Advanced large field erected air cooled industrial steam condensers

Abstract

Large field erected air cooled industrial steam condensers have heat exchanger panels independently mounted and supported in heat exchange frame sections. Bottom valve covers extend along the bottom length of each heat exchanger panel for delivering steam to the bottom ends of condensing tubes in the heat exchanger panels and for receiving condensate formed in those same tubes. The tops of the tubes are connected to top valve covers. Non-condensed steam and non-condensables are drawn from the condensing tubes into the top valve covers. Steam distribution manifolds are suspended from the heat exchange frame sections perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the heat exchange panels and below the heat exchange panel center points and deliver steam to each heat exchanger panel through a single steam inlet located at the center point of each bottom valve cover.

Description

[0001] Divisional application This application is a divisional application of the invention application filed on March 12, 2020, with application number 202080074669.9 and titled "Advanced Large-Scale Field-Mounted Air-Cooled Industrial Steam Condenser". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to a large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser. Background Technology

[0003] A typical large, field-mounted, air-cooled industrial steam condenser consists of heat exchange bundles arranged in A-frames above large fans, with one A-frame for each fan. Each bundle typically contains 35-45 vertically oriented, flat finned tubes; each tube is approximately 11 meters long and 200 millimeters high, with semi-circular leading and trailing edges and an external width of 18-22 millimeters. Each A-frame typically accommodates 5 to 7 bundles per side.

[0004] The typical A-frame ACC described above also includes a primary or "junctional" condenser tube bundle (sometimes called a K-type bundle, used as a kondensor) and a secondary or "secondary" condenser tube bundle (sometimes called a D-type bundle, used as a fractionator). Approximately 80% to 90% of the heat exchanger bundle is a primary or first-stage condenser. Steam enters at the top of the primary condenser tube bundle, and condensate and some steam exit at the bottom. In the first stage, steam and condensate travel downwards along the heat exchanger tube bundle; this process is often referred to as the co-current condensation stage. The first-stage configuration is thermally efficient; however, it does not provide a means of removing non-condensable gases. To remove non-condensable gases from the first-stage tube bundle, 10% to 20% of the heat exchanger tube bundle is configured as a secondary or secondary condenser, typically distributed between the primary condensers, drawing steam from the lower condenser manifold. In this arrangement, steam and non-condensable gases flow through the first-stage condenser as they are drawn into the bottom of the secondary condenser. As the gas mixture flows upward through the secondary condenser, the remaining vapor condenses, causing non-condensable gases to accumulate at the top while the condensate is discharged to the bottom. This process is commonly referred to as the counter-current condensation stage. The top of the secondary condenser is attached to a vacuum manifold, which expels non-condensable gases from the system.

[0005] For example, variations of the standard prior art ACC arrangement have been disclosed in US 2015 / 0204611 and US 2015 / 0330709. These applications show the same finned tubes, but significantly shortened, and then arranged in a series of small A-frames, typically five to six A-frames per fan. Part of the logic is to reduce steam-side pressure drop, which has a smaller impact on overall capacity under summer conditions but a greater impact under winter conditions. Another part of the logic is to save costly on-site welding labor by welding the top steam manifold piping to each tube bundle at the plant and shipping them together. The net effect of this arrangement, where the steam manifold is attached at the plant and shipped with the tube bundle, is a reduction in tube length to accommodate the manifold in the transport container.

[0006] For example, other variations of the standard prior art ACC arrangement have been disclosed in US 2017 / 0363357 and US 2017 / 0363358. These applications disclose a novel tube structure for ACCs with a cross-sectional height of 10 mm or less. US 2017 / 0363357 also discloses a novel ACC arrangement with heat exchanger tube bundles, wherein the primary condenser tube bundles are arranged horizontally along the longitudinal axis of the tube bundles, while the secondary tube bundles are arranged parallel to the transverse axis. US 2017 / 0363358 discloses an ACC arrangement in which all tube bundles are secondary tube bundles. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The invention presented herein is a novel and improved design for a large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser for power plants and other applications, which offers significant improvements and advantages compared to the existing ACC technology.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger panel comprises an integral secondary condenser section located at the center of the heat exchanger panel, flanking a primary condenser section which may be identical or different from each other. A bottom valve cover extends along the bottom length of the heat exchanger panel and is connected to the bottom side of a bottom tube sheet for conveying steam to the bottom end of the primary condenser tubes. In this arrangement, the first stage of condensation occurs in counter-current operation. The top of the tubes is connected to a top tube sheet, which in turn is connected to the top valve cover on its top side. Uncondensed steam and non-condensables flow from the primary condenser tubes into the top valve cover and toward the center of the heat exchanger panel, where they enter the top of the tubes in the secondary condenser section. In this arrangement, the second stage of condensation occurs in parallel-flow operation. Non-condensables and condensate flow out from the bottom of the secondary tubes into an inner secondary chamber located within the bottom valve cover. Non-condensables and condensate are discharged from the secondary chamber of the bottom valve cover through an outlet nozzle, and the condensate is discharged and conveyed to water collected from the primary condenser section.

[0009] According to an alternative embodiment, the heat exchanger panel can be configured as a single-stage condenser heat exchanger panel, wherein all tubes of the heat exchanger panel receive steam from a bottom valve cover and deliver condensate to the bottom valve cover, while non-condensable material is discharged through a top valve cover. More specifically, as in the multi-stage embodiment, the bottom valve cover extends along the bottom length of the heat exchanger panel and connects to the bottom side of the bottom tube sheet; however, in the single-stage embodiment, the bottom valve cover delivers steam to the bottom of all tubes in the heat exchanger panel. As in the multi-stage embodiment, the top of all tubes connects to a top tube sheet, which in turn connects to a top valve cover at its top. Uncondensed steam and non-condensable material flow from all tubes in the heat exchanger panel into the top valve cover and are drawn from the top valve cover for further processing. Condensate flows from the bottom of all tubes, into the bottom valve cover, and into the steam distribution manifold.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the invention, each heat exchanger panel can be independently mounted to and supported within the heat exchanger section frame. According to one embodiment, in an arrangement similar to an A-frame or V-frame type, adjacent panels can be tilted in opposite directions relative to the vertical, although preferably there is no relationship or interaction between adjacent panels. According to another embodiment, each heat exchanger panel can be vertically oriented, and optional air deflectors or seals are provided at an angle between each adjacent panel. According to yet another embodiment, all heat exchanger panels can be tilted at an angle relative to the vertical, all in the same direction. According to yet another embodiment, all heat exchanger panels on one side of the heat exchanger section can be tilted in one direction relative to the vertical, while all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the heat exchanger section can be tilted in opposite directions relative to the vertical.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the invention, each unit or module of the ACC has an air chamber section module with a single large fan to generate airflow on all heat exchanger panels in the same module.

[0012] According to other embodiments of the invention, the air chamber module may include a plurality of longitudinal fan decks arranged above a fan deck frame, each fan deck having a plurality of fans. Depending on various aspects of this embodiment, the fan decks may be aligned such that their longitudinal axes are parallel to or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel in the same ACC module.

[0013] According to another embodiment of the invention, a lower steam distribution manifold extends below a row of multiple ACC units / modules, and each heat exchanger panel of each ACC unit or module is supplied with steam by a single riser that delivers its steam to a dedicated upper steam distribution manifold, preferably comprising a large horizontal cylinder closed at both ends, suspended below the heat exchanger section support frame, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel, and located below the center point of each heat exchanger panel. The upper steam distribution manifold supplies steam to the bottom valve cover of each heat exchanger panel at a single location at the center point of each panel.

[0014] According to another embodiment of the invention, the heat exchange module frame and heat exchanger panel of each unit are pre-assembled on the ground. The heat exchange module frame is then supported on an assembly jig, the height of which is just sufficient to suspend the upper steam distribution manifold from below the heat exchange module frame. Additionally, the chamber portion, including the fan deck and fan assembly of the corresponding heat exchange module, is also assembled on the ground. Sequentially or simultaneously, the lower structure of the corresponding heat exchange module can be assembled in its final position. The heat exchange module, on which the upper steam distribution manifold is suspended, can then be lifted as a whole and placed on top of the lower structure, followed by a similar lifting and placement of the chamber portion sub-assemblies.

[0015] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, multiple upper steam distribution manifolds for multiple units are combined into a single overhead steam manifold, which is suspended above multiple condenser modules and extends along the length of the multiple condenser modules. According to this embodiment, lower steam distribution manifolds and risers are eliminated, and the overhead steam manifold is supplied directly from a turbine exhaust duct, which itself is elevated to the height of the overhead steam manifold. The overhead steam distribution manifold supplies steam to the bottom valve cover of each heat exchanger panel at a single location at the center point of the panel.

[0016] This new ACC design can be used with pipes having existing cross-sectional constructions and areas (e.g., 200 mm x 18-22 mm). Alternatively, this new ACC design can be used with pipes (200 mm x 10 mm or smaller) having designs described in US 2017 / 0363357 and US 2017 / 0363358, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0017] According to another alternative embodiment, the new ACC design of the present invention can be used with 100mm × 5mm to 7mm tubes having biased fins.

[0018] According to another embodiment, the new ACC design of the present invention can be used with tubes of 200mm × 5mm-7mm or 200mm × 17-20mm, which preferably have "arrow" shaped fins arranged at 5-12 fins per inch (fpi), preferably 9-12 fins per inch, and most preferably 9.8 fins per inch.

[0019] According to another embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention can be used with a 120mm × 5mm-7mm tube having "arrow"-shaped fins arranged at 9.8 fins per inch. According to a further embodiment, the novel ACC design of the present invention can be used with a 140mm × 5mm-7mm tube having "arrow"-shaped fins arranged at 9.8 fins per inch. While the 120mm and 140mm configurations do not produce the exact same capacity increase as the 200mm configuration, both the 120mm and 140mm configurations reduce material and weight compared to the 200mm design.

[0020] The disclosure of the aforementioned arrow-shaped fin structure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety from the disclosure of U.S. Application No. 15 / 425,454, filed February 6, 2017.

[0021] According to yet another embodiment, the new ACC design of the present invention can be used with a tube having “louvered” fins, which has roughly the same performance as the biased fins and is easier to obtain and manufacture.

[0022] The description of fin types and sizes herein is not intended to limit the invention. The tubes of the invention described herein can be used with any type of fin without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0023] Therefore, according to the present invention, a large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser is provided, connected to an industrial steam production facility, comprising: one or more condenser channels, each condenser channel including a row of condenser modules, each condenser module including a gas chamber portion; the gas chamber portion having one or more fans that draw in air through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in a heat exchanger portion; and each heat exchanger panel having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis; each heat exchanger panel having multiple tubes; a top valve cover connected to and in fluid communication with the top end of each tube; and a bottom valve cover connected to the tube. The bottom end of at least a subset of the condenser channels is connected to and in fluid communication with the condenser channel; the bottom valve cover has a single steam inlet; each condenser channel includes a steam distribution manifold suspended from the heat exchanger section, arranged along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel at the midpoint of the heat exchanger panel, and extending the length of the condenser channel below multiple heat exchanger panels; the steam distribution manifold includes a cylinder having a first end and a second end, the cylinder being closed at the second end away from the first end, and the cylinder having multiple connectors on its top surface, each connector being adapted to connect to a corresponding single steam inlet.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein each heat exchanger panel includes a single condenser stage, and all tubes in the heat exchanger panel receive steam from the bottom end of the tubes.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein a top valve cover is configured to receive non-condensable gases and optional non-condensable steam from the condenser tubes, and not to supply steam to the tubes.

[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein each heat exchanger panel includes: a secondary condenser section, a primary condenser section, and a top valve cover; the top valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the top end of each tube in the secondary condenser section and the primary condenser section; a primary bottom valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom end of each tube in the primary condenser section; an internal secondary chamber within the bottom valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom end of each tube in the secondary condenser section; the secondary bottom valve cover is connected to the top side of the primary bottom valve cover, and each primary bottom valve cover has a single steam inlet.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein each heat exchanger panel includes two primary condenser portions located on the flanks of the secondary portion.

[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein a secondary condenser portion is centrally positioned along the heat exchanger panel and a primary condenser portion is connected to each end side.

[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the steam distribution manifold cylinder is attached to a turbine exhaust pipe at its first end.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the steam distribution manifold is closed at both ends and has a single connection to the steam riser on the bottom surface.

[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein each of the heat exchanger panels is independently suspended from the frame of the heat exchanger section by a plurality of flexible suspension supports.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction.

[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are vertically oriented.

[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein all heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction, at the same angle to the vertical direction.

[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein all heat exchanger panels on one side of a single heat exchanger section are tilted in one direction relative to the vertical, while all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the single heat exchanger section are tilted in a opposite direction relative to the vertical.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the air chamber portion includes a single fan mounted on a fan deck frame, and the fan draws air into all heat exchanger panels of the heat exchanger portion.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the gas chamber portion includes a plurality of fan deck plates placed on a fan deck frame, and each fan deck plate includes a plurality of fans.

[0038] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein air is drawn in by each fan across no more than two heat exchanger panels.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein each of the flexible suspension supports includes a central rod connected at each end to a connecting sleeve; and wherein one connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the heat exchanger portion frame, and a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the tube sheet of the heat exchanger panel.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have a length of 2.0m to 2.8m, a cross-sectional height of 120mm, and a cross-sectional width of 4-10mm.

[0041] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the cross-sectional width of the tube is 5.2-7 mm.

[0042] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the cross-sectional width of the tube is 6.0 mm.

[0043] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins attached to the flat side of the tubes, the fins having a height of 9 to 10 mm and a spacing of 5 to 12 fins per inch.

[0044] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, wherein the plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins connected to the flat side of the tubes, the fins having a height of 18 mm to 20 mm, spanning the space between adjacent tubes and contacting adjacent tubes, and the fins being spaced 5 to 12 fins per inch.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for assembling a large field-installed air-cooled condenser is also provided, comprising the steps of: assembling a heat exchanger section on the ground, including a heat exchanger section frame and the heat exchanger panel; supporting the heat exchanger section at a height from the ground only sufficient to suspend a steam distribution manifold section directly below and adjacent to the heat exchanger panel; assembling a chamber section having a fan deck and fan assembly on the ground; raising the assembled heat exchanger section and the steam distribution manifold section and placing them on top of their respective substructures; attaching adjacent steam distribution manifold sections to each other; and raising the assembled chamber section and placing it on top of the heat exchanger section.

[0046] According to embodiments of the present invention, a large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser is also provided, optionally connected to an industrial steam production facility, comprising: one or more condenser channels, each condenser channel including a row of condenser modules, each condenser module including a gas chamber portion; the gas chamber portion having one or more fans that draw in air through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in a heat exchanger portion; and each heat exchanger panel having a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis; each heat exchanger panel including multiple condenser tubes and a top valve cover and a bottom valve cover, the top valve cover being connected to and in fluid communication with the top end of each of the multiple condenser tubes; and a bottom valve cover... The cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom end of each of the plurality of condenser tubes; each of the bottom valve covers has a single steam inlet; each condenser passage has a single steam distribution manifold suspended from and directly adjacent to the bottom side of the heat exchanger section, arranged along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel at the midpoint of the heat exchanger panel, and extending the length of the condenser passage; the steam distribution manifold includes a cylinder attached at a first end to a turbine exhaust pipe and closed at a second end away from the first end; the cylinder has a plurality of connectors on its top surface adapted to connect to the inlet of the bottom valve cover. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the heat exchanger section of a large, field-mounted, air-cooled industrial steam condenser in the prior art.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a partially exploded close-up view of the heat exchanger section of a large, field-mounted, air-cooled industrial steam condenser of the prior art, showing the orientation of the pipes relative to the steam distribution manifold.

[0049] Figure 3 This is a side view of a two-stage heat exchanger panel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4yes Figure 3 Top view of the heat exchanger panel shown.

[0051] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 The image shows a bottom view of the heat exchanger panel.

[0052] Figure 6 yes Figure 3 The heat exchanger panel shown is a cross-sectional view along line CC.

[0053] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 The heat exchanger panel shown is a cross-sectional view along line DD.

[0054] Figure 8 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger panel along line EE.

[0055] Figure 9 This is a side view of the two-stage heat exchanger panel and the upper steam distribution manifold according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 10A yes Figure 9 A sectional view along line AA.

[0057] Figure 10B yes Figure 10A Alternative embodiments of the illustrated embodiments.

[0058] Figure 11 It is a flat protective plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the bottom valve cover of the type shown.

[0059] Figure 12 It is a bending protection plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 Cross-sectional view of the bottom valve cover of the type shown.

[0060] Figure 13A This is a side view of a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser with a novel steam delivery and distribution structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 13B yes Figure 13A The diagram shows a top view of a large, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser.

[0062] Figure 14 yes Figure 13A and 13B An enlarged side view of one unit of a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser, as shown.

[0063] Figure 15 yes Figure 13A ,13B A further enlarged side view of one unit of the large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser shown in Figure 14.

[0064] Figure 16 This is a front view of the upper steam distribution manifold and its connection to the heat exchanger panel according to an embodiment of the present invention, including optional condenser tubes from the secondary bottom valve cover (in the case of a two-stage condenser panel).

[0065] Figure 17 This is a further enlarged side view of a unit of the large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser shown in Figure 13-15, showing end views of the two pairs of heat exchanger panels.

[0066] Figure 18A This is a set of engineering drawings showing a boom in a cold position according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 18B It is a set of engineering drawings that show Figure 18A The boom in the hot position.

[0068] Figure 19A This is a set of engineering drawings showing a boom in a cold position according to different embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 19B It is a set of engineering drawings that show Figure 18A The boom in the hot position.

[0070] Figure 20A The image shows a top perspective view of a single pre-assembled condenser module, including the upper steam distribution manifold suspended above it.

[0071] Figure 20B The bottom perspective view of a single pre-assembled condenser module is shown, including the upper steam distribution manifold suspended above it.

[0072] Figure 21A It shows Figure 20A and 20B The top perspective view of the fan deck and fan (air chamber) subassemblies of the corresponding individual units of the condenser module shown.

[0073] Figure 21B It shows Figure 20A and 20B The bottom perspective view of the fan deck and fan (air chamber) subassemblies of the corresponding individual units of the condenser module shown.

[0074] Figure 22 It shows Figure 20A and 20B The image shows a perspective view of the tower of a single unit of the condenser module.

[0075] Figure 23 It shows that Figure 20A and 20B The pre-assembled condenser module is lifted and placed in Figure 22 On the tower.

[0076] Figure 24 It shows that Figure 21A and 21B The fan deck and fan (air chamber) sub-assemblies are installed and placed in Figure 23 The top of the tower section and the condenser module.

[0077] Figure 25 This is a side view of a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, which has an elevated steam distribution manifold directly connected to a turbine steam pipe.

[0078] Figure 26 This is a side view of a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention, which has an elevated steam distribution manifold directly connected to a turbine steam pipe.

[0079] Figure 27 yes Figure 26 End view of the embodiment shown.

[0080] Figure 28 This is a front view of an alternative embodiment of the invention, wherein all heat exchanger panels in the heat exchange module are vertically oriented and air deflection seals are located between each pair of adjacent panels.

[0081] Figure 29 This is a front view of another embodiment of the present invention, wherein all heat exchanger panels on one side of the heat exchange module are tilted in one direction relative to the vertical direction, while all heat exchanger panels on the other side of the heat exchange module are tilted in the opposite direction relative to the vertical direction.

[0082] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of a fan deck plate according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein each air chamber module supports multiple fan deck plates, and each fan deck plate supports multiple fans.

[0083] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fan plate includes a plurality of fan deck disks supported on a fan plate structure above the heat exchange module, wherein each fan deck disk includes a plurality of fans, and the fan deck disks are arranged such that their longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel.

[0084] Figure 32This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the fan plate includes a plurality of fan deck disks supported on a fan plate structure above the heat exchange module, wherein each fan deck disk includes a plurality of fans, and the fan deck disks are arranged such that their longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel.

[0085] Figure 33 An example of a fan type that can be used in an embodiment of the fan deck of the present invention is shown.

[0086] Figure 34 This is a side view of a single-stage heat exchanger panel and an upper steam distribution manifold according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] Figure 35 This is a top view of a large field-mounted air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, which has an elevated steam distribution manifold connected to a ground turbine exhaust pipe via end risers.

[0088] Figure 36 yes Figure 35 The embodiment is a front view along section AA.

[0089] Figure 37 yes Figure 35 The embodiment is a front view along section BB.

[0090] The features in the accompanying drawings are numbered using the following reference numerals: 2. Heat exchanger panel 12. Top valve cover 4. Primary condenser section 14. Bottom tube sheet 6. Secondary condenser section, 15° lift / support angle 7-pipe 16-bottom valve cover 8 condenser tube bundles; 18 steam inlet / condenser outlet. 10 Top tube sheet 20 Protective plate 21 Perforated 50 Hanger 22 fan-shaped edge 54 hanging rod 24 Secondary bottom valve cover 56 Hanger sleeve 26 Nozzles (for secondary bottom valve cover) 27. Condenser Unit (Module) 28 Upper steam distribution manifold 62 Lower structure 29 Y-shaped nozzle 64 air chamber module 30 Riser (LSM to USM) 66 Overhead Steam Distribution Manifold 31 Turbine exhaust pipe 68 Overhead turbine exhaust pipe 32 Lower steam distribution manifold 70 Air deflection seal 34 (Condenser unit 27) Channels / rows 72 Fan deck tray 36 (Heat Exchanger Section) Frame 74 (Small) Fan 37 Condenser Module 76 Ground Turbine Exhaust Pipe 40 Deflector shroud 78 End riser (GLTED to ESDM) 42 Condensate pipe Detailed Implementation Reference Figure 3-8 According to a first embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger panel 2 includes two primary condenser sections 4 located on the flanks of an integral and centrally located secondary condenser section 6. Each heat exchanger panel 2 consists of a plurality of individual condenser bundles 8, a first subset of which constitutes the centrally located secondary condenser section 6, and a second subset of which constitutes the primary condenser section 4 on each flank. The tubes 7 of the primary and secondary condenser sections are preferably identical in size and construction. At their top, all tubes 7 of the primary condenser sections 4 and 6 are connected to a top tube sheet 10, on which a hollow top valve cover 12 is mounted, extending along the length of the top of the heat exchanger panel 2. The bottoms of all tubes 7 of the primary condenser sections 4 and 6 are connected to a bottom tube sheet 14, which forms the top of a bottom valve cover 16. The bottom valve cover 16 also extends along the length of the heat exchanger panel 2. The bottom valve cover 16 is in direct fluid communication with the pipe 7 of the primary condenser section 4, but not with the pipe of the secondary condenser section 6. A single steam inlet / condensate outlet 18 is installed at the midpoint of the bottom valve cover 16; this steam inlet / condensate outlet 18 receives all steam for the heat exchanger panel 2 and serves as an outlet for condensate collected from the primary condenser section 4. The bottom of the bottom valve cover 16 is preferably inclined downwards at an angle between 1 and 5 degrees, preferably at an angle of approximately 3 degrees relative to the horizontal plane of the steam inlet / condensate outlet 18 extending from both ends of the valve cover 16 towards the center of the heat exchanger panel 2. According to the preferred embodiment and with reference to… Figure 9-12 The bottom valve cover 16 may include a guard plate 20 to separate the condensate flow from the steam flow. The guard plate 20 may have perforations 21 and / or a fan-shaped edge 22 or other openings or configurations to allow condensate falling on top of the guard plate 20 to enter the space below the guard plate and flow towards the steam inlet / condensate outlet 18. Viewed from the end of the bottom valve cover 16, the guard plate 20 is fixed at a near-horizontal angle (between 12 degrees horizontally and laterally from the horizontal) to maximize the cross-section provided by the bottom valve cover 16 for the steam flow. The guard plate 20 may be as follows: Figure 11 The ground shown is flat, or, as... Figure 12The surface shown is curved. The top tube sheet 10 and the bottom tube sheet 14 may be provided with lifting / support angles 15 for lifting and / or supporting the heat exchanger panel 2.

[0091] An internal secondary chamber or secondary bottom valve cover 24 is disposed within the bottom valve cover 16, directly fluidly connected only to the pipe 7 of the secondary condenser section 6, and extending the length of the secondary condenser section 6, but preferably not exceeding the length of the secondary condenser section 6. The secondary bottom valve cover 24 is provided with a nozzle 26 for drawing non-condensable substances and condensate.

[0092] according to Figure 34 The illustrated embodiment of an alternative single-stage condenser lacks a secondary section or a secondary bottom cover, and the bottom cover 16 is in direct fluid communication with all the tubes in the heat exchanger panel 2. According to this embodiment, the bottom cover 16 extends along the bottom length of the heat exchanger panel 2, which is connected to the bottom side of the bottom tube sheet 14. The bottom cover 16 delivers steam to the bottom ends of all the tubes in the condenser bundle 8 in the heat exchanger panel 2. The tops of all the tubes are connected to the top tube sheet 10, which is connected to the top cover 12 at its top. Uncondensed steam and non-condensable matter flow from all the tubes 7 in the heat exchanger panel 2 into the top cover 12 and are extracted from the top cover 12 for further processing. Condensate flows from the bottom of all the tubes 7 into the bottom cover 16 and then into the steam distribution manifold.

[0093] The steam inlet / condenser outlet 18 for heat exchanger panel 2 and the steam inlet / condenser outlet 18 for all heat exchanger panels in the same ACC condenser unit 27 are connected to a large cylinder or upper steam distribution manifold 28 suspended below the heat exchanger panel 2, extending at their midpoint along a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the heat exchanger panel 2. See, for example, Figures 13-15, 20A, and 20B. The upper steam distribution manifold 28 extends across the width of the condenser unit 27 and is closed at both ends. At its bottom center, the upper steam distribution manifold 28 connects to a single riser 30, which connects at its bottom to a lower steam distribution manifold 32. At a position below the center point of each heat exchanger panel 2 on the top surface of the upper steam distribution manifold 28, the upper steam distribution manifold 28 is fitted with a Y-shaped nozzle 29, which connects to the steam inlet / condenser outlet 18 at the bottom of each pair of adjacent heat exchanger panels 2.

[0094] According to this structure, each condenser unit 27 of the ACC receives steam from a single riser 30. The single riser 30 supplies steam to a single upper steam distribution manifold 28, which is suspended directly below the center point of each heat exchanger panel 2; and the upper steam distribution manifold 28 supplies steam to each heat exchanger panel 2 in the condenser unit 27 through a single steam inlet / condenser outlet 18.

[0095] Therefore, steam from the industrial process travels along turbine exhaust duct 31, which is located at or near the ground, or at any one or more heights suitable for the site layout. As turbine exhaust duct 31 approaches the ACC of the present invention, it branches into multiple sub-ducts (lower steam distribution manifolds 32), with one sub-duct corresponding to the passage / row 34 of each condenser unit 27 of the ACC. Each lower steam distribution manifold 32 travels below its corresponding passage / row 34 in the condenser unit 27 and extends upwards as a single riser 30 at the center point of each condenser unit 27. See, for example... Figure 13A and 13B A single riser 30 connects to the bottom of an upper steam distribution manifold 28, which is suspended from the frame 36 of the condenser module 37, as shown in Figures 13-15. The upper steam distribution manifold 28 delivers steam through multiple Y-shaped nozzles 29 to a pair of steam inlets / condenser outlets 18 on each pair of adjacent heat exchanger panels 2, as shown in Figures 13-15. Figure 15-17 Steam travels along the bottom valve cover 16 and upwards through the tube 7 of the primary condenser section 4, condensing as air flows through the finned tube 7 of the primary condenser section 4. The condensate flows downwards along the same tube 7 in the primary condenser section 4, counter-current to the steam, collects in the bottom valve cover 16, and ultimately flows back to the condensate collection tank (not shown) through the upper steam distribution manifold 28, the lower steam distribution manifold 32, and the turbine exhaust pipe 31. According to a preferred embodiment, the connection between the bottom valve cover 16 and the upper steam distribution manifold 28 may be provided with a deflector 40 to separate the discharged / descending condensate from the incoming steam.

[0096] Uncondensed steam and non-condensable matter are collected in the top valve cover 12 and drawn to the center of the heat exchanger panel 2, where they travel along the pipes 7 of the secondary condenser section 6 and merge with the condensate formed therein. Non-condensable matter is drawn into the secondary bottom valve cover 24 located within the bottom valve cover 16 and discharged through the outlet nozzle 26. Additional condensate formed in the secondary condenser section 6 is collected in the secondary bottom valve cover 24 and also flows through the outlet nozzle 26, then through the condensate pipe 42 to the upper steam distribution manifold 28 to merge with the water collected from the primary condenser section 4.

[0097] According to another feature of the invention, the heat exchanger panel 2 is suspended from the frame 36 of the condenser module 37 by a plurality of flexible hangers 50, which allow the heat exchanger panel 2 to expand and contract based on heat load and weather. Figure 17 This illustrates how the hanger 50 is connected to the frame 36 of the condenser module 37, and Figure 18A , 18BFigures 19A and 19B illustrate details of two embodiments of the hanger. According to each embodiment, the hanger 50 is configured to allow the heat exchanger panel 2 to extend or retract while providing support for its weight. Four hangers 50 are used for each heat exchanger panel 2. According to one embodiment, the hanger 50 consists of a rod 54, each rod having a sleeve 56 at each end. The sleeve 56 is disposed on the rod 54 and is prevented from detaching from the respective end by a retaining disc or knob at each end of the rod 54, the retaining disc or knob being disposed in a correspondingly shaped groove on the inner surface of the respective sleeve; however, the groove does not extend to the end of the sleeve. One end of the hanger 50 is connected to the frame 36 of the condenser module 37, and the other end of the hanger is attached to a lift / support angle 15 or other attachment point on the top tube sheet 10 or bottom tube sheet 14. The sleeve 56 is preferably adjustable to allow the correct hanger length to be set during construction. Once set up, the movement of the heat exchanger panel 2 is adjusted by the ball joints at the top and bottom of the hanger 50 and the angular displacement of the hanger 50.

[0098] The heat exchanger panels 2 can be independently mounted into and supported within the heat exchange module frame 36. The heat exchanger panels 2 can be supported within the heat exchange module frame 36 according to any of a variety of configurations. Figures 13-17 and 23-27 show the heat exchanger panels 2 independently supported within the heat exchange module frame 36, wherein adjacent heat exchanger panels 2 are tilted in opposite directions relative to the vertical. Figure 28 An alternative embodiment is shown in which each heat exchanger panel 2 is independently supported in the heat exchange module, each heat exchanger panel is vertically oriented, and an optional air deflection seal 70 is positioned on a ramp between the bottom of one heat exchanger panel 2 and the top of the adjacent heat exchanger panel 2. Figure 29 Another alternative embodiment is shown, wherein each heat exchanger panel 2 on one side of the heat exchange module is tilted in one direction relative to the vertical, while each heat exchanger panel 2 on the other side of the heat exchange module is tilted in the opposite direction relative to the vertical, and an optional air deflection seal 70 is vertically positioned between each pair of adjacent heat exchanger panels 2.

[0099] According to alternative embodiments of the invention, such as Figure 25-27As shown, instead of multiple upper steam distribution manifolds 28, lower steam distribution manifolds 32, and risers 30, the air-cooled condenser of the present invention can alternatively have multiple overhead steam distribution manifolds 66, which are directly connected to overhead turbine steam ducts 68; wherein each overhead steam distribution manifold extends along its length and supplies steam to the heat exchanger panels of multiple heat exchange modules along the channels / rows 34 of the condenser unit 27. The overhead steam distribution manifolds 66 can be suspended from the heat exchanger module frame in the same manner as the upper steam distribution manifolds 28 are suspended from the heat exchanger module frame. Similarly, the overhead steam distribution manifolds 66 extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panels and are connected to the heat exchanger panels at their center points via multiple Y-shaped nozzles, connecting to a pair of steam inlets / condenser outlets for each pair of adjacent heat exchanger panels. According to this embodiment, the lower steam distribution manifolds 32 and risers 30 are eliminated, and the overhead steam manifolds are supplied directly from the turbine exhaust duct, which itself is raised to the height of the overhead steam manifolds.

[0100] According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, such as Figures 35-37 As shown, multiple elevated steam distribution manifolds 66 can be connected to ground turbine exhaust pipes 76 via end risers 78.

[0101] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ACC of the present invention is constructed in a modular manner. According to various embodiments, the lower structure 62, the condenser module 37, and the gas chamber portion 64 can be separated on the ground and assembled simultaneously. According to one embodiment, the heat exchange module frame can be raised onto the rod-type lower structure, its height just sufficient to allow the upper steam distribution manifold 28 to be suspended below the heat exchange module frame. The heat exchanger panel 2 is then lowered and attached to the frame 36 of the condenser module 37 and the upper steam distribution manifold 28, preferably at or just above ground level, see [reference]. Figure 20A and 20B Once completed, the assembled condenser module 37 with the attached upper steam distribution manifold 28 can be lifted and placed on top of the corresponding completed lower structure 62. Figure 22 and 23 ).

[0102] The chamber portion 64 of each ACC condenser unit 27 (including the chamber portion frame, fan deck supported on the chamber portion frame, one or more fans, and one or more fan shrouds) can be assembled on the ground with a single large fan, as shown in the figure, for example. Figure 13A , 13B (e.g., 14, 15, 21, 21B, and 24-29); or, it can be assembled with multiple elongated fan decks 72 (also on the ground), each fan deck supporting multiple smaller fans 74 arranged in a row, such as... Figure 30-32As shown. The dimensions of each fan deck tray 72 are preferably suited for loading into a standard shipping container. Therefore, the fan 74 can be attached to the fan deck tray 72 at the factory and transported to the final assembly location. An example of the fan 74 is shown below. Figure 33 As shown. According to various embodiments, the fan motors can be NEMA standard or electronically commutated. According to a preferred aspect of the multi-fan deck tray embodiment, each fan draws air across no more than two heat exchanger panels, fan replacement is significantly simplified, and the loss of one or even more fans does not produce a significant difference in performance.

[0103] The corresponding air chamber section 64 will then be completed. Figure 21A and 21B or Figure 31 and 32 ) to be placed in condenser module 37 ( Figure 24 The top of the condenser module 37. Alternatively, the chamber section frame (without any fan or fan deck plate) can be lifted to the top of the condenser module 37; and after the chamber section frame is placed on top of the condenser module 37, the fan deck plate 72 can be lifted to the top of the frame of the chamber section 64. Although the assembly described herein is depicted as being performed on a slope, the assembly of the various modules can be performed in their final positions if the planning and construction scheme permits.

[0104] Apart from embodiments that are incompatible with them, each feature and alternative embodiment herein is intended and contemplated to work together and be used in combination with each of the other features and embodiments described herein. That is, each heat exchange module arrangement (e.g., single-stage, multi-stage) and each heat exchanger panel arrangement (e.g., all vertical, all tilted in one direction, each tilted in an alternating direction) described herein, and each tube type and fin type, each steam manifold arrangement and fan arrangement (single fan, multi fan) described herein are intended to be compatible with each combination of embodiments for various ACC components; and the inventors believe that their invention is not limited to exemplary combinations of embodiments reflected in the specification and drawings for illustrative purposes.

Claims

1. A large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser, connected to an industrial steam production facility, comprising: One or more condenser channels, each condenser channel including a row of condenser modules, each condenser module including a gas chamber section; The air chamber section has one or more fans that draw in air and pass it through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section; and each heat exchanger panel has a longitudinal axis and a transverse axis perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. Each heat exchanger panel includes multiple tubes, a top valve cover, and a bottom valve cover; the top valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the top of each tube; the bottom valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom of at least a portion of the tubes; the bottom valve cover has a single steam inlet. Each condenser passage includes a steam distribution manifold suspended from the heat exchanger section, arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel at the midpoint of the heat exchanger panel, and extending the length of the condenser passage below multiple heat exchanger panels; the steam distribution manifold includes a cylinder having a first end and a second end, the cylinder being closed at the second end away from the first end, the cylinder having multiple connectors on its top surface, each connector being adapted to connect to a corresponding single steam inlet.

2. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, Each heat exchanger panel includes a single condenser stage, wherein all tubes in the heat exchanger panel receive steam from the bottom end of the tubes.

3. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, Each heat exchanger panel includes: a secondary condenser section, a primary condenser section, and a top valve cover, the top valve cover being connected to and in fluid communication with the top end of each tube in the secondary condenser section and the primary condenser section; a primary bottom valve cover being connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom end of each tube in the primary condenser section; an internal secondary chamber within the bottom valve cover being connected to and in communication with the bottom end of each tube in the secondary condenser section; the secondary bottom valve cover being connected to the top side of the primary bottom valve cover, each of the primary bottom valve covers having a single valve stem inlet.

4. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 3, wherein, Each heat exchanger panel includes two primary condenser sections located on the flanks of the secondary section.

5. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 4, wherein, The secondary condenser section is centrally located along the heat exchange panel, and a primary condenser section is connected to each end.

6. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, The steam distribution manifold cylinder is attached to the turbine exhaust pipe at its first end.

7. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, The steam distribution manifold is closed at both ends and has a single connector on its bottom surface that connects to the steam riser.

8. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the heat exchanger panels is independently suspended from the frame of the heat exchanger section by multiple flexible suspension supports.

9. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, All heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction.

10. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, All heat exchange panels in a single heat exchanger section are vertically oriented.

11. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, All heat exchange panels in a single heat exchanger section are oriented in the same direction, at the same angle to the vertical.

12. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, All heat exchange panels on one side of a single heat exchanger section are tilted in one direction relative to the vertical, while all heat exchange panels on the other side of the single heat exchanger section are tilted in the opposite direction relative to the vertical.

13. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The air chamber section includes a single fan mounted on a fan deck frame, which draws air into all the heat exchanger panels in the heat exchange section.

14. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The air chamber portion includes multiple fan deck discs placed on a fan deck frame, each of the fan deck discs including multiple fans.

15. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 14, wherein, Each fan draws in air across no more than two heat exchange panels.

16. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 8, wherein, Each of the flexible suspension supports includes a central rod connected at each end to a connecting sleeve; and wherein one connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the heat exchanger section frame, and a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the tube sheet of the heat exchanger panel.

17. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have a length of 2.0m to 2.8m, a cross-sectional height of 120mm, and a cross-sectional width of 4-10mm.

18. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 17, wherein, The cross-sectional width of the tube is 5.2-7 mm.

19. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 18, wherein, The cross-sectional width of the tube is 6 mm.

20. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins attached to the flat side of the tubes, the fins being 9 to 10 mm high and spaced at 5 to 12 fins per inch.

21. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 3, wherein, The plurality of tubes in the heat exchanger panel have fins attached to the flat side of the tubes, the fins being 18 mm to 20 mm in height, spanning the space between adjacent tubes and contacting adjacent tubes, the fins being spaced 5 to 12 fins per inch.

22. A method for assembling a large field-mounted air-cooled condenser according to claim 1, comprising: Assemble the heat exchange section on the ground, including the heat exchange section frame and the heat exchanger panel; The heat exchange section is supported at a height from the ground that is only sufficient to suspend the steam distribution manifold section directly below and adjacent to the heat exchanger panel. Assemble the air chamber section with fan deck and fan assembly on the ground; The assembled heat exchange section and steam distribution manifold section are raised and placed on top of the corresponding lower structure; Attach adjacent steam distribution manifold sections together; and, The assembled air chamber section is raised and placed on top of the heat exchange section.

23. A large-scale, field-installed, air-cooled industrial steam condenser, connected to an industrial steam production facility, comprising: One or more condenser channels, each condenser channel including a row of condenser modules, each condenser module including a gas chamber section; The air chamber section has one or more fans that draw in air and pass it through multiple heat exchanger panels supported in the heat exchanger section. Each heat exchanger panel has a vertical axis and a horizontal axis perpendicular to its vertical axis; Each heat exchanger panel includes: a plurality of condenser tubes and a top valve cover, the top valve cover being connected to and in fluid communication with the top of each of the plurality of condenser tubes; A bottom valve cover is connected to and in fluid communication with the bottom end of each of the plurality of condenser tubes, and each of the bottom valve covers has a single steam inlet; Each condenser passage includes a steam distribution manifold suspended on and directly adjacent to the bottom side of the heat exchanger section, arranged along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger panel at the midpoint of the heat exchanger panel, and extending the length of the condenser passage; the steam distribution manifold includes a cylinder attached at a first end to a turbine exhaust pipe and closed at a second end away from the first end; the cylinder has a plurality of connectors on its top surface, each connector being adapted to connect to an inlet of the bottom valve cover.

24. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, Each heat exchanger panel includes a single condenser stage, wherein all tubes in the heat exchanger panel receive steam from the bottom end of the tubes.

25. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, The top valve cover is configured to receive non-condensable gases from the condenser.

26. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, Each of the heat exchanger panels is suspended from the condenser module frame by multiple flexible suspension supports.

27. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 26, wherein, Each of the flexible suspension supports includes a central rod connected at each end to a connecting sleeve; and wherein one connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the condenser module frame, and a second connecting sleeve of each flexible suspension support is connected to the tube sheet of the heat exchanger panel.

28. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, The length of the multiple condenser tubes is 2.0m to 2.8m, the cross-sectional height is 120mm, and the cross-sectional width is 4-10mm.

29. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 28, wherein, The cross-sectional width of the condenser tube is 5.2-7 mm.

30. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 29, wherein, The cross-sectional width of the condenser tube is 6 mm.

31. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, The plurality of condenser tubes have fins attached to the flat side of the tubes, the fins being 9 to 10 mm high and spaced at 5 to 12 fins per inch.

32. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 23, wherein, The plurality of condenser tubes have fins attached to the flat side of the tubes, the fins being 18 mm to 20 mm in height, spanning the space between adjacent tubes and contacting adjacent tubes, the fins being spaced 5 to 12 fins per inch.

33. A method for assembling a large field-mounted air-cooled condenser according to claim 23, comprising: Assemble the heat exchange section on the ground, including the heat exchange section frame and the heat exchanger panel; The heat exchange section is supported at a height from the ground that is only sufficient to suspend the steam distribution manifold section directly below and adjacent to the heat exchanger panel. Assemble the air chamber section with fan deck and fan assembly on the ground; The assembled heat exchange section and steam distribution manifold section are raised and placed on top of the corresponding lower structure; Connect adjacent steam distribution manifold sections to each other; and The assembled air chamber section is raised and placed on top of the heat exchange section.

34. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32, wherein, All heat exchanger panels in a single heat exchange section are oriented in the same direction.

35. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32, wherein, All heat exchange panels in a single heat exchange section are vertically oriented.

36. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32, wherein, All heat exchange panels in a single heat exchange section are oriented in the same direction, at the same angle to the vertical.

37. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32, wherein, All heat exchange panels on one side of a single heat exchange section are tilted in one direction relative to the vertical, while all heat exchange panels on the other side of the single heat exchange section are tilted in the opposite direction relative to the vertical.

38. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to any one of claims 23-32, wherein, The air chamber portion includes multiple fan deck plates placed on a fan deck frame, each fan deck plate including multiple fans, each fan drawing in air across no more than two heat exchange panels.

39. The large-scale field-installed air-cooled industrial steam condenser according to claim 1, wherein, The top valve cover is configured to receive non-condensable gases from the condenser.

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