A method and system for generating buildable landscapes based on three-dimensional modeling

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on three-dimensional modeling buildable landscape generation method and system, including the following steps: S1, the basic data of target landscape area is collected, generates landscape constraint data set;S2, construct landscape element parameterization base element library, generates parameterization base element set;S3, construct landscape space skeleton structure, generates landscape space skeleton constraint result;S4, input to improved 3DGS algorithm, introduce construction direction constraint modulation mechanism, generate initial landscape three-dimensional modeling result;S5, construct construction relationship description, generate landscape construction relationship result;S6, execute buildability check processing, generate buildable landscape generation result.The application realizes the unity of landscape generation result in spatial structure rationality, engineering implementability and modeling continuity, improves the reliability and consistency of landscape design achievement to actual construction landing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of 3D modeling and digital landscape design technology, and in particular to a method and system for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing application of digital design technology, 3D modeling technology, and intelligent construction concepts in landscape planning and engineering construction, landscape scheme generation and decision support based on 3D models are gradually becoming an important development direction. Current landscape design processes typically rely on 2D drawings and experience-based modeling to express spatial composition. The design results need to be repeatedly checked and adjusted by engineers in subsequent stages based on construction specifications and site conditions. This fragmented process leads to low design efficiency and significant uncertainty regarding the constructability of the schemes. To improve the efficiency of landscape scheme generation and engineering feasibility, some research has begun to explore the introduction of 3D modeling methods to express landscape space holistically. However, in practical applications, the following problems still commonly exist: Existing 3D landscape modeling methods primarily focus on visual expression and effect display, mainly paying attention to geometric appearance, material rendering, and spatial morphological continuity. They lack a systematic depiction of engineering constraints such as terrain slope, spatial skeleton structure, and construction specifications, resulting in 3D models that fail to directly meet construction requirements in terms of size, spacing, and orientation. Traditional 3D modeling methods based on meshes or voxels exhibit high model dispersion in complex landscape scenes, making it difficult to embed multi-source engineering parameters while ensuring continuous representation accuracy. The model adjustment process is complex and prone to introducing structural conflicts. Furthermore, existing methods mostly remain at the geometric adjacency level in modeling the spatial relationships between landscape components, lacking a unified description of support relationships, connection relationships, and stability conditions. This makes it impossible to systematically verify the constructability of the generated results, leading to a significant amount of manual correction required during the later construction phase.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a method and system for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to propose a method and system for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling. This invention addresses the engineering feasibility of landscape spaces by combining spatial coordinate unification, scale normalization, parameterized primitive construction of landscape elements, construction of landscape spatial skeleton structures, and an improved 3DGS algorithm to continuously represent and generate landscape spaces in three dimensions. By introducing a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism during the 3D modeling process, this invention integrates terrain slope direction, spatial skeleton direction, and structural normal information into the Gaussian unit construction process. Furthermore, by combining the description of the construction relationships between instantiated parameterized primitives with constructability verification processing, the Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted to form a 3D landscape generation result that meets engineering construction constraints. This invention achieves a unified expression of landscape spatial structural constraints, engineering parameter constraints, and continuous 3D representation, possessing advantages such as high constructability of the generated landscape, strong consistency of spatial structure, and good engineering adaptability.

[0005] A method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: S1. Collect basic data of the target landscape area, perform spatial coordinate unification and scale normalization processing, and generate a landscape constraint dataset. S2. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct a landscape element parameterized primitive library and generate a parameterized primitive set; S3. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct the landscape spatial skeleton structure and generate the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results; S4. Input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint result and the parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, perform instantiation 3D modeling processing on the parameterized primitive set, represent the instantiated parameterized primitive as a continuous 3D representation structure composed of multiple Gaussian units, and introduce a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism into the Gaussian units during the modeling process to generate the initial landscape 3D modeling result. S5. Based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives and generate landscape construction relationship results; S6. Based on the landscape construction relationship results, perform constructability verification processing on the initial landscape 3D modeling results; if the verification fails, adjust the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution to generate constructable landscape generation results.

[0006] Optionally, S1 specifically includes: Collect topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data of landscape structures in the target landscape area; The topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data of landscape structures are processed using a coordinate reference system to form unified coordinate base data. Perform spatial resolution unification processing on the unified coordinate base data to form unified resolution data; Perform spatial range cropping on uniform resolution data to form target range data; Scale normalization is performed on the target range data to obtain normalized data; the normalized data is then merged into a landscape constraint dataset.

[0007] Optionally, S2 specifically includes: Based on the landscape constraint dataset, a set of parameterized primitive types for landscape elements is defined, which includes terrain adaptation primitives, landscape construction primitives, vegetation configuration primitives, and paving and path primitives. Set elevation, slope, and boundary parameters for the terrain adaptation primitive; set outline, size, and elevation parameters for the landscape construction primitive; set plant spacing, crown width, and height parameters for the vegetation configuration primitive; and set width, curvature, and paving thickness parameters for the paving and path primitive. Extract size constraint parameters, spacing constraint parameters, slope constraint parameters, and elevation constraint parameters from construction specification constraint data and standard parameter data of landscape structures, and write these parameters into the parameter range of the corresponding landscape element parameterized primitives. Based on the landscape functional zoning data, the terrain adaptation primitive, landscape construction primitive, vegetation configuration primitive, paving and path primitive are configured by combination rules to form a parameterized primitive library of landscape elements. Based on the landscape element parameterized primitive library and landscape constraint dataset, instance generation processing is performed on the landscape element parameterized primitives to output a set of parameterized primitives.

[0008] Optionally, S3 specifically includes: Based on the topographic elevation data, surface slope data and landscape functional zoning data in the landscape constraint dataset, the overall boundary range of the landscape space is delineated. Within the overall boundary area, the spatial distribution of functional zones is determined based on landscape functional zoning data, and functional zone spatial layout data is generated. Based on the functional partition spatial layout data, spatial connection path data between partitions is constructed, and the spatial connection path data includes path direction information and path node information. By combining topographic elevation data and surface slope data, elevation constraint processing is performed on the spatial connection path data to generate an elevation-continuous spatial connection path. Based on the spatial connection paths and functional zoning spatial layout data with continuous elevation, a landscape spatial skeleton structure is constructed; the landscape spatial skeleton structure is then output as a landscape spatial skeleton constraint result.

[0009] Optionally, the improved 3DGS algorithm specifically includes: Based on the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and the parameterized primitive set, the parameterized primitives in the parameterized primitive set are instantiated to generate instantiated parameterized primitives; Gaussian representation construction is performed on the instantiated parameterized primitives, mapping the instantiated parameterized primitives into a three-dimensional representation structure composed of multiple Gaussian units; Assign spatial location parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters to the Gaussian unit; Based on the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results, constraint matching processing is performed on the spatial location parameters to form a Gaussian unit spatial distribution that conforms to the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. Based on the parameter range information in the parameterized primitive set, the scale parameter is subjected to a limiting process; A construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced in the modeling process. The construction direction constraint modulation mechanism includes determining the construction direction information corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set, generating direction constraint parameters based on the construction direction information, mapping the direction constraint parameters to the direction parameters, and outputting Gaussian units that have undergone direction modulation. Combination processing is performed on Gaussian units that have undergone directional modulation to generate initial 3D landscape modeling results.

[0010] Optionally, the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is specifically as follows: Based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set, extract the unit vector of slope direction, unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction, and unit vector of structural normal corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive; According to the preset weight ratio, the unit vector of slope direction, the unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction, and the unit vector of structural normal direction are linearly combined, and the linear combination result is normalized to obtain the construction direction vector. Based on the construction constraint parameters, the main expansion coefficient along the construction direction vector, the secondary expansion coefficient in the direction orthogonal to the construction direction vector, and the restriction coefficient in the plane perpendicular to the construction direction vector are determined to form a set of direction constraint parameters; Based on the spatial relationship between the construction direction vector and the reference axis direction, an orientation alignment relationship is constructed; Based on the orientation alignment relationship and the set of orientation constraint parameters, the orientation parameters of the Gaussian unit are modulated to generate modulated orientation parameters with directional distribution characteristics; The modulation direction parameters are written into the Gaussian cell, and the Gaussian cell with the direction modulation is output.

[0011] Optionally, S5 specifically includes: The instantiated parametric primitives in the initial landscape 3D modeling results are assigned primitive identifiers to form a primitive identifier set. Based on the spatial position parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the spatial distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The spatial distance is equal to the length of the vector of the difference between the coordinates of the center points of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the boundary parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the boundary distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The boundary distance is equal to the minimum Euclidean distance between the boundary sets of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the elevation difference between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The elevation difference is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the elevation values ​​of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the comparison between the boundary spacing and the preset spacing threshold, if the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, the spatial constraint relationship is recorded; Based on the comparison between the elevation difference and the preset elevation threshold, if the elevation difference is less than the elevation threshold, the connection relationship is recorded; Based on the comparison between the spatial distance and the preset support distance threshold, if the spatial distance is less than the support distance threshold and the orientation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives meet the normal consistency condition, then the support relationship is recorded. By combining spatial constraints, connections, and support relationships with corresponding primitive identifiers, landscape construction relationship results are generated.

[0012] Optionally, the constructability verification process for the initial 3D landscape modeling results based on the landscape construction relationship results specifically includes: Based on the landscape structure relationship results, primitive identifier pairs corresponding to spatial constraint relationships, connection relationships and support relationships are extracted to form a set of relationship identifiers; Based on the relation identifier set, the spatial location parameters, scale parameters, orientation parameters, boundary parameters, and elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives corresponding to the relation identifier set in the initial landscape 3D modeling results are extracted to form a verification parameter set; Spatial constraint relationships are checked for spacing. Spatial check includes calculating the boundary spacing between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on boundary parameters, and comparing the boundary spacing with a spacing threshold. If the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, it is marked as spacing failure. The connection relationship is checked for elevation. The elevation check includes calculating the elevation difference between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on the elevation parameter, and comparing the elevation difference with the elevation threshold. If the elevation difference is greater than the elevation threshold, it is marked as elevation failure. The stability of the support relationship is verified. The stability verification includes calculating the spatial distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on the spatial position parameters, and comparing the spatial distance with the support distance threshold. If the spatial distance is greater than the support distance threshold, the support is marked as unsuccessful. The stability verification also includes calculating the normal consistency based on the direction parameters. The normal consistency is equal to the absolute value of the dot product of the normal unit vectors of the two instantiated parameterized primitives, and comparing the normal consistency with the normal threshold. If the normal consistency is less than the normal threshold, the normal is marked as unsuccessful.

[0013] Optionally, if the verification fails, the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted to generate a constructible landscape result, specifically: Summarize the non-compliant spacing, non-compliant elevation, non-compliant support, and non-compliant normal, and generate a set of verification marks; The initial landscape 3D modeling results are adjusted based on the set of verification marks. The adjustment process includes locating the corresponding Gaussian unit based on the set of verification marks, adjusting the scale parameter according to the boundary spacing, adjusting the spatial position parameter according to the elevation difference, adjusting the spatial position parameter according to the support distance, and adjusting the direction parameter according to the normal consistency, so as to generate a buildable landscape.

[0014] Optionally, a constructible landscape generation system based on 3D modeling includes the following modules: The data processing module is used to collect basic data of the target landscape area and generate a landscape constraint dataset; The primitive construction module is used to construct a parameterized primitive library for landscape elements based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate a parameterized primitive set. The skeleton generation module is used to construct a landscape spatial skeleton structure based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. The modeling generation module is used to input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, introduce the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism, and generate the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling results; The verification and adjustment module is used to construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, and generate landscape construction relationship results; perform constructability verification processing on the initial landscape 3D modeling results; if the verification fails, adjust the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution to generate constructable landscape generation results.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: By constructing a landscape spatial skeleton structure, the spatial layout data of functional zones and the spatial connection path data are integrated into the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results, so that the overall spatial structure of the landscape is clearly constrained in the three-dimensional modeling process, effectively avoiding the problems of structural break, discontinuous path or chaotic functional zone relationship in the spatial distribution of landscape elements. In the improved 3DGS algorithm, a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced, which merges the unit vector of slope direction, the unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction, and the unit vector of structural normal direction into a construction direction vector. The scale parameters and direction parameters of Gaussian elements are modulated through the direction constraint parameters, so that the Gaussian elements can simultaneously meet the engineering construction direction consistency requirements in the continuous three-dimensional representation process, and realize the deep integration of continuous three-dimensional representation and engineering construction constraints. By constructing a description of the construction relationships between instantiated parameterized primitives, spatial constraint relationships, connection relationships, and support relationships are formed. Based on this, constructability verification processing is performed to systematically verify the spacing, elevation, support stability, and normal consistency. This allows potential engineering non-constructability issues to be discovered and corrected during the generation stage of the landscape 3D modeling results. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a data flow diagram of a constructible landscape generation method based on 3D modeling proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a constructible landscape generation system based on three-dimensional modeling proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0018] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A method for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling includes the following steps: S1. Collect basic data of the target landscape area, perform spatial coordinate unification and scale normalization processing, and generate a landscape constraint dataset. S2. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct a landscape element parameterized primitive library and generate a parameterized primitive set; S3. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct the landscape spatial skeleton structure and generate the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results; S4. Input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint result and the parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, perform instantiation 3D modeling processing on the parameterized primitive set, represent the instantiated parameterized primitive as a continuous 3D representation structure composed of multiple Gaussian units, and introduce a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism into the Gaussian units during the modeling process to generate the initial landscape 3D modeling result. S5. Based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives and generate landscape construction relationship results; S6. Based on the landscape construction relationship results, perform constructability verification processing on the initial landscape 3D modeling results; if the verification fails, adjust the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution to generate constructable landscape generation results.

[0019] This implementation method collects basic data of the target landscape area and performs spatial coordinate unification and scale normalization processing to form a landscape constraint dataset, providing a unified spatial benchmark and scale basis for subsequent modeling processes. Furthermore, based on the landscape constraint dataset, a parametric primitive library of landscape elements is constructed, and a parametric primitive set is generated, ensuring controllability and consistency of landscape constituent units at the parameter level. Even further, based on the landscape constraint dataset, a landscape spatial skeleton structure is constructed, and landscape spatial skeleton constraint results are generated, ensuring that the overall spatial layout of the landscape is structurally constrained during the modeling stage. Simultaneously, the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and the parametric primitive set are input into an improved 3DGS algorithm to perform instantiated 3D modeling processing on the parametric primitive set. Furthermore, a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced at the Gaussian unit level to ensure that the generated continuous three-dimensional representation structure meets the construction direction consistency requirement while expressing spatial morphology. Further, based on the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling results, a construction relationship description between instantiated parameterized primitives is constructed and landscape construction relationship results are generated, clearly depicting the spatial and structural relationships between landscape constituent units. Even further, based on the landscape construction relationship results, constructability verification processing is performed on the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling results, and if the verification fails, the Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted so that the final output landscape three-dimensional result simultaneously meets spatial modeling requirements and actual construction constraints, thus forming a landscape generation result with constructability attributes.

[0020] In this embodiment, S1 specifically refers to: The following data were collected for the target landscape area: topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data for landscape structures. Topographic elevation data was recorded in a regular grid format, showing the elevation values ​​corresponding to the spatial sampling points. Surface slope data was calculated from the elevation difference and horizontal distance between adjacent spatial sampling points. Geological stability data was represented by area division identifiers and stability level values, with stability level values ​​ranging from 1 to 5. Landscape functional zoning data was represented by two-dimensional plane zoning boundary coordinates and zoning identifiers. Construction specification constraint data was represented by size limit values, spacing limit values, and slope limit values. Standard parameter data for landscape structures was represented by structure type identifiers and corresponding standard size values. The coordinate reference system is processed for topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data of landscape structures. The coordinate reference system processing includes converting the spatial coordinates of data from different sources into the same plane coordinate system, and using a unified elevation datum to correct the offset of elevation values, thus forming unified coordinate base data. The unified coordinate base data is subjected to spatial resolution unification processing. Spatial resolution unification processing includes resampling the data according to a preset spatial sampling interval. Preferably, the spatial sampling interval is set to a fixed value among 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters or 5 meters to form unified resolution data. The uniform resolution data is subjected to spatial range cropping. The spatial range cropping process is based on the planning boundary coordinates of the target landscape area. Data that exceeds the planning boundary is removed, and only the data within the planning boundary is retained to form the target range data. The target area data is scaled and normalized. The scale normalization process includes mapping the elevation values, slope values, stability level values ​​and size parameters to a normalized interval of 0 to 1 according to the preset minimum and maximum value intervals. The preset minimum and maximum values ​​are determined by the historical statistical data of the target landscape area. The data that has been scaled and normalized is integrated according to the spatial location index to form a landscape constraint dataset that includes topographic elevation, surface slope, geological stability, landscape functional zoning, construction specification constraints, and standard parameters of landscape structures. The landscape constraint dataset is stored in the form of a multidimensional array, with the dimensions of the multidimensional array corresponding to the spatial location index and the constraint attribute values, respectively.

[0021] In this embodiment, S2 specifically refers to: Based on the landscape constraint dataset, a set of parameterized primitive types for landscape elements is defined. The set of parameterized primitive types for landscape elements consists of terrain adaptation primitives, landscape construction primitives, vegetation configuration primitives, and paving and path primitives. Among them, the terrain adaptation primitive represents the basic spatial unit that matches the continuous changes in terrain, the landscape construction primitive represents the landscape constituent unit with a clear construction form and engineering attributes, the vegetation configuration primitive represents the greening configuration unit that exists in the form of a single plant or a regular group, and the paving and path primitive represents the linear or planar spatial unit that carries the functions of passage and paving. Elevation parameters, slope parameters, and boundary parameters are set for the terrain adaptation primitive. The elevation parameter is represented by a continuous numerical form to indicate the ground height corresponding to the spatial sampling point. The slope parameter is represented by the ratio of the elevation difference between adjacent sampling points to the horizontal distance. Preferably, the slope parameter ranges from 0 to 45. The boundary parameter is represented by a closed polygon coordinate sequence to indicate the spatial coverage of the terrain adaptation primitive. The outline parameters, size parameters, and elevation parameters are set for the landscape building elements. The outline parameters are represented by two-dimensional planar outline coordinates to represent the shape of the building. The size parameters are represented by a combination of length, width, and height values. Preferably, the length value ranges from 1 to 50, the width value ranges from 1 to 30, and the height value ranges from 0.5 to 20. The elevation parameters are represented by the topographic elevation value corresponding to the bottom of the building element. The plant spacing parameter, crown width parameter, and height parameter are set for the vegetation configuration unit. The plant spacing parameter represents the distance between the center points of adjacent vegetation configuration units. Preferably, the plant spacing parameter ranges from 0.5 to 6. The crown width parameter represents the diameter of the vegetation projection range. Preferably, the crown width parameter ranges from 0.3 to 10. The height parameter represents the vertical growth height of the vegetation. Preferably, the height parameter ranges from 0.2 to 25. Width, curvature, and thickness parameters are set for the paving and path primitives. The width parameter represents the lateral dimension of the paving or path. Preferably, the width parameter ranges from 0.8 to 12. The curvature parameter represents the degree of continuous bending of the path centerline. The curvature parameter is represented by the ratio of the angle of change of adjacent path directions to the path length. The paving thickness parameter represents the vertical thickness of the paving structure. Preferably, the paving thickness parameter ranges from 0.08 to 0.5. Size constraint parameters, spacing constraint parameters, slope constraint parameters, and elevation constraint parameters are extracted from construction specification constraint data and standard parameter data of landscape structures. Size constraint parameters are represented in the form of minimum and maximum size values, spacing constraint parameters are represented in the form of the minimum allowable spacing between adjacent primitives, slope constraint parameters are represented in the form of the maximum allowable slope value, and elevation constraint parameters are represented in the form of the allowable elevation difference value. The size constraint parameters, spacing constraint parameters, slope constraint parameters, and elevation constraint parameters are written into the parameter range of the corresponding landscape element parameterized primitives, so that the parameterized primitives meet the engineering and planning constraints at the numerical level. Based on the landscape functional zoning data, combination rules are configured for terrain adaptation primitives, landscape construction primitives, vegetation configuration primitives, and paving and path primitives. The combination rule configuration includes limiting the combination relationship of primitive types that can appear in different functional zones, the range of primitive density, and the spatial arrangement. The primitive density is expressed as the number of primitives per unit area. Preferably, the primitive density ranges from 1 to 20 per 100 square meters, forming a parameterized primitive library of landscape elements with functional consistency. Based on the landscape element parameterized primitive library and landscape constraint dataset, instance generation processing is performed on the landscape element parameterized primitives. The instance generation process includes assigning specific parameter values ​​and spatial location indices to each parameterized primitive under the condition of satisfying parameter range and combination rules, and outputting a set of parameterized primitives. The set of parameterized primitives is stored in the form of a data structure containing primitive type identifier, parameter value set and spatial index information.

[0022] In this embodiment, S3 specifically refers to: Based on the topographic elevation data, surface slope data and landscape functional zoning data in the landscape constraint dataset, spatial coverage analysis is performed on the target landscape area. Spatial coverage analysis determines the overall boundary range of the landscape space by extracting the extreme value range of the plane coordinates of all effective spatial sampling points. The overall boundary range is represented in the form of a closed polygon coordinate sequence, which is used to limit the maximum spatial range of landscape generation. Within the overall boundary area, the spatial location distribution of functional zones is determined based on landscape functional zoning data. The spatial location distribution is formed by mapping the functional zone boundary coordinates to the corresponding spatial index positions in the unified coordinate base data, generating functional zone spatial layout data. The functional zone spatial layout data is represented in the form of zone identifiers and corresponding sets of spatial units. Based on the functional zoning spatial layout data, spatial connection path data between zoning is constructed. The spatial connection path data is formed by analyzing the shortest reachable spatial relationship between the boundaries of different functional zoning. The path direction information is represented by a continuous spatial direction vector sequence, and the path node information is represented by a set of spatial coordinates of path turning points and smooth transition points. The path node spacing is preferably set to a fixed value between 2 and 10. By combining topographic elevation data and surface slope data, elevation constraint processing is applied to the spatial connection path data. The elevation constraint processing includes reading the topographic elevation values ​​of the corresponding spatial locations point by point along the path direction information, and limiting the elevation difference between adjacent path nodes. The constraint condition is that the elevation difference between adjacent path nodes is not greater than a set slope threshold. Preferably, the maximum slope angle corresponding to the slope threshold is set between 8 and 15 degrees, so that the path maintains a continuous upward or downward state in space, generating a spatial connection path with continuous elevation. Based on the spatial connection path and functional zoning spatial layout data with continuous elevation, the spatial units of functional zoning and spatial connection path nodes are associated and integrated to form a spatial topology structure composed of zoning core nodes, path nodes and zoning boundary nodes. The spatial topology structure is represented in the form of node sets and the connection relationships between nodes, forming the landscape spatial skeleton structure. The landscape spatial skeleton structure is output as constraint information. The landscape spatial skeleton constraint results include a set of spatial node coordinates, a set of node connection relationships, and corresponding elevation continuity constraint parameters, which are used to limit the spatial distribution and connection form of landscape elements in the three-dimensional modeling process.

[0023] In this embodiment, the improved 3DGS algorithm is specifically as follows: Based on the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and the parameterized primitive set, the parameterized primitives in the parameterized primitive set are instantiated. The instantiation process matches the parameter values ​​of the parameterized primitives with the spatial node coordinates in the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results, so that each parameterized primitive obtains a unique spatial location index and parameter value combination, thus forming an instantiated parameterized primitive. Gaussian representation is constructed based on instantiated parameterized primitives. The Gaussian representation construction process generates multiple continuously distributed Gaussian units at the spatial position index of the instantiated parameterized primitives. The Gaussian units describe the three-dimensional shape with the center position, spatial diffusion range and direction information. The number of Gaussian units is determined according to the size parameter of the instantiated parameterized primitives. Preferably, the number of Gaussian units corresponding to each instantiated parameterized primitive is set to between 10 and 200. Spatial position parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters are set for the Gaussian element. The spatial position parameters are taken from the spatial position index of the instantiated parameterized primitive and determined in combination with the relative offset inside the Gaussian element. The scale parameters are obtained by proportionally allocating the size parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitive. The orientation parameters are represented in the form of a three-dimensional orientation vector. Based on the constraints of the landscape spatial skeleton, spatial location parameters are constrained and matched. The constraint matching process calculates the distance between the spatial location of the Gaussian unit and the nearest spatial node in the landscape spatial skeleton structure. The spatial distance is equal to the length of the difference vector between the coordinates of the center point of the Gaussian unit and the coordinates of the spatial node. The spatial distance is then restricted within a preset constraint radius. Preferably, the constraint radius is set between 0.5 and 3 to ensure that the spatial distribution of the Gaussian unit is consistent with the landscape spatial skeleton structure. The scale parameter is limited based on the parameter range information in the parameterized primitive set. The scale limitation restricts the Gaussian unit scale parameter to the minimum and maximum allowable value range of the corresponding parameterized primitive size parameter, so as to avoid the scale exceeding the engineering and planning constraints. A construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced during the Gaussian representation construction process. The construction direction constraint modulation mechanism includes determining the construction direction information corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set. The construction direction information is represented in the form of a direction vector, which is jointly determined by the surface slope direction, the tangential direction of the landscape spatial skeleton, and the structural normal direction. Based on the construction direction information, direction constraint parameters are generated. The direction constraint parameters include an extension weight along the construction direction, a restriction weight perpendicular to the construction direction, and a direction alignment weight. Preferably, the extension weight ranges from 0.6 to 1, the restriction weight ranges from 0 to 0.4, and the direction alignment weight ranges from 0.5 to 1. The direction constraint parameters are mapped to the direction parameters. By adjusting the distribution of the Gaussian unit direction vector and the diffusion direction, the Gaussian unit after direction modulation is obtained. Based on the combination of Gaussian units processed by direction modulation, the Gaussian unit combination process involves spatial superposition and continuity constraints on Gaussian units corresponding to the same instantiated parameterized primitive, so that the Gaussian units form a smooth transition continuous three-dimensional representation structure, generating the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling result.

[0024] In this embodiment, the 3DGS algorithm is selected as the basic 3D representation method. The 3DGS algorithm is based on its ability to express complex spatial morphology in the form of continuous Gaussian units and its technical characteristics of efficient 3D reconstruction and continuous representation. However, existing 3DGS algorithms mainly serve visual reconstruction and rendering scenarios, lacking an inherent expression mechanism for engineering construction constraints, spatial skeleton structures, and directional consistency requirements, making it difficult to directly adapt to the needs of constructible landscape generation. Therefore, this embodiment, while maintaining the advantages of continuous 3D representation of the 3DGS algorithm, introduces landscape spatial skeleton constraint results to constrain and match the spatial distribution of Gaussian units. This ensures that the Gaussian unit generation process is subject to the unified constraints of the overall spatial structure of the landscape. Simultaneously, a parameterized primitive set is introduced to incorporate the engineering parameters of the landscape constituent units. The algorithm embeds the number, size range, and functional attributes into the Gaussian representation construction process. Furthermore, a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced in the Gaussian representation construction stage. The slope direction, spatial skeleton direction, and structural normal information are fused to form a construction direction vector. The scale expansion direction and direction parameters of the Gaussian unit are modulated through the direction constraint parameters, so that the generated 3D representation can simultaneously meet the engineering construction direction consistency requirements at the spatial morphology level. The improved 3DGS algorithm not only expresses geometric appearance information, but also simultaneously encodes spatial structural constraints, engineering parameter constraints, and construction direction constraints at the Gaussian unit level. This realizes the functional expansion of 3D representation from visual expression to constructable generation, forming a new technical path in the deep integration of 3D representation methods and landscape engineering constraints, which is novel and creative.

[0025] In this embodiment, the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is specifically as follows: Based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set, the unit vectors of slope direction, spatial skeleton tangential direction, and structural normal direction corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive are extracted. The unit vector of slope direction is determined by the surface slope data corresponding to the spatial location of the instantiated parameterized primitive, and the direction points to the direction of the fastest decrease in surface elevation and is normalized. The unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction is determined by the direction of the line connecting adjacent skeleton nodes in the landscape spatial skeleton structure corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive and is normalized. The unit vector of structural normal direction is calculated from the geometric outline of the instantiated parameterized primitive and is normalized. According to a preset weight ratio, the unit vectors in the slope direction, the tangential unit vectors in the spatial skeleton, and the structural normal unit vectors are linearly combined. The linear combination process involves multiplying the three unit vectors by their corresponding weight values, summing the vectors, and normalizing the summation results to obtain the construction direction vector. Preferably, the weights of the unit vectors in the slope direction are set to 0.3 to 0.5, the weights of the unit vectors in the spatial skeleton are set to 0.3 to 0.5, and the weights of the unit vectors in the structural normal are set to 0.1 to 0.3, with the sum of the three weights being 1. Based on the construction constraint parameters, the primary expansion coefficient along the construction direction vector, the secondary expansion coefficient in the direction orthogonal to the construction direction vector, and the restriction coefficient in the plane perpendicular to the construction direction vector are determined. The primary expansion coefficient represents the spatial expansion intensity of the Gaussian element along the construction direction, the secondary expansion coefficient represents the spatial expansion intensity of the Gaussian element in the lateral direction, and the restriction coefficient represents the degree of restriction on the expansion of the Gaussian element in the vertical direction. Preferably, the primary expansion coefficient ranges from 0.6 to 1, the secondary expansion coefficient ranges from 0.2 to 0.6, and the restriction coefficient ranges from 0 to 0.3, forming a set of directional constraint parameters. The orientation alignment relationship is constructed based on the spatial relationship between the construction direction vector and the reference axis direction. The orientation alignment relationship is determined by calculating the angle between the construction direction vector and the reference axis direction. The size of the angle is reflected by the dot product of the two direction vectors, and the angle value is mapped to the orientation alignment weight. Preferably, when the cosine value corresponding to the angle is greater than 0.8, the orientation alignment weight is set to 0.8 to 1, and when the cosine value corresponding to the angle is less than 0.8, the orientation alignment weight is set to 0.4 to 0.8. Based on the orientation alignment relationship and the set of orientation constraint parameters, the orientation parameters of the Gaussian element are modulated. The modulation process includes adjusting the diffusion scale of the Gaussian element along the building direction vector according to the main expansion coefficient, adjusting the diffusion scale of the Gaussian element in the orthogonal direction according to the secondary expansion coefficient, limiting the diffusion range of the Gaussian element in the vertical direction according to the constraint coefficient, and constraining the angle between the orientation vector of the Gaussian element and the building direction vector according to the orientation alignment weight, thereby generating modulated orientation parameters with directional distribution characteristics. The modulation direction parameters are written into the Gaussian cell to form a Gaussian cell whose spatial expansion direction, expansion intensity, and directional consistency are all controlled by construction constraints, and the output is a Gaussian cell with directional modulation processing.

[0026] In this embodiment, S5 specifically refers to: The instantiated parametric primitives in the initial landscape 3D modeling results are assigned primitive identifiers. The primitive identifiers are represented by unique numbers. Each instantiated parametric primitive corresponds to a primitive identifier, forming a primitive identifier set. The primitive identifier set is stored in a list structure to distinguish the correspondence between different instantiated parametric primitives in spatial relationship calculation. Based on the spatial position parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, the spatial relationship between any two instantiated parameterized primitives is calculated. The spatial position parameters represent the position of the center point of the instantiated parameterized primitive in three-dimensional coordinates. The spatial distance is obtained by calculating the length of the difference vector of the coordinates of the center points of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. The length is the Euclidean length of the difference vector in three-dimensional space. Based on the boundary parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, the boundary distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives is calculated. The boundary parameters represent the spatial coverage of the instantiated parameterized primitives in the form of closed boundary curves or polygons. The boundary distance is obtained by calculating the minimum Euclidean distance between any two points in the boundary set of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. The Euclidean distance is the length of the coordinate difference vector between the two points. Based on the elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the elevation difference between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The elevation parameters are represented by the terrain elevation values ​​corresponding to the bottom of the instantiated parameterized primitives. The elevation difference is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the elevation values ​​of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the comparison between the boundary spacing and the preset spacing threshold, the spacing threshold is determined by the construction specification constraint data. Preferably, the spacing threshold is set to 0.3 to 1.5. When the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, it is recorded that there is a spatial constraint relationship between the corresponding primitive identifier pairs. The spatial constraint relationship indicates that the instantiated parameterized primitives are in conflict or too close state in planar or three-dimensional space. Based on the comparison between the elevation difference and the preset elevation threshold, the elevation threshold is determined by the standard parameter data of the landscape structure. Preferably, the elevation threshold is set to 0.2 to 2. When the elevation difference is less than the elevation threshold, the connection relationship between the corresponding primitive identifier pairs is recorded. The connection relationship indicates that the instantiated parameterized primitives have continuous or connected conditions in the vertical space. The support distance is compared with a preset support distance threshold, which is determined by the structural stability requirements. Preferably, the support distance threshold is set to 0.5 to 3. At the same time, the normal consistency is calculated based on the direction parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives. The normal consistency is equal to the absolute value of the dot product of the unit vectors of the normal directions of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. When the spatial distance is less than the support distance threshold and the normal consistency is greater than the preset normal threshold, the support relationship is recorded. Preferably, the normal threshold is set to 0.7 to 1. The support relationship indicates that the instantiated parameterized primitives meet the structural support conditions in terms of spatial position and direction. Spatial constraint relationships, connection relationships, and support relationships are associated and integrated with their corresponding primitive identifier pairs to form a landscape construction relationship result containing primitive identifier pairs, relationship type identifiers, and relationship parameter values. The landscape construction relationship result is stored in the form of a relationship table to represent the spatial conflicts, connection states, and support states between instantiated parameterized primitives.

[0027] In this embodiment, the constructability verification process performed on the initial landscape 3D modeling results based on the landscape structural relationship results specifically includes: Based on the landscape structure relationship results, spatial constraint relationships, connection relationships, and support relationships are classified and read. Spatial constraint relationships represent the relationship type in which instantiated parameterized primitives have minimum spacing restrictions in space. Connection relationships represent the relationship type in which instantiated parameterized primitives have continuous connection conditions in the vertical or planar direction. Support relationships represent the relationship type in which instantiated parameterized primitives meet the bearing and stability requirements in spatial position and direction. The primitive identifier pairs corresponding to different relationship types are summarized to form a relationship identifier set. Based on the set of relation identifiers, instantiated parameterized primitives corresponding one-to-one with the set of relation identifiers are located in the initial landscape 3D modeling results. The spatial location parameters, scale parameters, orientation parameters, boundary parameters, and elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives are extracted in a centralized manner. The spatial location parameters represent the center point position of the instantiated parameterized primitive in the form of 3D coordinates. The scale parameters represent the scale occupied by the instantiated parameterized primitive in space in the form of 3D extended range values. The orientation parameters represent the main orientation of the instantiated parameterized primitive in the form of orientation vectors. The boundary parameters represent the spatial coverage of the instantiated parameterized primitive in the form of closed boundary curves or polygons. The elevation parameters represent the terrain elevation values ​​corresponding to the bottom of the instantiated parameterized primitive, forming a set of verification parameters. Spacing verification is performed on spatial constraint relationships. Spacing verification is performed by calculating the minimum Euclidean distance between any two pairs of points in the boundary set of instantiated parameterized primitives. The Euclidean distance is the length of the vector of the difference between the coordinates of the two points. The boundary spacing is compared with a preset spacing threshold. Preferably, the spacing threshold is set to 0.3 to 1.5. When the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, the corresponding primitive identification pair is marked as spacing failure in the verification result. Elevation verification is performed on the connection relationship. The elevation verification is performed by calculating the absolute value of the difference between the elevation parameter values ​​of any two instantiated parameterized primitives to obtain the elevation difference. The elevation difference is compared with a preset elevation threshold. Preferably, the elevation threshold is set to 0.2 to 2. When the elevation difference is greater than the elevation threshold, the corresponding primitive identification pair is marked as an elevation failure state in the verification result. Stability verification is performed on the support relationship. The stability verification is performed by calculating the length of the vector difference between the center point coordinates of any two instantiated parameterized primitives to obtain the spatial distance, and comparing the spatial distance with a preset support distance threshold. Preferably, the support distance threshold is set to 0.5 to 3. When the spatial distance is greater than the support distance threshold, the corresponding primitive identification pair is marked as a support failure state in the verification result. During the stability verification process, the direction consistency verification is performed simultaneously. The direction consistency verification calculates the normal consistency degree by calculating the absolute value of the dot product of the normal unit vectors corresponding to the direction parameters of any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The normal consistency degree is then compared with a preset normal threshold. Preferably, the normal threshold is set to 0.7 to 1. When the normal consistency degree is less than the normal threshold, the corresponding primitive identifier pair is marked as a normal failure state in the verification result. The states of non-compliance in spacing, elevation, support, and normal are summarized to form a constructibility verification result containing primitive identifier pairs, verification type identifiers, and verification result identifiers. This result is used to indicate the locations and relationships in the initial landscape 3D modeling result that do not meet the construction constraints.

[0028] In this embodiment, if the verification fails, adjustments are made to the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution to generate a buildable landscape. Specifically: The non-compliant states of spacing, elevation, support, and normal in the constructability verification results are uniformly summarized. The summarization process involves associating the primitive identifiers corresponding to each non-compliant state with the Gaussian element index to form a verification mark set. The verification mark set is represented in the form of a data structure containing the Gaussian element index, the non-compliant type identifier, and the associated parameter values. Based on the set of verification marks, Gaussian cells corresponding to the set of verification marks are located in the initial landscape 3D modeling results. The location of Gaussian cells is determined by the mapping relationship between Gaussian cell index and instantiated parameterized primitives, forming a set of Gaussian cells to be adjusted. For cases where the spacing is not acceptable, the scale parameters of the corresponding Gaussian cells are adjusted. The scale parameter adjustment is obtained by calculating the ratio of the difference between the current boundary spacing and the preset spacing threshold. The adjustment factor is equal to the ratio of the boundary spacing to the spacing threshold. The scale parameter of the Gaussian cell in the boundary normal direction is multiplied by the adjustment factor. Preferably, when the boundary spacing is less than 0.3, the scale parameter is reduced by a ratio of 0.7 to 0.9 to reduce the spatial coverage of adjacent Gaussian cells. For cases where the elevation does not pass through, the spatial position parameters of the corresponding Gaussian unit are adjusted. The spatial position parameter adjustment is achieved by calculating the difference between the elevation difference and the elevation threshold, and setting the vertical offset of the center point of the Gaussian unit to the value of the elevation difference minus the elevation threshold. Preferably, when the elevation difference is greater than 2, the center point of the Gaussian unit is shifted vertically by 0.1 to 0.5 to ensure that adjacent Gaussian units meet the conditions of continuity or connection in the elevation direction. For cases where the support is not in place, the spatial position parameters of the corresponding Gaussian unit are adjusted. The spatial position parameters are adjusted by calculating the difference between the spatial distance and the support distance threshold, and moving the center point of the Gaussian unit to the adjacent Gaussian unit along the support direction. The moving distance is equal to the spatial distance minus the support distance threshold. Preferably, when the spatial distance is greater than 3, the center point of the Gaussian unit is translated by 0.2 to 1 along the connection direction so that the support distance requirements between the Gaussian units are met. For the state where the normal does not pass through, the direction parameters of the corresponding Gaussian element are adjusted. The direction parameter adjustment is achieved by calculating the difference between the current normal consistency and the normal threshold, and then rotating and interpolating the Gaussian element direction vector according to the difference ratio. The rotation and interpolation direction is determined by the construction direction vector. Preferably, when the normal consistency is less than 0.7, the direction vector is rotated by 5 to 20 degrees towards the construction direction vector so that adjacent Gaussian elements meet the consistency requirements in the direction. After adjusting the scale parameters, spatial location parameters, and orientation parameters, the Gaussian cells are recombined to form a continuous three-dimensional representation structure that satisfies the spacing constraints, elevation constraints, support constraints, and orientation constraints, thereby generating a buildable landscape. The buildable landscape is represented in the form of a set of Gaussian cells, and each Gaussian cell satisfies the buildability verification conditions.

[0029] refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment, a constructible landscape generation system based on 3D modeling includes the following modules: The data processing module is used to collect basic data of the target landscape area and generate a landscape constraint dataset; The primitive construction module is used to construct a parameterized primitive library for landscape elements based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate a parameterized primitive set. The skeleton generation module is used to construct a landscape spatial skeleton structure based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. The modeling generation module is used to input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, introduce the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism, and generate the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling results; The verification and adjustment module is used to construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, and generate landscape construction relationship results; perform constructability verification processing on the initial landscape 3D modeling results; if the verification fails, adjust the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution to generate constructable landscape generation results.

[0030] Example 1: To verify the feasibility of this invention in practice, it was applied to the renovation project of a riverside park. The project site is located on a gentle slope outside the main urban river channel, covering an area of ​​approximately 4.8 hectares. The terrain elevation varies by about 6.2 meters, with local slopes ranging from 3 to 14 degrees. The shoreline is winding and the functional areas are densely packed, including various landscape elements such as waterfront walkways, viewing platforms, rain gardens, woodland activity areas, and service structures. Existing practices typically rely on repeated adjustments using two-dimensional planning drawings and manual three-dimensional modeling. Common problems include insufficient spacing between structures and walkways, poor connection between different elevations, conflicts between slope aspect and structure orientation, and unclear support relationships leading to frequent rework during the construction drawing stage. This results in long design cycles and difficulty in timely exposure of constructability risks.

[0031] In practical application, the project team first organized topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data for landscape structures. They then unified spatial coordinates and standardized scales to form a landscape constraint dataset. A parameterized primitive library for landscape elements was established under functional zoning constraints. Topographic adaptation primitives bear elevation and slope boundaries, paving and path primitives bear width and curvature, landscape structure primitives bear contours and elevations, and vegetation configuration primitives bear plant spacing and crown height. Parameter ranges are directly written into size, spacing, slope, and elevation constraints, outputting a set of parameterized primitives. The landscape spatial skeleton structure is jointly constructed from functional zoning spatial layout and spatial connection path data. Elevation-continuous spatial connection paths constrain slope thresholds, ensuring smooth changes in path node elevations, outputting the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. The improved 3DGS algorithm inputs both the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and the parameterized primitive set. During the instantiation of 3D modeling, the instantiated parameterized primitives are mapped to continuous Gaussian units. Spatial location parameters maintain consistency with the proximity of skeleton nodes, and scale parameters fall within their range. Simultaneously, a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced. The unit vectors of slope direction, spatial skeleton tangential direction, and structural normal direction are weighted, combined, and normalized to form a construction direction vector. Then, a set of direction constraint parameters is constructed using primary expansion coefficients, secondary expansion coefficients, and constraint coefficients, completing the direction alignment and direction parameter modulation. This results in Gaussian units processed by direction modulation, which are then combined and output as the initial landscape 3D modeling result. The landscape construction relationship result is composed of the primitive identifier set, spatial distance, boundary spacing, elevation difference, and support relationship. Constructability verification judges the consistency of spacing, elevation, support, and normal. If the verification fails, the corresponding Gaussian unit scale parameters, spatial location parameters, and direction parameters are adjusted according to the difference and recombined to output the constructible landscape generation result.

[0032] To quantify the effect, a control group was set up as the "3DGS modeling process without introducing the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism". All other input data were kept the same. The modeling efficiency, skeleton fit, first pass rate of constructability verification and adjustment iterations were compared in four functional areas of the same project. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0033] Table 1. Comparison of Modeling Efficiency and Constraint Compliance in the Scheme Phase

[0034] Table 1 shows that the improved 3DGS algorithm significantly reduces the modeling time in the scheme stage under the same input conditions, with the average time for the four zones decreasing from 15.6 hours to 9.9 hours. The main reason is that the parameterized primitive set fixes the size and range of the constituent units within a controllable range, and the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results converge the spatial distribution to the periphery of the skeleton structure, reducing large-scale trial and error. The skeleton fit has increased from about 80% to over 93%, indicating that the constraint matching between the spatial position parameters of Gaussian units and the skeleton nodes can stably express the path direction and zone connection. More importantly, the first pass rate has increased from about 60% to nearly 90%, and the number of adjustment iterations has decreased accordingly. This reflects that after the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism introduces directional consistency and extension constraints at the Gaussian unit level, the conflict between the trail slope, construction orientation and terrain normal has been significantly reduced. The scheme stage can form a continuous three-dimensional representation structure that is more in line with engineering constraints, reducing the pressure of subsequent verification from the source.

[0035] Further follow-up was conducted for three months during the construction drawing and on-site handover phases. The number of design changes, the number of on-site conflict orders, the rework hours for the foundation of structures, and the deviations from the schedule of key nodes were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0036] Table 2 Comparison of Constructability Performance During the Three-Month Construction Phase

[0037] Table 2 illustrates the direct benefits of this invention in "pre-emptive construction risk management." The control group experienced numerous changes and conflicts during the construction phase, typically stemming from insufficient spacing between walkways and structures, inconsistent elevation connections leading to drainage slope adjustments, and mismatches between structure orientation and slope stress causing modifications to foundation work. This invention establishes landscape structural relationships and conducts construction feasibility verification during the design phase. Issues such as spacing discrepancies, elevation discrepancies, support discrepancies, and normal discrepancies can be addressed by locating the corresponding Gaussian units within the model and adjusting their scale, position, and orientation, reducing the number of changes during the construction drawing phase to 11. On-site conflict issues and foundation rework time decreased by over 50%, indicating that the constraints on support relationships and orientation consistency reduced structural and positioning problems discovered "after implementation." The critical node schedule deviation decreased from 9.5 days to 4 days, with a corresponding reduction in the area requiring slope paving rectification. This reflects the control of the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism over the expansion direction and limit coefficient of Gaussian units, improving the consistency and constructability between slope paving, path orientation, and terrain slope, resulting in a more stable and controllable project delivery process.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating constructible landscapes based on 3D modeling, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect basic data of the target landscape area, perform spatial coordinate unification and scale normalization processing, and generate a landscape constraint dataset. S2. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct a landscape element parameterized primitive library and generate a parameterized primitive set; S3. Based on the landscape constraint dataset, construct the landscape spatial skeleton structure and generate the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results; S4. Input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint result and the parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, perform instantiation 3D modeling processing on the parameterized primitive set, represent the instantiated parameterized primitive as a continuous 3D representation structure composed of multiple Gaussian units, and introduce a construction direction constraint modulation mechanism into the Gaussian units during the modeling process to generate the initial landscape 3D modeling result. The improved 3DGS algorithm is specifically as follows: Based on the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and the parameterized primitive set, the parameterized primitives in the parameterized primitive set are instantiated to generate instantiated parameterized primitives; Gaussian representation construction is performed on the instantiated parameterized primitives, mapping the instantiated parameterized primitives into a three-dimensional representation structure composed of multiple Gaussian units; Assign spatial location parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters to the Gaussian unit; Based on the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results, constraint matching processing is performed on the spatial location parameters to form a Gaussian unit spatial distribution that conforms to the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. Based on the parameter range information in the parameterized primitive set, the scale parameter is subjected to a limiting process; A construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is introduced in the modeling process. The construction direction constraint modulation mechanism includes determining the construction direction information corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set, generating direction constraint parameters based on the construction direction information, mapping the direction constraint parameters to the direction parameters, and outputting Gaussian units that have undergone direction modulation. The initial 3D landscape modeling results are generated by performing a combination process based on Gaussian units that have undergone directional modulation. The construction direction constraint modulation mechanism is specifically as follows: Based on the construction constraint parameters in the parameterized primitive set, extract the unit vector of slope direction, unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction, and unit vector of structural normal corresponding to the instantiated parameterized primitive; According to the preset weight ratio, the unit vector of slope direction, the unit vector of spatial skeleton tangential direction, and the unit vector of structural normal direction are linearly combined, and the linear combination result is normalized to obtain the construction direction vector. Based on the construction constraint parameters, the main expansion coefficient along the construction direction vector, the secondary expansion coefficient in the direction orthogonal to the construction direction vector, and the restriction coefficient in the plane perpendicular to the construction direction vector are determined to form a set of direction constraint parameters; Based on the spatial relationship between the construction direction vector and the reference axis direction, an orientation alignment relationship is constructed; Based on the orientation alignment relationship and the set of orientation constraint parameters, the orientation parameters of the Gaussian unit are modulated to generate modulated orientation parameters with directional distribution characteristics; The modulation direction parameters are written into the Gaussian unit, and the Gaussian unit with the direction modulation is output. S5. Based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives and generate landscape construction relationship results; S6. Based on the landscape structure relationship results, perform constructability verification processing on the initial landscape 3D modeling results; If the verification fails, the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted to generate a buildable landscape.

2. The method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S1 is: Collect topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data of landscape structures in the target landscape area; The topographic elevation data, surface slope data, geological stability data, landscape functional zoning data, construction specification constraint data, and standard parameter data of landscape structures are processed using a coordinate reference system to form unified coordinate base data. Perform spatial resolution unification processing on the unified coordinate base data to form unified resolution data; Perform spatial range cropping on uniform resolution data to form target range data; Scale normalization is performed on the target range data to obtain normalized data; the normalized data is then merged into a landscape constraint dataset.

3. The method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S2 is: Based on the landscape constraint dataset, a set of parameterized primitive types for landscape elements is defined, which includes terrain adaptation primitives, landscape construction primitives, vegetation configuration primitives, and paving and path primitives. Set elevation, slope, and boundary parameters for the terrain adaptation primitive; set outline, size, and elevation parameters for the landscape construction primitive; set plant spacing, crown width, and height parameters for the vegetation configuration primitive; and set width, curvature, and paving thickness parameters for the paving and path primitive. Extract size constraint parameters, spacing constraint parameters, slope constraint parameters, and elevation constraint parameters from construction specification constraint data and standard parameter data of landscape structures, and write these parameters into the parameter range of the corresponding landscape element parameterized primitives. Based on the landscape functional zoning data, the terrain adaptation primitive, landscape construction primitive, vegetation configuration primitive, paving and path primitive are configured by combination rules to form a parameterized primitive library of landscape elements. Based on the landscape element parameterized primitive library and landscape constraint dataset, instance generation processing is performed on the landscape element parameterized primitives to output a set of parameterized primitives.

4. The method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S3 is: Based on the topographic elevation data, surface slope data and landscape functional zoning data in the landscape constraint dataset, the overall boundary range of the landscape space is delineated. Within the overall boundary area, the spatial distribution of functional zones is determined based on landscape functional zoning data, and functional zone spatial layout data is generated. Based on the functional partition spatial layout data, spatial connection path data between partitions is constructed, and the spatial connection path data includes path direction information and path node information. By combining topographic elevation data and surface slope data, elevation constraint processing is performed on the spatial connection path data to generate an elevation-continuous spatial connection path. Based on the spatial connection paths and functional zoning spatial layout data with continuous elevation, a landscape spatial skeleton structure is constructed; the landscape spatial skeleton structure is then output as a landscape spatial skeleton constraint result.

5. The method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S5 is: The instantiated parametric primitives in the initial landscape 3D modeling results are assigned primitive identifiers to form a primitive identifier set. Based on the spatial position parameters, scale parameters, and orientation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the spatial distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The spatial distance is equal to the length of the vector of the difference between the coordinates of the center points of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the boundary parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the boundary distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The boundary distance is equal to the minimum Euclidean distance between the boundary sets of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives, calculate the elevation difference between any two instantiated parameterized primitives. The elevation difference is equal to the absolute value of the difference between the elevation values ​​of the two instantiated parameterized primitives. Based on the comparison between the boundary spacing and the preset spacing threshold, if the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, the spatial constraint relationship is recorded; Based on the comparison between the elevation difference and the preset elevation threshold, if the elevation difference is less than the elevation threshold, the connection relationship is recorded; Based on the comparison between the spatial distance and the preset support distance threshold, if the spatial distance is less than the support distance threshold and the orientation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives meet the normal consistency condition, then the support relationship is recorded. By combining spatial constraints, connections, and support relationships with corresponding primitive identifiers, landscape construction relationship results are generated.

6. The method for generating a constructible landscape based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constructability verification process for the initial 3D landscape modeling results, based on the landscape structure relationship results, specifically involves: Based on the landscape structure relationship results, primitive identifier pairs corresponding to spatial constraint relationships, connection relationships and support relationships are extracted to form a set of relationship identifiers; Based on the relation identifier set, the spatial location parameters, scale parameters, orientation parameters, boundary parameters, and elevation parameters of the instantiated parameterized primitives corresponding to the relation identifier set in the initial landscape 3D modeling results are extracted to form a verification parameter set; Spatial constraint relationships are checked for spacing. Spatial check includes calculating the boundary spacing between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on boundary parameters, and comparing the boundary spacing with a spacing threshold. If the boundary spacing is less than the spacing threshold, it is marked as spacing failure. The connection relationship is checked for elevation. The elevation check includes calculating the elevation difference between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on the elevation parameter, and comparing the elevation difference with the elevation threshold. If the elevation difference is greater than the elevation threshold, it is marked as elevation failure. The stability of the support relationship is verified. The stability verification includes calculating the spatial distance between any two instantiated parameterized primitives based on the spatial position parameters, and comparing the spatial distance with the support distance threshold. If the spatial distance is greater than the support distance threshold, the support is marked as unsuccessful. The stability verification also includes calculating the normal consistency based on the direction parameters. The normal consistency is equal to the absolute value of the dot product of the normal unit vectors of the two instantiated parameterized primitives, and comparing the normal consistency with the normal threshold. If the normal consistency is less than the normal threshold, the normal is marked as unsuccessful.

7. The method for generating constructible landscapes based on three-dimensional modeling according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the verification fails, the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted to generate a constructible landscape result, specifically: Summarize the non-compliant spacing, non-compliant elevation, non-compliant support, and non-compliant normal, and generate a set of verification marks; The initial landscape 3D modeling results are adjusted based on the set of verification marks. The adjustment process includes locating the corresponding Gaussian unit based on the set of verification marks, adjusting the scale parameter according to the boundary spacing, adjusting the spatial position parameter according to the elevation difference, adjusting the spatial position parameter according to the support distance, and adjusting the direction parameter according to the normal consistency, so as to generate a buildable landscape.

8. A constructible landscape generation system based on 3D modeling, comprising the constructible landscape generation method based on 3D modeling as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following modules: The data processing module is used to collect basic data of the target landscape area and generate a landscape constraint dataset; The primitive construction module is used to construct a parameterized primitive library for landscape elements based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate a parameterized primitive set. The skeleton generation module is used to construct a landscape spatial skeleton structure based on the landscape constraint dataset and generate landscape spatial skeleton constraint results. The modeling generation module is used to input the landscape spatial skeleton constraint results and parameterized primitive set into the improved 3DGS algorithm, introduce the construction direction constraint modulation mechanism, and generate the initial landscape three-dimensional modeling results; The verification and adjustment module is used to construct a description of the construction relationship between instantiated parameterized primitives based on the initial landscape 3D modeling results, and generate landscape construction relationship results. Perform constructability verification on the initial 3D landscape modeling results; If the verification fails, the corresponding Gaussian unit parameters and spatial distribution are adjusted to generate a buildable landscape.

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