to 118-1.N, the second series configuration 140-2 of battery packs 118-2.1 to 118-2.N, and the Mth series configuration 140-M of battery packs 118-M.1 to 118-MN are arranged in parallel configuration 142 between the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126, wherein the term "M" of the identifier "MN" can refer to any suitable number of series configurations of the battery packs arranged in parallel configuration 140-M.

[0023] In some examples, the battery system 110 may include a single series configuration of one or more battery packs. Figure 1 The first series configuration 140-1 is identified in the diagram. In this example, the second series configuration 140-2 and the Mth series configuration 140-M can be omitted. Furthermore, in this example, the parallel configuration 142 does not exist because the battery system 110 includes a single series configuration of the battery pack (e.g., 140-1).

[0024] Each battery pack in the battery system 110 can be associated with a corresponding group manager, cathode-side interface device 150, and anode-side interface 152. For example, battery pack 118-1.1 is associated with group manager 132-1.1, cathode-side interface device 150, and anode-side interface 152. In general, each battery pack and its associated group manager, cathode-side interface device 150, and anode-side interface 152 form a modular unit 144. Figure 1 Example of a modular unit 144 depicted for battery pack 118-1.1.

[0025] The operation of each battery pack in battery system 110 can be managed at least in part by the corresponding group manager of its modular unit 144. As an example, the operation of battery pack 118-1.1 can be managed at least in part by group manager 132-1.1. Each group manager can communicate with and selectively exchange electrical energy with its corresponding battery pack via one or more electrical links 154, which may include one or more communication links and one or more electrical paths, as referenced herein. Figure 2 Further detailed description. As another example, the operation of battery pack 118-1.N can be managed at least partially by group manager 132-1.N, the operation of battery pack 118-2.1 can be managed at least partially by group manager 132-2.1, the operation of battery pack 118-1.N can be managed at least partially by group manager 132-1.N, the operation of battery pack 118-M.1 can be managed at least partially by group manager 132-M.1, and the operation of battery pack 118-MN can be managed at least partially by group manager 132-MN.

[0026] Power system manager 130 can be accessed via Figure 1 One or more electrical links, identified by reference numeral 136 in the accompanying drawings, are operatively coupled to each group manager to coordinate the operation of the battery packs of the battery system 110. These electrical links may include one or more communication links and one or more electrical paths, as referenced herein. Figure 2Further detailed description. As an example, the power system manager 130 is operably coupled to the group manager 132-1.1 via electrical link 136-1.1, operably coupled to the group manager 132-1.N via electrical link 136-1.N, operably coupled to the group manager 132-2.1 via electrical link 136-2.1, operably coupled to the group manager 132-2.N via electrical link 136-2.N, operably coupled to the group manager 132-M.1 via electrical link 136-M.1, and operably coupled to the group manager 132-MN via electrical link 136-MN.

[0027] Furthermore, each group manager can manage the operation of its associated cathode-side interface device 150 and anode-side interface 152 of its modular unit 144. For example, each group manager can communicate with its corresponding cathode-side interface device 150 via one or more communication links 156 and with its corresponding anode-side interface 152 via one or more communication links 158. Communication links 156 and 158 may each include wired and / or wireless communication links.

[0028] In each series configuration of the battery pack (e.g., 140-1 to 140-M), the first battery pack of the series configuration is electrically coupled to the cathode-side electrical path 124 via the cathode-side interface device 150 of its modular unit 144, and the last battery pack of the series configuration is electrically coupled to the anode-side interface path 126 via the anode-side interface 152 of its modular unit 144. In each series configuration of the battery pack comprising multiple battery packs (e.g., 140-1 to 140-M), each pair of adjacent battery packs is electrically coupled to each other via the anode-side interface 152 and the cathode-side interface device 154, as referenced. Figure 2 Further detailed description.

[0029] Figure 2 It is a more detailed description Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an example portion 200 of an electrical system 100. Portion 200 includes... Figure 1 An example of the first series configuration 140-1 includes two battery packs—battery pack 118-1.1 and battery pack 118-1.2. In this example, battery pack 118-1.2 is... Figure 1 Example of battery pack 118-1.N, where the term "N" refers to the second battery pack in series configuration 140-1.

[0030] Battery pack 118-1.1 includes multiple battery modules, which in this example include battery modules 210-1.1, 210-1.2, 210-1.3 to 210-1.N, wherein the term "N" in the identifier "1.N" can refer to any suitable number of battery modules in battery pack 118-1.1. Battery pack 118-1.2 includes multiple battery modules, which in this example include battery modules 210-2.1, 210-2.2, 210-2.3 to 210-2.N, wherein the term "N" in the identifier "2.N" can refer to any suitable number of battery modules in battery pack 118-2.1. Battery pack 118-2.1 may have the same or different number of battery modules as battery pack 118-1.1. For a given battery module voltage or a set of battery module voltages, the total number of battery modules in the series configuration of the battery pack (such as series configuration 140-1) can be selected to achieve the desired effect. Figure 1 The target voltage or at least the target voltage is provided between the cathode-side electrical path 124 and the anode-side electrical path 126 of the power distribution network 123.

[0031] For each battery module in the battery system, the corresponding module interface device, identified by reference numeral 212, is electrically coupled to the cathode and anode terminals of that battery module, as shown in the reference. Figure 3 Further detailed description. The module interface device described herein forms... Figure 1 This is part of the battery management system 112. For example, with respect to battery pack 118-1.1, module interface device 212-1.1 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-1.1, module interface device 212-1.2 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-1.2, module interface device 212-1.3 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-1.3, and module interface device 212-1.N is electrically coupled to battery module 210-1.N. Similarly, with respect to battery pack 118-1.2, module interface device 212-2.1 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-2.1, module interface device 212-2.2 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-2.2, module interface device 212-2.3 is electrically coupled to battery module 210-2.3, and module interface device 212-2.N is electrically coupled to battery module 210-2.N.

[0032] Each battery pack's module interface devices can be electrically coupled in series with each other via inter-module interconnect 214, as shown in the reference. Figure 3Further detailed description: The first module interface device on the cathode side of each battery pack is electrically coupled to the cathode side interface device 150 via cathode side interconnect 216, and the last module interface device on the anode side of each battery pack is electrically coupled to the anode side interface device 152 via anode side interconnect 218. The cathode side interface device 150 of the first battery pack (e.g., 118-1.1) in the series configuration 140-1 is electrically coupled to the cathode side electrical path 124 via cathode side interconnect 220, and the last battery pack (e.g., 118-1.2) in the series configuration 140-1 is electrically coupled to the anode side electrical path 126 via anode side interconnect 222. Between the two battery packs in the series configuration 140-1, the anode side interface device 152 of the first battery pack (e.g., 118-1.1) is electrically coupled to the cathode side interface device 150 of the second battery pack (e.g., 118-1.2) via inter-pack interconnect 224.

[0033] Each group manager via Figure 2 A set of one or more electrical connections, identified by reference numeral 230, are operatively coupled to a module interface device of its corresponding battery pack. As described further in detail herein, each module interface device may include switching circuitry and measurement circuitry, which can be operated by a group manager of the module interface device via a set of electrical connections 230. Each group manager can command the switching circuitry of its battery pack's module interface device to switch the battery modules of the module interface device relative to the module interface device via the set of electrical connections 230. Figure 1 The power distribution network 123 can be connected or disconnected. Furthermore, each group manager can command the measurement circuitry of its battery group's module interface device to measure one or more performance parameters of the battery module via a set of electrical connections 230 to the module interface device.

[0034] For example, in Figure 2 In the middle, the group manager 132-1.1 is operably coupled to the module interface device 212-1.1 through a set of electrical connections 230-1.1, to the module interface device 212-1.2 through a set of electrical connections 230-1.2, to the module interface device 212-1.3 through a set of electrical connections 230-1.3, and to the module interface device 212-1.N through a set of electrical connections 230-1.N. Similarly, the group manager 132-1.2 is operatively coupled to the module interface device 212-2.1 via a set of electrical connections 230-2.1, to the module interface device 212-2.2 via a set of electrical connections 230-2.2, to the module interface device 212-2.3 via a set of electrical connections 230-2.3, and to the module interface device 212-2.N via a set of electrical connections 230-2.N.

[0035] Furthermore, each group manager is operatively coupled to the cathode-side interface device 150 of its corresponding battery pack via a set of one or more electrical connections identified by reference numeral 232. For example, group manager 132-1.1 is operatively coupled to the cathode-side interface device 150 of battery pack 118-1.1 via a set of electrical connections 232-1.1, and group manager 132-1.2 is operatively coupled to the cathode-side interface device 150 of battery pack 118-1.2 via a set of electrical connections 232-1.2. The cathode-side interface device 150 may include a switch operable to relative to the battery pack. Figure 1 The power distribution network 123 is connected and disconnected. For example, each group manager can command its corresponding battery group's cathode-side interface device 150 to connect or disconnect the battery group relative to one of the cathode-side interconnects 220 or inter-group interconnects 224 and the cathode-side interconnect 216 via a set of electrical connections 232.

[0036] Furthermore, each group manager is operatively coupled to the anode-side interface device 152 of its corresponding battery pack via a set of one or more electrical connections identified by reference numeral 234. For example, group manager 132-1.1 is operatively coupled to the anode-side interface device 152 of battery pack 118-1.1 via a set of electrical connections 234-1.1, and group manager 132-1.2 is operatively coupled to the anode-side interface device 152 of battery pack 118-1.2 via a set of electrical connections 234-1.2. The anode-side interface device 152 may include a switch operable to relative to the battery pack. Figure 1 The power distribution network 123 is connected and disconnected. For example, each group manager can command its corresponding battery group's anode-side interface device 152 to connect or disconnect the battery group relative to one of the anode-side interconnects 222 or inter-group interconnects 224 and the anode-side interconnect 218 via a set of electrical connections 234.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a description Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the module interface device and additional aspects of the battery module is shown, as described with reference to the module interface device 212-1.1 electrically coupled to the battery module 210-1.1.

[0038] like Figure 3 The battery module 210-1.1 is schematically depicted in reference, each battery module including a group of one or more battery cells 302, wherein an example battery cell 304 is in... Figure 3 The diagram is schematic. Each battery module includes a cathode terminal 310 and an anode terminal 312.

[0039] Each module interface device includes a battery-side cathode interface 320 and a battery-side anode interface 322, such as Figure 3 The module interface device is schematically depicted in reference Module 212-1.1. The module interface device is electrically coupled to the cathode terminal 310 of the battery module via a battery-side cathode interface 320. The module interface device is electrically coupled to the anode terminal 312 of the battery module via a battery-side anode interface 322.

[0040] Each module interface device also includes a system-side cathode interface 330 and a system-side anode interface 332. The system-side cathode interface 330 is electrically coupled to the module-side cathode terminal 320, for example, via the module interface device's cathode bus 334. The system-side cathode interface 330 of the module interface device is electrically coupled to the inter-module interconnect 214 or the cathode-side interconnect 216, as previously referred to. Figure 2 The system-side anode interface 332 is electrically coupled to the module-side anode terminal 322, for example, via the anode bus 336 of the module interface device. The system-side anode interface 332 of the module interface device is electrically coupled to the inter-module interconnect 214 or the anode-side interconnect 218, as previously referenced. Figure 2 As stated above.

[0041] Each module interface device also includes a measurement circuit 340 and a switching circuit 350. The measurement circuit 340 can be... Figure 1 The control system 120 operates to independently obtain module-specific measurements of performance parameters of the battery module to which the module interface device is electrically coupled. For example, measurement circuitry 340 is electrically coupled between cathode bus 334 and anode bus 336, enabling measurement circuitry to measure performance parameters of the battery module between cathode terminal 310 and anode terminal 312. In some examples, measurement circuitry 340 may include one or more electrical components (e.g., resistors) exhibiting resistance across which battery module performance parameters can be measured. Examples of module-specific performance parameters that can be measured by measurement circuitry 340 relative to the battery module include stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. For example, a group manager (e.g., Figure 2 The battery module (212-1.1) is operatively coupled to the module interface device 212-1.1 via one or more electrical connections 342 in a set of electrical connections 230-1.1. Through these connections, the group manager can command the measurement circuitry 340 of the module interface device to obtain module-specific measurement results of performance parameters. The performance parameters of the battery module measured by the measurement circuitry 340 can be obtained by the group manager via one or more electrical connections 342. This measurement can be obtained by the power system manager 130 of the control system 120 via a communication link 136. Alternatively or additionally, the communication link 136 in this example can take the form of an electrical path, enabling the power system manager 130 to measure or obtain measurement results of the battery module's performance parameters.

[0042] The switching circuit 350 can be derived from Figure 1 The control system 120 operates to independently connect the battery module with... Figure 1 The power distribution network 123 is connected and disconnected. For example, the group manager (e.g., Figure 2 212-1.1) is operatively coupled to the module interface device 212-1.1 via one or more electrical connections 352 in a set of electrical connections 230-1.1. The group manager can command the switching circuit 350 of the module interface device to connect or disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via the one or more electrical connections 352. For example, the switching circuit 350 is positioned along the cathode bus 334 between the module-side cathode terminal 310 and the system-side cathode terminal 330. The switching circuit 350 can open and close the switch of the cathode bus to connect and disconnect the module-side cathode terminal relative to the system-side cathode terminal. Additionally or alternatively, the switching circuit 350 is positioned along the anode bus 336 between the module-side anode terminal 312 and the system-side anode terminal 332, and the switching circuit 350 can open and close the switch of the anode bus to connect and disconnect the module-side anode terminal relative to the system-side anode terminal.

[0043] exist Figure 3 The diagram schematically depicts the operation of switch circuit 350 to connect battery module 210-1.1 with... Figure 1 When the power distribution network 123 is disconnected, an exemplary electrical path configuration 390 for module interface device 212-1.1 is shown, and an exemplary electrical path configuration 392 for module interface device 212-1.1 is also schematically depicted when switch circuit 350 is operated to connect battery module 210-1.1 to power distribution network 123. When battery module 210-1.1 is disconnected from power distribution network 123, electrical path configuration 390 may include or utilize an electrical path 394 between system-side cathode interface 330 and system-side anode interface 332, which bypasses battery module 210-1.1. As schematically depicted with respect to electrical path configuration 390, electrical path 394 allows other battery modules in the battery pack containing battery module 210-1.1 to be electrically connected to each other across module interface device 212-1.1 and to power distribution network 123, while battery module 210-1.1 is disconnected from power distribution network 124 and other battery modules in the battery pack. When the battery module 210-1.1 is connected to the power distribution network 123, the electrical path configuration 392 may include or utilize a cathode bus 334 that electrically connects the system-side cathode interface 330 to the cathode terminal 310, and an anode bus 336 that electrically connects the system-side anode interface 332 to the anode terminal 312.

[0044] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C It describes the management of power systems (such as...) Figure 1A flowchart of an example method 400 for the operation of a power system 100. For example, method 400 and various operations of that method can be derived from... Figure 1 The control system 120 or a computing system of one or more computing devices forming part of the control system 120 executes, as referenced Figure 5 Further detailed description.

[0045] refer to Figure 4A At position 402, the method may include establishing power system profile data for the power system. (See reference...) Figure 5 In further detail, the power system profile data established at location 402 can be stored on a data storage machine, which can be provided by... Figure 1 Access to the control system 120. As part of establishing power system profile data at 402, the method may include performing... Figure 4A Operations 404 to 434.

[0046] At 404, the method may include identifying the power system (including battery systems, e.g., Figure 1 110) and its components, battery management system (e.g. Figure 1 112) and its components and power distribution systems (such as Figure 1 The system configuration of the battery pack (123) and its components. For example, the series configuration of the battery pack (e.g., 140-1 to 140-M), the parallel configuration of the battery pack (e.g., 142), the electrical interconnection between the battery pack and the battery module, the cathode-side electrical path 124, the cathode-side interface 125, the anode-side electrical path 126, and the anode-side interface 127 can be identified.

[0047] In some examples, the system configuration identified at 404 may include a data representation of the node network of the power system, where nodes represent components including battery packs, battery modules, and interfaces 125, 127, 150, and 152; and the electrical paths of the distribution network 123 are represented by interconnections between or among the nodes. Furthermore, the system configuration identified at 404 may include a data representation of a node network of logical components, where nodes represent components of the battery management system 112, including module interface devices, battery pack manager 132, interfaces 150 and 152, power system interface 122, and power system manager 130. The system configuration identified at 404 may be stored as part of the power system profile data forming the power system.

[0048] In some examples, the system configuration can be identified at 404 based on user input received via an operator interface. For example, a human operator of the power system can define aspects of the system configuration identified at 404. Additionally or alternatively, the control system 120 can be configured to programmatically identify aspects of the system configuration, such as through network tracing of the distribution network 123 and / or the logical network through which logical components of the power system manager, including module interface devices, group managers, and battery management systems, are operatively connected.

[0049] At 406, the method may include identifying each battery pack of the battery system. For example, each battery pack of the power system may be identified within the system configuration identified at 404. In some examples, user input received via an operator interface may be used to identify each battery pack within the system configuration of the power system. For example, a human operator of the power system may provide user input via an operator interface, which defines aspects of each battery pack.

[0050] At 408, the method may include establishing a battery pack identifier for each battery pack of the battery system identified at 406. Each battery pack identified at 406 and each battery pack identifier established at 408 may be stored as data forming part of the power system profile data. For example, each battery pack identifier may be associated with a node representing that battery pack in the system configuration. For example, a human operator of the power system may provide user input via an operator interface, which associates the corresponding battery pack identifier with each battery pack of the power system.

[0051] At 410, the method may include identifying a group manager for each battery pack in the battery system. For example, a corresponding group manager may be identified for each battery pack identified at 406. In some examples, user input received via an operator interface may be used to identify the group manager for each battery pack. For example, a human operator of the power system may provide user input via an operator interface that links each battery pack to its corresponding group manager.

[0052] At 412, the method may include establishing a group manager identifier for each group manager identified at 410. Each group manager identified at 410 and each group manager identifier established at 412 may be stored as data forming part of the power system profile data of the power system. For example, each group manager identifier may be associated with a node representing that group manager in the system configuration. For example, a human operator of the power system may provide user input via an operator interface, which associates the corresponding group manager identifier with each group manager of the power system.

[0053] At 414, the method may include associating each group manager identifier of a group manager with a corresponding battery pack identifier for the battery packs managed by that group manager. For example, each group manager identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery pack identifier in power system profile data. In some examples, the group manager identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery pack identifier based on user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface.

[0054] At 416, the method may include establishing battery pack profile data for each battery pack identified at 406. As part of establishing the battery pack profile data at 416, the method may include performing... Figure 4A Operations 418 to 434.

[0055] At 418, the method may include a battery pack configuration identifying each battery group in the battery system. For example, each battery pack configuration may include one or more battery modules. The battery pack configuration may indicate the number of battery modules in the battery pack and the corresponding order of the battery modules within the battery pack between the cathode-side and anode-side interfaces of that battery pack. The battery pack configuration identified at 418 may be stored as data within battery pack profile data established at 416, which forms part of the power system profile data established at 402. In some examples, at 418, user input from a human operator of the power system may be provided via an operator interface to identify each battery pack configuration.

[0056] At 420, the method may include identifying each battery module of the battery pack for each battery group in the battery system. At 422, the method may include establishing a battery module identifier for each battery module of the battery system. The battery module identifier may be associated with a node representing the battery module within the battery pack configuration identified at 418 and / or the system configuration identified at 404.

[0057] At 424, the method may include associating each battery module identifier of a battery module with a corresponding battery pack identifier of the battery pack to which the battery module belongs. For example, each battery manager identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery pack identifier in battery pack profile data. In some examples, the battery module identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery pack identifier based on user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface.

[0058] At 426, the method may include identifying a corresponding module interface device for each battery module. In some examples, the module interface device may be identified at 426 based on user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface. At 428, the method may include establishing a module interface device identifier for each module interface device of the power system. The module interface device identifier may be associated with a node representing the module interface device within the battery pack configuration identified at 418 and / or the system configuration identified at 404.

[0059] At 430, the method may include associating each module interface device identifier with a corresponding battery module identifier of a battery module to which the module interface device is operatively coupled. For example, each module interface device identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery module identifier in battery pack profile data. In some examples, the module interface device identifier may be associated with a corresponding battery module identifier based on user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface.

[0060] At 432, the method may include obtaining the battery module performance specifications for each battery module of the battery system. The battery module performance specifications may identify the battery chemistry category and / or the values ​​of performance parameters of the battery module. Examples of battery chemistry categories include lithium-ion, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium titanate, lead-acid, lead-acid (sealed), lead-acid (flooded), lead-acid (absorbent glass fiber), lead-acid (gel / silica), etc. The values ​​of performance parameters that may form part of the battery module performance specifications are in the form of battery module ratings or specified values ​​provided by the battery module manufacturer. Examples of performance parameters that may form part of the battery module performance specifications include: energy storage capacity ratings, voltage ratings, current ratings, power ratings, etc. It should be understood that additional or alternative forms of performance specifications for the battery module may be obtained at 446. In some examples, the battery module performance specifications obtained at 432 may be received as user input from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface. The battery module performance specifications obtained at 432 may be stored as data forming part of the battery pack profile data 416.

[0061] At 434, the method may include associating the battery module performance specification of each battery module with the battery module identifier of that battery module. For example, each battery module performance specification may be associated with a corresponding battery module identifier in battery pack profile data. In some examples, the battery module performance specification may be associated with a corresponding battery module identifier based on user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface.

[0062] refer to Figure 4B ,exist Figure 4A After establishing power system profile data at point 402, the method at point 436 may include measuring one or more performance parameters of the battery system. Performance parameters may be measured at the individual battery module level as module-specific measurements, at the individual group level as group-specific measurements, and at the system-wide level as system-wide measurements. Examples of performance parameters that may be measured at point 436 include stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. Measuring battery system performance parameters at point 436 may include... Figure 4B Operations 438 to 448.

[0063] At 438, the method may include, for each battery module of the battery system, obtaining module-specific measurement results for each performance parameter via measurement circuitry of a module interface device of that battery module. As previously described, examples of measurable performance parameters include the energy stored in the battery module, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. The module-specific measurement results for each performance parameter of each battery module obtained at 438 may be stored as performance data in a storage machine accessible to the control system 120, associated with the battery module's battery module identifier and a timestamp indicating the time in which the measurement was performed.

[0064] In some examples, as part of obtaining module-specific measurement results at 438, the method at 440 may include, for each module-specific measurement result, commanding the switching circuits of the battery modules in the battery system according to the measurement procedure. In a first example, the switching circuit of the battery module under test may be commanded to connect the battery module to a test load of the power distribution network during the measurement, while other battery modules are disconnected from the power distribution network via their corresponding switching circuits. In a second example, the switching circuit of the battery module under test may be commanded to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network during the measurement, for example, in a configuration where the measurement circuit is incorporated into the test load.

[0065] At 442, the method may include, for each battery pack, obtaining a group-specific measurement of each performance parameter. As previously described, examples of measurable performance parameters include the energy stored in the battery pack, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. The group-specific measurement of each performance parameter obtained at 442 for each battery pack may be stored as performance data in a storage device accessible to the control system 120, which is associated with the battery pack identifier of that battery pack.

[0066] In some examples, as part of obtaining group-specific measurements at 442, the method at 444 may include, for each performance parameter, combining the module-specific measurements of that performance parameter obtained at 438 for the battery modules of that battery pack, based on the battery pack configuration identified at 418, to obtain group-specific measurements of that performance parameter. For example, in a series configuration of two or more battery modules of a battery pack, the voltage of the battery pack is equal to the sum of the voltages of the individual battery modules. However, since combining battery modules with different voltages and / or capabilities may cause problems or damage the battery system in some configurations, the group-specific measurements obtained at 442 can be based on module-specific measurements without simultaneously connecting the battery modules of the battery pack to the power distribution network.

[0067] At 446, the method may include obtaining system-wide measurements of each performance parameter of the battery system. As previously described, examples of measurable performance parameters include the energy stored by the battery system, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. The system-wide measurements of each performance parameter obtained at 446 for the battery system may be stored as performance data in a storage device accessible to the control system 120.

[0068] In some examples, as part of obtaining a system-wide measurement at 446, the method at 448 may include, for each performance parameter, combining the group-specific measurements of that performance parameter obtained at 442 for the battery packs of the battery system, depending on the configuration of the battery system, to obtain a system-wide measurement of that performance parameter. For example, in a series configuration of two or more battery packs, the voltage of the battery system is equal to the sum of the voltages of the individual battery packs. However, since combining battery packs with different voltages and / or capabilities can cause problems or damage to the battery system in some configurations, the system-wide measurement obtained at 446 can be based on module-specific measurements and corresponding group-specific measurements without simultaneously connecting the battery packs to the power distribution network.

[0069] The processing flow of method 400 can be obtained from Figure 4B Operation 436 continues to Figure 4C Operation 456. Furthermore, the processing flow of method 400 can be derived from... Figure 4B Operation 436 and Figure 4A Operation 402 continues to operation 450.

[0070] At 450, the method may include identifying modifications to the battery system. Examples of battery system modifications may include adding one or more battery modules to the battery system, replacing one or more battery modules in the battery system, removing one or more battery modules from the battery system, and / or reconfiguring one or more battery modules in the battery system relative to the distribution network. In some examples, modifications to the battery system may be identified at 450 based on user input received at the power system's human operator via an operator interface. For example, the user input may indicate that one or more battery modules and / or one or more battery packs have been added, removed, replaced, or reconfigured within the battery system.

[0071] At 452, the method may include returning in response to identifying a modification to the battery system at 450. Figure 4A Operation 402 was triggered to update the power system profile data. This was achieved by returning to... Figure 4A Operation 402 can establish power system profile data for modifications identified at least at operation 450, including performing some or all of operations 404 to 434.

[0072] At 454, the method may include returning in response to identifying a modification to the battery system at 450. Figure 4B Operation 436 is used to obtain updated measurement results for one or more performance parameters of the battery system. This is achieved by returning to... Figure 4B Operation 436 can obtain measurement results of performance parameters reflecting the modifications to the battery system, including performing some or all of operations 438 to 448.

[0073] refer to Figure 4C At 456, the method may include obtaining target values ​​for one or more performance parameters of the battery system. The target values ​​for the performance parameters may be system-wide for the battery system, group-specific for an individual battery pack, or module-specific for an individual battery module. As part of obtaining the target values ​​at 456, the method may include operations 458 through 462.

[0074] At 458, the method may include, for each battery module, obtaining a module-specific target value for each performance parameter of that battery module. As previously described, examples of performance parameters include stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. For example, for some or all battery modules of a battery system, a module-specific target value for a specific voltage (e.g., 4V, 8V, 12V, 16V, 28V, 64V, etc.) may be obtained. In some examples, the module-specific target value for each performance parameter may be an operator-defined target value and may be obtained as user input received from a human operator via an operator interface. The module-specific target value for each performance parameter obtained for a battery module may be stored as data associated with a battery module identifier for that battery module.

[0075] At 460, the method may include, for each battery pack, obtaining a group-specific target value for each performance parameter of that battery pack. As previously described, examples of performance parameters include stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. For example, for some or all battery packs in a battery system, a group-specific target value for a specific voltage (e.g., 44V, 72V, 1500V, etc.) may be obtained. In some examples, the group-specific target value for each performance parameter may be an operator-defined target value and may be obtained as user input received from a human operator via an operator interface. The group-specific target value for each performance parameter obtained for a battery pack may be stored as data associated with a battery pack identifier for that battery pack.

[0076] At 462, the method may include obtaining a system-wide target value for each performance parameter of the battery system. As previously described, examples of performance parameters include stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power. The system-wide target value for each performance parameter may correspond to a value suitable for a specific power source (e.g., Figure 1 114) and / or electrical loads (e.g. Figure 1 The value of (116). For example, a system-range target value for voltage (e.g., 1500 volts) can be obtained. In some examples, the system-range target value for each performance parameter can be an operator-defined target value and can be obtained as user input received from a human operator via an operator interface. The group-specific target value for each performance parameter obtained for the battery pack can be stored as data associated with the battery pack identifier for that battery pack.

[0077] At 464, the method may include identifying each battery module of the battery system as available or unavailable. As part of operation 464, at 466, the method may include comparing a measured value of each performance parameter of the battery module with a module-specific target value for that performance parameter. For example, a battery module exhibiting a threshold range that meets the module-specific target for that performance parameter, or a measured value of the performance parameter within that threshold range, may be identified as available. In this example, a battery module that does not exhibit a threshold range that meets the module-specific target for that performance parameter, or a measured value of the performance parameter within that threshold range, may be identified as unavailable. It should be understood that the threshold range in the foregoing example may provide a measured value equal to or greater than the target value of some performance parameter (e.g., energy storage capacity, current, power). The battery modules identified as available or unavailable at 464 may be stored as data in a data storage machine, associated with corresponding battery module identifiers for those battery modules.

[0078] At 468, the method may include, for each battery pack in the battery system, identifying the battery pack as available or unavailable. As part of operation 468, at 470, the method may include comparing a measured value of each performance parameter of the battery pack with a group-specific target value for that performance parameter. For example, a battery pack exhibiting a threshold range that meets the group-specific target for that performance parameter, or a measured value of the performance parameter within that threshold range, may be identified as available. In this example, a battery pack that does not exhibit a threshold range that meets the group-specific target for that performance parameter, or a measured value of the performance parameter within that threshold range, may be identified as unavailable. It should be understood that the threshold range in the foregoing example may provide a measured value equal to or greater than the target value of some performance parameter (e.g., energy storage capacity, current, power). The battery packs identified as available or unavailable at 468 may be stored as data in a data storage machine, associated with corresponding group identifiers for those battery packs.

[0079] At 472, the method may include selecting a first subset of battery modules of the battery system for connection to the power distribution network of the power system. The first subset of battery modules selected at 472 may be stored within a data storage machine as data associated with corresponding battery module identifiers for these battery modules. In some examples, the first subset of battery modules may be selected at 472 in response to user input received from a human operator of the power system via an operator interface.

[0080] Furthermore, as shown in 474, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 can be based on target values ​​of performance parameters obtained at 456, including some or all of module-specific target values, group-specific target values, and system-wide target values. As shown in 476, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 can be based on... Figure 4B The measurement results of the performance parameters obtained at point 436. For example, the first subset of battery modules can be selected based on module-specific measurements of one or more performance parameters obtained for each battery module of at least a first subset of battery modules. In this example, battery modules can be selected to meet one or more module-specific target values, one or more group-specific target values, and / or one or more system-wide target values. As shown at 478, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 can be selected based on the power system configuration identified at 404 (including the battery pack configuration identified at 418 for each battery pack).

[0081] In some examples, a first subset of battery modules selected at 472 may be selected from battery modules identified as available at 464. For example, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 may not include any battery modules identified as unavailable at 464. Additionally or alternatively, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 may be selected from battery packs identified as available at 468. For example, the first subset of battery modules selected at 472 may not include any battery modules that form part of a battery pack identified as unavailable at 468.

[0082] As an illustrative example of operation 472, the power system includes a first series-connected battery module and / or battery pack in parallel configuration with a second series-connected battery module and / or battery pack. A first subset of the battery modules can be selected such that the voltage of the first series configuration is equal to the voltage of the second series configuration, and further, the battery system has system-wide target capabilities in terms of current, power, and energy storage capacity. The processing flow of method 400 can be derived from... Figure 4C Operation 472 continues Figure 4D Operation 480.

[0083] refer to Figure 4D At 480, the method may include operating the power system to achieve target values ​​for one or more performance parameters. As part of operation 480, the method may include performing some or all of operations 482 to 488.

[0084] At 482, the method may include, for each battery module in the first subset selected at 472, commanding the module interface device of that battery module to connect the battery module to the power distribution network via a switching circuit of the module interface device. For example... Figure 1 The power system manager 130 can instruct a group manager (e.g., one of the group managers in group manager 132) operatively coupled to the module interface device to command the module interface device to connect the battery module of the battery system 110 to the power distribution network 123 via a switching circuit.

[0085] At 484, the method may include, for each battery module in a second subset of battery modules not included in the first subset of battery systems, commanding the module interface device of that battery module to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via a switching circuit of the module interface device. For example... Figure 1 The power system manager 130 can instruct a group manager (e.g., one of the group managers in group manager 132) operatively coupled to the module interface device to command the module interface device to disconnect the battery modules of the battery system 110 from the power distribution network 123 via a switching circuit.

[0086] In examples where the power system includes switchable group interfaces (such as cathode-side group interface 150 and anode-side group interface 152), the method may include commanding the group interfaces to connect or disconnect the battery packs relative to the distribution network. For example, at 486, the method may include commanding the cathode-side and anode-side group interfaces of each battery pack, including battery modules of a first subset selected at 472, to connect the battery pack to the distribution network. For example, a power system manager may instruct the group manager of the battery packs to command the cathode-side and anode-side group interfaces to connect the battery packs to the distribution network. In some examples, at 488, the method may include commanding the cathode-side and anode-side group interfaces of each battery pack, excluding battery modules of the first subset, to disconnect the battery pack from the distribution network. However, in other examples, operation 488 is not performed, such as in cases where the series configuration of the battery packs relies on the cathode-side and anode-side group interfaces to connect one or more battery modules to the distribution network.

[0087] This method can be derived from Figure 4D Operation 480 continues Figure 4B Operation 450 is used to monitor modifications to the battery system and / or continue to... Figure 4C Operation 456 is used to monitor updates to target values ​​for one or more performance parameters.

[0088] In some examples, the methods and operations described herein can be performed on a computing system of one or more computing devices. Such methods and operations can be implemented as computer applications or services, application programming interfaces (APIs), libraries, and / or other computer program products.

[0089] Figure 5 It is a description Figure 1A schematic diagram of additional aspects of the control system 120. Figure 5 In the example, the control system 120 includes a computing system 500 of one or more computing devices 502, which can perform the methods and operations described herein, including Figures 4A to 4D Method 400. Calculation system 500 is an example of article 501.

[0090] The computing system 500 includes a logic machine 510, a storage machine 512, and an input / output (I / O) subsystem 514. The computing system 500 in... Figure 5 The diagram is shown in a simplified form. As an example, the computing system 500 or its computing device 502 may take the form of one or more personal computers, server computers, network computing devices, mobile computing devices, and / or other computing devices.

[0091] Logic machine 510 includes one or more physical logic devices configured to execute instructions, such as instructions 516 stored at storage machine 512. For example, logic machine 510 may execute instructions 516 as part of one or more applications, services, programs, routines, libraries, objects, components, data structures, or other logical constructs. Instructions 516 may be implemented by logic machine 510 to perform the methods and operations described herein, which may include performing one or more tasks, implementing data types, changing the state of one or more components, achieving one or more technical effects, or otherwise achieving one or more desired results.

[0092] Logic machine 510 may include one or more processors configured to execute software instructions. Additionally or alternatively, logic machine 510 may include one or more hardware or firmware logic machines configured to execute hardware or firmware instructions. The processor of logic machine 510 may be single-core or multi-core, and the instructions executed thereon may be configured for sequential, parallel, and / or distributed processing. Individual components of logic machine 510 may be distributed across two or more separate devices that may be remotely located and / or configured for coordinated processing. Various aspects of logic machine 510 may be virtualized and executed by remotely accessible networked computing devices configured in a cloud computing configuration.

[0093] Storage machine 512 includes one or more physical devices configured to store instructions 516 and data 518 executable by logic machine 510 to perform the methods and operations described herein. When these methods and operations are performed, the state of storage machine 512 may be changed, for example, by storing different data in data 518.

[0094] Storage machine 512 may include removable and / or built-in devices. Storage machine 512 may include optical storage, semiconductor memory (e.g., RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, etc.) and / or magnetic storage (e.g., hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, MRAM, etc.), as well as other forms of storage devices. Storage machine 512 may include volatile devices, non-volatile devices, dynamic devices, static devices, read / write devices, read-only devices, random access devices, sequential access devices, location-addressable devices, file-addressable devices, and / or content-addressable devices.

[0095] Various aspects of the logic machine 510 and the memory machine 512 can be integrated together into one or more hardware logic components. For example, such hardware logic components may include field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), program-specific and application-specific integrated circuits (PASICs / ASICs), program-specific and application-specific standard products (PSSPs / ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SOCs), and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs).

[0096] Figure 5 The instructions 516 are illustrated in more detail, including the operator interface program 520, the system manager program 522, and the group manager program 524. The term "program" can be used to describe an aspect of the computing system 500 implemented to perform a specific function. Such a program can be instantiated by executing the instructions 516 stored in the storage machine 512 via the logic machine 510. The programs described herein can encompass individual or grouped executable files, data files, libraries, drivers, scripts, database records, etc. Multiple instances of the programs described herein can be instantiated from the same portion of the instructions 516. For example, it can be... Figure 1 Each group manager instantiates multiple instances of the Group Manager program 524.

[0097] When executed by the logic machine 510, the operator interface program 520 can provide an operator interface 526 through which a human operator can control... Figure 1 The power system 100 includes a battery system 110 and a battery management system 112. In some examples, an operator interface 526 may be presented at a client computing device 528, which is operatively coupled to the computing system 500 via an I / O interface device 514. For example, the operator interface 526 may include a graphical user interface / interface presented at the client device 528 or take the form of such a graphical user interface. As another example, the operator interface 526 may be presented via one or more input and / or output devices of the I / O interface device 514, as described herein. User input from a human operator of the power system may be received via the operator interface 526, as previously referenced. Figures 4A to 4DThe method described in 400.

[0098] System manager program 522 can provide, when executed by logic machine 510 Figure 1 The power system manager 130. Therefore, it should be understood that the power system manager 130 may include hardware aspects of the computing system 500 (e.g., logic machine 510, storage machine 512, I / O subsystem 514) that execute the system manager program 522. Furthermore, in some examples, the operator interface program 520 may be part of the system manager program 522.

[0099] Group manager program 524 can provide, when executed by logic machine 510 Figure 1 The corresponding instance of group manager 132. Therefore, it can be understood that group managers 132-1.1 to 132-1.N, 132-2.1 to 132-1.N, 132-M.1 to 132-MN, etc., may include hardware aspects of computing system 500 (e.g., logic machine 510, storage machine 512, I / O subsystem 514) that execute group manager program 524 to instantiate multiple instances of the group manager program. In some examples, each group manager of battery management system 112 may be implemented as a corresponding computing device of computing system 500 executing a corresponding instance of group manager program 524. In these examples, power system manager 130 may be implemented as a computing device of computing system 500 executing system manager program 522, separate from the computing device executing group manager program 524. As another example, the program of instructions 516 may be executed by the same computing device of computing system 500 or by a group of two or more computing devices.

[0100] Figure 5 Data 518 is depicted more schematically in detail, including power system profile data 530, performance data 532, and performance parameters 534. While various examples of data 518 are described herein, it should be understood that data 518 may include… Figure 5 Other forms of data not described in the text.

[0101] Power system profile data 530 is available Figure 4A An example of power system profile data established at operation 402. Power system profile data 530 may include a power system identifier 540, which identifies power system 100 in an operating environment that may contain multiple power systems. Power system profile data 530 may include power system configuration data 542 associated with the power system identifier 540. Power system configuration data 542 may include power system configuration 544 and multiple battery pack profile datasets 546 corresponding to multiple battery packs of the battery system.

[0102] Power system configuration 544 is Figure 4A The example of the power system configuration identified at operation 404. Power system configuration 544 may include data representations of the physical, electrical, and logical configurations of power system 100, including the corresponding position of each component of power system 100 relative to other components in the physical, electrical, and logical contexts. For example, power system diagram 554 may identify the position of each battery pack within battery system 110, including the corresponding order of the battery packs in series configurations 140-1, 140-2, 140-M, and parallel configuration 142.

[0103] The battery pack profile dataset 546 may include a set of corresponding battery pack profile data 550 for each battery pack of the battery system 110. The battery pack profile data 550 can be... Figure 4A This is an example of battery pack profile data created at operation 416. Battery pack profile data 550 may include a battery pack identifier 552, which identifies a battery pack within battery system 110, which contains multiple battery packs. The battery pack identifier 552 is... Figure 4A An example of a battery pack identifier established at operation 408. Battery pack profile data 550 may include a group manager identifier 554, which identifies the group manager associated with the battery pack identified by battery pack identifier 552. Group manager identifier 554 is... Figure 4A The example of the group manager identifier created at operation 412. As previously... Figure 4A As described in operation 414, each group manager identifier can be associated with a corresponding battery group identifier. For example, in Figure 1 In the example, group manager 132-1.1 is associated with battery pack 118-1.1 within power system 100, and group manager 132-1.N is associated with battery pack 118-1.N within power system 100. The association established or recorded between each battery pack and each group manager through corresponding instances of battery pack profile data 550 and identifiers 552, 554 enables control system 120 to determine the group manager operable to control the operation of a particular battery pack.

[0104] Battery pack profile data 550 may include battery pack configuration data 556 for the battery pack identified by battery pack identifier 552. Battery pack configuration data 556 may include battery pack configuration 558 and multiple battery module profile datasets 560.

[0105] Battery pack configuration 558 may include a data representation of the physical, electrical, and logical configuration of the battery pack, identified by battery pack identifier 552, including the corresponding position of each battery module in the battery pack relative to the other battery modules in the battery pack within the physical, electrical, and logical context. For example, battery pack configuration 558 may identify the position of each battery module within the battery pack, identified by battery pack identifier 552, including the corresponding order of the battery modules within the battery pack. Battery pack configuration 558 is... Figure 4A Example of battery pack configuration identified at operation 418.

[0106] The battery module profile dataset 560 may include a corresponding instance of battery module profile data 562 for each battery module in the battery pack. The battery module profile data 562 may include a battery module identifier 564, which identifies a battery module within a battery pack identified by a battery pack identifier 552 that contains multiple battery modules. The battery module identifier 564 is... Figure 4A Example of a battery module identifier established at operation 422.

[0107] Module profile data 562 includes a module interface device identifier 566, which identifies a module interface device operatively coupled to the battery module identified by the battery module identifier 564. The module interface device identifier 566 is... Figure 4A An example of a module interface device identifier established at operation 428. The association between the module interface device identifier 566 within module profile data 562 and the battery module identifier 564 enables the control system 120 to determine which module interface device controls the operation of each battery module of the battery system 110. As previously... Figure 4A As described in operation 430, each module interface device identifier can be associated with a corresponding battery module identifier.

[0108] Module profile data 562 may include battery module performance specifications 568, which identify the corresponding values ​​of one or more performance parameters 534 of the battery module identified by the battery module identifier 564. Battery module performance specifications 568 are... Figure 4A Examples of battery module performance specifications obtained at operation 432. Examples of performance parameters 534 may include stored energy 570, energy storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other 580 performance parameters (e.g., age, charge cycles, discharge cycles, temperature, etc.). In the context of battery module performance specification 568, performance parameter 534 may represent specified performance parameters of the battery module, such as manufacturer ratings for the battery module.

[0109] Compared to the battery module performance specifications 568 that can be provided for each battery module of the battery system 110, the control system 120 can measure the actual performance of the battery system 110, which can be stored as performance data 532 in data 518. Figure 4B Examples of measurement results for performance parameters obtained at operation 436. It should be understood that the actual performance of the battery system 110 (including the actual performance of various battery packs and battery modules of the battery system) represented by performance data 532 may differ from the battery module performance specifications provided at 568. For example, factors such as age, charge cycles, discharge cycles, temperature, faults, and damage can affect the actual performance of the battery modules, thereby affecting the actual performance of the battery packs and battery system 110.

[0110] As previously referenced Figures 4A to 4D As described in method 400, performance parameter 534 can be measured by control system 120 at the individual battery module level, individual battery pack level, and battery system level. Examples of performance data 532 may include battery module-specific measurements 580 of the performance parameter 534 for each battery module of battery system 110, battery pack-specific measurements 582 of the performance parameter 534 for each battery pack of battery system 110, and system-wide measurements 584 of the performance parameter 534 for battery system 110. Battery module-specific measurements 580 may include measured values ​​of stored energy 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other 580 performance parameters for each battery module of battery system 110. Battery pack-specific measurements 582 may include measured values ​​of stored energy 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other 580 performance parameters for each battery pack of battery system 110. System-wide measurement results 584 may include measurements of the energy stored 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other performance parameters 580 of the battery system 110.

[0111] Performance data 532 may include battery module-specific targets 586 for the performance parameters 534 of each battery module in battery system 110, battery pack-specific targets 588 for the performance parameters 534 of each battery group in battery system 110, and system-wide targets 590 for the performance parameters 534 of battery system 110. For each battery module of battery system 110, the battery module-specific target 586 may include target values ​​for each performance parameter of performance parameter 534, including stored energy 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other performance parameters 580. For each battery group of battery system 110, the battery pack-specific target 588 may include target values ​​for each performance parameter of performance parameter 534, including stored energy 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other performance parameters 580. For the battery system 110, the system scope target 590 may include target values ​​for each performance parameter of the performance parameter 534, including stored energy 570, storage capacity 572, voltage 574, current 576, power 578, and other 580 performance parameters.

[0112] For each battery module of battery system 110, control system 120 can compare a battery module-specific measurement 580 with a battery module-specific target 586 based on performance parameters from performance parameters 534 to determine whether the battery module-specific measurement 580 of each performance parameter meets or falls within the threshold range of the battery module-specific target 586 for that performance parameter. Control system 120 can then determine whether each battery module is operating within acceptable limits based on this comparison. For example, control system 120 can determine whether to activate or deactivate each battery module of battery system 110 based on whether the battery module is operating within acceptable limits.

[0113] In some examples, the battery module-specific target 586 may initially be set by the control system 120 based on the battery module performance specification 568 identified for that battery module. Additionally or alternatively, the battery module-specific target 586 may be defined by a human operator via user input received through the operator interface 526. Furthermore, in some examples, the control system 120 may programmatically update the battery module-specific target 586 based on or in response to battery module-specific measurements 580 to reflect the actual performance of each battery module in the battery system 110. It should be understood that the battery module-specific measurements 580 and the battery module-specific target 586 may differ between or among the battery modules in the battery system 110 due to differences between or among the battery modules.

[0114] For each battery pack in the battery system 110, the control system 120 can compare a battery pack-specific measurement 582 with a battery pack-specific target 588 based on performance parameters from performance parameters 534 to determine whether the battery pack-specific measurement 582 for each performance parameter meets or falls within the threshold range of the battery pack-specific target 588 for that performance parameter. The control system can then determine whether each battery pack is operating within acceptable limits based on this comparison.

[0115] In some examples, the battery pack-specific target 588 may initially be set by the control system 120 based on a set of battery module performance specifications 568 identified for each battery module in the battery pack. Additionally or alternatively, the battery pack-specific target 588 may be defined by a human operator via user input received through the operator interface 526. Furthermore, in some examples, the control system 120 may programmatically update the battery pack-specific target 588 based on battery pack-specific measurements 582 to reflect the actual performance of each battery pack in the battery system 110. It should be understood that the battery pack-specific measurements 582 and the battery pack-specific target 588 may differ between or within the battery packs of the battery system 110, depending on, for example, the battery module composition of each battery pack.

[0116] The control system 120 can compare the system range measurement results 584 of the battery system 110 with the system range target 590 of the battery system based on the performance parameters from the performance parameters 534, to determine whether the system range measurement results 584 of each performance parameter meet or are within the threshold range of the system range target 590 for each performance parameter. The control system can then determine whether the battery system 110 is operating within acceptable limits based on this comparison.

[0117] In some examples, the system-wide target 590 may initially be set by the control system 120 based on a set of battery module performance specifications 568 identified for each battery module of the battery system. Additionally or alternatively, the system-wide target 590 may be defined by a human operator through user input received via operator interface 526. For example, the system-wide target 590 may be defined at least in part by performance parameters or other characteristics of the power source 114 and / or electrical load 116. Furthermore, in some examples, the control system 120 may programmatically update the system-wide target 590 based on system-wide measurement results 584 to reflect the actual performance of the battery system 110.

[0118] Data 518 may include the available battery modules 594 in the entire set of all battery modules of battery system 110 (e.g., in...). Figure 4CThe unavailable battery modules 595 in the entire set of all battery modules in the battery system 110 (as indicated by operation 464) and the operation 464) are also included. Figure 4C The operation is identified at location 464 in registry 592. Registry 592 can also be identified in... Figure 4C The operation at 472 selects a first subset of battery modules 596 of the battery system 110, and a second subset of battery modules 597 not included in the first subset 596. In this example, the first subset 596 includes battery module identifiers connected to the power distribution network of the power system, and the second subset 597 includes battery module identifiers not connected to the power distribution network of the power system.

[0119] Data 518 can be output by operator interface program 520 for presentation via operator interface 526. For example, input / output interface device 514 and / or client device 528 may include one or more output devices, such as graphic displays, audio speakers, indicator lights, etc., through which data 518 can be presented. Input / output interface device 514 and / or client device 528 may include one or more input devices through which a human operator can provide user input to computing system 500. Examples of input devices include keyboards, computer mice, touch displays, microphones, controller devices, dashboards, etc. Furthermore, input / output interface device 514 may include one or more communication interface devices that enable computing system 500 or computing device 502 of computing system 500 to communicate and / or exchange electrical energy with other devices, including client device 528, module interface devices, group manager 132, power system manager 130, power system interface 122, cathode-side interface 150, and anode-side interface 152. Such communication can be transmitted via wired and / or wireless communication links of one or more communication networks. Communication networks can include personal area networks, local area networks (LANs), and wide area networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet).

[0120] In addition, this disclosure includes configurations as described in the following examples.

[0121] Example 1. An electric power system comprising: A battery system, which includes multiple battery modules; The power distribution network for the battery system includes a cathode-side interface and an anode-side interface; A corresponding module interface device for each battery module of the battery system includes a measurement circuit and a switching circuit. The measurement circuit is operable to measure one or more performance parameters of the battery module, and the switching circuit is operable to connect and disconnect the battery module relative to the power distribution network independently of other battery modules in the battery system. A control system operatively coupled to each module interface device, wherein the control system is configured to: Obtain the target values ​​of the performance parameters of the battery system; For each battery module of the battery system, module-specific measurement results of the performance parameters are obtained via the measurement circuit of the module interface device of the battery module. Based on the target values ​​of the performance parameters and the module-specific measurements of the performance parameters obtained for each battery module in at least a first subset of the battery modules, a first subset of the battery modules of the battery system to be connected to the power distribution network is selected. For each battery module in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is instructed to connect the battery module to the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device, and For each battery module in the second subset of battery modules of the battery system not included in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is commanded to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device.

[0122] Example 2. According to the power system of Example 1, wherein the plurality of battery modules of the battery system are organized into two or more battery packs, wherein each battery pack includes two or more battery modules from the plurality of battery modules; and The control system further includes: For each battery pack in the battery system, the group manager is operable to command each module interface device electrically coupled to the battery modules of the battery pack to connect and disconnect the battery modules relative to the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device.

[0123] Example 3. The power system according to Example 2, wherein the target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a battery pack-specific target value of the performance parameter of each battery pack of the battery system.

[0124] Example 4. According to the power system of Example 2, a first battery pack of the two or more battery packs is arranged in parallel with a second battery pack of the two or more battery packs via the distribution network; and Each battery module in each of the two or more battery packs is arranged in series with other battery modules in the battery pack via the power distribution network.

[0125] Example 5. The power system according to Example 2, wherein a first battery pack of the two or more battery packs is arranged in series with a second battery pack of the two or more battery packs via the power distribution network.

[0126] Example 6. A power system according to any one of Examples 1-2, wherein the target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a system-wide target value of the performance parameter of the battery system.

[0127] Example 7. A power system according to any one of Examples 1-2, wherein the target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a module-specific target value of the performance parameter of each battery module of the battery system.

[0128] Example 8. An electric system according to any one of Examples 1-7, wherein the performance parameters include one or more of the following: stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power.

[0129] Example 9. A power system according to any one of Examples 1-8, wherein the plurality of batteries of the battery system have two or more different performance specifications among the plurality of batteries, the performance specifications being different in terms of battery chemistry category and / or the performance parameters.

[0130] Example 10. A power system according to any one of Examples 1-9, wherein the target value of the performance parameter is an operator-defined target value.

[0131] Example 11. A method for managing the operation of a power system performed by a computing system of one or more computing devices, the method comprising: Obtain target values ​​for the performance parameters of the battery system of the power system, wherein the battery system includes multiple battery modules; For each battery module of the battery system, module-specific measurement results of the performance parameters are obtained via a measurement circuit operatively coupled to a module interface device of the battery module. Based on the target values ​​of the performance parameters and the module-specific measurements of the performance parameters obtained for each battery module of at least a first subset of the battery modules, a first subset of the battery modules of the battery system is selected to be connected to the power distribution network of the battery system. For each battery module in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is instructed to connect the battery module to the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device, and For each battery module in the second subset of battery modules of the battery system not included in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is commanded to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device.

[0132] Example 12. According to the method of Example 11, the plurality of battery modules of the battery system are organized into two or more battery packs, wherein each battery pack includes two or more battery modules from the plurality of battery modules; and The target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a group-specific target value of the performance parameter of each battery pack in the battery system.

[0133] Example 13. The method according to Example 12, wherein a first battery pack of the two or more battery packs is arranged in parallel with a second battery pack of the two or more battery packs via the power distribution network; and Each battery module in each of the two or more battery packs is arranged in series with other battery modules in the battery pack via the power distribution network.

[0134] Example 14. According to the method of Example 12, the first battery pack of the two or more battery packs is arranged in series with the second battery pack of the two or more battery packs via the power distribution network.

[0135] Example 15. The method according to any one of Examples 11-14, wherein the target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a battery pack-specific target value of the performance parameter of each battery pack of the battery system.

[0136] Example 16. The method according to any one of Examples 11-14, wherein the target value of the performance parameter of the battery system is a module-specific target value of the performance parameter of each battery module of the battery system.

[0137] Example 17. The method according to any one of Examples 11-16, wherein the performance parameter includes one or more of the following: stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power.

[0138] Example 18. The method according to any one of Examples 11-17, wherein the plurality of cells of the battery system have two or more different performance specifications among the plurality of cells, the performance specifications being different in terms of battery chemistry category and / or the performance parameters.

[0139] Example 19. An article for managing the operation of an electric power system, the article comprising: A data storage machine of a computing system stores instructions that can be executed by the logic machine of the computing system to: Obtain target values ​​for the performance parameters of the battery system of the power system, wherein the battery system includes multiple battery modules; For each battery module of the battery system, module-specific measurement results of the performance parameters are obtained via a measurement circuit operatively coupled to a module interface device of the battery module. Based on the target values ​​of the performance parameters and the module-specific measurements of the performance parameters obtained for each battery module of at least a first subset of the battery modules, a first subset of the battery modules of the battery system is selected to be connected to the power distribution network of the battery system. For each battery module in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is instructed to connect the battery module to the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device, and For each battery module in the second subset of battery modules of the battery system not included in the first subset, the module interface device of the battery module is commanded to disconnect the battery module from the power distribution network via the switching circuit of the module interface device.

[0140] Example 20. The article of manufacture according to Example 19, wherein the plurality of cells of the battery system have two or more different performance specifications among the plurality of cells, the performance specifications differing in terms of battery chemistry category and / or the performance parameters; and The performance parameters mentioned therein include one or more of the following: stored energy, energy storage capacity, voltage, current, and electrical power.

[0141] It should be understood that the configurations and / or methods described herein are exemplary in nature, and these specific embodiments or examples should not be considered limiting, as many variations are possible. The particular routines or methods described herein may represent one or more of any number of processing strategies. Therefore, the various actions described and / or illustrated may be performed in the order they are stated and / or described, in a different order, in parallel, or omitted. Similarly, the order of the above processes may be changed.

[0142] The subject matter of this disclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various processes, systems and configurations disclosed herein, as well as any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An electric power system (100), comprising: The battery system (110) includes multiple battery modules (210-1.1, 210.1.N). A power distribution network (123) for the battery system (110) includes a cathode-side interface (125) and an anode-side interface (127). A corresponding module interface device (212) for each battery module (210) of the battery system (110) includes a measurement circuit (340) and a switching circuit (350). The measurement circuit is operable to measure one or more performance parameters (534) of the battery module (310), and the switching circuit (350) is operable to connect and disconnect the battery module (210) relative to the power distribution network (123) independently of other battery modules of the battery system (110); and A control system (120) operatively coupled to each module interface device (212), wherein the control system (120) is configured to: Obtain the target values ​​(586, 588, 590) of the performance parameters (534) of the battery system (110); For each battery module (210) of the battery system (110), the module-specific measurement result (580) of the performance parameter (534) is obtained via the measurement circuit (340) of the module interface device (212) of the battery module (210). Based on the target values ​​(586, 588, 590) of the performance parameter (534) and the module-specific measurement results (580) of the performance parameter (534) obtained for each battery module (210) in a first subset (472) of the battery modules, a first subset (472) of the battery modules to be connected to the power distribution network (123) is selected. For each battery module (210) of the first subset (472), the module interface device (212) of the battery module (212) is instructed to connect the battery module (210) to the power distribution network (123) via the switching circuit (350) of the module interface device (212), and For each battery module (210) in a second subset of battery modules (484) of the battery system (110) not included in the first subset (472), the module interface device (212) of the battery module (210) is commanded to disconnect the battery module (210) from the power distribution network (123) via the switching circuit (350) of the module interface device (212).

2. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery modules (210-1.1, 210.1.N) of the battery system (110) are organized into two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1), wherein each battery pack (118) comprises two or more battery modules (210-1.1, 210-1.2) from the plurality of battery modules (210); and The control system (120) further includes: The group manager (132) for each battery pack (118) of the battery system (110) is operable to command each module interface device (212) of the battery module (210) electrically coupled to the battery pack (118) to connect and disconnect the battery module (210) relative to the power distribution network (123) via the switching circuit (350) of the module interface device (212).

3. The power system (100) according to claim 2, wherein the target value (586, 588, 590) of the performance parameter (534) of the battery system (110) is a battery-group-specific target value (588) of the performance parameter (534) of each battery group (118) of the battery system (110).

4. The power system (100) according to claim 2, wherein the first battery pack (118-1.1) of the two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1) is arranged in parallel (142) with the second battery pack (118-2.1) of the two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1) via the distribution network (123); and Each battery module (210) of each battery pack (118) in the two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1) is arranged in series with other battery modules of the battery pack (118) via the power distribution network (123) (140).

5. The power system (100) according to claim 2, wherein the first battery pack (118-1.1) of the two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1) is arranged in series (140) with the second battery pack (118-1.2) of the two or more battery packs (118-1.1, 118-1.2, 118-2.1) via the power distribution network (123).

6. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the target value (586, 588, 590) of the performance parameter (534) of the battery system (110) is the system-range target value (590) of the performance parameter (534) of the battery system (110).

7. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the target value (586, 588, 590) of the performance parameter (534) of the battery system (110) is a module-specific target value (586) of the performance parameter (534) of each battery module (210) of the battery system (110).

8. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the performance parameter (534) includes one or more of the following: stored energy (570), energy storage capacity (572), voltage (574), current (576), and power (578).

9. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of batteries (210) of the battery system (110) have two or more different performance specifications (568) among the plurality of batteries (210), the performance specifications being different in terms of battery chemistry category (568) and / or the performance parameter (534).

10. The power system (100) according to claim 1, wherein the target value (586, 588, 590) of the performance parameter (534) is an operator-defined target value.

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