Lithium ion battery negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a lithium-ion battery anode material, its preparation method, and its application. The lithium-ion battery anode material is Li3V6O. 13 V6O 13 Lithification of precursor materials allows lithium ions to be inserted or diffused into V6O. 13 In the crystal structure, Li3V6O is formed. 13 Negative electrode material. The Li3V6O provided by this invention... 13 The anode material has a high theoretical specific capacity and a moderate average operating potential, which can significantly improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries and suppress lithium dendrite formation, thereby improving battery safety; and Li3V6O 13 The anode material exhibits excellent rate performance and cycle stability, meeting the application requirements of fast charging and high-power output scenarios for lithium-ion batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, specifically to a lithium-ion battery anode material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, with their advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and no memory effect, have become core energy storage devices in portable electronic devices, new energy electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage power stations. The anode material, as a core component of lithium-ion batteries, directly determines the battery's energy density, rate charge / discharge performance, cycle stability, and safety. Currently, commercially available lithium-ion batteries primarily use graphite-based materials as anode materials, which offer advantages such as low cost and low operating potential (approximately 0.1 V vs. Li). + It features good cycling stability and other characteristics, but its theoretical specific capacity is only 372 mAh·g. -1 This limits the further improvement of the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, under high-rate fast charging conditions, the graphite anode is prone to uneven deposition of lithium ions on the electrode surface, forming lithium dendrites. The growth of lithium dendrites can pierce the battery separator and cause a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes, which greatly restricts its application in high-rate fast charging energy storage scenarios.

[0003] To overcome the specific capacity limitation of graphite anodes, existing technologies have developed silicon-based anode materials with a theoretical specific capacity as high as 4200 mAh·g. -1 However, these materials undergo volume expansion and contraction exceeding 300% during lithium-ion insertion / extraction, easily leading to electrode structure pulverization, interface instability, and decreased cycle performance. Lithium titanate anode materials have attracted attention due to their structural stability, excellent rate performance, and long cycle life, but their operating potential is relatively high (approximately 1.55 V vs. Li). + / Li), and its theoretical specific capacity is only 175 mAh·g. -1 A higher operating potential will significantly reduce the overall output voltage of lithium-ion batteries, resulting in a significant decrease in battery energy density, which cannot meet the needs of high-energy-density energy storage scenarios.

[0004] Vanadium-based oxides have attracted widespread attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to the rich valence state variations of vanadium, its tunable crystal structure, and its multidimensional lithium-ion diffusion channels. Among them, V6O... 13 As a mixed-valence vanadium oxide, it possesses a unique layered crystal structure and has been widely studied and applied in battery electrode materials. Chinese patent CN120646907A discloses the use of V6O... 13 Used as the positive electrode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, its charge / discharge voltage range is 0.2-1.5 V (vs. Zn). 2+ / Zn), the operating potential range and electrochemical reaction system of which are significantly different from those of lithium-ion batteries; and the existing technology discloses V6O 13 As a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, it is used in the range of 1.5-4.0 V (vs. Li). + The study focuses on lithium storage within the potential range of Li ( / Li), but does not address its application as a negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a lithium-ion battery negative electrode material that possesses a moderate operating potential, high specific capacity and excellent rate performance, good cycle stability, and high safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem that it is difficult to simultaneously achieve high energy density, rate performance, and safety in existing lithium-ion battery anode materials, and to provide a lithium-ion battery anode material, its preparation method, and its application. Li3V6O 13 With a moderate operating potential and high reversible specific capacity, it combines excellent rate performance and cycle stability, which can improve the defects of traditional anode materials such as low energy density, poor cycle stability or insufficient fast charging safety.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a lithium-ion battery anode material, wherein the lithium-ion battery anode material is Li3V6O. 13 .

[0008] The Li3V6O provided by this invention 13 The anode material possesses a mixed layered crystal structure composed of [VO6] octahedra and [VO5] tetragonal pyramids. The crystal contains tunnel structures and vacancies that facilitate ion transport, promoting rapid and reversible lithium-ion insertion and extraction. Based on these structural characteristics, this Li3V6O... 13 Anode materials have the following advantages: (1) Based on the multi-electron redox reaction mechanism (V 5+ / V 4+ / V 3+ (1) It can achieve a high reversible specific capacity; (2) There are multidimensional lithium-ion diffusion channels in the crystal structure, which have good rate performance; (3) The average working potential is about 0.4-0.6 V (vs. Li + The potential level of the lithium anode (Li) is significantly higher than that of the graphite anode, which can suppress the formation of lithium dendrites. At the same time, it is much lower than that of the lithium titanate anode, which ensures the battery output voltage and energy density, achieving a high efficiency balance between safety and energy density.

[0009] Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery anode material is Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 Conductive carbon layers can be applied to Li3V6O 13A continuous conductive network is constructed on the surface to reduce interface impedance and increase electron conduction rate, while alleviating structural stress during the charging and discharging process of the material, thereby further enhancing cycle stability and rate performance.

[0010] A second aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a lithium-ion battery anode material, comprising the following steps:

[0011] For V6O 13 Lithification was performed to obtain Li3V6O 13 The lithiation treatment is either chemical lithiation or electrochemical lithiation.

[0012] The specific operation of the chemical lithiation treatment is as follows: V6O 13 The lithium source was reacted chemically with the lithium source under an inert atmosphere to yield Li3V6O. 13 ;

[0013] The specific operation of the electrochemical lithiation treatment is as follows: V6O 13 The electrode serves as the working electrode and is assembled with a lithium metal counter electrode to form a lithium-ion battery or half-cell. The lithium-ion battery or half-cell is first discharged to 0.005-0.015 V, then charged to 1.5-2.0 V to complete in-situ lithiation, yielding Li3V6O. 13 .

[0014] This invention uses V6O 13 Lithification of precursor materials allows lithium ions to be inserted or diffused into V6O. 13 In the crystal structure, Li3V6O is formed. 13 Anode material. Vanadium-based oxides, during the initial lithium intercalation process, at approximately 1.8 V (vs. Li) + A significant lithium intercalation reaction plateau appears at the / Li region, which corresponds to the lithium-ion intercalation lattice of the material and forms a stable lithium-intercalated phase, Li3V6O. 13 In subsequent charge-discharge cycle tests within the potential range of 0.01–1.8 V, the core active phase that actually participated in the reversible electrochemical reaction and determined the electrochemical performance of the negative electrode was Li3V6O. 13 Instead of the initial vanadium-based oxide.

[0015] Furthermore, the lithium source is n-butyllithium, lithium sulfide (Li2S), lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, or lithium carbonate.

[0016] Furthermore, the lithium source is preferably Li₂S. Li₂S has a mild reaction and high lithium intercalation efficiency, and byproducts are easy to remove, which can ensure the purity of the material.

[0017] Furthermore, the lithium element in the lithium source reacts with V6O 13 The molar ratio of vanadium in the medium is (1.4-1.5):1.

[0018] Furthermore, the V6O 13 The electrode preparation method includes the following steps: V6O 13 Conductive agents and binders are dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, which is then coated onto the surface of the current collector and dried to obtain V6O. 13 electrode.

[0019] Furthermore, Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer on its surface... 13 It can be prepared by any of the following methods:

[0020] (1) Li3V6O prepared by chemical lithiation 13 Carbon coating treatment was performed to obtain Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 ;

[0021] (2) First, V6O 13 Carbon coating treatment is performed, and then the carbon-coated V6O is... 13 Lithification was performed to obtain Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 .

[0022] Furthermore, the carbon coating treatment employs plasma coating technology with a working power of 400-600 W, a working time of 10-15 min, a heating temperature of 250-350 ℃, and a carbon source of methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2,2-bipyridine, naphthalene, anthracene, or pyrene.

[0023] Furthermore, the carbon source is preferably anhydrous ethanol.

[0024] Furthermore, the V6O 13 The preparation method includes the following steps: dissolving ammonium metavanadate and oxalic acid dihydrate in deionized water, performing a hydrothermal reaction, washing and drying the resulting product, and then sintering it under an inert atmosphere to obtain the V6O. 13 .

[0025] Furthermore, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out at a temperature of 170-190 °C for a duration of 45-50 h.

[0026] Furthermore, the sintering temperature is 340-360 ℃, and the time is 10-15 h.

[0027] The third aspect of this invention provides the application of the lithium-ion battery anode material described in the first aspect or the lithium-ion battery anode material prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect in the assembly of lithium-ion batteries.

[0028] Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery is a button cell battery or a pouch cell battery.

[0029] The negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery prepared by chemical lithiation is used as the negative electrode active material, and is mixed with conductive agent and binder and coated on the surface of current collector to form the negative electrode of lithium-ion battery.

[0030] Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery negative electrode material accounts for 50-95% of the mass of the negative electrode, and the areal density of the lithium-ion battery negative electrode material is 0.5-20 mg·cm³. -2 .

[0031] The lithium-ion battery anode material obtained by electrochemical lithiation can be used directly as the anode electrode of lithium-ion batteries without disassembly or recoating, which simplifies the process, reduces the preparation cost, and is suitable for efficient large-scale production.

[0032] The above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The preparation method of the lithium-ion battery anode material provided by the present invention is simple and safe, the raw materials are readily available, the batch repeatability is high, no complicated equipment is required, and it is suitable for industrial production.

[0034] 2. The Li3V6O provided by this invention 13 The anode material has a high theoretical specific capacity and a moderate average operating potential, which can significantly improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries and suppress lithium dendrite formation, thereby improving battery safety; and Li3V6O 13 The anode material exhibits excellent rate performance and cycle stability, meeting the application requirements of fast charging and high-power output scenarios for lithium-ion batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 The Li3V6O prepared in Example 1 13 High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the negative electrode material.

[0036] Figure 2 The first constant current charge-discharge curve of the half-cell in Example 2 is shown.

[0037] Figure 3 The Li3V6O prepared in Example 2 13 X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the negative electrode material.

[0038] Figure 4 The C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 3 13 HRTEM image of the negative electrode material.

[0039] Figure 5 The Li3V6O prepared by chemical lithiation in Example 1 13The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at a current density of approximately 12 C.

[0040] Figure 6 Li3V6O prepared by in-situ electrochemical lithiation in Example 2 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at approximately 12C current density.

[0041] Figure 7 The C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 3 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at a current density of approximately 12 C.

[0042] Figure 8 The C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 4 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at a current density of approximately 12 C.

[0043] Figure 9 The C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 5 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at a current density of approximately 12 C.

[0044] Figure 10 For commercial graphite anodes at 5 C (≈1.86 A·g) -1 Cyclic performance curves at current density. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available.

[0048] V6O in the following embodiments 13The powder was prepared by dissolving ammonium metavanadate and oxalic acid dihydrate in deionized water, wherein the concentration of ammonium metavanadate was 0.1 mol·L⁻¹. -1 The concentration of oxalic acid dihydrate is 0.1 mol·L⁻¹. -1 The mixed solution was transferred to a high-pressure reactor for hydrothermal reaction at 180 °C for 48 h. After the reaction, the resulting product was centrifuged, washed, and dried in an oven to obtain a blue precursor. This precursor was then placed in a tube furnace and sintered under an argon atmosphere at 350 °C for 12 h, yielding a final blue-black product, V6O. 13 powder.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A lithium-ion battery Li3V6O 13 The preparation method of the negative electrode material includes the following steps:

[0051] Under an argon atmosphere, Li₂S and V₆O 13 The powder was added to anhydrous acetonitrile at a Li:V molar ratio of 1.45:1, and the mixture was refluxed at 80°C to allow lithium ions to fully intercalate into V6O. 13 Crystal lattice; after the reaction was complete, the byproduct S was removed by washing with a mixed solvent of ethanol and toluene (volume ratio 1:1) at 50 °C to obtain Li3V6O 13 Negative electrode material.

[0052] Li3V6O prepared in Example 1 13 HRTEM images of the negative electrode material, such as Figure 1 As shown, Li3V6O 13 The negative electrode material exhibits clear, continuous, and regular lattice fringes, confirming that Li3V6O 13 It possesses excellent crystallinity and a complete crystal structure; among which, the lattice spacing of 0.38 nm is similar to that of Li3V6O. 13 The (110) crystal plane spacing is perfectly matched, further verifying the successful synthesis of the target phase.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A lithium-ion battery Li3V6O 13 The preparation method of the negative electrode material includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) V6O 13 Powder, conductive agent Super P, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:3:2. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent was added to form a uniform slurry, which was then coated onto the surface of a copper current collector and dried to obtain V6O. 13Electrode; electrode diameter is 12 mm, V6O 13 The areal density of the powder is 1.0 mg·cm³. -2 .

[0056] (2) With V6O 13 The electrode is the working electrode, and metallic lithium is the counter electrode, in an organic electrolyte system (composed of 1.0 mol L...). -1 A half-cell was assembled in a mixture of LiPF6 (8 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7); the cell was first discharged to 0.01 V (vs. Li) in constant current mode. + / Li), and then charge to 1.8 V (vs. Li). + / Li), enabling lithium ions to be in situ embedded in V6O 13 Crystal lattice yielded Li3V6O 13 Negative electrode material.

[0057] The first constant current charge-discharge curve of the half-cell in Example 2 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, during the initial discharge process, at approximately 1.8 V (vs. Li) + A distinct potential plateau is observed at / Li, which corresponds to the electrochemical process of lithium ions intercalating into the lattice of the anode material and is a key feature for the formation of the target phase.

[0058] Li3V6O prepared in Example 2 13 XRD patterns of negative electrode materials are as follows Figure 3 As shown, after the initial lithium insertion to 1.8 V, Li3V6O 13 The diffraction peaks of the negative electrode material are similar to those of the standard Li3V6O. 13 The phases are highly compatible, and no obvious impurities are present, indicating that a pure and structurally stable Li3V6O has been successfully formed at this potential (1.8 V). 13 Lithium-intercalated phase. During subsequent electrochemical testing cycles of 0.01–1.8 V, the dominant active phase of the electrode material remained Li3V6O. 13 Instead of the initial V6O 13 Precursor.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] A lithium-ion battery C@Li3V6O 13 The preparation method of the negative electrode material includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) With V6O 13 Using powder as a matrix, surface conductive carbon modification was performed on it using plasma coating technology to form a uniform and dense conductive carbon layer on the material surface, resulting in C@V6O. 13The powder; the plasma coating process parameters are: working power 500 W, reaction time 10 min, heating temperature 300 ℃, and carbon source is anhydrous ethanol.

[0062] (2) Under an argon atmosphere, Li2S and C@V6O 13 The powder was added to anhydrous acetonitrile at a Li:V molar ratio of 1.45:1 and refluxed at 80 °C. After the reaction was completed, the byproduct S was removed by washing with a 1:1 (volume ratio) ethanol-toluene mixture at 50 °C to obtain C@Li3V6O. 13 Negative electrode material.

[0063] C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 3 13 HRTEM images of the negative electrode material, such as Figure 4 As shown, C@Li3V6O 13 The anode material exhibits clear, continuous, and regular lattice fringes, with a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm similar to that of Li3V6O. 13 The (310) crystal plane spacings are perfectly matched, indicating that the plasma coating technology does not damage Li3V6O 13 Originally possessing excellent crystallinity and a complete crystal structure; simultaneously, C@Li3V6O 13 The presence of a distinct amorphous conductive carbon coating layer, approximately 1 nm thick, on the surface of the negative electrode material confirms that Li3V6O 13 The negative electrode material is completely coated.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A lithium-ion battery C@Li3V6O 13 The preparation method of the negative electrode material includes the following steps:

[0066] (1) With V6O 13 Using powder as a matrix, surface conductive carbon modification was performed on it using plasma coating technology to form a uniform and dense conductive carbon layer on the material surface, resulting in C@V6O. 13 The powder; the plasma coating process parameters are: working power 500 W, reaction time 10 min, heating temperature 300 ℃, and carbon source is anhydrous ethanol.

[0067] (2) Add C@V6O 13 Powder, conductive agent Super P, and binder PVDF are mixed at a mass ratio of 5:3:2, and NMP solvent is added to form a uniform slurry. This slurry is then coated onto the surface of a copper current collector and dried to obtain C@V6O. 13 Electrode; electrode diameter is 12 mm, C@V6O 13 The areal density of the powder is 1.0 mg·cm³. -2 .

[0068] (3) Using C@V6O 13 The electrode is the working electrode, and lithium metal is the counter electrode, in an organic electrolyte system (composed of 1.0 mol / L...). -1 A half-cell was assembled in a mixture of LiPF6 (8 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7); the cell was first discharged to 0.01 V (vs. Li) in constant current mode. + / Li), and then charge to 1.8 V (vs. Li). + / Li), enabling lithium ions to be in situ embedded in V6O 13 The crystal lattice yielded C@Li3V6O. 13 Negative electrode material.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] A lithium-ion battery C@Li3V6O 13 The preparation method of the negative electrode material includes the following steps:

[0071] (1) Under an argon atmosphere, Li2S and V6O are reacted. 13 The powder was added to anhydrous acetonitrile at a Li:V molar ratio of 1.45:1 and refluxed at 80 °C. After the reaction was completed, the byproduct S was removed by washing with a 1:1 (volume ratio) ethanol-toluene mixture at 50 °C to obtain Li3V6O. 13 Negative electrode material.

[0072] (2) Using Li3V6O 13 Using powder as a matrix, surface conductive carbon modification was performed on it using plasma coating technology to form a uniform and dense conductive carbon layer on the material surface, resulting in C@Li3V6O. 13 The powder; the plasma coating process parameters are: working power 500 W, reaction time 10 min, heating temperature 300 ℃, and carbon source is anhydrous ethanol.

[0073] Test Example 1

[0074] The Li3V6O prepared in Example 1 13 The negative electrode material or the C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 3 13 The negative electrode material, conductive agent Super P, and binder PVDF were mixed at a mass ratio of 5:3:2, and NMP solvent was added to form a uniform slurry. This slurry was then coated onto the surface of a copper current collector and dried to obtain Li3V6O. 13 Electrode; electrode diameter is 12 mm, V6O 13 The areal density of the powder is 1.0 mg·cm³. -2 .

[0075] Using commercial graphite anodes and the aforementioned Li3V6O 13 Electrode, Li3V6O prepared in Example 2 13 Anode material, C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 3 13 Anode material, C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 4 13 The negative electrode material or the C@Li3V6O prepared in Example 5 13 The negative electrode material is used as the working electrode, and metallic lithium is used as the counter electrode in an organic electrolyte system (composed of 1.0 mol L...). -1 LiPF6 (a mixture of 8 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and methyl ethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 3:7) was used to assemble a lithium-ion half-cell, and electrochemical tests were performed in the voltage range of 0.01-1.8 V (vs. Li). + / Li).

[0076] Test results are as follows Figure 5-8 As shown, Figure 5 Li3V6O prepared by chemical lithiation in Example 1 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves of Li3V6O at a current density of approximately 12 C. 13 The anode material maintained stable specific capacity and high coulombic efficiency after 4500 cycles, demonstrating excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle stability, fully proving the superior performance of Li3V6O. 13 The structure exhibits extremely strong structural stability and ion migration ability during high-rate lithium insertion / extraction processes. Figure 6 Li3V6O prepared by in-situ electrochemical lithiation in Example 2 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves of Li3V6O at a current density of approximately 12 C. 13 The anode material maintained excellent capacity retention and coulombic efficiency throughout 6000 cycles. Comparison of Examples 1 and 2 shows that both electrochemical lithiation and chemical lithiation methods can prepare high-performance Li3V6O. 13 Among anode materials, electrochemical lithiation exhibits superior overall electrochemical performance under high-rate long-cycle conditions due to its simpler in-situ generation process and better interfacial contact.

[0077] Figure 7-9 The C@Li3V6O prepared in Examples 3-5 are respectively 13 The negative electrode material at 5.0 A·g -1 Cyclic performance curves at a current density of approximately 12 C, compared to the uncoated sample, for C@Li3V6O 13The capacity retention and cycle stability of the anode material were significantly improved. This is because the conductive carbon layer constructs a continuous electron transport channel, effectively reducing the interfacial charge transfer impedance and alleviating the structural stress of the material during repeated lithium insertion / extraction processes, thereby further improving the performance of Li3V6O. 13 Electrochemical performance as a negative electrode material.

[0078] Figure 10 For commercial graphite anodes at 5 C (≈1.86 A·g) -1 The cycling performance curves at high current densities show that the reversible specific capacity of commercial graphite anodes decreases significantly at high current densities, and the cycling stability is poor. A comprehensive comparative analysis of Examples 1-3 and commercial graphite anodes demonstrates that the Li3V6O prepared in this invention... 13 and C@Li3V6O 13 The anode material exhibits significant comprehensive performance advantages over traditional commercial graphite anodes in terms of high-rate capacity, long cycle life, and safety, and has the potential to solve the technical problem of existing lithium-ion battery anodes that are difficult to balance energy density, rate performance, and safety.

[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium-ion battery anode material, characterized in that, The lithium-ion battery anode material is Li3V6O. 13 The average operating potential of the lithium-ion battery negative electrode material is 0.4-0.6 V. The preparation method of the lithium-ion battery anode material includes the following steps: For V6O 13 Lithification was performed to obtain Li3V6O 13 The lithiation treatment is either chemical lithiation or electrochemical lithiation. The specific operation of the chemical lithiation treatment is as follows: V6O 13 The lithium source was reacted chemically with the lithium source under an inert atmosphere to yield Li3V6O. 13 ; The specific operation of the electrochemical lithiation treatment is as follows: V6O 13 The electrode serves as the working electrode and is assembled with a lithium metal counter electrode to form a lithium-ion battery or half-cell. The lithium-ion battery or half-cell is first discharged to 0.005-0.015 V, then charged to 1.5-2.0 V to complete in-situ lithiation, yielding Li3V6O. 13 .

2. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium source is n-butyllithium, lithium sulfide, lithium chloride, lithium hydroxide, lithium oxide, or lithium carbonate.

3. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium source contains lithium element and V6O 13 The molar ratio of vanadium in the medium is (1.4-1.5):

1.

4. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The V6O 13 The electrode preparation method includes the following steps: V6O 13 Conductive agents and binders are dispersed in a solvent to form a slurry, which is then coated onto the surface of the current collector and dried to obtain V6O. 13 electrode.

5. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The lithium-ion battery anode material is Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 .

6. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to claim 5, characterized in that, Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer on its surface 13 It can be prepared by any of the following methods: (1) Li3V6O prepared by chemical lithiation 13 Carbon coating treatment was performed to obtain Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 ; (2) First, V6O 13 Carbon coating treatment is performed, and then the carbon-coated V6O is... 13 Lithification was performed to obtain Li3V6O with a conductive carbon layer coated on its surface. 13 .

7. The lithium-ion battery anode material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The carbon coating process employs plasma coating technology with a working power of 400-600 W, a working time of 10-15 min, a heating temperature of 250-350 ℃, and carbon sources including methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2,2-bipyridine, naphthalene, anthracene, or pyrene.

8. The application of the lithium-ion battery negative electrode material according to any one of claims 1-7 in the assembly of lithium-ion batteries.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, A lithium-ion battery negative electrode electrode is prepared by chemical lithiation and used as the negative electrode active material. This material is mixed with a conductive agent and a binder and coated onto the surface of a current collector to form the lithium-ion battery negative electrode. The lithium-ion battery negative electrode electrode contains 50-95% lithium-ion battery negative electrode material by mass, and the areal density of the lithium-ion battery negative electrode material is 0.5-20 mg·cm³. -2 .

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