Directional delivery equipment for fritillaria thunbergii miq based on multi-stage directional screening

Abstract

The application relates to a Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment based on multi-stage directional screening, and belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material processing equipment. In view of the problems of low artificial screening efficiency and difficulty in accurate orientation before Zhejiang fritillary bulb slicing, the equipment comprises a feeding system, a multi-stage directional screening mechanism and an accurate directional delivery mechanism. The feeding system realizes orderly material conveying through a roller feeding mechanism; the multi-stage directional screening mechanism synchronously completes size grading and preliminary directional orientation of the material through horizontal and vertical composite vibration; the accurate directional delivery mechanism is provided with directional delivery channels of multiple sizes, the inner wall of the channel is designed in a segmented variable friction mode, the roller speed and vibration frequency are dynamically adjusted in combination with a closed-loop control system, and a posture fine adjustment mechanism is matched, so that accurate directional output of the Zhejiang fritillary bulb with the flat end facing forward is finally realized. The application is fully automated and is mainly used for automatic pretreatment of Zhejiang fritillary bulb and other flat traditional Chinese medicinal materials before slicing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material processing equipment, specifically relating to grading and screening equipment and directional conveying equipment for flat Chinese medicinal material slices before slicing, and more specifically, a directional conveying equipment for Fritillaria thunbergii based on multi-level directional screening. Background Technology

[0002] Fritillaria thunbergii, the dried bulb of a plant in the genus Fritillaria of the Liliaceae family, is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicinal herb. It possesses core medicinal properties of clearing heat and resolving phlegm, dispersing nodules and reducing swelling, and is widely used in clinical practice and in the processing of medicinal slices. Fritillaria thunbergii has a flat structure, typically 5-8 mm thick and 15-35 mm in diameter. During the processing of medicinal slices, to ensure uniform slice thickness, consistent specifications, and complete preservation of active ingredients, the Fritillaria thunbergii must be adjusted to the standard position of "flat end facing forward, thickness direction perpendicular to the slice surface" before being oriented and fed into the slicing equipment.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream process for sorting, screening, and feeding Zhejiang fritillary bulbs before slicing involves manual sorting combined with general-purpose vibrating screening equipment. Each bulb is manually adjusted before being fed into the slicer. The general-purpose vibrating screen can only grade materials of different sizes and cannot pre-adjust the material's posture. Some existing technologies use general-purpose conveyor tracks with simple guiding structures for material transport, but these are not customized to address the flat structure and Mohs hardness of Zhejiang fritillary bulbs (2-3).

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies have significant limitations in industrial production: First, manual operation is labor-intensive and has extremely low production efficiency. Furthermore, the consistency of the posture during manual sorting is poor and the orientation accuracy is insufficient, which can easily lead to uneven thickness of the sliced ​​medicinal slices, high breakage rate, and poor quality stability. Secondly, general screening equipment can only achieve size classification and cannot simultaneously complete the pre-orientation of material posture. An additional posture adjustment process is required, resulting in a long process flow and low equipment integration. Third, the general conveying and feeding equipment is not adapted to the physical characteristics of Fritillaria thunbergii, which can easily cause wear and breakage of the material surface, resulting in a high material loss rate. It is also prone to problems such as material jamming and adhesion of high-humidity materials, and the equipment has poor stability in continuous operation. Fourth, the existing equipment operates independently in each process unit without coordinated control, and cannot adjust operating parameters in real time according to material load and material characteristics. It has poor adaptability to working conditions. In particular, for special working conditions such as high humidity Zhejiang fritillary bulb, the orientation accuracy and conveying efficiency will drop significantly, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale continuous production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology by providing a multi-stage directional screening-based directional feeding equipment for Fritillaria thunbergii. Targeting the flat structure and core physical characteristics of Fritillaria thunbergii, it adopts a three-stage integrated architecture of "feeding - multi-stage directional screening - precise directional feeding". Through horizontally and vertically coupled composite vibration screening, the size classification and attitude pre-orientation of Fritillaria thunbergii are simultaneously achieved. Combined with a size-customized variable friction directional feeding channel, precise attitude calibration is completed. Furthermore, a PLC closed-loop control system achieves coordinated linkage between the overall feeding roller speed and vibration frequency, thereby realizing efficient, non-destructive, and precise directional feeding without manual intervention.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, this application employs the following technical solution: A multi-level directional screening-based directional delivery system for Fritillaria thunbergii includes: The feeding system is used for the continuous conveying of disordered Fritillaria thunbergii materials; The multi-stage directional screening mechanism is located at the discharge end of the feeding system. The multi-stage directional screening mechanism is equipped with screens with increasing apertures and connected to a composite vibration drive device to perform size classification and preliminary orientation of the flat end of the material through horizontal and vertical composite vibration. The precision orientation delivery mechanism is located at the discharge end of the multi-stage orientation screening mechanism. The precision orientation delivery mechanism includes multiple independent conveying channels that receive materials of different sizes. The independent conveying channels have a V-shaped angle structure, and their inner walls are provided with segmented surfaces with different friction forces along the conveying direction. The material completes attitude calibration under the combined action of vibration and friction torque to achieve precise delivery with the flat end facing the conveying front. The closed-loop control system communicates with the feeding system, multi-stage directional screening mechanism, and precision directional delivery mechanism to dynamically adjust the conveying speed and vibration frequency based on the operational feedback data of each mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the feeding system includes an inclined roller feeding mechanism; the roller feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and a roller, the surface of which is sandblasted and the inclination angle is 3°-5°.

[0008] Furthermore, the composite vibration drive device includes a double eccentric shaft variable frequency exciter motor and a welded vibration frame with an inclined beam; the output excitation force of the exciter motor is decomposed into horizontal reciprocating vibration force and vertical up-and-down vibration force through the inclined beam; the screen surface is coated with a wear-resistant polyurethane coating.

[0009] Furthermore, the independent conveying channels include at least small-sized channels, medium-sized channels, and large-sized channels; as the size of the material being received increases, the V-angle of the independent conveying channels increases sequentially, and the corresponding initial vibration frequency decreases sequentially.

[0010] Furthermore, the segmented surface of the inner wall of the independent conveying channel includes, in sequence along the conveying direction: an inlet anti-slip textured section, a middle transition section consisting of alternating anti-slip textures and smooth surfaces, and an outlet fully smooth surface section.

[0011] Furthermore, the anti-slip texture is a horizontally recessed diamond pattern perpendicular to the channel conveying direction, and the edges of the anti-slip texture are rounded.

[0012] Furthermore, an elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism is provided at the entrance of the intermediate transition section. The elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism includes a flexible elastic substrate, a rigid calibration head, and a driving component. The rigid calibration head is connected to the closed-loop control system through a force feedback sensor, and the driving component drives the flexible elastic substrate according to the command to fine-tune the channel spacing or guide angle.

[0013] Furthermore, the closed-loop control system is equipped with a speed-load linkage module. The vibration load data of the multi-stage directional screening mechanism is fed back to this module in real time. When the load is greater than the preset high threshold, the closed-loop control system controls the feeding system to decelerate and increase the vibration frequency of the precision directional feeding mechanism; when the load is less than the preset low threshold, reverse adjustment is performed.

[0014] Furthermore, the inlet end of the precision directional delivery mechanism is equipped with a vision detection module, which is used to identify the posture deviation angle and size deviation of the material in real time. When the posture deviation angle exceeds the preset threshold, the closed-loop control system activates the elastic guide plate fine adjustment mechanism to compensate for the angle.

[0015] Furthermore, the roller feeding mechanism also includes a pressure sensor; when the pressure sensor detects an abnormal increase in pressure and determines that the material is stuck, the closed-loop control system controls the roller feeding mechanism to instantly reduce its speed and simultaneously increases the excitation force amplitude of the multi-stage directional screening mechanism.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: 1. Significantly improved orientation accuracy and production efficiency: This invention achieves an overall orientation accuracy of 97.65% (high humidity) and 97.8% (normal humidity) through two-stage attitude calibration of pre-orientation and precise orientation, which is significantly improved compared with existing technologies; the conveying efficiency can reach 115kg / h (high humidity) and 121.5kg / h (normal humidity), which is also significantly improved compared with existing technologies, completely eliminating reliance on manual labor and realizing fully automated continuous production.

[0017] 2. Significantly reduced material loss and equipment failure rate: The conveying, screening, and feeding structure customized for the physical characteristics of Fritillaria thunbergii results in a material loss rate as low as 1.2% (normal humidity) and 1.5% (high humidity), which is significantly lower than existing technologies. Through anti-jamming design and closed-loop abnormality handling, the jamming rate is as low as 0.5 times / h (high humidity), which is also significantly lower than existing technologies. The fluctuation range of continuous operation indicators of the equipment is greatly reduced, and the operational stability is greatly improved.

[0018] 3. High integration of processes and significant simplification of process flow: Through a multi-stage screening mechanism with horizontal and vertical composite vibration, the size grading of Fritillaria thunbergii is completed while the material's orientation is simultaneously pre-oriented, eliminating the need for additional pre-processing. The equipment has a high degree of integration and significantly shortens the production process.

[0019] 4. Strong adaptability to working conditions and high control precision: The PLC closed-loop control system realizes the coordinated linkage of feeding, screening and conveying units. The operating parameters can be adjusted in real time according to the material load, size specifications and humidity characteristics. Even under special working conditions such as high humidity, it can still maintain high orientation accuracy and conveying efficiency, and fully adapt to the industrial production needs of different scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the conveyor roller machine of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-level targeted screening mechanism in this application.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism of this application.

[0022] In the diagram, 1. Feeding roller; 2. Conveyor roller machine; 3. Multi-stage directional screening mechanism; 4. Precision directional feeding mechanism; 5. Elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism; 2-1. Feeding hopper; 2-2. Conveyor roller; 2-3. Frame; 2-4. Reducer; 2-5. Motor; 2-6. Chain; 2-7. Sprocket; 2-8. Feeding bearing seat; 3-1. Screen; 3-2. Conveyor chain; 3-3. Protective plate; 3-4. Rear support bracket; 4-1. Vibrator; 4-2. Independent conveying channel. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0025] Example 1: Structure of the Zhejiang Fritillaria thunbergii directional delivery equipment like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention provides a directional feeding device for Fritillaria thunbergii based on multi-stage directional screening. The device adopts a three-stage customized design: feeding, grading and pre-direction, and precise feeding. This embodiment is specifically designed based on the core physical characteristics of Fritillaria thunbergii, such as its flat structure (3:1 flatness ratio) with a thickness of 5-8mm and a diameter of 15-35mm, and a Mohs hardness of 2-3. Through the coordinated operation of the feeding system, the multi-stage directional screening mechanism 3, the precise directional feeding mechanism 4, and the PLC closed-loop control system, fully automated and precise feeding without human intervention is achieved, with a directional accuracy ≥95% and a conveying efficiency of 0.5-1m / s.

[0026] I. Material Feeding System The feeding system is adapted to the humidity tolerance and wear resistance requirements of Fritillaria thunbergii, and realizes orderly and continuous feeding. It mainly consists of feeding roller 1, conveying roller machine 2 (i.e. roller feeding mechanism) and customized conveying track.

[0027] The disordered Zhejiang fritillary bulbs first enter the feeding roller 1, which is made of 304 stainless steel with a surface roughness of Ra=1.6~3.2μm achieved by sandblasting. This roughness enhances the friction between the material and the roller for smooth conveying while preventing wear on the relatively soft surface of the Zhejiang fritillary bulbs. The tilt angle of the feeding roller 1 is set at 3°-5°. Based on the characteristic that the natural angle of repose of Zhejiang fritillary bulbs is approximately 32°, this angle utilizes the balance between gravity and friction to ensure smooth material rise and prevent jamming. The feeding roller 1 is a basic tilting roller conveyor structure, a mature existing technology in the food / traditional Chinese medicine processing field (general-purpose tilting roller feeder), and its structure and principle will not be elaborated further here.

[0028] Material enters the feeding hopper 2-1 via the feeding roller 1, and then falls into the conveyor roller machine 2. The conveyor roller machine 2 (i.e., the roller feeding mechanism) includes a frame 2-3 and multiple parallel conveyor rollers 2-2 driven by a motor 2-5, a reducer 2-4, a sprocket 2-7, a chain 2-6, and a feeding bearing seat 2-8. The basic structure is that the motor 2-5 drives all the conveyor rollers 2-2 to rotate through the sprocket 2-7, the chain 2-6, and the reducer 2-4. The feeding bearing seat 2-8 is used to install the sprocket 2-7, etc., similar to the structure of existing belt conveyors, which will not be described in detail here. The principle of its structure is existing technology.

[0029] The width of the conveyor roller 2-2 of the conveyor roller machine 2 is customized to 70mm according to the diameter range of Fritillaria thunbergii, ensuring precise matching and smooth conveying of single particles. The outer surface of the conveyor roller 2-2 is finely polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, minimizing conveying resistance. The conveyor roller machine 2 has 10mm high guide plates on both sides, precisely adapting to the maximum thickness of Fritillaria thunbergii and providing a 2mm safety gap, effectively preventing material from slipping and falling while not hindering posture adjustment. The conveying speed of the conveyor roller machine 2 is adjustable within the range of 0.3-0.8m / s, controlled in real-time by a vision detection module.

[0030] In this embodiment, although the visual detection module is not shown in the figure, it uses a common camera device and the installation position can be adjusted according to the needs. For example, it can be installed directly above or in front of the entrance of the directional delivery channel (i.e., V-shaped groove). The number can be one or more (the visual detection module of the subsequent precision directional delivery mechanism 4 can be a module composed of a set of cameras or a separate camera), so it is not limited here.

[0031] II. Multi-level targeted screening agencies The multi-stage directional screening mechanism 3 is located at the discharge end of the feeding system. It achieves material size classification and orientation simultaneously through three-stage composite vibration screening.

[0032] The mechanism features a welded vibratory frame with a 45° inclined beam at the bottom, and dual eccentric shaft variable frequency excitation motors installed on both sides of the center of the main beam. The rotational excitation force output by the excitation motors is efficiently decomposed by the inclined beam into horizontal reciprocating vibration force and vertical up-and-down vibration force, achieving horizontal + vertical composite vibration.

[0033] The mechanism internally houses three-stage screens 3-1, secured by slotted quick-release and clamping bolts. All screens 3-1 are made of wear-resistant polyurethane coated material with a hardness matching the Mohs hardness of Fritillaria thunbergii (Zhejiang fritillary bulb) at 2-3. Compared to ordinary metal screens, this reduces material loss by over 30%. The three screens 3-1 are located at different horizontal sections of the same conveying axis, arranged in a staggered, stepped pattern along the horizontal conveying direction of the Zhejiang fritillary bulb, with apertures increasing from small to large (the side closer to the conveyor roller 2 has smaller apertures). Through horizontal and vertical composite vibration, precise grading of the Zhejiang fritillary bulb according to diameter is achieved, compatible with the entire process of "feeding-grading pre-direction-precise delivery." The grading logic is as follows: Primary screening (farthest from conveyor roller 2): 30mm screen aperture, precisely intercepting large-sized Fritillaria thunbergii with a diameter ≥30mm, which are then conveyed backward to the collection area via composite vibration; Secondary screening: The sieve has a mesh size of 20mm, which accurately separates medium-sized Fritillaria thunbergii with a diameter of 20-30mm, and simultaneously completes the pre-direction process; Three-stage screening (closest to conveyor roller 2): 15mm screen aperture, collecting small-sized Fritillaria thunbergii with a diameter of 15-20mm, simultaneously completing the pre-direction process; materials with a diameter <15mm are collected separately for secondary processing.

[0034] Of course, it's not limited to three levels of screening; it can also be four levels, as shown in the attached document. Figure 3 Four screens are shown in the image, and those skilled in the art can set them up according to their needs.

[0035] Under the combined vibration, taking advantage of the lower center of gravity of the flat end of the Zhejiang fritillary bulb, the material will spontaneously align itself towards the vibration direction of the screen 3-1, initially presenting a forward-facing posture, thus completing the pre-orientation. The mechanism is also equipped with a protective plate 3-3 and a rear support bracket 3-4. The screened material enters the next process with the assistance of the conveyor chain 3-2, etc. The conveyor chain 3-2 drives the screen 3-1 to rotate, assisting the combined vibration of the excitation motor, and is considered a preferred solution. The protective plate 3-3 prevents the Zhejiang fritillary bulb from falling outside the multi-stage directional screening mechanism 3. The rear support bracket 3-4 provides support.

[0036] III. Targeted Delivery Agencies The precision-directed delivery mechanism 4 receives the graded material and includes three V-shaped groove directional delivery channels (independent conveying channels 4-2) customized for different sizes. Each channel is equipped with an independent vibrator 4-1 at its bottom. The inner walls of all independent conveying channels 4-2 are made of 304 stainless steel and passivated. A segmented design of "recessed anti-slip textured section + middle transition section + smooth outlet section" is used to construct the attitude adjustment torque (i.e., attitude adjustment torque is constructed through frictional differences to gradually calibrate the Fritillaria thunbergii from its initial disordered state). Specific parameters are as follows: (1) 15~20mm small-size channel (suitable for 5~8g materials): a narrow included angle is used to form strong lateral constraint. Vibration frequency 45~50Hz. The anti-slip texture is a horizontally recessed rhomboid with a depth of 0.3mm, a center spacing of 1.8mm, and an edge rounded with R0.2mm; the inlet anti-slip section is 120mm long, the middle section is 100mm long (anti-slip and smooth sections of equal width alternate), and the outlet smooth section is 80mm long; the smooth surface roughness Ra≤0.6μm, and the end is rounded with R5mm. After the Fritillaria thunbergii enters, the flat end will naturally fit the two inclined surfaces of the V-shaped groove due to the large contact area, and the long axis (flat direction) will be forced to align with the channel conveying direction, quickly locking the basic posture of "flat end facing forward".

[0037] (2) Medium-sized channel of 20~30mm (suitable for mainstream materials of 8~15g): adopts a medium included angle. Vibration frequency 35~40Hz. Anti-slip texture depth 0.25mm, center spacing 2.0mm, edge R0.2mm rounded corner; inlet anti-slip section length 120mm, middle section length 130mm (15mm anti-slip + 20mm smooth alternating), outlet smooth section length 100mm; smooth surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, end with R6mm rounded corner. It avoids the compression and damage of materials caused by narrow angles, and also prevents the attitude dispersion caused by wide angles, allowing the materials to have enough space to complete attitude calibration under vibration.

[0038] (3) Large-size channel ≥30mm (suitable for materials ≥15g): Wide angle is used to prevent material tipping. Vibration frequency 30~35Hz. Anti-slip texture depth 0.2mm, center spacing 2.5mm, edge R0.3mm rounded corner; inlet anti-slip section length 100mm, middle section length 180mm (20mm anti-slip + 30mm smooth alternating), outlet smooth section length 120mm; smooth surface roughness Ra≤0.8μm, end with R8mm rounded corner. Wide angle provides stable support surface, suitable for the uneven weight distribution of large mass (≥15g) materials. Large-size Zhejiang fritillary bulbs have more obvious center of gravity shift, wide angle can avoid tipping caused by center of gravity tilt, while ensuring that the flat end fully fits the inclined surface, ensuring that the long axis is consistent with the channel direction.

[0039] In this embodiment, the complete posture guidance process for different sizes of Fritillaria thunbergii is as follows: (1) Small-sized Fritillaria thunbergii, 15~20mm Initial state: The material enters the independent conveying channel 4-2 and its posture is disordered (lying on its side, standing upright or at an angle).

[0040] Attitude adjustment: Under high-frequency vibration of 45~50Hz, the material has low inertia and can quickly respond to the torque generated by the friction difference in the middle section - the non-flat end is blocked by the anti-slip texture, and the flat end slides against the smooth surface, completing the tumbling calibration within a 30mm channel length.

[0041] Stable output: The exit section maintains its orientation with a completely smooth surface, and finally slides out with the flat end facing forward and the thickness perpendicular to the slice surface, with an orientation accuracy of ≥98.5%.

[0042] (2) Medium-sized Fritillaria thunbergii, 20~30mm Initial state: There are many mainstream-sized materials, which are prone to slight stacking or tilting.

[0043] Attitude adjustment: The speed and stability are adjusted by 35~40Hz medium frequency vibration balance. The material slowly rolls under the guidance of the alternating surface in the middle section. The flat end gradually becomes the dominant sliding direction due to its large contact area and small resistance. The non-flat end is gradually adjusted to fit the inclined surface.

[0044] Stable output: The rounded corners at the outlet section prevent jamming and maintain a stable posture, meeting the precise requirements of subsequent slicing processes.

[0045] (3) Large-sized Fritillaria thunbergii with a diameter of 30mm or more Initial state: large mass, significant center of gravity shift, prone to tipping over or oblique jamming.

[0046] Attitude adjustment: Low-frequency vibration of 30~35Hz reduces the tumbling amplitude and avoids attitude deviation caused by large inertia; the torque generated by the friction difference in the middle section slowly drives the material to adjust; the flat end, due to its low center of gravity and large contact area, spontaneously adheres to the smooth surface to complete attitude calibration.

[0047] Stable output: The smooth surface of the outlet section reduces resistance, ensuring that large-sized materials are output in a stable posture. The thickness direction is perpendicular to the slicing surface, avoiding breakage or uneven thickness during slicing.

[0048] IV. Elastic Guide Plate Fine-tuning Mechanism like Figure 4 As shown, an elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism 5 is installed at the entrance of the intermediate transition section of each independent conveying channel 4-2. This mechanism adopts a composite structure of "flexible elastic substrate 5-1 + rigid calibration head 5-2 + force feedback sensor 5-4 + drive component 5-3", driven by a micro closed-loop stepper motor and eccentric wheel to achieve stepless fine-tuning. The rigid calibration head 5-2 has an arc-shaped working surface, which can guide the material to ensure guiding accuracy and improve wear resistance. Secondly, the elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism 5 is symmetrically arranged. The force feedback sensor 5-4 collects the material contact pressure in real time and feeds it back to the control system. With the closed-loop control of the micro closed-loop stepper motor, the posture and extension of the guide plate (flexible elastic substrate 5-1) are automatically corrected to drive the rigid calibration head 5-2. While ensuring smooth material transition and guidance, it achieves precise and adaptive online dynamic adjustment.

[0049] (1) Small channel: angle fine adjustment ±0°~±8°, initial spacing 18mm±2mm, contact pressure threshold 10N, reset preload 5N.

[0050] (2) Medium-sized channel: angle fine adjustment ±0°~±12°, initial spacing 25mm±3mm, contact pressure threshold 15N, reset preload 8N.

[0051] (3) Large-size channel: angle fine adjustment ±0°~±15°, initial spacing 32mm±4mm, contact pressure threshold 20N, reset preload 10N.

[0052] V. PLC Closed-Loop Control System and Anomaly Handling Logic The entire process is controlled by a PLC with millisecond-level closed-loop control. (1) Speed-load linkage: When the load of the multi-stage directional screening mechanism 3 is >80%, the feeding speed is reduced to 0.5m / s; when the load is <30%, the speed is increased to 1m / s.

[0053] (2) Frequency-size linkage: When the screening load is >80%, the vibration frequency of each channel will automatically increase by 3Hz; when the load is <30%, the frequency will decrease by 2Hz.

[0054] (3) Attitude fine-tuning linkage: The entrance vision detection module collects attitude data every 10ms. No fine-tuning is performed when the attitude deviation is ≤2° and the pressure is <threshold; when the deviation is 2°-5°, unilateral fine-tuning is performed with an amplitude of 0.8 times the deviation angle; when the deviation is >5°, bilateral fine-tuning is performed, with the deviation side adjusted by 0.9 times the angle and the spacing on the opposite side reduced by 0.5~1mm; if the pressure is ≥threshold (regardless of the deviation angle), fine-tuning is stopped immediately, the guide plate is reset in the opposite direction by 0.5° and the spacing is increased by 1mm. The entire fine-tuning process is executed within ≤50ms.

[0055] (4) Abnormal handling: The track pressure sensor (identifies the jamming state by the sudden change in pressure value generated by material extrusion. The sensor is embedded on roller 2-2, but it can also be installed in other places according to the requirements. There is no limitation here) detects that the material is jammed (the reason for the jamming is that the subsequent directional screening mechanism cannot handle it in time. Now, let the conveyor roller 2 slow down and let the subsequent multi-stage directional screening mechanism speed up the process, so as to alleviate the jamming). When the PLC reduces the speed of the conveyor roller 2-2 (from 10r / min to 8r / min) and increases the amplitude of the screening mechanism, if it is not resolved in 3 seconds, it will alarm and stop the machine. For high humidity (>20%) materials that are easy to stick, the system presets fine adjustment compensation, the angle fine adjustment range increases by 20%, the spacing fine adjustment range increases by 10%, and the contact pressure threshold decreases by 10%.

[0056] Example 2: Implementation Case and Test Data To verify the practical application effect of this invention, a rigorous comparative test was conducted between the experimental group of this invention and the control group of the prior art (manual sorting + general screening rail). The test used Zhejiang fritillary bulbs from Taizhou, divided into three specifications: 15-20mm, 20-30mm, and ≥30mm. Samples were prepared under both normal humidity and high humidity conditions. The samples were undamaged and free of mold, and each sample weighed 50kg. Specifically, the following testing standards were also included: 1. Orientation accuracy: The number of Fritillaria thunbergii plants conforming to the orientation of "flat end facing forward, thickness direction perpendicular to the slice surface" / total number of feeds × 100% is determined by real-time detection using a visual inspection module (resolution 0.1mm) + manual random sampling of 30% for verification, and the average value is taken. 2. Conveying efficiency: The weight of Zhejiang fritillary bulbs successfully delivered per unit time (kg / h), calculated based on the effective conveying capacity of continuous operation for 1 hour; 3. Material loss rate: (Total weight of feed - weight of qualified directional feed material - weight of effective material after grading and screening) / total weight of feed × 100%, loss includes surface wear, breakage, jammed waste material; 4. Jam rate: Number of jams during the test / continuous operating time of the equipment (times / h). Jam is defined as a situation where the material is stuck for more than 3 seconds and requires manual intervention or automatic handling by the equipment. 5. Equipment continuous operation stability: After 4 hours of continuous operation, the fluctuation range of core indicators is recorded. A fluctuation range of ≤5% is considered stable.

[0057] Implementation Case 1: Directional Delivery Test of Full-Size Fritillaria thunbergii under Normal Humidity This scenario represents a typical production process for processing Fritillaria thunbergii. The sample consists of naturally air-dried Fritillaria thunbergii with normal humidity, controlled at 12%-15%. The feed consists of a mix of all sizes (30% 15-20mm, 55% 20-30mm, and 15% ≥30mm), with a total feed weight of 50kg. This is a typical working condition for daily batch processing in a processing plant.

[0058] (1) Test parameter settings (experimental group) Based on the PLC closed-loop control system of this invention, the core parameters are matched according to the full-size mixing and feeding requirements, and the specific settings are as follows: Feeding system: Feeding roller 1 has an inclination angle of 4°, an internal surface roughness Ra=2.4μm, and a conveying speed of 0.6m / s; Roller 2-2 has a width of 70mm, a conveying speed of 0.5m / s, and a guide plate height of 10mm; Multi-stage directional screening mechanism: Screen 3-1 is made of wear-resistant polyurethane coating material, with a horizontal + vertical composite vibration amplitude of 0.6mm. The vibration frequency of the first-stage screen (30mm aperture), the second-stage screen (20mm aperture), and the third-stage screen (15mm aperture) is 40Hz. Precision three-channel directional delivery mechanism: 15-20mm channel angle 60°, vibration frequency 48Hz; 20-30mm channel angle 75°, vibration frequency 38Hz; ≥30mm channel angle 90°, vibration frequency 33Hz; inner wall anti-slip texture section length 100mm, smooth surface section length 200mm; Closed-loop linkage control: the screening load threshold is set to 30%-80%, the feeding channel attitude deviation threshold is 2mm, and the jam detection pressure threshold is 5N.

[0059] (2) Test Implementation Steps 50 kg of full-size Fritillaria thunbergii with normal humidity was put into the feeding hopper of the experimental group equipment, the PLC closed-loop control system was started, the equipment was set to continuous operation mode, and the start-up time was recorded. The equipment operates without human intervention, with a vision detection module recording directional delivery data and material jamming in each channel in real time, and recording the conveying efficiency every 30 minutes. After running continuously for 1 hour, stop the equipment, collect qualified directional feeding materials, effective materials after grading and screening, and lost materials from each channel, weigh them and count the quantities; The control group equipment was tested with the same amount of material and the same running time. The entire process was carried out manually by two skilled workers, and the key indicators were recorded. Repeat the above test three times, and take the average of the three test data as the final result to eliminate random errors. The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below: Table 1 Test data of the experimental group (equipment of this invention)

[0060] Table 2. Test data of the control group (previous technology)

[0061] As can be seen, the overall orientation accuracy of the experimental group is as high as 97.8% (98.6% for small size, 98.2% for medium size, and 96.5% for large size), the conveying efficiency is 128 kg / h, the material loss rate is 1.2%, and the jamming rate is 0 times / h (the equipment has an automatic processing rate of 100%).

[0062] The overall orientation accuracy of the existing technology control group is only 62.5%, the conveying efficiency is only 35 kg / h, the material loss rate is 8.9%, and the jamming rate is as high as 12 times / h (requiring 100% manual intervention).

[0063] Implementation Case 2: Directional Delivery Test of Mainstream Size Fritillaria thunbergii under High Humidity This scenario illustrates a unique production environment for processing Zhejiang fritillary bulbs. The sample consists of partially dried, high-humidity Zhejiang fritillary bulbs, with humidity controlled between 20% and 25%. The feed material is the mainstream size (20-30mm) used in processing plants, with a total feed volume of 50kg. The high humidity of the Zhejiang fritillary bulbs leads to surface adhesion and increased friction between materials, a typical condition where existing feeding and screening equipment is prone to jamming and a sharp drop in orientation accuracy. This scenario verifies the anti-interference capability and adaptability of the equipment of this invention.

[0064] (1) Test parameter settings (experimental group) Based on the feeding requirements of high humidity and a single mainstream size, the core parameters are dynamically optimized by the PLC closed-loop control system, and the specific settings are as follows: Feeding system: Feeding roller 1 has an inclination angle of 3.5°, a surface roughness Ra=2.0μm (to reduce surface adhesion), and a conveying speed of 0.5m / s; Roller 2-2 has a width of 70mm and a conveying speed of 0.4m / s; Multi-stage directional screening mechanism: Only the secondary screen (20mm aperture) is used, with a wear-resistant polyurethane coated screen and a composite vibration amplitude of 0.7mm and a vibration frequency of 45Hz (increasing the vibration amplitude and frequency to break up material adhesion). Precision three-channel directional delivery mechanism: Only the 20-30mm medium-sized channel is used, with an angle of 75° and a vibration frequency of 40Hz (increased by 5Hz to enhance attitude calibration capability); the inner wall anti-slip textured section is 120mm long, and the smooth surface section is 180mm long. Closed-loop linkage control: The screening load threshold is set to 20%-80% (lowering the low load threshold to adapt to the throughput of sticky materials), the feeding channel attitude deviation threshold is 2mm, and the jam detection pressure threshold is 4N (lowering the pressure threshold to detect the risk of jamming in advance).

[0065] (2) Test Implementation Steps 50 kg of high-humidity, 20-30 mm thick Fritillaria thunbergii was put into the feeding hopper of the experimental group equipment, the equipment was started, the continuous operation mode was set, and the start-up time was recorded. The equipment operates without human intervention. The vision detection module monitors material adhesion, orientation, and jamming in real time, and records the conveying efficiency and orientation accuracy every 20 minutes. After running continuously for 1 hour, stop the equipment, collect qualified directional feeding materials and lost materials, weigh and count the quantity, and focus on recording the effect of material adhesion removal. The control group equipment was tested with the same amount of material and the same running time. Three skilled workers manually sorted, prevented sticking, and fed the materials, and recorded the key indicators. Repeat the above test three times, and take the average of the three test data as the final result. The test results are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below: Table 3. Test data of the experimental group (equipment of this invention):

[0066] Table 4. Test data for the control group (previous technology)

[0067] Test results show that, even under extreme working conditions where adhesion is extremely easy, the overall orientation accuracy of the experimental group remains at 97.5%, the conveying efficiency is 115 kg / h, the material loss rate is only 1.8%, the material adhesion release rate is as high as 99.2%, and the jamming rate is only 0.5 times / h.

[0068] Conversely, the control group experienced a sharp drop in orientation accuracy to 51.2% under the same operating conditions, a decrease in conveying efficiency to 22 kg / h, a surge in loss rate to 12.5%, and a jamming rate as high as 28 times / h, with multiple instances of severe material accumulation.

[0069] Based on the overall average data of the two implementation cases, the improvement / deterioration of the indicators of the equipment of the present invention and the prior art are compared, and the results are shown in Table 5 below: Table 5

[0070] Comprehensive comparative data fully demonstrates that this invention, through targeted mechanical structural innovation and PLC dynamic closed-loop control, completely solves the core pain points of existing technologies in processing special-shaped Chinese medicinal materials such as Fritillaria thunbergii, including poor orientation accuracy, low efficiency, high loss, and easy material jamming. The parts not described in detail in this application are prior art, and therefore are not described in detail in this application.

[0071] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0072] Although this document uses a significant amount of technical terminology, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to facilitate the description and explanation of the nature of this application; interpreting them as any additional limitation would be contrary to the spirit of this application.

[0073] This application is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments. Anyone can derive other products in various forms under the guidance of this application. However, regardless of any changes made to their shape or structure, any technical solution that is the same as or similar to that of this application falls within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A directional delivery device for Fritillaria thunbergii based on multi-level directional screening, characterized in that, include: The feeding system is used for the continuous conveying of disordered Fritillaria thunbergii materials; A multi-stage directional screening mechanism (3) is located at the discharge end of the feeding system. The multi-stage directional screening mechanism (3) is equipped with a multi-stage screen (3-1) with increasing aperture, and is connected to a composite vibration drive device to perform size classification and preliminary orientation of the flat end of the material through horizontal and vertical composite vibration. The composite vibration drive device includes a double eccentric shaft variable frequency excitation motor and a welded vibration frame with an inclined beam. The output excitation force of the excitation motor is decomposed into horizontal reciprocating vibration force and vertical up-and-down vibration force through the inclined beam. The surface of the screen (3-1) is coated with a wear-resistant polyurethane coating. A precision-directed delivery mechanism (4) is located at the discharge end of the multi-stage directional screening mechanism (3). The precision-directed delivery mechanism (4) includes multiple independent conveying channels (4-2) that receive materials of different sizes. The independent conveying channels (4-2) have a V-shaped angle structure, and their inner walls are provided with segmented surfaces with different friction forces along the conveying direction. The material completes attitude calibration under the combined action of vibration and friction torque to achieve precise delivery with the flat end facing the conveying front. The segmented surfaces provided on the inner walls of the independent conveying channels (4-2) are arranged along the conveying direction. The section includes: an inlet anti-slip textured section, a middle transition section consisting of alternating anti-slip textures and smooth surfaces, and an outlet fully smooth surface section; the inlet of the middle transition section is also provided with an elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism (5), the elastic guide plate fine-tuning mechanism (5) includes a flexible elastic substrate (5-1), a rigid calibration head (5-2), and a driving component (5-3), the rigid calibration head (5-2) is connected to the closed-loop control system through a force feedback sensor (5-4), and the driving component drives the flexible elastic substrate according to the command to fine-tune the channel spacing or guide angle; The closed-loop control system is connected in communication with the feeding system, the multi-stage directional screening mechanism (3) and the precision directional delivery mechanism (4), and is used to dynamically adjust the conveying speed and vibration frequency according to the operation feedback data of each mechanism.

2. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feeding system includes an inclined roller feeding mechanism; the roller feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper (2-1) and a roller (2-2), the surface of the roller (2-2) is sandblasted, and the inclination angle is 3°-5°.

3. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The independent conveying channel (4-2) includes at least a small-sized channel, a medium-sized channel, and a large-sized channel; as the size of the material being received increases, the V-shaped angle of the independent conveying channel (4-2) increases sequentially, and the corresponding initial set vibration frequency decreases sequentially.

4. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-slip texture is a horizontally recessed diamond-shaped texture perpendicular to the channel conveying direction, and the edges of the anti-slip texture are rounded.

5. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed-loop control system is equipped with a speed-load linkage module. The vibration load data of the multi-level directional screening mechanism (3) is fed back to the module in real time. When the load is greater than the preset high threshold, the closed-loop control system controls the feeding system to decelerate and increase the vibration frequency of the precision directional delivery mechanism (4). When the load is less than the preset low threshold, reverse adjustment is performed.

6. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The precise directional delivery mechanism (4) is equipped with a visual detection module at its inlet end, which is used to identify the attitude deviation angle and size deviation of the material in real time. When the attitude deviation angle exceeds the preset threshold, the closed-loop control system activates the elastic guide plate fine adjustment mechanism (5) to perform angle compensation.

7. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb directional delivery equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The roller feeding mechanism also includes a pressure sensor; when the pressure sensor detects an abnormal increase in pressure and determines that the material is stuck, the closed-loop control system controls the roller feeding mechanism to instantly reduce its speed and simultaneously increases the excitation force amplitude of the multi-stage directional screening mechanism (3).

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