Mountainous agricultural waste anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process control system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of waste treatment technology, and more particularly to a control system for an anaerobic-aerobic co-fermentation process of agricultural waste in mountainous areas. The system includes: an anaerobic fermentation module for anaerobic fermentation of waste materials and separation of the fermentation products to obtain a first fermentation raw material; a raw material analysis module for determining a raw material deviation coefficient based on first and second raw material parameters to determine initial aerobic fermentation control parameters; an aerobic control module for feeding the first and second fermentation raw materials into the aerobic fermentation equipment according to a preset ratio and conducting aerobic fermentation based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters; and an analysis and adjustment module for determining whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard and determining the control adjustment method based on the determination result. This invention can improve the efficiency and stability of anaerobic-aerobic co-fermentation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste treatment technology, and in particular to a control system for an anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process for agricultural waste in mountainous areas. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, agriculture in mountainous areas of my country has been mainly based on a decentralized integrated farming model, with edible mushroom cultivation and small-scale livestock and poultry farming being important sources of income for local farmers. However, the ecological environment in mountainous areas is relatively fragile, and the capacity for agricultural waste treatment lags far behind the scale of production. Large quantities of waste mushroom substrate generated during cultivation are carelessly discarded in fields, ditches, and waterways. The plastic outer layer of these substrates is difficult to degrade, and the rotting substrate breeds mosquitoes and flies, while leachate pollutes surface water. Wastewater and animal urine generated during livestock farming are often directly discharged into waterways due to a lack of centralized treatment facilities, leading to excessive levels of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen in water quality sections, thus threatening the water quality safety of the Yellow River's main stream. How to efficiently and cost-effectively treat these scattered, complex, and highly variable organic wastes has become an urgent need for the green development of agriculture in mountainous areas.

[0003] Currently, the industry has gradually adopted a combined anaerobic and aerobic fermentation process to treat agricultural organic waste. Anaerobic fermentation is used to treat livestock urine and sewage to render them harmless. Then, the biogas residue is combined with bacterial residue, chicken manure, etc., and aerobic fermentation is used to prepare organic fertilizer. However, the existing processes and control systems still have significant shortcomings and are difficult to adapt to the decentralized, multi-category, and highly fluctuating waste treatment scenarios in mountainous areas. For example, during anaerobic fermentation, changes in parameters directly reflect the activity of microorganisms and the degree of fermentation. However, existing systems mostly use periodic sampling and offline testing. Operators judge whether to discharge based on experience, which can easily lead to premature discharge (when organic matter is not fully degraded) or delayed discharge (when the gas production rate decreases and the tank capacity is still occupied). Aerobic fermentation also lacks real-time closed-loop control of fermentation parameters. Operations such as ventilation and water replenishment rely on manual inspection, resulting in slow response times. Especially in mountainous areas with large diurnal temperature differences and low winter temperatures, the fermentation process is easily inhibited. It is impossible to dynamically determine the stable state of fermentation based on real-time process parameters, which can easily lead to fermentation instability problems such as local anaerobic digestion, burning, and excessively rapid cooling. This results in incomplete harmlessness and substandard decomposition, making it difficult to stably produce organic fertilizer that meets the standards. Consequently, it is difficult to guarantee the efficiency of anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation, and the fermentation stability is insufficient.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN118833984A discloses an integrated anaerobic-aerobic fermentation process for high-solids-content organic solid waste, comprising: precisely compounding organic solid waste according to its organic components, anaerobic fermentation to obtain methane-rich biogas and anaerobic fermentation residue; and mixing the anaerobic fermentation residue with auxiliary materials for aerobic fermentation to form organic fertilizer.

[0005] The existing technology has the following problems: it does not monitor the anaerobic fermentation process and the aerobic fermentation process in real time, it cannot adjust the fermentation process parameters in real time according to the changes in the fermentation process, it is difficult to ensure the stability of the fermentation process, and the fermentation efficiency is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, this invention provides a control system for anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation of agricultural waste in mountainous areas, which overcomes the problems of existing technologies that do not monitor the anaerobic and aerobic fermentation processes in real time, cannot adjust the fermentation process parameters in real time according to changes in the fermentation process, are difficult to guarantee the stability of the fermentation process, and have low fermentation efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a control system for an anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process of agricultural waste in mountainous areas, comprising: The anaerobic fermentation module is used to perform anaerobic fermentation on waste raw materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, and to determine the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value according to the changes in anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process. If the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard, the fermented products are separated to obtain the first fermentation raw material. The raw material analysis module is used to obtain the first raw material parameters corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameters corresponding to the second fermentation raw material, and to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first raw material parameters and the second raw material parameters, so as to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters. An aerobic control module is used to input the first fermentation raw material and the second fermentation raw material into an aerobic fermentation device according to a preset ratio, and to carry out aerobic fermentation based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, and to obtain aerobic fermentation process parameters during the aerobic fermentation process, wherein the aerobic fermentation process parameters include aerobic fermentation temperature and aerobic fermentation moisture content. The analysis and adjustment module is used to determine fermentation stability characterization values ​​based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a first preset time period, to determine whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard, and to determine the control and adjustment methods based on the determination results, including... The target aerobic fermentation control parameters are determined based on the fermentation stability characterization values ​​and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters. Furthermore, fermentation change characterization values ​​are determined based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a second preset time period, so as to adjust the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0008] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation module includes: Anaerobic fermentation equipment is used to anaerobic ferment waste materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters; The anaerobic monitoring unit is used to monitor the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure inside the anaerobic fermentation equipment in real time during the anaerobic fermentation process. The anaerobic analysis unit is used to identify several key anaerobic fermentation nodes based on the changes in anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process, and to determine the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value based on the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure of each key anaerobic fermentation node, so as to determine whether it meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard. The product separation unit is used to separate the fermented products to obtain the first fermentation raw material, provided that the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard.

[0009] Furthermore, the raw material analysis module includes: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the first raw material parameter corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameter corresponding to the second fermentation raw material. The first raw material analysis unit is used to determine the first deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the first raw material parameters and the first preset parameters. The second raw material analysis unit is used to determine the second deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the second raw material parameters and the second preset parameters. The parameter analysis unit is used to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first deviation characterization value and the second deviation characterization value, and to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the raw material deviation coefficient and the preset aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0010] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines the fermentation stability characterization value based on the temperature stability index and the moisture content stability index, wherein, The temperature stability index is determined based on the temperature changes during the first preset time period. The moisture content stability index is determined based on the changes in moisture content during aerobic fermentation within a first preset time period.

[0011] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard based on the comparison result between the fermentation stability characterization value and the preset stability characterization value.

[0012] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment method as the first adjustment method based on the first determination result, wherein, The first determination result is that the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard; The first adjustment method is to determine the target aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the fermentation stability characterization value and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0013] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment method as the second adjustment method based on the second determination result, wherein, The second determination result is that the aerobic fermentation process does not meet the expected fermentation stability standard; The second adjustment method is to determine the fermentation change characterization value based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a second preset time period, so as to adjust the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0014] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines the fermentation adjustment coefficient based on the comparison between the fermentation stability characterization value and the preset stability characterization value, and determines the target aerobic fermentation control parameter based on the fermentation adjustment coefficient and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameter.

[0015] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module divides the second preset time period into several time segments, determines key time segments based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within each time segment, and determines fermentation change characterization values ​​based on the aerobic fermentation process parameters within the key time segments.

[0016] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment coefficient based on the comparison result between the fermentation change characterization value and the preset change characterization value, and adjusts the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the control adjustment coefficient.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By setting up an anaerobic fermentation module and executing anaerobic fermentation according to preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, the fermentation environment can be stably maintained. Real-time monitoring and analysis of anaerobic fermentation pressure changes during the fermentation process determine the degree of anaerobic fermentation, enabling real-time and quantitative judgment of the fermentation process. This allows for precise determination of the anaerobic fermentation endpoint, avoiding under- or over-fermentation, and improving the efficiency and stability of the harmless treatment of waste materials such as urine and sewage. After meeting the expected anaerobic fermentation standards, the fermentation products are separated, reducing the risk of secondary pollution and ensuring the stability of the first fermentation raw material's quality. By setting up a raw material analysis module, the characteristics of raw materials can be quickly quantified, and the deviation coefficient of raw material can be calculated. This quantifies the fluctuation of raw material components, enabling accurate identification and scientific matching of raw material characteristics. Initial aerobic fermentation control parameters can be optimized in advance based on the raw material deviation coefficient, reducing the difficulty of later control, improving fermentation stability and efficiency, and ensuring consistent product quality. By setting up an aerobic control module, materials are precisely fed according to a preset ratio, ensuring uniform mixing and stable feeding of the first and second fermentation raw materials, providing a uniform reaction environment for aerobic fermentation. Fermentation is started based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, resulting in a smooth start-up and improved fermentation stability and efficiency. By setting up an analysis and adjustment module, the fermentation stability characterization value is determined based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a first preset time period. This determines whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard, enabling precise identification of the fermentation state. Based on the judgment result, the control and adjustment method is dynamically determined. This allows for stable optimization under the condition that the fermentation stability standard is met, improving fermentation efficiency. Under the condition that the fermentation stability standard is not met, dynamic correction is performed to avoid fermentation imbalance, ensuring the stability of the fermentation process and guaranteeing the fermentation effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation module of this invention, by setting up anaerobic fermentation equipment and performing anaerobic fermentation on waste raw materials according to preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, can provide a stable reaction environment and achieve continuous, efficient, and harmless treatment of waste raw materials. By setting up an anaerobic monitoring unit, the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure within the anaerobic fermentation equipment is monitored in real time, providing data support for subsequent analysis. By setting up an anaerobic analysis unit, key anaerobic fermentation nodes are accurately identified based on real-time gas pressure changes, providing a structured basis for quantifying the degree of fermentation. By comprehensively considering the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure at each key anaerobic fermentation node, the characterization value of the degree of anaerobic fermentation is determined, avoiding misjudgments caused by relying solely on a single time point or instantaneous value, thus improving the accuracy of judgment. By setting up a product separation unit, solid-liquid separation is automatically performed after fermentation reaches the target, providing a reliable first fermentation raw material for subsequent aerobic fermentation, achieving efficient connection of the anaerobic-aerobic combined process.

[0019] Furthermore, the raw material analysis module of this invention acquires the raw material parameters of the first and second fermentation raw materials through a parameter acquisition unit, providing data support for subsequent raw material deviation analysis and dynamic adjustment of fermentation parameters. By setting up the first raw material analysis unit, the first raw material parameters are quantitatively analyzed to determine the first deviation characterization value. By setting up the second raw material analysis unit, the second raw material parameters are quantitatively analyzed to determine the second deviation characterization value. This allows for precise quantification of the deviation degree of each raw material from the preset standard, enabling independent identification and refined evaluation of deviations in single raw materials, and avoiding analysis errors caused by mixing multiple raw materials. By setting up the parameter analysis unit, the raw material deviation coefficient is obtained by fusing the dual deviation characterization values. This coefficient comprehensively reflects the overall material fluctuation range and adaptability. Based on the raw material deviation coefficient, the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters are automatically corrected and determined, optimizing fermentation conditions in advance, thereby improving fermentation stability and ensuring fermentation results.

[0020] Furthermore, the analysis and adjustment module of this invention calculates fermentation stability characterization values ​​based on temperature stability index and moisture content stability index, respectively. It can quantitatively evaluate the aerobic fermentation stability in the early stage of fermentation from two core dimensions: aerobic fermentation temperature and aerobic fermentation moisture content. By comparing the fermentation stability characterization value with the preset stability characterization value, the aerobic fermentation stability state can be automatically determined, and it can quickly determine whether the fermentation process is in a normal and controllable range, providing a clear basis for subsequent regulation.

[0021] Furthermore, when the fermentation process meets the stability criteria, the analysis and adjustment module of this invention employs a first adjustment method. Based on the fermentation stability characterization value and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, it determines the target aerobic fermentation control parameters to achieve a smooth transition and precise continued control. This further optimizes the process and improves fermentation efficiency while maintaining fermentation stability. When the fermentation process does not meet the stability criteria, a second adjustment method is adopted. Based on the changes in process parameters within a second preset time period, it determines the fermentation change characterization value. This method can accurately capture abnormal fermentation trends and fluctuation amplitudes, enabling early identification and intervention of abnormal states, preventing fermentation deterioration, and adjusting the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters to improve the stability of the fermentation process. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of the anaerobic fermentation module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the raw material analysis module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a logic diagram for determining the control adjustment method in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the anaerobic-aerobic co-fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a anaerobic-aerobic co-fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas, comprising: The anaerobic fermentation module is used to perform anaerobic fermentation on waste raw materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, and to determine the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value according to the changes in anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process. If the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard, the fermented products are separated to obtain the first fermentation raw material. Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of an anaerobic fermentation module according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation module includes: Anaerobic fermentation equipment is used to anaerobic ferment waste materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters; In implementation, the specific structure of the anaerobic fermentation equipment is not limited; for example, it can be an anaerobic fermentation tank. The waste materials include animal urine, livestock flushing wastewater, and a small amount of wet manure. The solid content of the waste materials is set at 15%–20%, preferably 18%. Preset anaerobic fermentation parameters include anaerobic fermentation temperature and anaerobic fermentation pH. Practitioners can set these parameters based on the average values ​​of anaerobic fermentation parameters that have passed qualification tests in historical data, or they can be set based on actual conditions. Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation temperature range is 35℃–38℃, and the anaerobic fermentation pH range is 6.8–7.2.

[0026] An anaerobic monitoring unit, which is connected to the anaerobic fermentation equipment, is used to monitor the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure inside the anaerobic fermentation equipment in real time during the anaerobic fermentation process. In practice, there are no specific limitations on the equipment structure for monitoring the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure inside the anaerobic fermentation equipment. For example, capacitive pressure transmitters, diffused silicon pressure transmitters, and differential pressure transmitters can be used. Multiple monitoring points can be set inside the tank. For example, one can be set at the center of the tank top, three can be evenly set at the edge of the tank top, and three to five can be set on the tank wall (above the surface of the raw material). For any collection time point, the average gas pressure of each monitoring point is taken as the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure corresponding to that collection time point.

[0027] The anaerobic analysis unit, which is connected to the anaerobic monitoring unit, is used to determine several key anaerobic fermentation nodes based on the changes in anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process, and to determine the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value based on the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure of each key anaerobic fermentation node, so as to determine whether it meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard. In implementation, an anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change curve is constructed based on the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process. The curve uses the data collection time as the independent variable and the corresponding anaerobic fermentation gas pressure as the dependent variable. The slope at each time point is calculated as the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change rate. For any given time point, if the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change rate is less than the preset pressure change rate, that time point is determined as a critical anaerobic fermentation node. The anaerobic fermentation gas pressures YJ1, YJ2, ..., YJ at each critical anaerobic fermentation node are... i , ..., YJ n Then the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value YS=(∑ n i=1 (YJ i -(∑ n i=1 YJ i ) / n) 2 ) / n, where i=1,2,…,n; n is the number of key anaerobic fermentation nodes. The anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value is compared with the preset fermentation degree characterization value. If the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value is less than the preset fermentation degree characterization value, it is determined that it meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard. If the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value is greater than or equal to the preset fermentation degree characterization value, it is determined that it does not meet the expected anaerobic fermentation standard. The actual implementers can set the preset gas pressure change rate based on the actual situation or the average anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change rate when the expected anaerobic fermentation standard has passed the qualification test in historical data. The actual implementers can set the preset fermentation degree characterization value based on the actual situation or the average anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value when the expected anaerobic fermentation standard has passed the qualification test in historical data.

[0028] The product separation unit is connected to the anaerobic analysis unit and the anaerobic fermentation equipment, respectively, and is used to separate the fermented products to obtain the first fermentation raw material under the condition that the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard.

[0029] In practice, the fermentation products include biogas, biogas slurry, and biogas residue. Generally, biogas is output through the gas pipeline of the anaerobic fermentation equipment, and biogas slurry and biogas residue can be separated by solid-liquid separation equipment, such as pressing or centrifugation, and the biogas residue is used as the first fermentation raw material.

[0030] It is understandable that if the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value does not meet the expected anaerobic fermentation standard, anaerobic fermentation will continue, and the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure will be monitored in real time to redetermine the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value.

[0031] Specifically, the anaerobic fermentation module of this invention, by setting up anaerobic fermentation equipment and performing anaerobic fermentation on waste materials according to preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, can provide a stable reaction environment and achieve continuous, efficient, and harmless treatment of waste materials. By setting up an anaerobic monitoring unit, the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure within the anaerobic fermentation equipment is monitored in real time, providing data support for subsequent analysis. By setting up an anaerobic analysis unit, key anaerobic fermentation nodes are accurately identified based on real-time gas pressure changes, providing a structured basis for quantifying the degree of fermentation. By comprehensively considering the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure at each key anaerobic fermentation node, the characterization value of the degree of anaerobic fermentation is determined, avoiding misjudgments caused by relying solely on a single time point or instantaneous value, thus improving the accuracy of judgment. By setting up a product separation unit, solid-liquid separation is automatically performed after fermentation reaches the target, providing a reliable first fermentation material for subsequent aerobic fermentation, achieving efficient connection of the anaerobic-aerobic combined process.

[0032] The raw material analysis module, which is connected to the anaerobic fermentation module, is used to obtain the first raw material parameters corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameters corresponding to the second fermentation raw material, and to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first raw material parameters and the second raw material parameters, so as to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters. Please see Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the raw material analysis module according to an embodiment of the present invention; specifically, the raw material analysis module includes: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the first raw material parameter corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameter corresponding to the second fermentation raw material. In practice, the raw material parameters include moisture content, average particle size, and bulk density. The collected mushroom residue and dry manure are crushed and mixed to obtain the second fermentation raw material. The mushroom residue is the discarded mushroom sticks of edible fungi such as wood ear, shiitake mushroom and oyster mushroom, and the dry manure is the manure of scattered livestock, including chicken manure and cow manure.

[0033] The first raw material analysis unit is used to determine the first deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the first raw material parameters and the first preset parameters. In implementation, the difference between the first moisture content and the first preset moisture content is defined as the first moisture content difference, the ratio of the first moisture content difference to the first preset moisture content is defined as the first moisture content index, the difference between the first average particle size and the first preset average particle size is defined as the first average particle size difference, the ratio of the first average particle size difference to the first preset average particle size is defined as the first average particle size index, the difference between the first bulk density and the first preset bulk density is defined as the first bulk density difference, and the ratio of the first bulk density difference to the first preset bulk density is defined as the first bulk density index. Then, the first deviation characterization value YH = a1×A1 + a2×A2 + a3×A3, where A1 is the first moisture content index, A2 is the first average particle size index, and A3 is the first bulk density index. a1, a2, and a3 are the corresponding weighting coefficients, which can be set by the implementers based on the actual situation. a1 + a2 + a3 = 1, preferably a1 = 0.4, a2 = 0.3, and a3 = 0.3. The implementers can set the first preset moisture content based on the average moisture content of the first fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data. The implementers can set the first preset average particle size based on the average particle size of the first fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data. The implementers can set the first preset bulk density based on the average bulk density of the first fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data.

[0034] The second raw material analysis unit is used to determine the second deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the second raw material parameters and the second preset parameters. In implementation, the difference between the second moisture content and the second preset moisture content is defined as the second moisture content difference, the ratio of the second moisture content difference to the second preset moisture content is defined as the second moisture content index, the difference between the second average particle size and the second preset average particle size is defined as the second average particle size difference, the ratio of the second average particle size difference to the second preset average particle size is defined as the second average particle size index, the difference between the second bulk density and the second preset bulk density is defined as the second bulk density difference, and the ratio of the second bulk density difference to the second preset bulk density is defined as the second bulk density index. Then, the second deviation characterization value EH = b1×B1 + b2×B2 + b3×B3, where B1 is the second moisture content index, B2 is the second average particle size index, and B3 is the second bulk density index. b1, b2, and b3 are the corresponding weighting coefficients, which can be set by the implementers based on the actual situation. b1 + b2 + b3 = 1, preferably b1 = 0.4, b2 = 0.3, and b3 = 0.3. The implementers can set a second preset moisture content based on the average moisture content of the second fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data. The implementers can set a second preset average particle size based on the average particle size of the second fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data. The implementers can set a second preset bulk density based on the average bulk density of the second fermentation raw materials that have passed the qualification test in the actual situation or historical data.

[0035] The parameter analysis unit is used to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first deviation characterization value and the second deviation characterization value, and to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the raw material deviation coefficient and the preset aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0036] In implementation, the raw material deviation coefficient PC = p1 × YH + p2 × EH, where p1 and p2 are the corresponding weight coefficients. The implementers can set them based on the actual situation. p1 + p2 = 1, preferably p1 = 0.4 and p2 = 0.6.

[0037] It is understood that aerobic fermentation control parameters include the fermenting agent input ratio, ventilation intensity, and aerobic fermentation pH. The fermenting agent can be a cellulose-degrading agent, an organic material composting agent, etc., to accelerate composting. The initial aerobic fermentation control parameters are determined by multiplying the raw material deviation coefficient by the preset aerobic fermentation control parameters. For example, the initial fermenting agent input ratio is determined by multiplying the raw material deviation coefficient by the preset fermenting agent input ratio, the initial ventilation intensity is determined by multiplying the raw material deviation coefficient by the preset ventilation intensity, and the initial aerobic fermentation pH is determined by multiplying the raw material deviation coefficient by the preset aerobic fermentation pH. Practitioners can set the preset aerobic fermentation control parameters based on actual conditions. Preferably, the preset fermenting agent input ratio is set to a range of (0.9~1):1000, and the preset ventilation intensity is set to a range of 0.3m.3 空气 / (h·m 3 物料 )~0.5m 3 空气 / (h·m 3 物料 The preset aerobic fermentation pH is 7.2–7.4.

[0038] Specifically, the raw material analysis module of this invention acquires raw material parameters of the first and second fermentation raw materials through a parameter acquisition unit, providing data support for subsequent raw material deviation analysis and dynamic adjustment of fermentation parameters. By setting up the first raw material analysis unit, the first raw material parameters are quantitatively analyzed to determine the first deviation characterization value. By setting up the second raw material analysis unit, the second raw material parameters are quantitatively analyzed to determine the second deviation characterization value. This allows for precise quantification of the deviation degree of each raw material from the preset standard, enabling independent identification and refined evaluation of deviations in single raw materials, avoiding analysis errors caused by mixing multiple raw materials. By setting up the parameter analysis unit, the raw material deviation coefficient is obtained by fusing the dual deviation characterization values. This coefficient comprehensively reflects the overall material fluctuation range and adaptability. Based on the raw material deviation coefficient, the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters are automatically corrected and determined, optimizing fermentation conditions in advance, improving fermentation stability, and ensuring fermentation effectiveness.

[0039] An aerobic control module, connected to the raw material analysis module, is used to input the first fermentation raw material and the second fermentation raw material into the aerobic fermentation equipment according to a preset ratio, and to carry out aerobic fermentation based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, and to obtain aerobic fermentation process parameters during the aerobic fermentation process, wherein the aerobic fermentation process parameters include aerobic fermentation temperature and aerobic fermentation moisture content. In practice, the first fermentation raw material and the second fermentation raw material are put into the aerobic fermentation equipment according to a preset ratio. Preferably, the preset ratio (mass ratio) is set to a range of 1:(0.7 to 0.8), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials in the aerobic fermentation equipment is (25 to 30):1 and the moisture content is 50% to 55%.

[0040] It is understood that the specific structure of the aerobic fermentation equipment, such as an aerobic fermentation tank, is not limited. Similarly, the specific equipment and methods for obtaining the aerobic fermentation temperature and moisture content are not limited, as this is existing technology.

[0041] The analysis and adjustment module, which is connected to both the raw material analysis module and the aerobic control module, is used to determine fermentation stability characterization values ​​based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a first preset time period, to determine whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard, and to determine the control adjustment method based on the determination result. This includes determining target aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the fermentation stability characterization values ​​and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, and determining fermentation change characterization values ​​based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a second preset time period, so as to adjust the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0042] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines the fermentation stability characterization value based on the temperature stability index and the moisture content stability index, wherein the temperature stability index is determined based on the aerobic fermentation temperature change within the first preset time period; and the moisture content stability index is determined based on the aerobic fermentation moisture content change within the first preset time period.

[0043] In implementation, the aerobic fermentation temperature TY = (TY1, TY2, ..., TY) within the first preset time period. j , ..., TY m If the temperature stability index TW = 1 / (1+r×TR), then j = 1, 2, ..., m; m is the number of data collections within the first preset time period, and TR = sqrt((∑ m j=1 (TY j -avg(TY)) 2 ) / (m-1)) / avg(TY), where r is the sensitivity coefficient corresponding to the aerobic fermentation temperature, preferably r=5, sqrt() is the preset square root determination function; avg() is the preset average value determination function; the aerobic fermentation moisture content SY in the first preset time period is SY=(SY1, SY2, ..., SY j , ..., SY m If the water content stability index SW = 1 / (1+t×SR), then SR = sqrt((∑ m j=1 (SY j -avg(SY)) 2 ) / (m-1)) / avg(SY), where t is the sensitivity coefficient corresponding to the moisture content of aerobic fermentation. The tolerance for fluctuations in moisture content during aerobic fermentation is slightly higher than that for aerobic fermentation temperature. Preferably, t=3. Practitioners can set a first preset time period based on actual conditions. Preferably, the first preset time period is set to a range of 24h to 48h, and the sampling interval is set to a range of 3min to 5min.

[0044] It is understandable that the fermentation stability characterization value FW = q1 × TW + q2 × SW, where q1 and q2 are the corresponding weight coefficients, which can be set by the implementers based on the actual situation. q1 + q2 = 1, preferably q1 = 0.4 and q2 = 0.6.

[0045] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard based on the comparison between the fermentation stability characterization value and the preset stability characterization value.

[0046] During implementation, if the fermentation stability characterization value is greater than the preset stability characterization value, the aerobic fermentation process is determined to meet the expected fermentation stability standard. If the fermentation stability characterization value is less than or equal to the preset stability characterization value, the aerobic fermentation process is determined to not meet the expected fermentation stability standard. Practitioners can set the preset stability characterization value based on the actual situation or the average of fermentation stability characterization values ​​that have passed compliance tests and met the expected fermentation stability standard from historical data.

[0047] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module of this invention calculates fermentation stability characterization values ​​based on temperature stability index and moisture content stability index, respectively. It can quantitatively evaluate the aerobic fermentation stability in the early stage of fermentation from two core dimensions: aerobic fermentation temperature and aerobic fermentation moisture content. By comparing the fermentation stability characterization value with the preset stability characterization value, the aerobic fermentation stability state can be automatically determined, and it can quickly determine whether the fermentation process is in a normal and controllable range, providing a clear basis for subsequent regulation.

[0048] Please see Figure 4 As shown, it is a logic judgment diagram for determining the control adjustment method in an embodiment of the present invention; specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment method as the first adjustment method based on the first judgment result, wherein the first judgment result is that the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard; the first adjustment method is to determine the target aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the fermentation stability characterization value and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0049] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines the fermentation adjustment coefficient based on the comparison between the fermentation stability characterization value and the preset stability characterization value, and determines the target aerobic fermentation control parameter based on the fermentation adjustment coefficient and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameter.

[0050] In implementation, the ratio of the fermentation stability characterization value to the preset stability characterization value is determined as the fermentation adjustment coefficient. Generally, the preset stability characterization value ranges from 0.9 to 0.95, and the fermentation stability characterization value ranges from 0 to 1. In the first judgment result, if the fermentation stability characterization value is greater than the preset stability characterization value, the fermentation adjustment coefficient will not be too large. Therefore, the target aerobic fermentation control parameter can be determined by multiplying the fermentation adjustment coefficient by the initial aerobic fermentation control parameter, allowing for appropriate adjustments while maintaining fermentation stability. Specifically, the target fermentation agent input ratio is determined by multiplying the fermentation adjustment coefficient by the initial fermentation agent input ratio; the target ventilation intensity is determined by multiplying the fermentation adjustment coefficient by the initial ventilation intensity; and the target aerobic fermentation pH is determined by multiplying the fermentation adjustment coefficient by the initial aerobic fermentation pH. In practical applications, the target fermentation agent input ratio can be set to (0.8–1.1):1000, and the target ventilation intensity can be set to 0.1m. 3 空气 / (h·m 3 物料 )~0.7m 3 空气 / (h·m 3 物料 The target aerobic fermentation pH index can be set to 7.02–7.5. That is, when calculating the target aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the fermentation adjustment coefficient and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, if the calculated parameters exceed the index range, the index boundary shall prevail. For example, if the calculated target fermentation agent input ratio is 0.7:1000, then the target fermentation agent input ratio shall be determined as 0.8:1000; if the calculated target fermentation agent input ratio is 1.2:1000, then the target fermentation agent input ratio shall be determined as 1.1:1000.

[0051] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment method as a second adjustment method based on the second determination result, wherein the second determination result is that the aerobic fermentation process does not meet the expected fermentation stability standard; the second adjustment method is to determine the fermentation change characterization value based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a second preset time period, so as to adjust the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

[0052] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module divides the second preset time period into several time segments, determines key time segments based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within each time segment, and determines fermentation change characterization values ​​based on the aerobic fermentation process parameters within the key time segments.

[0053] Specifically, the analysis and adjustment module determines the control adjustment coefficient based on the comparison between the fermentation change characterization value and the preset change characterization value, and adjusts the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the control adjustment coefficient.

[0054] In implementation, the second preset time period is shorter than the first preset time period. Implementers can set the second preset time period based on actual conditions. Preferably, the second preset time period ranges from 3 hours to 5 hours. The number of time segments can be set to 10 to 15. For any given time segment, with time as the independent variable and aerobic fermentation process parameters as the dependent variable, corresponding aerobic fermentation process curves are constructed. The slope at each position of any curve is calculated. If there is a duration where the slope is greater than the preset slope and the duration is greater than the preset duration, then that time segment is determined as a critical time segment. Implementers can set the preset slope based on the maximum slope of aerobic fermentation process curves that meet the expected fermentation stability standards in actual conditions or historical data. Implementers can also set the preset duration based on actual conditions or 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the time segment. For any key time segment, the ratio of the minimum aerobic fermentation temperature to the maximum aerobic fermentation temperature within that key time segment is determined as the temperature change characterization value corresponding to that key time segment. The average of the temperature change characterization values ​​corresponding to each key time segment is determined as the aerobic fermentation temperature change index. For any key time segment, the ratio of the minimum aerobic fermentation moisture content to the maximum aerobic fermentation moisture content within that key time segment is determined as the moisture content change characterization value corresponding to that key time segment. The average of the moisture content change characterization values ​​corresponding to each key time segment is determined as the aerobic fermentation moisture content change index. Then, the fermentation change characterization value FP = q1 × F1 + q2 × F2, where F1 is the aerobic fermentation temperature change index and F2 is the aerobic fermentation moisture content change index.

[0055] Understandably, the ratio of the fermentation change characterization value to the preset change characterization value is determined as the control adjustment coefficient, and the product of the control adjustment coefficient and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameter is determined as the adjusted initial aerobic fermentation control parameter. Practitioners can set the preset change characterization value based on the average fermentation change characterization value when the aerobic fermentation process that passed the qualification test meets the expected fermentation stability standard, either from actual conditions or historical data.

[0056] Specifically, when the fermentation process meets the stability criteria, the analysis and adjustment module of this invention employs a first adjustment method. Based on the fermentation stability characterization value and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, it determines the target aerobic fermentation control parameters to achieve a smooth transition and precise continued control. This further optimizes the process and improves fermentation efficiency while maintaining fermentation stability. When the fermentation process does not meet the stability criteria, a second adjustment method is adopted. Based on the changes in process parameters within a second preset time period, it determines the fermentation change characterization value. This method can accurately capture abnormal fermentation trends and fluctuations, enabling early identification and intervention of abnormal states, preventing fermentation deterioration, and adjusting the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters to improve the stability of the fermentation process.

[0057] This invention, through the establishment of an anaerobic fermentation module, executes anaerobic fermentation according to preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, maintaining a stable fermentation environment. Real-time monitoring and analysis of anaerobic fermentation pressure changes during the fermentation process determine the degree of anaerobic fermentation, enabling real-time and quantitative judgment of the fermentation process. This allows for precise determination of the anaerobic fermentation endpoint, avoiding under- or over-fermentation, and improving the efficiency and stability of the harmless treatment of waste materials such as urine and wastewater. After meeting the expected anaerobic fermentation standards, the fermentation products are separated, reducing the risk of secondary pollution and ensuring the stability of the first fermentation raw material's quality. By setting up a raw material analysis module, the characteristics of raw materials are quickly quantified, and the deviation coefficient is calculated. This quantifies raw material component fluctuations, enabling accurate identification and scientific matching of raw material characteristics. Initial aerobic fermentation control parameters are optimized in advance based on the raw material deviation coefficient, reducing the difficulty of later control, improving fermentation stability and efficiency, and ensuring consistent product quality. By setting up an aerobic control module, materials are precisely fed according to a preset ratio, ensuring uniform mixing and stable feeding of the first and second fermentation raw materials, providing a uniform reaction environment for aerobic fermentation. Fermentation is started smoothly based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters, improving fermentation stability and efficiency. By setting up an analysis and adjustment module, the fermentation stability characterization value is determined based on the changes in aerobic fermentation process parameters within a first preset time period. This determines whether the aerobic fermentation process meets the expected fermentation stability standard, enabling precise identification of the fermentation state. Based on the judgment result, the control and adjustment method is dynamically determined. This allows for stable optimization under the condition that the fermentation stability standard is met, improving fermentation efficiency. Under the condition that the fermentation stability standard is not met, dynamic correction is performed to avoid fermentation imbalance, ensuring the stability of the fermentation process and guaranteeing the fermentation effect.

[0058] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control system for an anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process of agricultural waste in mountainous areas, characterized in that, include: The anaerobic fermentation module is used to perform anaerobic fermentation on waste raw materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters, and to determine the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value according to the changes in anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process. If the degree of anaerobic fermentation characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard, the fermented products are separated to obtain the first fermentation raw material. The raw material analysis module is used to obtain the first raw material parameters corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameters corresponding to the second fermentation raw material, and to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first raw material parameters and the second raw material parameters, so as to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters. An aerobic control module is used to acquire aerobic fermentation process parameters, including aerobic fermentation temperature and aerobic fermentation moisture content. The analysis and adjustment module dynamically determines the control adjustment method based on the judgment results, including: If the fermentation stability characterization value is greater than the preset stability characterization value, the aerobic fermentation process is determined to meet the expected fermentation stability standard. Then, the target aerobic fermentation control parameter is determined based on the product of the fermentation adjustment coefficient corresponding to the first preset time period and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameter. The fermentation adjustment coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the fermentation stability characterization value to the preset stability characterization value. The fermentation stability characterization value is determined based on the weighted average of the temperature stability index and the moisture content stability index. The aerobic fermentation temperature TY during the first preset time period is TY1, TY2, ..., TY... j , ..., TY m ), aerobic fermentation moisture content SY=(SY1, SY2, ..., SY j , ..., SY m If the temperature stability index TW = 1 / (1+r×TR), the moisture content stability index SW = 1 / (1+t×SR), and TR = sqrt((∑ m j=1 (TY j -avg(TY)) 2 ) / (m-1)) / avg(TY), r=5, SR=sqrt((∑ m j=1 (SY j -avg(SY)) 2 ) / (m-1)) / avg(SY), t=3, j=1,2,…,m; m is the number of collections within the first preset time period, sqrt() is the preset square root determination function, and avg() is the preset average value determination function; If the fermentation stability characterization value is less than or equal to the preset stability characterization value, it is determined that the aerobic fermentation process does not meet the expected fermentation stability standard. Then, the adjusted initial aerobic fermentation control parameters are determined based on the product of the control adjustment coefficient corresponding to the second preset time period and the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters. The control adjustment coefficient is determined based on the ratio of the fermentation change characterization value to the preset change characterization value. The fermentation change characterization value is determined based on the weighted average of the aerobic fermentation temperature change index and the aerobic fermentation moisture content change index. The second preset time period is divided into several time segments. For any given time segment, with time as the independent variable and the aerobic fermentation process parameters as the dependent variable, a corresponding aerobic fermentation process curve is constructed. Calculate the slope at each position of any curve. If there is a slope greater than the preset slope for a duration longer than the preset duration, then this time segment is determined as a key time segment. For any key time segment, the ratio of the minimum aerobic fermentation temperature to the maximum aerobic fermentation temperature within the key time segment is determined as the corresponding temperature change characterization value. The average of the temperature change characterization values ​​corresponding to each key time segment is determined as the aerobic fermentation temperature change index. The ratio of the minimum aerobic fermentation moisture content to the maximum aerobic fermentation moisture content within the key time segment is determined as the corresponding moisture content change characterization value. The average of the moisture content change characterization values ​​corresponding to each key time segment is determined as the aerobic fermentation moisture content change index. The second preset time period is shorter than the first preset time period.

2. The anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anaerobic fermentation module includes: Anaerobic fermentation equipment is used to anaerobic ferment waste materials based on preset anaerobic fermentation parameters; The anaerobic monitoring unit is used to monitor the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure inside the anaerobic fermentation equipment in real time during the anaerobic fermentation process. The anaerobic analysis unit is used to determine the characterization value of the degree of anaerobic fermentation based on the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure at several key anaerobic fermentation nodes, so as to determine whether it meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard. Specifically, an anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change curve is constructed based on the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure during the anaerobic fermentation process. The anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change curve uses time as the independent variable and the corresponding anaerobic fermentation gas pressure as the dependent variable. The slope of each time point is calculated as the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change rate. For any time point, if the anaerobic fermentation gas pressure change rate is less than the preset gas pressure change rate, then the time point is determined as a key anaerobic fermentation node. The product separation unit is used to separate the fermented products to obtain the first fermentation raw material, provided that the anaerobic fermentation degree characterization value meets the expected anaerobic fermentation standard.

3. The anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas according to claim 2, characterized in that, The raw material analysis module includes: The parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the first raw material parameter corresponding to the first fermentation raw material and the second raw material parameter corresponding to the second fermentation raw material. The first raw material analysis unit is used to determine the first deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the first raw material parameters and the first preset parameters. The second raw material analysis unit is used to determine the second deviation characterization value based on the comparison result between the second raw material parameters and the second preset parameters. The parameter analysis unit is used to determine the raw material deviation coefficient based on the first deviation characterization value and the second deviation characterization value, and to determine the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters based on the raw material deviation coefficient and the preset aerobic fermentation control parameters.

4. The anaerobic-aerobic combined fermentation process control system for agricultural waste in mountainous areas according to claim 1, 2, or 3, is characterized in that, The aerobic control module is also used to input the first fermentation raw material and the second fermentation raw material into the aerobic fermentation equipment according to a preset ratio, and to carry out aerobic fermentation based on the initial aerobic fermentation control parameters.

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