Electric water heater anomaly detection method and device, electric water heater and medium

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of electric water heaters, and particularly relates to an electric water heater abnormality detection method and device, an electric water heater and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an electrical parameter of an input end of the electric water heater, wherein the electrical parameter comprises a voltage value in a standby state and a heating working state; calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage value in the standby state and the heating working state; and judging whether the input end of the electric water heater is abnormal according to the voltage drop rate. The scheme of the application can identify potential power supply problems by detecting abnormal voltage changes based on the voltage values obtained by the electric water heater in different states, thereby improving the safety of the electric water heater.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of electric water heater technology, specifically relating to an electric water heater abnormality detection method, device, electric water heater and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Electric water heaters are an indispensable appliance in daily household life, widely used for bathing, laundry, and kitchen water use. Their core function is to heat water in a tank using electrical energy to meet the user's need for hot water.

[0003] However, the operation of electric water heaters is highly dependent on the stability of the power supply environment. In actual use, the complexity of the household power grid often leads to dynamic anomalies such as voltage fluctuations and sudden current changes at power supply ports (such as socket circuits).

[0004] Current technologies primarily focus on insulation protection and leakage detection of the electric water heater itself, lacking real-time monitoring and diagnosis of dynamic power quality issues at the power supply port. Therefore, the current challenge is to improve the safety of electric water heaters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, device, electric water heater, and medium for detecting abnormalities in electric water heaters, in order to improve the safety of electric water heaters.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for detecting abnormalities in an electric water heater. The method includes: acquiring electrical parameters at the input terminal of the electric water heater, including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and determining whether there is an input terminal abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate.

[0007] In one possible design, the electrical parameters also include: current values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the method also includes: calculating the current rise rate based on the current values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and determining whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate and the current rise rate.

[0008] In one possible design, the presence of an input-side abnormality in the electric water heater is determined based on the voltage drop rate and current rise rate, including: if the voltage drop rate is less than a first percentage and the current rise rate is greater than a first current threshold, it is determined that there is a transient impact on the power grid or interference from nearby high-power equipment; if the voltage drop rate is greater than a second percentage and the current rise rate is greater than a second current threshold, it is determined that there is poor contact in the socket or aging of the plug wiring; if the voltage drop rate is greater than a third percentage and the current rise rate is less than a third current threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire; wherein, the first percentage is less than the second percentage, the second percentage is less than the third percentage, the first current threshold is greater than the second current threshold, and the second current threshold is greater than the third current threshold.

[0009] In one possible design, the method also includes: when it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire, cutting off the heating circuit of the electric water heater and switching the electric water heater to standby mode.

[0010] In one possible design, the current rise rate is calculated based on the current values ​​in standby and heating states, including: calculating a first difference between the current value in the heating state and the current value in the standby state; and using the ratio of the first difference to a preset time threshold as the current rise rate; wherein the preset time threshold is inversely proportional to the power of the electric water heater.

[0011] In one possible design, the voltage drop rate is the second difference between the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the voltage drop rate is used to determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater, including: if the second difference is less than the first voltage threshold, then at least one of the following abnormalities is determined: transient impact on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging of the plug wiring.

[0012] In one possible design, the method further includes: acquiring the real-time electrical parameter curve of the electric water heater when it switches from standby to heating mode, and acquiring the initial electrical parameter curve of the electric water heater; when an abnormality is determined, if the electrical parameter curve is not within the floating range corresponding to the initial electrical parameter curve, then at least one of the following is executed: audible and visual alarm, sending alarm information to the user's mobile terminal, and recording the abnormal time and abnormal electrical parameter curve.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides an electric water heater abnormality detection device, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring electrical parameters of the input terminal of the electric water heater, the electrical parameters including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; a calculation module for calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and a judgment module for judging whether there is an input terminal abnormality of the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides an electric water heater, including: a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; the memory stores computer-executable instructions; the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the above method.

[0015] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the above-described method.

[0016] This application provides a method, apparatus, water heater, and medium for detecting abnormalities in electric water heaters. The method includes acquiring electrical parameters at the input terminal of the water heater, including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and determining whether there is an input terminal abnormality in the water heater based on the voltage drop rate. This application's solution, based on the voltage values ​​obtained from the water heater in different states, can identify potential power supply problems by detecting abnormal voltage changes, thereby improving the safety of the water heater. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the abnormality detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the abnormality detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the abnormality detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the abnormality detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the abnormality detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric water heater malfunction detection device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0024] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] It should be noted that the brief descriptions of terms in this application are only for the convenience of understanding the embodiments described below, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. Unless otherwise stated, these terms should be understood in their ordinary and common meaning. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to be omnipresent but not exclusive. For example, a product or device that comprises a series of components is not necessarily limited to those components that are explicitly listed, but may include other components that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such product or device.

[0027] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0028] Electric water heaters are indispensable appliances in daily household life, widely used for bathing, laundry, and kitchen water use. Their core function is to heat water in a tank using electricity to meet the user's hot water needs. However, the operation of electric water heaters is highly dependent on the stability of the power supply environment. In actual use, the complexity of the household power grid often leads to dynamic anomalies such as voltage fluctuations and sudden current changes at power supply ports (such as socket circuits).

[0029] For example, low voltage may lead to decreased heating efficiency or malfunction of the control board, while a sudden voltage surge may damage the power module or temperature control circuit, and a sudden current change (such as overcurrent at startup) may cause the leakage current device to trip falsely or components to overheat and be damaged. In addition, common problems in household power grids, such as loose socket connections, broken neutral wires, and aging wiring, can lead to unstable power supply, which in turn can cause equipment failure or even safety accidents.

[0030] Current technologies primarily focus on insulation protection and leakage detection of the electric water heater itself, neglecting real-time monitoring and intelligent diagnosis of dynamic power quality issues at the power supply port. This technological blind spot makes it difficult for users to detect potential power supply hazards in a timely manner, potentially leading to serious consequences such as electric shock, fire, or complete unit failure.

[0031] In existing technologies, solutions for abnormal power supply to electric water heaters mainly rely on the following three types of methods. One solution is grounding protection and leakage detection: by monitoring leakage current, thermal circuit breaker status, or grounding resistance, it can determine whether the equipment's insulation has failed or grounding is faulty. This type of method can only identify internal faults in the equipment itself (such as aging of the heating element) and cannot detect dynamic abnormalities at the power supply port, nor does it respond to voltage / current fluctuations on the power supply side.

[0032] Another approach is voltage sampling and relay regulation: This involves monitoring grid fluctuations through a voltage sampling circuit and stabilizing the relay coil voltage using a step-down rectifier and voltage regulation circuit. This type of solution is a "passive compensation" technology, only able to adjust the operating voltage of internal components. It does not diagnose or warn of abnormalities at the socket output, cannot distinguish between grid fluctuations and user-side line faults, and lacks fault recording and user alarm functions.

[0033] Another approach is manual inspection of the socket status: relying on the user to manually check the socket voltage with a multimeter or test the leakage protection function by pressing the "T" key. This method lacks real-time and continuous capability, cannot capture millisecond-level voltage drops or current surges, and requires active user intervention, making it difficult to cover the complex operating conditions of a home power grid.

[0034] The technical content provided in this application aims to solve the aforementioned technical problems in related technologies. The electric water heater anomaly detection method, device, electric water heater, and medium provided in this application include: acquiring electrical parameters at the input terminal of the electric water heater, including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and determining whether there is an input terminal anomaly in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate. The solution of this application, based on the voltage values ​​obtained from the electric water heater in different states, can identify potential power supply problems by detecting abnormal voltage changes, thereby improving the safety of the electric water heater.

[0035] The technical solutions of this application and how they solve the aforementioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments may exist independently or in combination with each other. Identical or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating an electric water heater anomaly detection method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes:

[0037] S101. Obtain the electrical parameters of the input terminal of the electric water heater. The electrical parameters include the voltage values ​​in standby mode and heating mode.

[0038] S102. Calculate the voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states;

[0039] S103. Determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate.

[0040] In practical applications, the main body executing the abnormal detection method for electric water heaters may be the control module built into the electric water heater. This module is integrated into the circuit board and includes a voltage sampling circuit, a microprocessor, and a storage unit. It can monitor the input electrical parameters in real time and automatically calculate the voltage drop rate to determine abnormalities.

[0041] Optionally, the executor of the electric water heater anomaly detection method can also be an external independent monitoring device, such as a sensor or smart socket connected to the input of the electric water heater. After collecting data, it is transmitted to a cloud system for analysis via a local processor or wirelessly. In a smart home scenario, the executor may also be a central gateway, coordinating the detection tasks of multiple devices and aggregating data and issuing alarms through a unified platform.

[0042] It should be noted that this solution does not limit the type of electric water heater and is widely applicable to various types of electric water heaters, including pure resistance heating water heaters, which rely on electric heating elements to directly generate heat; and air source heat pump assisted electric heating water heaters, where the electric auxiliary part is activated to supplement heating when needed. Furthermore, the solution in this example is also applicable to instantaneous electric water heaters or storage-type electric water heaters.

[0043] In some embodiments, the input terminal of the electric water heater can be connected to the power grid via a standard power outlet. In this household scenario, the outlet may have contact resistance, affecting voltage stability. Alternatively, the input terminal may be connected to the power grid via direct wiring, for example, in a fixed installation where the wire is directly connected to the water heater's terminals, omitting the outlet as an intermediate step; or, other connection methods may be included, such as connection via a circuit breaker, fuse box, or dedicated distribution box.

[0044] In this example, standby mode refers to the water heater being powered on but not performing heating functions, only maintaining the operation of the control circuit, resulting in low power consumption; heating mode refers to the water heater actively heating, with the heating element powered on and operating, resulting in significantly higher power consumption. Specifically, this can be achieved by monitoring the control signal of the heating element. For example, when the thermostat or relay triggers a heating command, the system identifies it as heating mode; otherwise, it is in standby mode.

[0045] In some embodiments, a voltage sensor can be used to sample the AC voltage at the input terminal in real time, record a voltage value when the standby state is stable (such as when there is no heating operation after power-on), and record another voltage value at the instant when the standby state changes to the heating working state, or when the heating working state is stable.

[0046] In some embodiments, the voltage drop rate can be an absolute value difference, that is, the standby voltage value minus the heating working voltage value, directly representing the magnitude of the voltage drop; or it can be a percentage value, that is, the difference divided by the standby voltage value and then multiplied by 100%, representing the relative proportion of the drop.

[0047] For example, if the standby voltage is 220 volts and the operating voltage is 210 volts, the difference is 10 volts, which is approximately 4.55%. When judging input abnormalities based on the voltage drop rate, a threshold needs to be set. If the difference exceeds 5 volts or the percentage exceeds 5%, it is considered abnormal. Such abnormalities may indicate poor input contact, loose wiring, socket oxidation, or unstable mains voltage. Through continuous monitoring and threshold comparison, timely warnings can be issued to prevent overheating or reduced energy efficiency, thereby improving safety.

[0048] In some alternative embodiments, electrical parameters may include not only voltage values ​​but also current values, power values, frequency values, etc., which can provide additional information. For example, these electrical parameters can be used individually to detect certain anomalies; for instance, excessive current may indicate an overload, but combining voltage data can more accurately determine input anomalies. For example, if the voltage drop rate is abnormal while the current value is normal, it may indicate an increase in input contact resistance; if both voltage and current are abnormal, it may indicate a more serious line fault or power grid problem.

[0049] In practical applications, when an anomaly is detected, alarm information can be sent to the user, or relevant abnormal data can be sent to maintenance personnel for further judgment or as a reference for equipment maintenance.

[0050] The method for detecting abnormalities in an electric water heater provided in this application includes acquiring electrical parameters at the input terminal of the electric water heater, including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; calculating a voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; and determining whether there is an input terminal abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate. This solution, based on the voltage values ​​obtained from the electric water heater in different states, can identify potential power supply problems by detecting abnormal voltage changes, thereby improving the safety of the electric water heater.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the abnormal detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application. The electrical parameters further include: current values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the method further includes:

[0052] S201. Calculate the current rise rate based on the current values ​​in standby and heating operation states;

[0053] S202. Determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate and current rise rate.

[0054] In some embodiments, the specific method for calculating the rate of current rise is based on the current values ​​measured in standby and heating states. A common method is to calculate the absolute difference, that is, to subtract the standby current value from the heating current value to obtain the magnitude of the current rise. For example, if the standby current value is 0.5 amps and the heating current value is 10 amps, then the difference is 9.5 amps, which directly represents the amount of current increase.

[0055] Alternatively, another method is to calculate a percentage value. This involves multiplying the difference as the numerator and the standby current value as the denominator by 100% to obtain the relative proportion of the current increase. In the example above, the percentage value is 1900%. This better reflects the degree of change and is particularly suitable for comparing electric water heaters of different specifications. Alternatively, the current increase rate can also be expressed as a ratio, that is, the ratio of the current value in the heating operation state to the current value in the standby state.

[0056] In this example, when determining whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate and current rise rate, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between the changes of the two parameters and the preset threshold. First, the system calculates the voltage drop rate and current rise rate separately. The voltage drop rate can be expressed as a difference or a percentage, such as a voltage drop difference exceeding 5 volts or a percentage exceeding 2%. The current rise rate is quantified in a similar way, such as a current rise difference lower than the expected value or an abnormal percentage.

[0057] Under normal operating conditions, when an electric water heater switches from standby to heating mode, the input voltage will slightly decrease due to the increased load, and the current should increase accordingly; these two changes are usually proportional. If the voltage drop rate is abnormally high while the current rise rate is abnormally low, it may indicate increased contact resistance at the input, such as a loose socket, oxidation of the wiring terminals, or aging wiring, resulting in voltage loss but the current not increasing as expected. This reflects reduced energy transfer efficiency. Conversely, if both the voltage drop rate and the current rise rate are significantly abnormal, such as a sharp voltage drop while the current surges, it may indicate a more serious input fault, such as a short circuit, open circuit, or grid instability.

[0058] The solution presented in this example, by comprehensively analyzing the voltage drop rate and current rise rate, can more accurately and reliably detect abnormalities at the input of an electric water heater, thereby improving the safety of equipment operation.

[0059] Figure 3This is a flowchart illustrating the abnormal detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application. S202 specifically includes:

[0060] S301. When the voltage drop rate is less than the first percentage and the current rise rate is greater than the first current threshold, it is determined that there is a transient impact on the power grid or interference from nearby high-power equipment.

[0061] S302. When the voltage drop rate is greater than the second percentage and the current rise rate is greater than the second current threshold, it is determined that there is poor contact in the socket or aging of the plug circuit.

[0062] S303. When the voltage drop rate is greater than the third percentage and the current rise rate is less than the third current threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire; wherein, the first percentage is less than the second percentage, the second percentage is less than the third percentage, the first current threshold is greater than the second current threshold, and the second current threshold is greater than the third current threshold.

[0063] In this example, if the voltage drop rate is less than a first percentage and the current rise rate is greater than a first current threshold, it is determined that there is a transient impact on the power grid or interference from nearby high-power equipment. Specifically, instantaneous fluctuations in the power grid or the start-up and shutdown of nearby high-power equipment will cause rapid changes in the power grid current, resulting in a significant increase in the current rise rate. However, due to the support of power grid capacity or inertia, the voltage drop rate is relatively small. This reflects external power grid environmental interference rather than a physical fault at the input end of the electric water heater itself, and is considered a temporary anomaly.

[0064] In this example, if the voltage drop rate exceeds the second percentage and the current rise rate exceeds the second current threshold, it is determined that there is poor contact in the socket or aging of the plug wiring. Specifically, the input connection point experiences increased contact resistance due to oxidation, loosening, or wear. According to Ohm's law and power transfer characteristics, the load current demand is high during heating operation, but the contact resistance will cause voltage drop, resulting in a significant increase in the voltage drop rate. At the same time, the current still attempts to maintain the heating power and rises, but the excessive voltage drop indicates reduced energy transfer efficiency, pointing to a physical connection problem.

[0065] In this example, if the voltage drop rate is greater than the third percentage and the current rise rate is less than the third current threshold, it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire. Specifically, as part of the circuit, a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire will cause an abnormal circuit path, resulting in a significant voltage drop and the current failing to rise normally due to an incomplete circuit or abnormal impedance. This manifests as a high voltage drop and low current characteristics, which involves more serious line faults.

[0066] In some embodiments, the threshold determination needs to be based on experimental data, standard specifications, and long-term statistics. For example, the first percentage may be set to 5%, the second percentage to 15%, and the third percentage to 20%, corresponding to slight, moderate, and severe voltage drops; the first current threshold may be set to 150%, the second current threshold to 100%, and the third current threshold to 50%, corresponding to high, medium, and low current rises. These thresholds need to be dynamically adjusted according to the rated parameters of the electric water heater, power grid conditions, and historical operating data to ensure detection accuracy and adaptability and avoid misjudgment.

[0067] This example solution, by setting multiple threshold levels and integrating the correlation between voltage drop rate and current rise rate, can accurately identify and distinguish different types of input abnormalities such as grid interference, poor contact, and neutral wire fault, thereby improving the operational safety and maintenance efficiency of electric water heaters.

[0068] As yet another example, based on any example, when it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire, the heating circuit of the electric water heater is cut off and the electric water heater is switched to standby mode.

[0069] In some embodiments, when a short circuit or loose connection of the neutral wire is detected, a command can be sent through the built-in control module to drive a relay or contactor to disconnect the power connection of the heating element, thereby physically cutting off the heating circuit of the electric water heater, and at the same time adjusting the control logic to standby mode to stop the heating operation but maintain basic monitoring functions.

[0070] This example solution improves the safety and reliability of electric water heaters by promptly isolating faults to prevent the risk of overheating, short circuits, or electrical fires caused by abnormal neutral wires. It also avoids further damage to the equipment or impact on power grid stability, ensuring user safety and extending equipment lifespan.

[0071] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the abnormal detection method for an electric water heater provided in an embodiment of this application. S201 includes:

[0072] S401. Calculate the first difference between the current value under heating operation and the current value under standby operation.

[0073] S402, The ratio of the first difference to the preset time threshold is taken as the current rise rate; wherein, the preset time threshold is inversely proportional to the power of the electric water heater.

[0074] In some embodiments, the preset time threshold may be set to two hundred milliseconds to acquire the current value at the instant the electric water heater switches from standby mode to heating mode, so as to capture the transient process of current change.

[0075] The preset time threshold represents a standardized time window used to synchronously sample current data during critical state transition periods, thereby ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of the current rise rate calculation. Since the current rise rate is based on the first difference (the difference between the current value in heating mode and the current value in standby mode) divided by the preset time threshold, and this threshold is inversely proportional to the power of the water heater, this means that for high-power devices, the current rises faster, and the threshold may be shorter, such as 100 milliseconds, while for low-power devices it may be longer, such as 300 milliseconds.

[0076] In this example, dynamic rate analysis is introduced to convert the static current difference into a change per unit time. This can more sensitively reflect input abnormalities, such as increased contact resistance or line faults causing the current to rise slowly, while normal startup will show a rapid rise. By comparing rates, potential problems can be identified early, improving the real-time performance of detection.

[0077] Optionally, the voltage value can also be taken at the moment when the electric water heater switches from standby mode to heating mode, that is, the voltage drop value is recorded within the same preset time threshold, so as to calculate the voltage drop rate and realize synchronous monitoring of current and voltage changes.

[0078] This example solution, by integrating time-dimensional current rise rate calculation and synchronous voltage monitoring, can more quickly and accurately identify abnormalities at the input of the electric water heater, thereby improving the safety of equipment operation.

[0079] As yet another example, based on any example, the voltage drop rate is the second difference between the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the voltage drop rate is used to determine whether the electric water heater has an input-side abnormality, including:

[0080] If the second difference is less than the first voltage threshold, then at least one of the following abnormalities is determined to exist: transient impact on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging of plug wiring.

[0081] In this example, because the strategy relies on only a single electrical parameter, the voltage drop rate, it cannot accurately distinguish the specific anomaly type. For example, when the second difference is less than the first voltage threshold, it is determined that at least one of the following exists: a transient impact on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging plug wiring. However, these anomalies may have similar voltage manifestations, leading to a vague diagnosis. A transient impact on the power grid may cause a brief voltage drop, interference from nearby high-power equipment may cause periodic voltage fluctuations, and poor socket contact or aging plug wiring may cause a continuous voltage drop. It is difficult to trace the specific cause based solely on the voltage drop rate, because all situations may present as a voltage drop.

[0082] However, this solution can save on circuit costs because it only requires the integration of a voltage sampling circuit and a basic comparator, eliminating the need for additional current sensors, high-precision analog-to-digital converters, or complex processors. This simplifies hardware design and makes it suitable for scenarios where high accuracy is not required or as a primary early warning system.

[0083] This example solution enables low-cost preliminary detection of input abnormalities in electric water heaters, thereby improving equipment safety and user alert capabilities. By monitoring only the voltage drop rate, the system can promptly trigger alarms when common abnormalities occur, such as transient impacts on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging plug wiring.

[0084] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the electric water heater anomaly detection method provided in an embodiment of this application. The electric water heater anomaly detection method further includes:

[0085] S501. Obtain the real-time electrical parameter curve of the electric water heater when it switches from standby mode to heating mode, and obtain the initial electrical parameter curve of the electric water heater.

[0086] S502. When an anomaly is detected, if the electrical parameter curve is not within the floating range corresponding to the initial electrical parameter curve, at least one of the following shall be executed: audible and visual alarm, sending alarm information to the user's mobile terminal, and recording the abnormal time and abnormal electrical parameter curve.

[0087] In some embodiments, by integrating voltage and current sensors, which sample electrical parameters at a fixed frequency such as one hundred times per second, a time window is triggered when the electric water heater switches from standby to heating operation, for example, for two seconds from the moment of switching. The sequence of voltage and current values ​​changing over time during this period is recorded to form a real-time electrical parameter curve. This curve can be represented as a voltage-time graph and a current-time graph, reflecting the dynamic characteristics during the state transition process.

[0088] For example, the initial electrical parameter curve can be obtained through calibration testing before the electric water heater leaves the factory or during the learning phase when the user uses it normally for the first time. For example, when the water heater is started for the first time after installation, the electrical parameter curves of multiple state switching are automatically recorded, outliers are removed, the average curve is calculated or a standard model is established and stored in the built-in memory as a benchmark; or, the initial curve can also be based on the typical parameter preset of the electric water heater model and adjusted in combination with the power grid conditions.

[0089] In this example, by comparing the real-time curve with the initial curve, subtle anomalies can be captured, such as deviations in the rate of voltage drop or the pattern of current rise. This provides richer data for subsequent judgment, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the detection.

[0090] In some embodiments, after determining that there is an input abnormality based on the voltage drop rate or current rise rate, the real-time electrical parameter curve is further compared with the initial electrical parameter curve. The fluctuation range can be set to five percent above or below the initial curve value or a fixed threshold. For example, if the voltage curve exceeds five percent of the reference value at a specific time point, it is considered to be outside the range.

[0091] Furthermore, if the curve exceeds the range, the audible and visual alarm unit is immediately activated, such as by emitting a continuous buzzing sound through the buzzer on the control board and illuminating a flashing red indicator light to alert the user on-site. At the same time, the alarm information is encapsulated into a message and sent to the user's pre-bound mobile application via a built-in wireless communication module such as Wi-Fi or cellular network. The message content includes the type of anomaly, the time of occurrence, and suggested actions to ensure timely remote notification.

[0092] In addition, it can automatically record the complete data of abnormal timestamps and abnormal electrical parameter curves into non-volatile memory for subsequent maintenance and analysis, such as storing them as log files, recording curve sampling points and abnormal identifiers. This data can be used for fault diagnosis or optimization of detection algorithms to improve long-term reliability.

[0093] The solution in this example, through dynamic comparison of real-time electrical parameter curves with initial curves and multiple alarm mechanisms, can more accurately and timely detect abnormalities at the input end of the electric water heater, thereby avoiding false alarms and improving equipment safety.

[0094] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric water heater malfunction detection device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the device includes:

[0095] The acquisition module 61 is used to acquire the electrical parameters of the input terminal of the electric water heater, including the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states.

[0096] Calculation module 62 is used to calculate the voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states;

[0097] The judgment module 63 is used to determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate.

[0098] In some embodiments, the electrical parameters further include: current values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the calculation module 62 is also configured to: calculate the current rise rate based on the current values ​​in standby and heating operation states;

[0099] The judgment module 63 is also used to: determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate and the current rise rate.

[0100] In some embodiments, the determination module 63 is specifically used for:

[0101] If the voltage drop rate is less than the first percentage and the current rise rate is greater than the first current threshold, it is determined that there is a transient impact on the power grid or interference from nearby high-power equipment.

[0102] If the voltage drop rate is greater than the second percentage and the current rise rate is greater than the second current threshold, it is determined that there is poor socket contact or aging plug circuit.

[0103] If the voltage drop rate is greater than the third percentage and the current rise rate is less than the third current threshold, then it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire; wherein, the first percentage is less than the second percentage, the second percentage is less than the third percentage, the first current threshold is greater than the second current threshold, and the second current threshold is greater than the third current threshold.

[0104] In some embodiments, the determination module 63 is further configured to: when it is determined that there is a short circuit or loose connection in the neutral wire, cut off the heating circuit of the electric water heater and switch the electric water heater to standby mode.

[0105] In some embodiments, the calculation module 62 is specifically used for:

[0106] Calculate the first difference between the current value in the heating working state and the current value in the standby state;

[0107] The ratio of the first difference to the preset time threshold is used as the current rise rate; where the preset time threshold is inversely proportional to the power of the electric water heater.

[0108] In some embodiments, the voltage drop rate is a second difference between the voltage value in standby mode and heating operation mode; the determination module 63 is specifically used for:

[0109] If the second difference is less than the first voltage threshold, then at least one of the following abnormalities is determined to exist: transient impact on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging of plug wiring.

[0110] In some embodiments, the determining module 63 is further configured to:

[0111] Acquire the real-time electrical parameter curves of the electric water heater when it switches from standby mode to heating mode, and acquire the initial electrical parameter curves of the electric water heater;

[0112] When an anomaly is detected, if the electrical parameter curve is not within the floating range corresponding to the initial electrical parameter curve, at least one of the following shall be executed: audible and visual alarm, sending alarm information to the user's mobile terminal, and recording the time of the anomaly and the abnormal electrical parameter curve.

[0113] The electric water heater malfunction detection device in this application embodiment can perform the above-described method, and its technical principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0114] This application also provides an electric water heater, including: a processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; the memory stores computer-executable instructions; the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0115] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the methods described in any of the above embodiments.

[0116] The technical solutions of this application have been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of this application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for detecting abnormalities in an electric water heater, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the electrical parameters at the input terminal of the electric water heater, including voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; The voltage drop rate is calculated based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states. The voltage drop rate is used to determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical parameters further include: current values ​​in standby and heating operation states; the method further includes: The current rise rate is calculated based on the current values ​​in standby and heating operation states. The voltage drop rate and current rise rate are used to determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determining whether the electric water heater has an input abnormality based on the voltage drop rate and current rise rate includes: If the voltage drop rate is less than a first percentage and the current rise rate is greater than a first current threshold, it is determined that there is a power grid transient impact or interference from nearby high-power equipment. If the voltage drop rate is greater than the second percentage and the current rise rate is greater than the second current threshold, it is determined that there is poor socket contact or aging plug circuit. If the voltage drop rate is greater than a third percentage and the current rise rate is less than a third current threshold, then it is determined that there is a short circuit or a loose connection in the neutral wire; wherein, the first percentage is less than the second percentage, the second percentage is less than the third percentage, the first current threshold is greater than the second current threshold, and the second current threshold is greater than the third current threshold.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: When a short circuit or loose connection is detected in the neutral wire, the heating circuit of the electric water heater is cut off, and the electric water heater is switched to standby mode.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current rise rate is calculated based on the current values ​​in standby and heating operation states, including: Calculate the first difference between the current value in the heating working state and the current value in the standby state; The ratio of the first difference to the preset time threshold is taken as the current rise rate; wherein the preset time threshold is inversely proportional to the power of the electric water heater.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage drop rate is the second difference between the voltage value in standby mode and the heating mode; determining whether the electric water heater has an input terminal abnormality based on the voltage drop rate includes: If the second difference is less than the first voltage threshold, then at least one of the following abnormalities is determined to exist: transient impact on the power grid, interference from nearby high-power equipment, poor socket contact, or aging of plug wiring.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The real-time electrical parameter curves of the electric water heater when it switches from standby mode to heating mode are obtained, and the initial electrical parameter curves of the electric water heater are also obtained. When an anomaly is detected, if the electrical parameter curve is not within the floating range corresponding to the initial electrical parameter curve, at least one of the following shall be executed: audible and visual alarm, sending alarm information to the user's mobile terminal, and recording the abnormal time and abnormal electrical parameter curve.

8. An electric water heater malfunction detection device, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the electrical parameters of the input terminal of the electric water heater, including the voltage values ​​in standby mode and heating mode. The calculation module is used to calculate the voltage drop rate based on the voltage values ​​in standby and heating operation states; The judgment module is used to determine whether there is an input abnormality in the electric water heater based on the voltage drop rate.

9. An electric water heater, characterized in that, include: A processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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