An evaluation system and electronic device for low-carbon operation level of a water supply system

Abstract

The present application relates to carbon emission reduction technology field, especially to a kind of water supply system low carbon operation level's evaluation system and electronic equipment, evaluation system includes: data acquisition module, obtains the operation data of the water supply system to be evaluated, the scale characteristic parameter of water supply system to be evaluated;Model updating module, the model parameter of carbon emission behavior baseline model is updated;Updated carbon emission behavior baseline model is used to determine baseline carbon emission amount;First accounting module, the actual carbon emission amount of water supply system to be evaluated is determined;Second accounting module, based on the scale characteristic parameter of water supply system to be evaluated, according to updated carbon emission behavior baseline model, the baseline carbon emission amount of water supply system with the scale characteristic parameter of water supply system to be evaluated in evaluation area is determined;Scoring module, according to efficiency ratio, determine the low carbon operation level score of water supply system to be evaluated in evaluation area.The scoring result obtained by the present application is more scientific and objective, and meets the objective benchmark of carbon performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission reduction technology, and in particular to an evaluation system and electronic equipment for the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system. Background Technology

[0002] Water supply systems extensively cover high-energy-consuming stages such as water intake, purification, and distribution, and have long relied on electricity. Their carbon emission intensity is higher than that of most municipal public utilities, and their carbon reduction potential is increasingly attracting attention. The carbon intensity per unit of water produced by water supply systems exhibits significant scale elasticity and structural characteristics, indicating substantial room for energy efficiency optimization. From a system perspective, water supply systems are not only key supporting units for basic public services but also typical "operational carbon sources," and improvements in their operational efficiency are directly related to the overall carbon performance level of a city. Therefore, promoting refined, data-driven carbon emission assessments and reconstructing emission reduction pathways for water supply systems is conducive to building a green infrastructure system for resilient cities. To better manage carbon emissions, the introduction of low-carbon operation level evaluation is crucial. It not only provides a theoretical basis and technical path for regulatory authorities to formulate carbon performance benchmarks and evaluation standards but also provides a quantitative reference for water supply companies to clarify their relative low-carbon position within the industry and their direction for improvement.

[0003] Existing methods for evaluating the low-carbon operation level rely heavily on subjective expert judgment and fuzzy weighting. For example, patent application number 202311827419.X discloses a qualitative method for evaluating the low-carbon operation level of waterworks. It uses expert experience and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to classify, weight, and score the low-carbon behaviors adopted by the waterworks during operation, thereby judging the overall performance of the waterworks in terms of low-carbon operation. This method lacks a quantitative assessment of actual carbon emission levels, resulting in results that are unrelated to energy efficiency and untraceable. The evaluation indicators are mainly based on enumerating behaviors, failing to consider structural differences such as operational scale and boundary conditions, thus lacking horizontal comparability. Carbon emission intensity can vary by several times between waterworks within the same branch, failing to provide effective incentives for water supply companies. Furthermore, the weighting and scoring system are easily influenced by expert preferences, lack unified data support, and are difficult to establish scientific, fair, and objective industry evaluation standards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an evaluation system and electronic device for the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system, which solves the technical problem that the prior art relies heavily on subjective judgment and fuzzy weighting by experts, making it difficult to form a scientific and objective industry evaluation.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system, comprising:

[0009] The data acquisition module is used to construct the accounting boundary of the water supply system, acquire the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated and the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated, which are associated with the accounting boundary; the scale characteristic parameters are parameters that characterize the size of the water supply system.

[0010] The model update module is used to update the model parameters of the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of multiple other reference water supply systems in the evaluation area where the water supply system to be evaluated is located, so as to obtain the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model. The updated carbon emission behavior baseline model is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system under each scale characteristic parameter in the evaluation area. The baseline carbon emissions are used to characterize the low-carbon operation baseline level of the water supply system with that scale characteristic parameter.

[0011] The first accounting module is used to determine the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system to be evaluated based on the operational data to be evaluated.

[0012] The second accounting module is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of water supply systems with scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated within the evaluation area based on the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated and according to the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model.

[0013] The scoring module is used to take the ratio of the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio, and determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system under evaluation in the evaluation area based on the efficiency ratio.

[0014] Optionally, in the data acquisition module, the accounting boundary for constructing the water supply system includes:

[0015] Based on the water purification and distribution business of the water supply system operation, the accounting boundary of the water supply system is determined according to the direct carbon emission behavior of the water supply system, the first indirect carbon emission behavior caused by energy purchase, and the second indirect carbon emission behavior caused by non-energy purchase.

[0016] Optionally, the scale characteristic parameters include: the product of the total water supply of the water supply system and the outlet pressure, the number of employees per unit, the length of the water supply network, and the total number of leakage incidents in the water supply network;

[0017] In the model update module, the model parameters of the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model are updated, including:

[0018] The preset carbon emission behavior baseline model is expressed as formula (1).

[0019] (1);

[0020] This indicates the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system; This represents the product of the total water supply volume and the outlet pressure of the water supply system; m represents the number of employees per unit; L represents the length of the water supply network. The total number of leaks in the water supply network is represented by A, B, C, D, and E, which represent model parameters.

[0021] Optionally, the model update module includes:

[0022] The preprocessing unit is used to construct a reference data set associated with each reference water supply system, including its scale characteristic parameters, water treatment capacity, and total carbon emissions.

[0023] The reference weight calculation unit is used to calculate the reference weight associated with each reference data based on the differences among all reference data.

[0024] The first fitting unit is used to fit a preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on each reference data and the reference weight associated with that reference data, using the weighted least squares method, in order to update the model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model and obtain an updated carbon emission behavior baseline model.

[0025] Optionally, the reference weight calculation unit includes:

[0026] The first subunit is used to calculate the residual of a reference data point relative to all reference data points, and to use the reciprocal of the square of the residual as the residual weight of the reference data point.

[0027] The second subunit is used to determine the compensation weight of the reference data based on the water treatment scale and water supply network length of the reference water supply system associated with the reference data, according to formula (2).

[0028] (2);

[0029] This indicates the compensation weight of a reference data point; This indicates the water purification capacity of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; This indicates the length of the water supply network of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; 'a' represents the normalization coefficient for the water treatment capacity of all reference water supply systems. The normalization factor represents the length of the water supply network for all reference water supply systems; i represents the reference data number.

[0030] The third subunit is used to sum the compensation weights of the residual weights as the reference weights.

[0031] Optionally, the scoring module includes:

[0032] The efficiency ratio unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of the water supply system under evaluation based on the actual carbon emissions and baseline carbon emissions of the system under evaluation.

[0033] The scoring unit is used to substitute the efficiency ratio of the water supply system to be evaluated into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the efficiency ratios of all reference water supply systems stored locally to obtain the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated; the difference between 1 and the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated is used as the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated.

[0034] Optionally, the scoring module further includes:

[0035] The second fitting unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems and determine the cumulative distribution curve of the efficiency ratio before the scoring unit substitutes the efficiency ratio of the water supply system to be evaluated into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of all reference water supply systems stored locally. Based on the cumulative distribution curve, the unit performs curve fitting using the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters to obtain the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the reference water supply system and stores it locally.

[0036] Optionally, the scoring module further includes:

[0037] The optimization unit is used to determine the preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters of the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution based on the mean and standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems, according to formulas (3) and (4), before the second fitting unit performs curve fitting using the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and scale parameters.

[0038] (3);

[0039] (4);

[0040] Indicates the preset shape parameters; Indicates the preset scale parameters; This represents the average efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems. This represents the standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems.

[0041] Optionally, in the data acquisition module, acquiring the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated and associated with the accounting boundary includes:

[0042] Obtain the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated during the evaluation period, and extract the data associated with the accounting boundary from the operational data as the operational data to be evaluated; the data associated with the accounting boundary includes: the first power consumption in the water purification business, the consumption of each type of non-electric energy, the consumption of each type of first consumable, the weight of intermediate materials, the transportation distance of intermediate materials, the transportation method of intermediate materials and the weight of sludge water generated, as well as the second power consumption and the consumption of each type of second consumable in the water transmission and distribution business of the water supply system to be evaluated;

[0043] The first accounting module includes:

[0044] The accounting unit is used to determine the carbon emission amount of each carbon emission behavior based on the operational data to be evaluated and the emission factor corresponding to each carbon emission behavior; the carbon emission behaviors include: power energy consumption, non-power energy consumption, consumable consumption, transportation consumption and sludge landfill degradation in the water purification business, as well as power energy consumption and consumable consumption in the water transmission and distribution business.

[0045] The summation unit is used to sum the carbon emissions of all carbon emission behaviors to obtain the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation.

[0046] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system described in the first aspect.

[0047] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0048] The evaluation system provided by this invention, for a water supply system to be evaluated, calculates the actual carbon emissions of the system during the evaluation period based on a first accounting module, and calculates the baseline carbon emissions based on a second accounting module. The ratio of the actual carbon emissions to the baseline carbon emissions is then used as an efficiency ratio to evaluate the water supply system's score. The carbon emission behavior baseline model used by the second accounting module is updated based on the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of multiple reference water supply systems within the evaluation area. This update determines the baseline carbon emissions of water supply systems within the evaluation area under each scale characteristic parameter. The baseline carbon emissions characterize the low-carbon operation baseline level of water supply systems with that scale characteristic parameter. In other words, the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model reflects the industry average level represented by the reference water supply systems within the evaluation area. The baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system to be evaluated, determined by the second accounting module based on the scale characteristic parameters and the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model, are actually the expected industry average carbon emissions of a water supply system with that scale characteristic parameter within the evaluation area. For the water supply system under evaluation, if its actual carbon emissions are less than the baseline carbon emissions, it indicates that its low-carbon operation level is better than the industry average. Furthermore, the smaller the actual carbon emissions are compared to the corresponding baseline emissions, the better the low-carbon operation level. Conversely, if the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation are greater than the baseline carbon emissions, it indicates that its low-carbon operation level is worse than the industry average. Furthermore, the larger the actual carbon emissions are compared to the corresponding baseline emissions, the worse the low-carbon operation level.

[0049] This invention uses the ratio of the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio. The efficiency ratio is used to determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated. The lower the efficiency ratio, the smaller the actual carbon emissions are compared with the baseline carbon emissions, and the better the low-carbon operation level. The higher the efficiency ratio, the larger the actual carbon emissions are compared with the baseline carbon emissions, and the worse the low-carbon operation level.

[0050] The carbon emission behavior baseline model provided by this invention is based on reference operating data and updated according to the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of a reference water supply system. It avoids the subjective influence of artificially set weights and can reflect the industry average. Compared with existing technologies, the evaluation system provided by this invention, based on the carbon emission behavior baseline model, yields more scientific and objective scoring results that conform to objective benchmarks for carbon performance. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system provided in Example 1;

[0052] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another water supply system low-carbon operation level evaluation system provided in Example 2;

[0053] Figure 3 The results of the correlation analysis for each factor affecting carbon emissions from the water supply system in Example 2;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a table showing the baseline weights and related parameters associated with each baseline feature in Example 2;

[0055] Figure 5 This is the cumulative gamma frequency distribution diagram for the efficiency ratio in Example 3;

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the efficiency ratio and the score of the water supply system to be evaluated in Example 3;

[0057] Figure 7 The emission factors are the various chemical agents and materials provided in Example 4;

[0058] Figure 8 The emission factors are those corresponding to the various modes of transportation provided in Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0060] Example 1:

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides an evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system, including: a data acquisition module, a model update module, a first accounting module, a second accounting module, and a scoring module.

[0062] The data acquisition module is used to construct the accounting boundary of the water supply system, acquire the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated and the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated, which are associated with the accounting boundary; the scale characteristic parameters are parameters that characterize the size of the water supply system.

[0063] Specifically, the accounting boundary can be determined based on the water purification and water distribution operations of the water supply system, according to the direct carbon emission behavior of the water supply system, the first indirect carbon emission behavior caused by energy purchase, and the second indirect carbon emission behavior caused by non-energy purchase.

[0064] Direct carbon emissions (Scope 1) specifically include methane emissions from the landfilling of sludge wastewater from water purification operations.

[0065] The first indirect carbon emission behavior (Scope2) specifically includes: the electricity consumption of water plants in the water purification business and the electricity consumption of water transmission and distribution business.

[0066] The second indirect carbon emission behavior (Scope3) specifically includes: the use and transportation of chemicals or consumables resulting from water treatment plants and sludge treatment in water purification business, and the use and transportation of chemicals or consumables resulting from water transmission and distribution business.

[0067] The operational data to be evaluated can be obtained by acquiring the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated during the evaluation period, and extracting data associated with the accounting boundary from the operational data as the operational data to be evaluated; the data associated with the accounting boundary includes: the first power consumption in the water purification business, the consumption of each type of non-electric energy, the consumption of each type of first consumable, the weight of intermediate materials, the transportation distance of intermediate materials, the transportation method of intermediate materials and the weight of sludge water generated, as well as the second power consumption and the consumption of each type of second consumable in the water transmission and distribution business of the water supply system to be evaluated.

[0068] The scale characteristic parameters include: the product of the total water supply of the water supply system and the outlet pressure, the number of employees per unit, the length of the water supply network, and the total number of leaks in the water supply network.

[0069] The evaluation period can be pre-specified by the user, specifically one month, one quarter, six months, or one year. Preferably, since the carbon emission level of the water supply system is easily affected by seasonal factors, setting the evaluation period to one year can more comprehensively reflect the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system under evaluation.

[0070] The model update module is used to update the model parameters of the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of multiple other reference water supply systems in the evaluation area where the water supply system to be evaluated is located, so as to obtain the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model. The updated carbon emission behavior baseline model is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system under each scale characteristic parameter in the evaluation area. The baseline carbon emissions are used to characterize the low-carbon operation baseline level of the water supply system with that scale characteristic parameter.

[0071] The first accounting module is used to determine the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system to be evaluated based on the operational data to be evaluated.

[0072] The second accounting module is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of water supply systems within the evaluation area that have the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated, based on the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated and according to the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model.

[0073] The scoring module is used to take the ratio of the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio, and determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system under evaluation in the evaluation area based on the efficiency ratio.

[0074] The evaluation system provided in this embodiment calculates the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation during the evaluation period based on the first accounting module, and calculates the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation during the evaluation period based on the second accounting module. Then, the scoring module uses the ratio of the actual carbon emissions to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio, and evaluates the score of the water supply system under evaluation based on the efficiency ratio.

[0075] The second accounting module uses a baseline model for carbon emission behavior, which is updated based on the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of multiple reference water supply systems within the evaluation area. This model determines the baseline carbon emissions of water supply systems within the evaluation area under each scale characteristic parameter. The baseline carbon emissions characterize the low-carbon operation baseline level of water supply systems with that scale characteristic parameter. In other words, the updated baseline model reflects the industry average level represented by the reference water supply systems within the evaluation area. The baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation, determined by the second accounting module based on the scale characteristic parameters and the updated baseline model, are actually the expected industry average carbon emissions of a water supply system with that scale characteristic parameter within the evaluation area. For the water supply system under evaluation, if its actual carbon emissions are less than the baseline carbon emissions, it indicates that its low-carbon operation level is better than the industry average. Furthermore, the smaller its actual carbon emissions are compared to its corresponding baseline emissions, the better its low-carbon operation level. Conversely, if the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation are greater than the baseline carbon emissions, it indicates that its low-carbon operation level is worse than the industry average. Furthermore, the larger the actual carbon emissions are compared to the corresponding baseline emissions, the worse its low-carbon operation level is.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ratio of the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system to be evaluated to the baseline carbon emissions is used as the efficiency ratio. The efficiency ratio is used to determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated. The lower the efficiency ratio, the smaller the actual carbon emissions are compared with the baseline carbon emissions, and the better the low-carbon operation level. The higher the efficiency ratio, the larger the actual carbon emissions are compared with the baseline carbon emissions, and the worse the low-carbon operation level.

[0077] Furthermore, the carbon emission behavior baseline model provided in this embodiment is based on reference operating data and updated according to the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of the reference water supply system. It avoids the subjective influence of artificially set weights and can reflect the industry average. Compared with existing technologies, the evaluation system provided in this embodiment, based on the carbon emission behavior baseline model, yields more scientific and objective scoring results that conform to objective benchmarks for carbon performance.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] To better understand the carbon emission behavior baseline model and model update module in Example 1, this example provides a detailed explanation in conjunction with specific application scenarios.

[0080] Specifically, the scale characteristic parameters in this embodiment include: the product of the total water supply of the water supply system and the outlet pressure, the number of employees per unit, the length of the water supply network, and the total number of leaks in the water supply network. The preset carbon emission behavior baseline model is expressed as formula (1);

[0081] (1);

[0082] This indicates the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system; This represents the product of the total water supply volume and the outlet pressure of the water supply system; m represents the number of employees per unit; L represents the length of the water supply network. The total number of leaks in the water supply network is represented by A, B, C, D, and E, which represent model parameters.

[0083] Preferably, the model parameters are set as follows: A=3.825, B=0.677, C=0.242, D=0.114, E=0.023.

[0084] Specifically, the aforementioned scale characteristic parameters and associated model parameters can be obtained through regression analysis based on pre-collected data.

[0085] The data source for this embodiment is the "2022 Urban Water Affairs Statistical Yearbook (Water Supply)" (hereinafter referred to as the Yearbook) published by a certain association. The Yearbook is organized by water supply company (water plant) and summarizes 1,268 operational data of water supply companies in 31 provinces and cities, including water treatment scale (i.e., total water supply), electricity consumption in water purification business, electricity consumption in water transmission and distribution business, number of employees, chemical consumption (chemical consumption), length of water supply network, number of leaks, outgoing pressure, total water supply, and actual carbon emissions.

[0086] To ensure data quality, the relevant data published in the yearbook were verified and cleaned. Data cleaning primarily aims to remove outliers and ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the analysis results. The cleaning process consists of three steps: 1) The first step is data completeness verification, checking whether the data included is necessary for building the low-carbon evaluation model. After verification, only 212 data entries contained all the necessary information and were used in subsequent steps; 2) The second step is Mahalanobis distance screening for outliers. The core principle is to identify samples deviating from the overall distribution using statistical distance. A total of 19 data entries were removed, leaving 193; 3) The third step is Z-score testing for outliers. Z-score is typically used to measure the degree to which data points deviate from the mean. When the difference between a data point and the mean is three times or more of the standard deviation, the data point is removed as an outlier. A total of 16 data entries were removed, leaving 177 data entries as reference data for subsequent low-carbon evaluation model construction. Through data cleaning, the data from water supply systems of different gradients and regions are ensured to be authentic and valid. Furthermore, the large dataset of 177 data entries is sufficient to reflect the industry average.

[0087] Based on the analysis of the aforementioned 177 data points, the scale characteristic parameters of the baseline model for carbon emission behavior were determined. Specifically, the variables and factors significantly influencing carbon emissions from urban water supply systems were identified. Ten types of data related to urban water supply systems were analyzed, and nine significant influencing factors (p≤0.05) were identified through correlation analysis. These included total water supply, service population, number of employees, presence or absence of advanced treatment processes, length of water supply network, frequency of network leaks, source water ammonia nitrogen concentration, source water COD concentration, and the correlation between total water supply and outlet pressure. The correlation analysis results for each factor are shown below. Figure 3 As shown. A co-occurrence analysis was then conducted on the significantly correlated factors. Among them, the service population and total water supply, and the leakage volume and leakage frequency of the pipeline network showed significant co-occurrence, and the latter was retained for each. Additionally, the presence or absence of advanced treatment processes is a discontinuous variable and was not considered in the model. Furthermore, the annual average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the water source is generally between 0.01-0.5 mg / L, and the annual average concentration of COD in the water source is generally between 0.1-3 mg / L, meeting the national drinking water standards. Therefore, ammonia nitrogen and COD are not considered factors affecting carbon emissions from water supply and were not included in the model. In the correlation analysis, the correlation between the outlet pressure and carbon emissions was not very significant, but theoretically, it is a factor closely related to carbon emissions. Therefore, the impact of total water supply and total water supply × outlet pressure (representing pump energy consumption) on the model equation was compared and analyzed. The results show that when total water supply × outlet pressure is used as the independent variable, the adjusted R... 2 (0.797) is significantly higher than R when the total water supply is used as the independent variable. 2 (0.686). The final calculation is: total water supply × plant pressure (×10⁴ m³). 3The four independent variables are: pipeline length (km), number of employees (persons), and number of pipeline leaks (times / year).

[0088] To ensure the linear correlation between the aforementioned scale characteristic parameters and baseline carbon emissions, both scale characteristic parameters and baseline carbon emissions were logarithmically transformed. Based on the aforementioned four scale characteristic parameters, the aforementioned baseline model of carbon emission behavior was constructed.

[0089] Based on the aforementioned baseline model of carbon emission behavior, the model update module in this embodiment uses weighted least squares for fitting, performing regression analysis based on the 177 reference operational data points. Due to the large amount of data and the heteroscedasticity between each data point, the model fit during multiple linear regression would be poor. This embodiment employs weighted least squares, assigning different reference weights to each data point to suppress the influence of heteroscedasticity, thereby improving the model fit and increasing prediction accuracy.

[0090] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the model update module includes: a preprocessing unit, a reference weight calculation unit, and a first fitting unit.

[0091] The preprocessing unit is used to construct a reference data set associated with each reference water supply system, including its scale characteristic parameters, water treatment capacity, and total carbon emissions.

[0092] The reference weight calculation unit is used to calculate the reference weight associated with each reference data based on the differences among all reference data.

[0093] The first fitting unit is used to fit a preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on each reference data and the reference weight associated with that reference data, using the weighted least squares method, in order to update the model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model and obtain an updated carbon emission behavior baseline model.

[0094] More specifically, considering the significant differences in water treatment scale and operational complexity (water supply network length) among different water supply systems, and the differences in carbon emission intensity between large-scale and small-scale water supply companies, if small-scale water supply companies constitute a large proportion, the model will mask the actual carbon emissions of large-scale water supply companies, leading to unfair results for them. Therefore, this case study further optimizes and improves the conventional weighted least squares approach by designing a dual-weight system. One weight is specifically used to address the inherent differences caused by water treatment scale and operational complexity, called the "compensation weight"; the other weight is used to address the differences caused by heteroscedasticity in the reference operating data, called the "residual weight." This balances the model distortion introduced by the differences in water treatment scale and operational complexity of the reference water supply system, making the model parameters of the baseline carbon emission behavior model more closely reflect reality.

[0095] Specifically, the reference weight calculation unit may include a first subunit, a second subunit, and a third subunit.

[0096] The first subunit is used to calculate the residual of a reference data point relative to all reference data points, and uses the reciprocal of the square of the residual as the residual weight of that reference data point. .

[0097] That is, the residual weight of the i-th reference data. , This represents the residual of the i-th reference data relative to all reference data.

[0098] The second subunit is used to determine the compensation weight of the reference data based on the water treatment scale and water supply network length of the reference water supply system associated with a reference data, according to formula (2).

[0099] (2);

[0100] This indicates the compensation weight of a reference data point; This indicates the water purification capacity of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; This indicates the length of the water supply network of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; 'a' represents the normalization coefficient for the water treatment capacity of all reference water supply systems. represents the normalization factor for the length of the water supply network of all reference water supply systems; i represents the reference data number. a and This can be obtained through a normalization process. For example, a can be the maximum value of the water treatment capacity of all reference water supply systems, b can be the maximum value of the water supply network length of all reference water supply systems, or it can be an empirical value obtained through the normalization process.

[0101] The third subunit is used to sum the compensation weights of the residual weights as the reference weights.

[0102] That is, the reference weight of the i-th reference data can be expressed as: .

[0103] Based on the weighted least squares method described above, the model parameters and related parameters associated with each scale feature parameter obtained in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0104] The aforementioned model parameter update module can be used to determine the initial model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model based on reference operating data when it is initially constructed. Alternatively, during subsequent use, as the industry's carbon emission levels develop, new reference operating data can be acquired within each update cycle, and the model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model can be updated using the aforementioned model parameter update module. Preferably, the update cycle can be one quarter, six months, one year, two years, or three years.

[0105] Furthermore, for regional evaluation needs, reference operating data of reference water supply systems within a designated evaluation area can be obtained. The model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model can then be updated using the aforementioned model update module to better align with the actual situation in the evaluation area. For example, if the evaluation area is defined as the entire country, using nationwide reference operating data, the carbon emission behavior baseline model obtained through the model update module reflects the average level of low-carbon operation of water supply systems nationwide, providing more stable reference value. However, when evaluating the low-carbon operation level within a specific province based on this carbon emission behavior baseline model, regional clustering effects may cause the scores of most water supply systems within that province to concentrate in a specific segment, making more detailed differentiation impossible. In this case, the province can be designated as the evaluation area, and the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of the province's reference water supply systems can be obtained. The model parameters in the carbon emission behavior baseline model can then be updated using the model update module, making the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model more closely aligned with the province's average level of low-carbon operation in the industry, resulting in more accurate scores for the province's water supply systems and enabling more detailed differentiation.

[0106] Example 3:

[0107] To better understand the scoring module in Embodiment 1, this embodiment will be described in detail in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0108] The scoring module provided in this embodiment is used to take the ratio of the actual carbon emissions to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio, and to determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated based on the efficiency ratio.

[0109] Specifically, the aforementioned efficiency ratio itself can already reflect the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system under evaluation to a certain extent. The score can be determined directly based on the numerical range of the efficiency ratio of the water supply system under evaluation. For example, if it is known that the distribution range of the efficiency ratio of water supply systems in the industry is basically (0,3], and the score is out of 100, then the efficiency ratio in (0,0.2] is defined as 95~100 points, the efficiency ratio in (0.2,0.5] is defined as 90~95 points, and the efficiency ratio in (0.2,0.5] is defined as 90~95 points. The scores are as follows: within 5, 0.9], 80-90 points; within (0.9, 1.4], 70-80 points; within (1.4, 2], 60-70 points; within (1.4, 2], 50-60 points; within (1.4, 2], 30-50 points; and within (2, 3], 0-30 points. Each score range is inclusive (right side included, left side excluded). The specific score for each segment is proportionally mapped to its corresponding efficiency ratio range.

[0110] In order to ensure that the scores provided by the scoring module better reflect the position of the water supply system under evaluation within the overall industry level, such as Figure 2 As shown, the scoring module in the evaluation system provided in this embodiment includes an optimization unit, a second fitting unit, an efficiency ratio unit, and a scoring unit, as detailed below.

[0111] The optimization unit is used to determine the preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters of the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution based on the mean and standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems, according to formulas (3) and (4), before the second fitting unit performs curve fitting using the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and scale parameters.

[0112] (3);

[0113] (4);

[0114] Indicates the preset shape parameters; Indicates the preset scale parameters; This represents the average efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems. This represents the standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems.

[0115] In a typical gamma cumulative distribution function, the shape parameter (k) and scale parameter (k) The shape of the distribution function is fixed, meaning it is static and cannot dynamically change with the overall improvement of energy efficiency in the industry. This leads to the "high-scoring zone" phenomenon, where most water supply systems' low-carbon scores cluster in the high-scoring region, reducing their distinguishability. Therefore, this embodiment optimizes the shape parameter k and scale parameter k of the unit when calculating the low-carbon score using the gamma cumulative distribution function. The configuration is set to a dynamic value, which is dynamically determined based on the sample statistics of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems in the current evaluation period, thereby effectively improving the distinguishability of the carpet operation level score.

[0116] The second fitting unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems and determine the cumulative distribution curve of the efficiency ratio. Based on the cumulative distribution curve, the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters is used for curve fitting to obtain the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the reference water supply system, and the function is stored locally.

[0117] Specifically, the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems can be calculated based on the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model after the model parameter update module in Example 2 updates the baseline weights of the carbon emission behavior baseline model and stored locally.

[0118] The efficiency ratio unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of the water supply system under evaluation based on the actual carbon emissions and baseline carbon emissions of the system under evaluation.

[0119] The scoring unit is used to substitute the efficiency ratio of the water supply system to be evaluated into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the efficiency ratios of all reference water supply systems stored locally to obtain the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated; the difference between 1 and the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated is used as the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated.

[0120] For example, in this embodiment, the scoring module, based on the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems, pre-optimizes and fits the system through an optimization unit and a second fitting unit to obtain the reference water supply system as shown. Figure 5 The diagram shows the cumulative distribution function of the gamma frequency for carbon emission efficiency ratio and cumulative distribution percentage. For a water supply system under evaluation, the efficiency ratio calculated by the efficiency ratio unit is 0.68. The scoring unit substitutes this efficiency ratio of 0.68 into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma frequency, obtaining a corresponding cumulative distribution percentage of 25%. This indicates that only 25% of the reference water supply systems are superior to the evaluated system, corresponding to a score of 75%, which can also be directly recorded as 75 points for simplicity. The correspondence between the efficiency ratio of the evaluated water supply system and its low-carbon operation level score is shown below. Figure 6 As shown.

[0121] from Figure 6As can be seen, the score obtained in this embodiment, due to the use of the optimization unit and the second fitting unit for nonlinear fitting, truly and dynamically depicts the nonlinear marginal emission reduction law exhibited by actual carbon performance, and the scoring result conforms to the objective benchmark of carbon performance. Based on the score provided by the above scoring module, the evaluation system provided in this embodiment can accurately, objectively, and scientifically evaluate the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system, providing a reference for the transformation of the water supply system.

[0122] Furthermore, in order to assess whether the water supply system under evaluation needs to be modified, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the modification, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the evaluation system provided in this embodiment may also include a periodic evaluation module.

[0123] The periodic evaluation module is used to determine whether the score is lower than a preset score. If so, it generates an alarm signal to remind the user to modify the water supply system. In the next one or more evaluation periods, it compares the new score with the current score to determine the effect of the modification.

[0124] Example 4:

[0125] To better understand the first accounting module in Embodiment 1, this embodiment will be described in detail in conjunction with specific application scenarios.

[0126] Specifically, based on the periodic variation pattern of the operational data to be evaluated, the evaluation period is set to one year. The operational data to be evaluated includes: the primary power consumption (kWh / a), the consumption of each non-electric energy source (TJ / a), and the consumption of each primary consumable (kg / a or m³) of the water supply system under evaluation during the one-year evaluation period. 2 The quantities include: / a (membrane material); weight of intermediate materials (t / a); transport distance of intermediate materials (km); transport method of intermediate materials; and weight of sludge discharge water generated (kg dry sludge (as SS) / a); and, within the year to be evaluated, the second electricity consumption and consumption of each type of second consumable in the water transmission and distribution business of the water supply system to be evaluated. In the above dimensions, " / a" means "per year".

[0127] Specifically, the intermediates include chemicals and consumables used in the water supply system for water purification operations, sludge discharge water generated in the water purification operations, and chemicals used in the water transmission and distribution operations.

[0128] Based on this, the first accounting module includes:

[0129] The accounting unit is used to determine the carbon emission amount of each carbon emission behavior based on the operational data to be evaluated and the emission factor corresponding to each carbon emission behavior; the carbon emission behaviors include: power energy consumption, non-power energy consumption, consumable consumption, transportation consumption and sludge landfill degradation in the water purification business, as well as power energy consumption and consumable consumption in the water transmission and distribution business.

[0130] The summation unit is used to sum the carbon emissions of all carbon emission behaviors to obtain the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation.

[0131] More specifically, the accounting units include the following: carbon footprint accounting unit for electricity energy in water purification business; carbon footprint accounting unit for non-electric energy in water purification business; carbon footprint accounting unit for consumables in water purification business; carbon footprint accounting unit for transportation in water purification business; carbon footprint accounting unit for sludge disposal and landfill in water purification business; carbon footprint accounting unit for electricity energy in water transmission and distribution business; carbon footprint accounting unit for consumables in water transmission and distribution business; and summation unit, as detailed below.

[0132] The carbon footprint accounting unit for electricity energy in the water purification business is used to calculate the product of the first electricity consumption and the first emission factor as the first carbon emission generated by the consumption of electricity energy in the water purification business.

[0133] The non-electric energy carbon footprint accounting unit in the water purification business is used to calculate the product of the consumption of each type of non-electric energy and the corresponding second emission factor; the sum of the products corresponding to all types of non-electric energy is taken as the second carbon emission generated by the consumption of non-electric energy in the water purification business.

[0134] The carbon footprint accounting unit for consumables in the water purification business is used to calculate the product of the consumption of each type of first consumable and the third emission factor corresponding to that type of first consumable; the sum of the products corresponding to all types of first consumables is taken as the third carbon emission generated by the use of first consumables in the water purification business.

[0135] The transportation carbon footprint accounting unit in the water purification business is used to calculate the product of the weight of the intermediate goods transported by each transportation mode, the transportation mileage, and the fourth emission factor corresponding to that transportation mode. The sum of the products corresponding to all transportation modes is taken as the fourth carbon emission generated by transportation in the water purification business.

[0136] The carbon footprint accounting unit for sludge landfill in the water purification business is used to calculate the product of the weight of the sludge water and the fifth emission factor, which is used as the fifth carbon emission generated by sludge landfill in the water purification business.

[0137] Specifically, the weight of sludge discharge refers to the annual dry weight (as SS) of sludge discharge disposed of in sanitary landfills during water purification operations. The fifth emission factor can be the product of the DOC content of the sludge discharge, the proportion of biodegradable DOC in the sludge discharge during sanitary landfill, the CH4 correction factor, the CH4 concentration (volume fraction) in landfill gas, the proportion of CH4 oxidized before release, the molar mass ratio of CH4 to C, and the global warming potential of CH4. When no data is available in the operational data to be evaluated, the DOC content of the sludge discharge can be taken as 0.12 kgC / kg sludge discharge (dry weight); when no data is available in the operational data to be evaluated, the proportion of biodegradable DOC in the sludge discharge for sanitary landfill should be taken as 50%; the CH4 correction factor can be taken as the IPCC recommended value of 1; the CH4 concentration (volume fraction) in the landfill gas can be taken as the IPCC recommended value of 50%; the proportion of CH4 oxidized before release can be taken as the IPCC recommended value of 0.1 (for good management and covering with breathable materials) or 0 (for poor treatment); the molar mass ratio of CH4 to C is 16 / 14; the global warming potential of CH4 is a constant, 28 kgCO2-eq / kgCH4.

[0138] The electricity energy carbon footprint accounting unit in the water transmission and distribution business is used to calculate the product of the second electricity consumption and the first emission factor, which is used as the sixth carbon emission generated by the consumption of electricity energy in the water transmission and distribution business.

[0139] The carbon footprint accounting unit for consumables in water transmission and distribution services is used to calculate the product of the consumption of each type of second consumable and the third emission factor corresponding to that type of second consumable. The sum of the products corresponding to all types of second consumables is taken as the seventh carbon emission generated by the consumption of consumables in water transmission and distribution services.

[0140] The summation unit is used to determine the sum of the first carbon emissions, the second carbon emissions, the third carbon emissions, the fourth carbon emissions, the fifth carbon emissions, the sixth carbon emissions, and the seventh carbon emissions, as the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation during the evaluation period.

[0141] The dimensions of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh carbon emissions, as well as the actual carbon emissions, are all kgCO2-eq / a.

[0142] Specifically, the aforementioned accounting units include the electricity carbon footprint accounting unit for water purification business, the non-electricity carbon footprint accounting unit for water purification business, the consumables carbon footprint accounting unit for water purification business, the transportation carbon footprint accounting unit for water purification business, the sludge disposal and landfill carbon footprint accounting unit for water purification business, the electricity carbon footprint accounting unit for water transmission and distribution business, and the consumables carbon footprint accounting unit for water transmission and distribution business. The first, second, third, and fourth emission factors involved in these units can be obtained from publicly available standards or data, or can be set by the user based on their actual needs. Taking the third emission factor as an example, the first consumables involved in the water purification business and the second consumables involved in the water transmission and distribution business mainly include various chemicals or membrane materials, and their corresponding third emission factors can be set as follows: Figure 7 The values ​​shown. Alternatively, taking the fourth emission factor as an example, the transportation modes involved in the intermediate goods include fuel-powered trucks, electric locomotives, rail transport, and water transport, etc. The fourth emission factor corresponding to each transportation mode can be set as follows: Figure 8 The values ​​shown.

[0143] Existing technologies typically only consider the carbon emissions of the water supply system in the water purification business. However, the accounting unit provided in this embodiment, in addition to calculating the carbon emissions in the water purification business, also takes into account the carbon emissions corresponding to the consumption of electrical energy and consumables in the water transmission and distribution business. This makes the organizational boundaries more comprehensive and the accounting results for actual carbon emissions closer to the actual situation.

[0144] Example 5:

[0145] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system described in embodiments one to four.

[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0147] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions.

[0148] It should be noted that any reference numerals placed between parentheses in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of components or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding a component does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such components. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different components and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In claims that enumerate several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same hardware. The use of the terms first, second, third, etc., is merely for convenience of expression and does not indicate any order. These terms can be understood as part of the component names.

[0149] Furthermore, it should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0150] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted to include both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0151] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, then this invention should also include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A system for evaluating the low-carbon operation level of a water supply system, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to construct the accounting boundary of the water supply system, acquire the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated and the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated, which are associated with the accounting boundary; the scale characteristic parameters are parameters that characterize the size of the water supply system. The model update module is used to update the model parameters of the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on the scale characteristic parameters and total carbon emissions of multiple other reference water supply systems in the evaluation area where the water supply system to be evaluated is located, so as to obtain the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model. The updated carbon emission behavior baseline model is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system under each scale characteristic parameter in the evaluation area. The baseline carbon emissions are used to characterize the low-carbon operation baseline level of the water supply system with that scale characteristic parameter. The first accounting module is used to determine the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system to be evaluated based on the operational data to be evaluated. The second accounting module is used to determine the baseline carbon emissions of water supply systems with scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated within the evaluation area based on the scale characteristic parameters of the water supply system to be evaluated and according to the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model. The scale characteristic parameters include: the product of the total water supply of the water supply system and the outlet pressure, the number of employees per unit, the length of the water supply network, and the total number of leaks in the water supply network; In the model update module, the model parameters of the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model are updated, including: The preset carbon emission behavior baseline model is expressed as formula (1). （1）； This indicates the baseline carbon emissions of the water supply system; This represents the product of the total water supply volume and the outlet pressure of the water supply system; m represents the number of employees per unit; L represents the length of the water supply network. This represents the total number of leaks in the water supply network; A, B, C, D, and E represent model parameters. The model update module includes: The preprocessing unit is used to construct a reference data set associated with each reference water supply system, including its scale characteristic parameters, water treatment capacity, and total carbon emissions. The reference weight calculation unit is used to calculate the reference weight associated with each reference data based on the differences among all reference data. The first fitting unit is used to fit the preset carbon emission behavior baseline model based on each reference data and the reference weight associated with that reference data, using the weighted least squares method, so as to update the model parameters of the carbon emission behavior baseline model and obtain the updated carbon emission behavior baseline model. The scoring module is used to take the ratio of the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation to the baseline carbon emissions as the efficiency ratio, and determine the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system under evaluation in the evaluation area based on the efficiency ratio.

2. The evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the data acquisition module, the accounting boundary for constructing the water supply system includes: Based on the water purification and distribution business of the water supply system operation, the accounting boundary of the water supply system is determined according to the direct carbon emission behavior of the water supply system, the first indirect carbon emission behavior caused by energy purchase, and the second indirect carbon emission behavior caused by non-energy purchase.

3. The evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference weight calculation unit includes: The first subunit is used to calculate the residual of a reference data point relative to all reference data points, and to use the reciprocal of the square of the residual as the residual weight of the reference data point. The second subunit is used to determine the compensation weight of the reference data based on the water treatment scale and water supply network length of the reference water supply system associated with a reference data, according to formula (2). （2）； This indicates the compensation weight of a reference data point; This indicates the water purification capacity of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; This indicates the length of the water supply network of the reference water supply system associated with this reference data; 'a' represents the normalization coefficient for the water treatment capacity of all reference water supply systems. The normalization factor represents the length of the water supply network for all reference water supply systems; i represents the reference data number. The third subunit is used to take the sum of the residual weight and the compensation weight as the reference weight.

4. The evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scoring module includes: The efficiency ratio unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of the water supply system under evaluation based on the actual carbon emissions and baseline carbon emissions of the system under evaluation. The scoring unit is used to substitute the efficiency ratio of the water supply system to be evaluated into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the efficiency ratios of all reference water supply systems stored locally to obtain the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated; the difference between 1 and the cumulative distribution percentage of the water supply system to be evaluated is used as the score of the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system to be evaluated.

5. The evaluation system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The scoring module also includes: The second fitting unit is used to calculate the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems and determine the cumulative distribution curve of the efficiency ratio before the scoring unit substitutes the efficiency ratio of the water supply system to be evaluated into the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of all reference water supply systems stored locally. Based on the cumulative distribution curve, the unit performs curve fitting using the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters to obtain the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution of the reference water supply system and stores it locally.

6. The evaluation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The scoring module also includes: The optimization unit is used to determine the preset shape parameters and preset scale parameters of the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution based on the mean and standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems, according to formulas (3) and (4), before the second fitting unit performs curve fitting using the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution with preset shape parameters and scale parameters. （3）； （4）； Indicates the preset shape parameters; Indicates the preset scale parameters; This represents the average efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems. This represents the standard deviation of the efficiency ratio of all reference water supply systems.

7. The evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the data acquisition module, acquiring the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated and associated with the accounting boundary includes: Obtain the operational data of the water supply system to be evaluated during the evaluation period, and extract the data associated with the accounting boundary from the operational data as the operational data to be evaluated; the data associated with the accounting boundary includes: the first power consumption in the water purification business, the consumption of each type of non-electric energy, the consumption of each type of first consumable, the weight of intermediate materials, the transportation distance of intermediate materials, the transportation method of intermediate materials and the weight of sludge water generated, as well as the second power consumption and the consumption of each type of second consumable in the water transmission and distribution business of the water supply system to be evaluated; The first accounting module includes: The accounting unit is used to determine the carbon emission amount of each carbon emission behavior based on the operational data to be evaluated and the emission factor corresponding to each carbon emission behavior; the carbon emission behaviors include: power energy consumption, non-power energy consumption, consumable consumption, transportation consumption and sludge landfill degradation in the water purification business, as well as power energy consumption and consumable consumption in the water transmission and distribution business. The summation unit is used to sum the carbon emissions of all carbon emission behaviors to obtain the actual carbon emissions of the water supply system under evaluation.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the evaluation system for the low-carbon operation level of the water supply system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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