Aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine

Abstract

This invention provides an aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine, relating to the field of metal processing technology. The machine frame is equipped with a first flow channel and a liquid supply component. One end of the first flow channel extends to the wall of the through-hole in the extrusion section, and the other end communicates with the liquid supply component. The lubricant on the wall of the through-hole in the extrusion section lubricates the blank and the piercing needle, reducing the initial friction between them. As the blank is extruded, the lubricant on the wall of the through-hole in the extrusion section is gradually consumed, causing the initial friction to gradually increase. When the initial friction exceeds a preset value, it indicates poor lubrication between the blank and the piercing needle. The liquid supply component then delivers lubricant into the first flow channel to squeeze the lubricant in the first flow channel to the wall of the through-hole in the extrusion section, saving lubricant, ensuring lubrication between the blank and the piercing needle, reducing the initial friction, reducing wear on the piercing needle, extending its service life, reducing damage to the inner surface of the profile, improving product quality, and reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal processing technology, and in particular to an aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine. Background Technology

[0002] Metal forming machines are key equipment in metal material processing in the manufacturing industry. Extrusion forming machines, as one of their core types, apply high pressure to heated billets to induce directional plastic deformation and extrude them through a die to obtain profiles with the desired cross-sectional shape. They are characterized by high production efficiency, high material utilization, and strong adaptability, and are widely used in the processing of metals such as aluminum, copper, and steel. Aluminum alloys are widely used due to their lightweight and corrosion resistance, and corresponding aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machines have become common equipment in the industry. These machines typically consist of an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion rod, a hydraulic system, and a control unit. The extrusion cylinder is made of high-strength alloy steel, achieving a working temperature of 400-500℃ and a temperature control accuracy of ±5℃. The extrusion rod is integrally forged and precision machined to ensure fitting accuracy, and an integrated PLC control system enables precise parameter adjustment. This allows for the production of aluminum alloy profiles in various specifications and shapes to meet the needs of multiple fields.

[0003] When processing seamless round aluminum alloy profiles, a forming die consisting of a die head and piercing needles is required because the cross-section is a closed circle. During the process of extruding aluminum alloy blanks to form round tubular profiles, the friction between the blank and the piercing needles is relatively large. This not only easily causes wear on the piercing needles and shortens their service life, but also damages the inner surface of the profile, affecting product quality. At the same time, the overall energy consumption of the equipment is relatively large.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this invention is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this invention, and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that such information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine to address the problems existing in current round tube aluminum alloy profile processing equipment.

[0006] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: An aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine includes a frame and a housing on the frame. The housing is filled with a blank. A die and an extruder are respectively provided at both ends of the housing. The blank has a through hole in the center. A piercing needle and a first driving member are provided on the frame. The piercing needle coaxially passes through the through hole and extends into the die. The first driving member is used to move the extruder along the through hole toward the die to extrude the blank from between the die and the piercing needle to form a cylindrical profile. The end of the blank near the die is called the extrusion section. The frame is also provided with a first flow channel and a liquid supply. One end of the first flow channel extends to the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section, and the other end is connected to the liquid supply. Lubricating fluid is present in both the first flow channel and the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section. When the blank is extruded, a first frictional force is applied to the piercing needle. When the first frictional force is greater than a preset value, the liquid supply delivers lubricating fluid into the first flow channel to squeeze the lubricating fluid in the first flow channel to the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section.

[0007] Furthermore, the frame is equipped with an air supply component, and the piercing needle is equipped with a second flow channel. One end of the second flow channel extends into the die head, and the other end is connected to the air supply component. When the billet is extruded, the air supply component injects air into the die head through the second through hole.

[0008] Furthermore, a protective sleeve is provided on the frame, which extends into the through hole and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the piercing needle.

[0009] Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the sheath, and the end of the sheath near the die head is provided with a tapered surface; a second driving member is provided on the frame, which is used to move the sheath along the through hole toward the die head.

[0010] Furthermore, the piercing needle can slide relative to the sheath and an elastic element is provided between the two. The elastic force of the elastic element is used to make the piercing needle tend to move away from the die head. The liquid supply element can be compressed or stretched. When the liquid supply element is compressed, it delivers lubricating fluid into the first flow channel. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element, the piercing needle slides relative to the sheath towards the die head, causing the liquid supply element to be compressed.

[0011] Furthermore, an adjusting component is provided between the air supply component and the second flow channel. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic component, the adjusting component is used to reduce the amount of air supplied by the air supply component into the die head.

[0012] Furthermore, the adjusting component is a bellows. When the piercing needle slides relative to the sheath towards the die head, the piercing needle causes the adjusting component to stretch.

[0013] Furthermore, the elastic element is a disc spring.

[0014] Furthermore, the mold head and the housing are detachably connected.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section lubricates the billet and the piercing needle and reduces the initial friction between them. As the billet is extruded, the lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section is gradually consumed and the initial friction gradually increases. When the initial friction exceeds a preset value, it indicates that the lubrication effect between the billet and the piercing needle is poor. The lubricant supply component delivers lubricant into the first flow channel to squeeze the lubricant in the first flow channel to the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section. This saves lubricant while ensuring the lubrication effect between the billet and the piercing needle, reducing the initial friction between them, reducing the wear of the piercing needle, extending its service life, reducing damage to the inner surface of the profile, improving product quality, and reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Top view; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 6 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point D; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point E in the middle; Figure 10 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a section at point F.

[0017] in: 101. Frame; 102. Housing; 103. Billet; 104. Die head; 105. Extruded part; 106. Piercing needle; 107. First drive component; 108. Third drive component; 201. First flow channel; 202. Liquid supply component; 203. Second flow channel; 204. Sheath; 205. Second drive component; 206. Slide plate; 207. Elastic component; 208. First side hole; 209. Cylinder body; 210. One-way valve; 211. Adjusting component; 212. First disc; 213. Second disc; 301. Inner needle; 302. Spacer; 303. Second side hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0020] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0021] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 7As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine (hereinafter referred to as the extrusion molding machine), including a frame 101 and a housing 102 located on the frame 101. The housing 102 is filled with a blank 103. A die 104 and an extruder 105 are respectively provided at both ends of the housing 102. The die 104 is detachably connected to the housing 102, allowing for the replacement of different dies 104 for use, thus expanding its applicability. The blank 103 has a through hole in its center. A piercing needle 106 and a first driving member 107 are provided on the frame 101. The piercing needle 106 coaxially passes through the through hole and extends into the die 104. The first driving member 107 is used to move the extruder 105 along the through hole toward the die 104, so as to extrude the blank 103 from between the die 104 and the piercing needle 106 to form a cylindrical profile. The end of the blank 103 closest to the die 104 is called the extrusion section. The frame 101 is also provided with a first flow... The first flow channel 201 and the liquid supply component 202 are connected. One end of the first flow channel 201 extends to the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section, and the other end is connected to the liquid supply component 202. The first flow channel 201 and the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section are both filled with lubricating fluid. When the billet 103 is extruded, a first frictional force is applied to the piercing needle 106. When the first frictional force is greater than a preset value, the liquid supply component 202 delivers lubricating fluid into the first flow channel 201 to squeeze the lubricating fluid in the first flow channel 201 to the wall of the through hole of the extrusion section.

[0022] The lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section can lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 and reduce the first friction between them. As the blank 103 is extruded, the lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section is gradually consumed and the first friction gradually increases. When the first friction exceeds the preset value, it indicates that the lubrication effect between the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 is poor. The liquid supply component 202 delivers lubricant into the first flow channel 201 to squeeze the lubricant in the first flow channel 201 to the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section. While saving lubricant, it ensures the lubrication effect between the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106, reduces the first friction between them, reduces the wear of the piercing needle 106, extends its service life, reduces the damage to the inner surface of the profile, improves product quality, and reduces the overall energy consumption of the extrusion molding machine.

[0023] The extrusion molding machine includes a cavity within the housing 102 to hold a cylindrical blank 103. The blank 103 can be made of aluminum alloy, or other materials. The extrusion molding machine may also include a heating unit, a cooling unit, a straightening unit, and a post-processing unit. The heating unit heats the aluminum alloy blank 103 to a suitable temperature. The extruder 105 extrudes the blank 103 to form a cylindrical profile, which is then cooled online by the cooling unit. The straightening unit then straightens the profile to ensure its straightness. The post-processing unit performs surface treatment, cutting to length, and grinding to remove burrs and improve surface quality, ultimately yielding a seamless aluminum alloy cylindrical tube product that meets specifications. The structure and working principle of the extrusion molding machine described above are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0024] The die head 104 has a die hole at its center for the blank 103 to enter. When the extrusion section of the blank 103 is extruded into the die hole, the circular tube-shaped aluminum alloy profile can be obtained in conjunction with the limiting effect of the piercing needle 106.

[0025] It is understood that lubricant is present in the first flow channel 201 and on the walls of the through holes in the extrusion section. Before processing, lubricant is supplied to the first flow channel 201 through the supply component 202 until the entire channel is filled and overflows from one end. The overflowing lubricant contacts the walls of the through holes in the extrusion section to lubricate the billet 103 and the piercing needle 106. During processing, the lubricant on the walls of the through holes in the extrusion section is gradually consumed until the first frictional force exceeds a preset value. The supply component 202 then supplies lubricant to the first flow channel 201 again. The lubricant originally present in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to one end and overflows, contacting the walls of the through holes in the extrusion section to continue lubricating the billet 103 and the piercing needle 106. This cycle repeats, and timely replenishment of lubricant when the actual lubricating fluid is depleted reduces lubricant usage and ensures effective lubrication between the billet 103 and the piercing needle 106.

[0026] Furthermore, the frame 101 is provided with an air supply component (not shown), and the piercing needle 106 is provided with a second flow channel 203. One end of the second flow channel 203 extends into the die head 104, and the other end is connected to the air supply component. When the blank 103 is extruded, the air supply component pressurizes the die head 104 with air through the second through hole.

[0027] As the cylindrical profile gradually takes shape and lengthens, a negative pressure is generated inside the profile at the die head 104. Under the influence of atmospheric pressure outside the profile, this may cause slight deformation of the profile at the die head 104, affecting product quality. The air supply unit of this invention injects air into the die head 104 through a second through-hole, which increases the pressure inside the profile at the die head 104, reduces the deformation of the profile at the die head 104, and improves product quality.

[0028] The air supply component can be an external air supply device, which generally includes components such as an air compressor, a pressure stabilizing / regulating unit, and a flow control unit, used to stably fill the second flow channel 203 with air. Its specific structure and working principle are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0029] Furthermore, a protective sleeve 204 is provided on the frame 101, which extends into the through hole and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the piercing needle 106.

[0030] When the length of the piercing needle 106 used is relatively long, the sheath 204 can provide radial support for the piercing needle 106, ensuring the stability of the piercing needle 106 and the uniformity of the forming of the cylindrical profile. When the length-to-diameter ratio of the ingot used is large, the sheath 204 can ensure that the billet 103 is always compressed along its axial direction, preventing the billet 103 from bending within the housing 102.

[0031] Furthermore, the diameter of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the sheath 204, and the sheath 204 has a tapered surface at one end near the die head 104; a second driving member 205 is provided on the frame 101, and the second driving member 205 is used to move the sheath 204 along the through hole toward the die head 104.

[0032] When the second driving member 205 moves the sheath 204 along the through hole toward the die head 104, it can generate extrusion force on the blank 103, causing the blank 103 to fill the entire internal cavity of the housing 102, thereby radially positioning and supporting the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106. In addition, the conical surface can reduce the force required for the sheath 204 to insert into the through hole, making it easier for the gas in the through hole located in the extrusion section to be discharged from the die head 104, avoiding cracks and bubbles in the profile caused by the gas not being discharged in time, and further improving product quality.

[0033] Before processing, the end of the sheath 204 near the die head 104 is at a certain distance from the die head 104, forming an annular cavity between them. When the extruder 105 moves along the through hole toward the die head 104 to extrude the blank 103, the extruded section of the blank 103 passes through this annular cavity and is extruded between the die head 104 and the piercing needle 106, thereby forming a cylindrical profile. In addition, the sheath 204 includes a conical section and a cylindrical section, the length of which is shorter than the length of the cylindrical section.

[0034] The frame 101 is equipped with a third driving component 108 for driving the housing 102 to move relative to the frame 101. The first driving component 107, the second driving component 205, and the third driving component 108 can all be hydraulic cylinders or electric push rods, and are equipped with corresponding power sources and control modules to control start / stop and extension / retraction strokes. Only one first driving component 107 can be provided, its extension end connected to the extruder 105, allowing the extruder 105 to move along the through hole towards the die head 104. The extruder 105 is disc-shaped, with its outer diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the through hole. Multiple second driving components 205 can be provided, their extension ends all fixed to a sliding plate 206. A protective sleeve 204 is fixed to the center of the sliding plate 206. The extension end of the second driving component 205 can drive the sliding plate 206 and the protective sleeve 204 to move along the through hole towards the die head 104. Multiple third driving components 108 can be provided, their extension ends all connected to the housing 102, for moving the housing 102 relative to the frame 101.

[0035] Furthermore, the piercing needle 106 can slide relative to the sheath 204, and an elastic element 207 is provided between them. The elastic element 207 can be a disc spring, saving installation and usage space, and a small deformation can generate a large elastic force. The elastic force of the elastic element 207 is used to make the piercing needle 106 tend to move away from the die head 104; the liquid supply element 202 can be compressed or stretched, and it delivers lubricating fluid into the first flow channel 201 only when the liquid supply element 202 is compressed; when the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 toward the die head 104, causing the liquid supply element 202 to be compressed.

[0036] Under normal conditions, the elastic element 207 pulls the piercing needle 106, causing it to tend to move away from the die head 104. When the blank 103 is extruded, the blank 103 applies a first frictional force to the piercing needle 106. When the first frictional force is less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 remains stationary. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 towards the die head 104, causing the liquid supply element 202 to be compressed to deliver lubricating fluid into the first flow channel 201. This lubricating fluid in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section to lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106, reducing the first frictional force to less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 away from the die head 104 and resets, causing the liquid supply element 202 to stretch and reset.

[0037] Among them, see Figures 5 to 7The first flow channel 201 is formed inside the piercing needle 106. The end of the piercing needle 106 near the die head 104 has an extension section. The extension section and the piercing needle 106 can be connected by threads. Extension sections of different sizes can be replaced as needed to obtain cylindrical profiles with different inner diameters. The extension section extends into the die hole of the die head 104, and has multiple first side holes 208 that communicate with the first flow channel 201. Lubricating fluid in the first flow channel 201 emerges through the first side holes 208 and contacts the through-hole wall of the extrusion section. The liquid supply component 202 includes a retractable cylinder 209, an external liquid storage device (not shown), and a one-way valve 210. The retraction direction of the cylinder 209 is the axial direction of the through-hole. The cylinder 209 has two liquid interfaces that communicate with its interior. One liquid interface communicates with the first flow channel 201, and the other liquid interface is connected to the external liquid supply device through the one-way valve 210. Before processing, an external fluid supply device can actively supply lubricating fluid to the cylinder 209 and the first flow channel 201 until the lubricating fluid emerges from the first side hole 208 and contacts the through hole wall of the extrusion section. During processing, the lubricating fluid on the through hole wall of the extrusion section can lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 and reduce the first frictional force between them. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 towards the die head 104. Figures 5 to 7 In the middle, the piercing needle 106 moves to the left, driving the cylinder 209 to compress, so as to squeeze the lubricant in the cylinder 209 to the first flow channel 201. The lubricant that was originally in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to one end and contacts the through hole wall of the extrusion section, continuing to lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106.

[0038] Further, see Figure 7 An adjusting member 211 is provided between the air supply component and the second flow channel 203. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member 207, the adjusting member 211 is used to reduce the amount of air supplied by the air supply component into the mold head 104.

[0039] When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides towards the die head 104 relative to the sheath 204. The piercing needle 106 extends into the interior of the cylindrical profile, encroaching on the internal volume of the profile, causing the air pressure inside the profile to rise slightly. Therefore, at this time, the adjusting element 211 needs to reduce the amount of air injected into the die head 104 to ensure that the air pressure inside the profile is basically the same as the external air pressure, reduce the deformation of the profile at the die head 104 caused by continuous air injection into the die head 104, and further improve product quality.

[0040] Furthermore, the adjusting component 211 is a bellows. When the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 toward the direction closer to the die head 104, the piercing needle 106 drives the adjusting component 211 to stretch.

[0041] When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 toward the direction closer to the die head 104, causing the adjusting element 211 to stretch and increase its internal space, storing a portion of the air supply element's inflation volume, thereby reducing the amount of air supplied by the air supply element into the die head 104.

[0042] The slide plate 206 has a first disc 212 fixed on it, and the end of the piercing needle 106 away from the die head 104 has a second disc 213 fixed on it. An adjusting member 211 is disposed between the first disc 212 and the second disc 213 to form a sealed chamber. The first disc 212 has a gas interface that is connected to the gas supply member. When the first frictional force is less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic member 207, the piercing needle 106 is stationary. The gas supplied by the gas supply member enters the chamber of the adjusting member 211 through the gas interface, and then enters the die head 104 through the second flow channel 203, thereby inflating the die head 104 to increase the pressure inside the profile at the die head 104, reduce the deformation of the profile at the die head 104, and improve product quality. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 towards the die head 104. The piercing needle 106 extends into the interior of the cylindrical profile, encroaching on the internal volume of the profile, causing a slight increase in the air pressure inside the profile. Therefore, at this time, the adjusting element 211 needs to reduce the amount of air injected into the die head 104. Specifically, in Figure 7 In the process, as the perforating needle 106 slides to the left, it drives the second disc 213 to move to the left and away from the first disc 212, which increases the volume of the chamber of the adjusting component 211 and stores a portion of the air supply component's inflation volume. This reduces the amount of air supplied to the die head 104 by the air supply component, ensuring that the internal air pressure of the profile is basically the same as the external air pressure. This reduces the deformation of the profile at the die head 104 caused by continuous inflation of air into the die head 104, further improving product quality.

[0043] In other embodiments not shown, the adjusting element 211 may also be a regulating valve. When the piercing needle 106 is stationary, the regulating valve maintains its initial opening. When the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 toward the die head 104, the regulating valve reduces the amount of air supplied to the die head 104 by the air supply element.

[0044] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the heated blank 103 is contained in the housing 102. The telescopic end of the second driving member 205 drives the sliding plate 206, the sheath 204, and the piercing needle 106 to move along the through hole towards the die head 104. The sheath 204 can generate extrusion force on the blank 103, causing the blank 103 to fill the entire internal cavity of the housing 102, thereby radially positioning and supporting the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106, preventing the blank 103 from bending within the housing 102, and ensuring the stability of the piercing needle 106 and the uniformity of the forming of the cylindrical profile. In addition, the conical surface reduces the force required for the sheath 204 to insert into the through hole, making it easier for the gas in the through hole located in the extrusion section to be discharged from the die head 104, preventing cracks and bubbles in the profile caused by the gas not being discharged in time, and further improving product quality. The telescopic end of the first driving component 107 drives the extruder 105 to move along the through hole toward the die head 104. The extruder 105 extrudes the blank 103, which is then extruded through the annular chamber and between the die head 104 and the piercing needle 106, thus forming a cylindrical profile. The formed profile is cooled online by the cooling unit, and then straightened by the straightening unit to ensure the straightness of the profile. After that, the post-processing unit can perform subsequent processes such as surface treatment, cutting to length, and grinding to remove burrs and improve surface quality, finally obtaining a seamless aluminum alloy cylindrical tube product that meets the specifications.

[0045] Before processing, an external fluid supply device can actively supply lubricating fluid to the cylinder 209 and the first flow channel 201 until the lubricating fluid emerges from the first side hole 208 and contacts the through hole wall of the extrusion section. During processing, the lubricating fluid on the through hole wall of the extrusion section can lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 and reduce the first frictional force between them. When the first frictional force is less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 remains stationary. As the blank 103 is extruded, the lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section is gradually consumed, causing the first frictional force to gradually increase. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, it indicates that the lubrication effect between the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 is poor. The piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 towards the die head 104, driving the liquid supply element 202 to compress, so as to squeeze the lubricant in the cylinder 209 to the first flow channel 201. The lubricant originally present in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to one end and contacts the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section, continuing to lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106. While saving lubricant, the lubrication effect between the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 is guaranteed, the first frictional force between the two is reduced, the wear of the piercing needle 106 is reduced, its service life is extended, the damage to the inner surface of the profile is reduced, the product quality is improved, and the overall energy consumption of the equipment is reduced. Until the first frictional force is reduced to less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207, under the action of the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides away from the sheath 204 and resets, and drives the cylinder 209 to stretch and reset.

[0046] As the cylindrical profile gradually takes shape and lengthens, a negative pressure is generated inside the profile at the die head 104. Under the influence of atmospheric pressure outside the profile, this may cause slight deformation of the profile at the die head 104, affecting product quality. When the first frictional force is less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 remains stationary. The air supply unit inflates the die head 104 through the second through hole, which increases the pressure inside the profile at the die head 104, reduces the deformation of the profile at the die head 104, and improves product quality. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the piercing needle 106 slides relative to the sheath 204 towards the die head 104. The piercing needle 106 extends into the interior of the cylindrical profile, encroaching on the internal volume of the profile, causing the internal air pressure of the profile to rise slightly. Therefore, at this time, the adjusting element 211 needs to reduce the amount of air supplied to the die head 104. Specifically, while the piercing needle 106 slides, it drives the second disc 213 away from the first disc 212, increasing the chamber volume of the adjusting element 211 and storing a portion of the air supplied by the air supply element. This reduces the amount of air supplied by the air supply element into the die head 104, ensuring that the internal air pressure of the profile is basically consistent with the external air pressure, reducing the deformation of the profile at the die head 104 caused by continuous air supply, and further improving product quality.

[0047] Example 2 like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an aluminum alloy profile extrusion molding machine, which differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the piercing needle 106 includes an inner needle 301 and a spacer 302. The inner needle 301 is fixed relative to the protective sleeve 204. The spacer 302 is coaxially embedded between the inner needle 301 and the protective sleeve 204. The spacer 302 can slide relative to the inner needle 301 and the protective sleeve 204. An elastic element 207 is disposed between the spacer 302 and the protective sleeve 204. The elastic force of the elastic element 207 is used to make the inner needle 301 tend to move away from the die head 104. When the blank 103 is extruded, a first frictional force is applied to the spacer 302. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the spacer 302 slides relative to the inner needle 301 and the protective sleeve 204 toward the die head 104, thereby driving the liquid supply element 202 to compress.

[0048] Under normal conditions, the first elastic element 207 pulls the inner needle 301, causing it to tend to move away from the die head 104. When the blank 103 is extruded, the blank 103 applies a first frictional force to the spacer 302. When the first frictional force is less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the inner needle 301 remains stationary. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the spacer 302 slides relative to the inner needle 301 and the protective sleeve 204 towards the die head 104. As the blank 103 is extruded, the blank 103 applies a center-directing extrusion force to the spacer 302, causing the spacer 302 to undergo slight deformation and form a cone shape, thereby reducing the contact area between the spacer 302 and the protective sleeve 204 and reducing the first frictional force. Simultaneously, as the spacer 302 slides towards the die head 104 relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204, it also compresses the liquid supply component 202 to deliver lubricant into the first flow channel 201. This further reduces the first frictional force to less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic component 207. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic component 207, the spacer 302 slides away from the die head 104 relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204 to reset, and also pulls the liquid supply component 202 to reset. In addition, when the spacer 302 slides towards the die head 104 relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204, the encroachment of the spacer 302 on the internal volume of the profile is small and negligible. Therefore, at this time, the air supply component only needs to maintain a constant amount of air filling into the die head 104.

[0049] The first flow channel 201 is located within the sheath 204. A second side hole 303, communicating with the first flow channel 201, is also located within the sheath 204. Lubricating fluid from the first flow channel 201 emerges through the second side hole 303, flowing along the outer surface of the spacer 302 and contacting the through-hole wall of the extrusion section. Before processing, an external fluid supply device can actively supply lubricating fluid to the cylinder 209 and the first flow channel 201 until the lubricating fluid emerges from the second side hole 303. The lubricating fluid flows along the outer surface of the spacer 302 and contacts the through-hole wall of the extrusion section. During processing, the lubricating fluid on the through-hole wall of the extrusion section lubricates the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106, reducing the first frictional force between them. When the first frictional force exceeds the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the spacer 302 slides towards the die head 104 relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204. Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the middle, the spacer 302 moves to the left, causing the cylinder 209 to compress, so as to squeeze the lubricant in the cylinder 209 to the first flow channel 201. The lubricant that was originally in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to one end and contacts the through hole wall of the extrusion section, continuing to lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106.

[0050] The second disc 213 is fixed to the end of the spacer 302 away from the die head 104, and the elastic element 207 is disposed between the sheath 204 and the second disc 213. The second disc 213 is provided with a gas interface, which is connected to the gas supply component. During processing, the gas supplied by the gas supply component directly enters the die head 104 through the second flow channel 203, thereby inflating the die head 104 to increase the pressure inside the profile at the die head 104, reduce the deformation of the profile at the die head 104, and improve product quality. Regardless of the magnitude of the first frictional force, the gas supply component maintains a constant amount of air supplied to the die head 104, therefore, there is no need to provide an adjusting component 211.

[0051] In the second embodiment of the present invention, the difference from the first embodiment is that, before processing, the external liquid supply device can actively supply lubricating fluid to the cylinder 209 and the first flow channel 201 until the lubricating fluid emerges from the second side hole 303. The lubricating fluid flows along the outer surface of the spacer 302 and contacts the through hole wall of the extrusion section. During processing, the lubricating fluid on the through hole wall of the extrusion section can lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 and reduce the first frictional force between them. As the blank 103 is extruded, the lubricant on the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section is gradually consumed, causing the first frictional force to gradually increase. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element 207, it indicates that the lubrication effect between the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106 is poor. The spacer 302 slides relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204 towards the die head 104, driving the cylinder 209 to compress, so as to squeeze the lubricant in the cylinder 209 to the first flow channel 201. The lubricant originally present in the first flow channel 201 is squeezed to one end and contacts the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section, continuing to lubricate the blank 103 and the piercing needle 106, so that the first frictional force is further reduced to less than or equal to the elastic force of the elastic element 207. Under the action of the elastic force of the elastic element 207, the spacer 302 slides relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204 away from the die head 104 and resets, and drives the cylinder 209 to stretch and reset.

[0052] Furthermore, when the spacer 302 slides towards the die head 104 relative to the inner needle 301 and the sheath 204, the encroachment of the spacer 302 on the internal volume of the profile is small and negligible. Therefore, at this time, the air supply component only needs to keep the amount of air supplied into the die head 104 constant. In other words, during processing, the gas supplied by the air supply component directly enters the die head 104 through the second flow channel 203, thereby filling the die head 104 with air to increase the pressure inside the profile at the die head 104, reduce the deformation of the profile at the die head 104, and improve product quality. Regardless of the magnitude of the first friction force, the air supply component keeps the amount of air supplied into the die head 104 constant.

[0053] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine, characterized in that, The device includes a frame and a housing on the frame. The housing is filled with a blank. A die and an extruder are located at opposite ends of the housing. The blank has a through hole in its center. A piercing needle and a first driving component are mounted on the frame. The piercing needle coaxially passes through the through hole and extends into the die. The first driving component moves the extruder along the through hole toward the die to extrude the blank between the die and the piercing needle to form a cylindrical profile. The end of the blank closest to the die is called the extrusion section. The frame also includes a first flow channel and a liquid supply component. One end of the first flow channel extends to the wall of the through hole in the extrusion section, and the other end communicates with the liquid supply component. The first flow channel and the extruder... The walls of the through holes in the pressing section are all coated with lubricant; a protective sleeve is provided on the frame, which extends into the through hole and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the piercing needle; the piercing needle can slide relative to the protective sleeve and an elastic element is provided between the two, the elastic force of the elastic element is used to make the piercing needle tend to move away from the die head; the liquid supply element can be compressed or stretched, and when the blank is extruded, a first frictional force is applied to the piercing needle. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element, the piercing needle slides relative to the protective sleeve toward the die head, driving the liquid supply element to compress and deliver lubricant into the first flow channel, so as to squeeze the lubricant in the first flow channel to the through hole wall of the extrusion section.

2. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame is equipped with an air supply component, and the piercing needle has a second flow channel. One end of the second flow channel extends into the die head, and the other end is connected to the air supply component. When the billet is extruded, the air supply component fills the die head with air through the second through hole.

3. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The diameter of the through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the sheath, and the end of the sheath near the die head is provided with a tapered surface; a second driving component is provided on the frame, which is used to move the sheath along the through hole toward the die head.

4. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, An adjusting component is provided between the air supply component and the second flow channel. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic component, the adjusting component is used to reduce the amount of air supplied by the air supply component into the die head.

5. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjusting component is a bellows. When the piercing needle slides relative to the sheath towards the die head, the piercing needle causes the adjusting component to stretch.

6. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piercing needle includes an inner needle and a spacer. The inner needle and the sheath are fixed relative to each other. The spacer is coaxially embedded between the inner needle and the sheath and can slide relative to the inner needle and the sheath. An elastic element is disposed between the spacer and the sheath. The elastic force of the elastic element is used to make the inner needle tend to move away from the die head. When the blank is extruded, a first frictional force is applied to the spacer. When the first frictional force is greater than the elastic force of the elastic element, the spacer slides relative to the inner needle and the sheath towards the die head, driving the liquid supply element to compress.

7. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic element is a disc spring.

8. The aluminum alloy profile extrusion forming machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mold head and the housing are detachably connected.

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