Methods, apparatus, systems, computer-readable media, and computer program products for estimating in-band power of optical signals.

Abstract

This disclosure provides a method for estimating the in-band power of optical signals. It determines the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the transmitting end based on the power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end. Using a preset optical physical layer model, it simulates the transmission of the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point at the transmitting end to determine the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point at the receiving end. Based on the power spectrum of the second channel at the receiving end and the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point at the receiving end, it determines the power error of each wavelength channel. Based on the comparison between the power error of each wavelength channel and a preset threshold, it determines the power estimate of each sub-frequency point at the receiving end. This method achieves rapid estimation of high-resolution in-band power spectra with low implementation cost. This disclosure also provides a power estimation device, a power detection and estimation system, a computer-readable medium, and a computer program product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, system, computer-readable medium, and computer program product for estimating the in-band power of an optical signal. Background Technology

[0002] With the doubling of optical transport network service rates and baud rates to reduce the cost and power consumption per bit in network construction, the mainstream rate for long-distance transmission has gone through 100Gb / s QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) at 32GBd, 200Gb / s QPSK at 64GBd, and the baud rate will continue to double to 128GBd in 2024, with the bit rate reaching 400Gb / s.

[0003] In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, to achieve wavelength routing and balanced transmission performance, the wavelength routing direction and power attenuation are configured for service wavelengths through optical cross-connect devices at ROADM (Re-Configurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) sites. For example, a 100Gb / s 32GBd QPSK signal is configured for power control in a 50GHz channel, a 200Gb / s 64GBd QPSK signal is configured for power control in a 75GHz channel, and a 400Gb / s 128GBd QPSK signal needs to be configured for power control in a 150GHz channel. In fact, the wavelength correlation characteristics of the gain spectrum of optical amplifiers, the wavelength correlation characteristics of fiber loss, and the wavelength correlation characteristics of optical path device loss in optical transmission links all lead to the wavelength correlation characteristics of the signal power spectrum. As the service baud rate increases and the signal channel becomes larger, the wavelength correlation characteristics of the in-band power spectrum will become more and more obvious, which will have a significant impact on the service signal transmission performance. It is necessary to control it through power equalization devices, provided that the in-band signal power spectrum flatness can be accurately perceived.

[0004] Current mainstream commercial OPM (Optical Performance Monitoring) modules achieve channel power detection by scanning the spectrum using tunable optical filters. However, their spectral resolution is limited; the devices can only achieve power detection at a 10GHz granularity, and commercial integration typically supports power detection and reporting at a minimum 37.5GHz granularity, failing to achieve fine-grained power spectrum flatness detection. Furthermore, achieving high-resolution power spectrum detection requires narrow-bandwidth, high-resolution OPM modules, increasing costs and expectedly lengthening detection time, severely impacting operational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, system, computer-readable medium, and computer program product for estimating the in-band power of an optical signal.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a method for estimating the in-band power of an optical signal, the method comprising:

[0007] The power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is determined based on the power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end; wherein, the power spectrum of the first channel of each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is obtained by the optical performance monitor (OPM) at the transmitting end;

[0008] Using a preset optical physical layer model, the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is simulated and transmitted to determine the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

[0009] The power error of each wavelength channel is determined based on the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiving end and the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the receiving end; wherein, the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiving end is obtained by OPM detection at the receiving end;

[0010] Based on the comparison results of the power error of each wavelength channel and the preset threshold, the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end is determined.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a power estimation device, including: a memory and a processor; the memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the processor, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method as described above.

[0012] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a power detection and estimation system, which includes a wavelength division multiplexing system and a power estimation device as described above. The wavelength division multiplexing system includes an optical amplifier, a transmitter configured with an optical performance monitor (OPM), and a receiver configured with an OPM. The optical amplifier is disposed in the transmission link between the transmitter and the receiver.

[0013] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method.

[0014] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method.

[0015] The optical signal in-band power estimation method of this disclosure determines the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end based on the power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end; it uses a preset optical physical layer model to simulate the transmission of the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end, and determines the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end; it determines the power error of each wavelength channel based on the power spectrum of the second channel at the receiving end and the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end; and it determines the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end based on the comparison result of the power error of each wavelength channel and a preset threshold. This disclosure embodiment can achieve high-resolution in-band power spectrum estimation, meeting the needs of refined operation and maintenance of high-speed optical networks; it can achieve high-resolution sensing by upgrading the software algorithm using existing low-resolution OPMs, reducing the implementation cost of the solution; and it achieves rapid detection through optical physical layer model simulation transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0016] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed herein:

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of power spectrum data before and after transmitting a 400Gb / s QPSK wavelength division multiplexed signal across 14 fiber spans in a 150GHz channel;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0019] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the in-band power estimation method for optical signals provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the in-band power estimation method for optical signals provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 ;

[0021] Figure 5 Insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency position of the optical amplifier model and the first insertion loss model provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 6 Insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point position of the optical fiber model and the second insertion loss model provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of a sub-C-band wavelength division multiplexing sub-wavelength application scenario provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the module composition of the power estimation device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The present disclosure will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, the embodiments shown may be embodied in different forms, and the present disclosure should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth below. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the scope of the disclosure.

[0027] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate this disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the detailed embodiments to explain this disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. These and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of detailed embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, each embodiment and feature of this disclosure may be used individually or in combination with other embodiments and features thereof.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the embodiments of this disclosure without departing from the scope of this disclosure as set forth by the appended claims.

[0030] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. The term "and / or" as used in this disclosure includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated entries. The singular forms "a" and "the" as used in this disclosure are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprising," "made of," etc., as used in this disclosure specify the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in this disclosure (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless expressly so defined in this disclosure.

[0032] A 400Gb / s 128GBd QPSK signal requires power control within a 150GHz channel. The wavelength-dependent characteristics of the optical amplifier gain spectrum, fiber loss, and optical path device loss in the optical transmission link all contribute to wavelength-dependent signal power spectra. As the service baud rate increases and the signal channel becomes larger, the wavelength-dependent characteristics of the in-band power spectrum become more pronounced, significantly impacting service signal transmission performance. This necessitates control through power equalization devices, requiring precise sensing of the in-band signal power spectrum flatness. Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the power spectrum data before and after transmitting a 400Gb / s QPSK wavelength division multiplexed signal across 14 fiber spans in a 150GHz channel, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, a 400Gb / s QPSK wavelength division multiplexing signal, transmitted over 1050-km across 14 fiber optic spans in a 150GHz channel grid configuration, exhibits significant flatness degradation as detected by a spectrometer, which impacts the transmission performance.

[0033] The higher the signal baud rate, the worse the in-band power spectral flatness during long-distance transmission. However, due to the spectral resolution limitations of current optical channel power monitoring (OPM) devices, high-resolution in-band power spectral flatness sensing is not possible. To address these technical issues, this disclosure provides an in-band power estimation method for optical signals, which can achieve high-resolution in-band power spectral flatness sensing quickly and at low cost.

[0034] The optical signal in-band power estimation method is applied to a power estimation device, which realizes in-band power estimation of optical signals based on a wavelength division multiplexing system. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a wavelength division multiplexing system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the wavelength division multiplexed signal undergoes wavelength division multiplexing and optical amplification at the transmitting end ROADM site (i.e., the transmitter, source node) via WSS (Wavelength Selective Switch) before entering the optical fiber. An OPM (Optical Power Manager) is deployed within the transmitting end ROADM site, and the OPM is mounted on the transmitting end optical amplifier. Therefore, the wavelength division multiplexing channel power of the transmitting end ROADM site, i.e., the power of each wavelength channel, can be detected. The power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end , ( ), This indicates the number of wavelengths in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. The WDM signal experiences power attenuation after entering fiber optic span 1, further attenuation after passing through optical attenuator 1, and then amplification by an optical amplifier. This process is repeated n times, where n is the number of fiber optic spans in a single multiplexing segment. Finally, the WDM signal enters the receiving ROADM site (i.e., the receiver / destination node), where the OPM deployed at the receiving ROADM site detects the WDM channel power, i.e., the power spectrum of each wavelength channel in the second channel at the receiver. Since all ROADM sites are equipped with optical power equalization devices (WSS) for power equalization, it is only necessary to detect the power spectral flatness between ROADM sites and provide it to the upper-layer control software for power adjustment. In other words, it is necessary to detect and adjust the power spectral flatness within the wavelength division multiplexing signal band of one OMS (Optical Multiplex Section). Therefore, this disclosure uses one OMS as an example for illustration, and the case of multiple OMSs is within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the in-band power estimation method for optical signals provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 , Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the in-band power estimation method for optical signals provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 , combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0036] Step S11: Determine the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end based on the first channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the transmitting end; wherein, the first channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is obtained by OPM detection at the transmitting end.

[0037] At the transmitting ROADM site, the power spectrum of the first channel output of the transmitting optical amplifier is detected by OPM. At the receiving end ROAMD site, the power spectrum of the second channel output by the receiving optical amplifier is detected by OPM. In this step, the power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end for each wavelength channel is used as a basis. Determine the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point at the transmitting end for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel. .

[0038] Step S12: Using a preset optical physical layer model, simulate the transmission of the first sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end, and determine the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

[0039] In this step, the power estimation device uses the optophysical layer model combined with high-resolution optical parameter calibration (such as optical amplifier gain spectrum, fiber wavelength correlation loss spectrum, etc.) to calculate the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point at the transmitting end for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel. Simulated transmission was performed to obtain the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point at the receiver for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel. .

[0040] Step S13: Determine the power error of each wavelength channel based on the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiver and the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the receiver; wherein, the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiver is obtained by OPM detection at the receiver.

[0041] In this step, the power estimation device, for each wavelength channel, calculates the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point at the receiver based on the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within that wavelength channel. The estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiver end was calculated. And based on the channel at the receiver, the power spectrum is estimated. The power spectrum of the second channel at the receiving end of the wavelength channel. The power error of this wavelength channel was calculated. .

[0042] Step S14: Based on the comparison results of the power error of each wavelength channel and the preset threshold, determine the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiver.

[0043] The optical signal in-band power estimation method of this disclosure determines the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end based on the power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end; simulates the transmission of the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end using a preset optical physical layer model to determine the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end; determines the power error of each wavelength channel based on the power spectrum of the second channel at the receiving end and the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end; and then determines the power error of each wavelength channel based on the power spectrum of each wavelength channel. The power estimate of each sub-frequency point at the receiver is determined by comparing the rate error with the preset threshold. This embodiment can achieve high-resolution in-band power spectrum estimation, meeting the needs of refined operation and maintenance of high-speed optical networks. High-resolution sensing can be achieved by upgrading the software algorithm using existing low-resolution OPMs, reducing the implementation cost of the solution. The second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point at the receiver is obtained by simulating transmission through the optical physical layer model instead of hardware scanning, which can avoid the problem of increased detection time caused by the reduction of scanning step size in high-resolution OPMs, and achieve rapid detection.

[0044] In some embodiments, determining the power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end based on the first channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the transmitting end (i.e., step S11) includes the following steps: For each wavelength channel in each wavelength channel, the power spectrum of the first channel of the wavelength channel at the transmitting end is... The power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in the wavelength channel is obtained by evenly distributing the power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in the wavelength channel at the transmitting end. In other words, a single wavelength channel Internally divided according to testing requirements One sub-frequency point to be detected , ( ), This refers to the number of sub-frequency points within a single wavelength channel. The resolution capability is determined by dividing the width of a single wavelength channel by the adjustable resolution of the WSS. Since each OMS performs channel-level and sub-frequency-level power adjustment, the power spectrum of the wavelength division multiplexed signal emitted by the transmitting ROADM site is flat. The power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the first sub-frequency point at the transmitting end, and the estimated sub-frequency-level power spectrum output by the transmitting optical amplifier of the transmitting ROADM site, can be expressed by the following formula (1):

[0045] (1)

[0046] in, Wavelength channel The power spectrum of the first channel at the transmitting end Wavelength channel The number of intron frequencies, Wavelength channel Sub-frequency points within The power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point at the transmitting end.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the preset optical physical layer model can include multiple cascaded simulation models. The simulation models include at least: a first insertion loss model (i.e., insertion loss model 1), an optical fiber model, a second insertion loss model (i.e., insertion loss model 2), and an optical amplifier model.

[0048] First insertion loss model The configuration includes attenuation spectrum information for each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel after passing through fiber optic patch cords and / or fiber optic distribution frames. Since the signal output from the transmitter optical amplifier within the ROADM site needs to pass through fiber optic patch cords and fiber optic distribution frames before entering the optical fiber, a first insertion loss model needs to be introduced. This model is obtained by summing the wavelength-dependent loss spectra of typical components such as patch cord lengths and patch panels during optical network deployment, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. Attenuation spectrum information.

[0049] Fiber optic model The configuration includes attenuation spectrum information for each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel, generated based on the Raman transfer effect and / or fiber attenuation effect. Fiber model. Simultaneously considering the wavelength-dependent loss spectrum generated by Raman transfer effect and fiber attenuation effect, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. Attenuation spectrum information.

[0050] Second insertion loss model The configuration includes attenuation spectrum information for each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel, based on the attenuation spectrum generated by the optical attenuator. Second insertion loss model. Considering that optical attenuators are typically installed at the ends of fiber optic segments for maintenance, attenuation will be introduced, including at each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. Attenuation spectrum information.

[0051] Optical amplifier model The configuration includes gain spectrum information for each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel, based on the optical amplifier. Optical amplifier model. The power spectrum estimate at each wavelength and frequency can be calculated by cascading the above three models. Optical amplifier model Considering the amplification effect of the optical amplifier at different wavelengths and frequency points, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The gain spectrum information of the optical amplifier is required. Since the gain spectrum of the optical amplifier varies under different set gain values, different input signal power spectra, different set gain values, and different input wavelength numbers, it is necessary to obtain the gain spectrum of each optical amplifier under different set gain / slope / input power spectrum / wavenumber conditions under non-saturated output conditions before commissioning and maintenance, and store it in the optical amplifier's storage unit. In some embodiments, the gain spectrum of the above-mentioned independent variables under the set maximum, minimum, and nominal conditions can be selected and stored in the storage unit, while the gain spectrum under other operating conditions can be calculated by interpolation, thereby reducing the storage requirements. Alternatively, models such as the J. Burgmeier black box model and the optical amplifier spectrum hole-burning model can be used to further reduce data storage requirements.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the transmission link between the transmitting ROADM site (i.e., the source node) and the receiving ROADM site (i.e., the destination node) includes at least one OTS (Optical Transmission Section). The step of simulating the transmission of the first sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end using a preset optical physical layer model (i.e., step S12) includes the following steps: On the transmission link, sequentially for each OTS in the transmission link, using the preset optical physical layer model, the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is simulated. Perform simulated transmission.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, determining the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point at the receiver for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel (i.e., step S12) includes the following steps:

[0054] Step S121: In response to the current OTS being the last OTS in the transmission link, obtain the output result of the preset optical physical layer model in the current OTS. The output result is the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

[0055] If the current OTS is the last stage in the transmission link, that is, the last OTS in the transmission link between the transmitter and receiver, then the output of the physical layer model in this last OTS is the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiver. .

[0056] Step S122: In response to the last OTS in the non-transmission link of the current OTS, sum the sub-frequency power spectra of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel in the current OTS to obtain the total power of all wavelength channels in the current OTS; wherein, the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel in the current OTS is determined by the preset optical physical layer model in the current OTS.

[0057] If the current OTS is not the last stage in the transmission link, that is, if the current OTS is not the last OTS in the transmission link between the transmitter and receiver, then obtain the preset optical physical layer model output of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS, and obtain the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS. The power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS. Summing gives the total power of all wavelength channels at the current OTS. .

[0058] Step S123: Based on the total power of the optical amplifier in the current OTS and the total power of all wavelength channels in the current OTS, the sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS is calibrated to obtain the calibrated sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS. The calibrated sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS is used for simulation transmission based on a preset optical physical layer model in the next OTS, so as to determine the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end in the last OTS of the transmission link.

[0059] In this step, based on the detected total power of the current stage optical amplifier... Total power of all wavelength channels at the current OTS ,pass Formula calibration of sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS This ensures that the estimation results do not deviate from reality. The power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel after calibration at the current OTS sub-frequency point. The optical physical layer model of the next OTS is cycled to simulate the transmission of wavelength division multiplexed optical signals through multiple OTSs until the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiver is determined in the last OTS of the transmission link. .

[0060] In some embodiments, determining the power estimate at the receiver for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel based on the comparison result of the power error of each wavelength channel and a preset threshold (i.e., step S14) includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S141: Determine the maximum power error from the power errors of each wavelength channel.

[0062] Maximum power error It refers to the maximum absolute value of the error among the various power errors.

[0063] Step S142: In response to the maximum power error being greater than or equal to a preset threshold, for the power error of each wavelength channel, the parameters of the preset optical physical layer model are updated by evenly distributing the power error of the wavelength channel to the preset optical physical layer model in each OTS, thereby obtaining the updated optical physical layer model.

[0064] Step S143: Using the updated optical physical layer model, simulate the transmission of the first sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end in the transmission link, determine the power error of each wavelength channel, and determine the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end based on the comparison result of the power error of each wavelength channel and the preset threshold, until the maximum power error is less than the preset threshold, and determine the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end as the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, the maximum power error of each wavelength channel is determined. Is it less than the preset threshold? If the maximum power error of the wavelength channel Greater than or equal to the preset threshold Then the maximum power error of that wavelength channel The insertion loss is evenly distributed across the insertion loss model of each OTS. Specifically, it can be evenly distributed across the first insertion loss model, or evenly distributed across the second insertion loss model, or evenly distributed across both the first and second insertion loss models. In this embodiment of the disclosure, it is evenly distributed across the second insertion loss model. Taking the above as an example, perform the following error averaging operation: Then, an end-to-end in-band optical signal power estimation is performed on the OMS. This time, the optical physical layer model has already considered the error distribution during the above iteration process, and the power error of each wavelength channel is reduced when reaching the receiver ROADM site. It will continue to decrease until it reaches the preset threshold. .

[0066] If the maximum power error of the wavelength channel Less than the preset threshold Then the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in the wavelength channel at the receiving end. This is the power spectrum estimate at the sub-frequency level of the ROADM site at the OMS receiver in the optical multiplex section.

[0067] In some embodiments, determining the power error of each wavelength channel based on the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiver and the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the receiver (i.e., step S13) includes the following steps:

[0068] Step S131: For each wavelength channel, sum the power spectra of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in the wavelength channel at the receiving end to obtain the channel estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiving end.

[0069] In some embodiments, the wavelength channel can be calculated according to the following formula (2). Estimating the power spectrum of the channel at the receiver:

[0070] (2)

[0071] in, Wavelength channel Inner frequency point The power spectrum at the second sub-frequency point at the receiving end.

[0072] The estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiver is obtained through calculation. This enables end-to-end estimation of sub-frequency power spectra using OPM calibration at conventional resolution.

[0073] Step S132: Determine the power error of the wavelength channel based on the channel estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiver and the second channel power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiver.

[0074] The wavelength division multiplexed optical signal has entered the receiving optical amplifier at the ROADM site (i.e., the destination node). At this point, since the OPM detection resolution only supports the channel / wavelength level, the channel-level estimation error, i.e., the power error of the wavelength channel, can be calculated. .

[0075] In some embodiments, the power error of the wavelength channel can be calculated according to the following formula (3). :

[0076] (3)

[0077] in, Wavelength channel Estimating the power spectrum of the channel at the receiving end. Wavelength channel The power spectrum of the second channel at the receiving end Wavelength channel The power error.

[0078] In some embodiments, at least one Optical Signal Management System (OMS) is included between the transmitter and the receiver; when there are at least two OMS, the optical signal in-band power estimation method is used to estimate the power of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel between the transmitter and the receiver within each OMS.

[0079] This disclosure also provides a power estimation device, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes a memory 1 and a processor 2; the memory 1 has a computer program that can be executed by the processor 2, and when the computer program is executed by the processor 2, it implements any one of the optical signal in-band power estimation methods of the present disclosure embodiments.

[0080] Among them, the processor is a device with data processing capabilities, including but not limited to the central processing unit (CPU); the memory is a device with data storage capabilities, including but not limited to random access memory (RAM), more specifically such as SDRAM, DDR, etc., read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory (FLASH); I / O interface, or read-write interface, is connected between the processor and the memory, enabling information exchange between the memory and the processor, including but not limited to the data bus (Bus).

[0081] This disclosure also provides a power detection and estimation system, which includes a wavelength division multiplexing system and a power estimation device as described above. The wavelength division multiplexing system includes an optical amplifier, a transmitter configured with an OPM, and a receiver configured with an OPM. The optical amplifier is disposed in the transmission link between the transmitter and the receiver.

[0082] It should be noted that the power estimation device includes a preset optical physical layer model, which includes multiple cascaded simulation models. The simulation models include at least: a first insertion loss model, an optical fiber model, a second insertion loss model, and an optical amplifier model.

[0083] In some embodiments, a wavelength division multiplexing system includes at least one of the following:

[0084] C-band wavelength division multiplexing system;

[0085] C-band and L-band wavelength division multiplexing systems;

[0086] A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system that multiplexes multiple sub-wavelengths in a wavelength channel is a C-band WDM system or a C-band and L-band WDM system.

[0087] To clearly illustrate the solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the following is combined with... Figure 3 The following is a detailed description through three specific embodiments.

[0088] Example 1

[0089] Example 1 illustrates a C-band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system scenario, where the C-band is the most typical and commonly used application. Taking the following service as an example, the service configuration uses a 100GHz grid with a 6THz C-band spectrum range (1524.7-1571.9nm), a 60-wavelength system, a 3dB bandwidth of 92GHz, and an optical transmission link configuration of 3 optical multiplexing segments, each including 5 fiber spans. The optical cross-connect site uses a 32-dimensional ROADM site. When performing power spectral equalization in each optical multiplexing segment, the aforementioned in-band power estimation method is used to achieve high-resolution in-band flatness estimation of the 3.125GHz optical signal at low cost and speed.

[0090] First, the power spectrum of the first channel output by the transmitting optical amplifier is detected by OPM at the transmitting ROADM site. At the receiving end ROAMD site, the power spectrum of the second channel output by the receiving optical amplifier is detected by OPM. ,in , representing the number of wavelengths in a wavelength division multiplexing system. This represents the number of fiber optic spans in a single optical multiplex segment. =5.

[0091] Single wavelength channel Internally divided according to testing requirements One sub-frequency point to be detected ( Since each OMS performs channel-level and sub-frequency-level power adjustment, the power spectrum of the wavelength division multiplexed signal transmitted by the transmitting ROADM site is flat within the band. The estimated sub-frequency-level power spectrum output of the transmitting optical amplifier at the transmitting ROADM site (i.e., the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point) can be expressed as: .

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the insertion loss model 1 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. . Figure 5 The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency position of the optical amplifier model and insertion loss model 1 provided in Example 1. Insertion losses from fiber optic patch cords, fiber optic distribution frames, etc., were taken into account. Figure 5 As shown, The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point is represented by the purple curve, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 32×60=1920 frequency points for insertion loss spectrum.

[0093] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the optical fiber model of the optical physical layer model. . Figure 6 The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point of the fiber model and the second insertion loss model provided in Embodiment 1 of this disclosure, the fiber model The wavelength-dependent loss spectrum was considered, taking into account the C-band 6THz Raman transfer effect and the attenuation effect of G.652 fiber, such as... Figure 6 As shown, fiber optic model The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point is represented by the red curve, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 32×60=1920 fiber loss spectra at various frequency points.

[0094] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters insertion loss model 2 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. , Considering the 3dB optical attenuation at the fiber optic span end, such as... Figure 6 As shown, The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point is represented by a green curve, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 32×60=1920 frequency points for insertion loss spectrum.

[0095] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the optical amplifier model in the optical physical layer model. Optical amplifier model The amplification effect of the optical amplifier at different wavelengths and frequency points was considered, such as... Figure 5 As shown, optical amplifier model The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point is represented by the blue curve, including each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The gain spectrum information includes the gain spectrum of the optical amplifier at a total of 32 × 60 = 1920 frequency points. Here, the J. Burgmeier black-box model is used, and pre-calibrated gain spectra at different set gain / slope / input power / wavenumber are retrieved to obtain the gain spectrum at the current input power / set gain / set slope. .

[0096] If the current stage is not the last stage optical amplifier of a single OMS, then the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS is... Summing gives the total power of all wavelength channels at the current OTS. And based on the total power of all detected wavelength channels in the current OTS ,pass Formula calibration This ensures that the estimation results do not deviate from reality. (After calibration) The optical physical layer model of the next OTS is cycled to simulate the process of wavelength division multiplexing optical signals being transmitted through multiple OTSs.

[0097] If the current optical amplifier is the last stage of a single OMS, it means that the wavelength division multiplexing optical signal has entered the optical amplifier of the receiving ROADM site. At this time, since the OPM detection resolution only supports the channel / wavelength level, the channel level estimation error, i.e., the power error, can be calculated according to formulas (2) and (3). If the maximum power error of each channel Greater than or equal to the preset threshold Then, the error is evenly distributed across the insertion loss model 2 of each OTS, and an error averaging operation is performed: Then, an end-to-end estimation is performed on the OMS. Since the optical physical layer model has already considered the error distribution during the previous iterations, the channel power error detected by OPM at the OMS receiver ROADM site will continuously decrease until it reaches a preset threshold. If the maximum power error of each channel Less than the preset threshold Then the power spectrum estimate at the sub-frequency level of the current OMS receiver ROADM site is obtained. .

[0098] Other OSM detection methods are consistent with the single OMS detection method described above and can be executed in parallel. Other C-band few-wavelength multiplexed optical transmission configurations can be extended based on this embodiment, and are all within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0099] Example 2

[0100] Example 2 illustrates a C+L band wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system scenario. Taking the following service as an example, the service configuration uses a C+L band 12THz spectrum range (1524.89 -1625.77nm) with a 300GHz grid, a 40-wavelength system, a 3dB bandwidth of 280GHz, and an optical transmission link configuration of two optical multiplexing segments, each consisting of five fiber spans. The optical cross-connect site is a 32-dimensional ROADM site. When performing power spectral equalization in each optical multiplexing segment, the aforementioned in-band power estimation method is used to achieve a low-cost and rapid high-resolution in-band flatness estimation method for optical signals up to 3.125GHz.

[0101] First, at the transmitting ROADM site, the power spectra of the first channel of the C-band and L-band outputs of the transmitting optical amplifier are detected using OPM. ( )and ( At the receiving end ROAMD site, the power spectrum of the second channel output from the C-band and L-band optical amplifiers is detected by OPM. and ,in Indicates the number of wavelengths in a wavelength division multiplexing system. This represents the number of fiber optic spans in a single optical multiplex segment. =5.

[0102] Single wavelength channel Internally divided according to testing requirements One sub-frequency point to be detected ( Since each OMS performs channel-level and sub-frequency-level power adjustment, the power spectrum of the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signal transmitted from the transmitting ROADM site is flat within the band. However, because the input power of the C-band and L-band WDM signals needs to be designed differently to match channel differences, the estimated sub-frequency-level power spectrum of the WDM signal output from the transmitting C-band and L-band optical amplifiers at the transmitting ROADM site can be expressed as follows: ( )and ( ).

[0103] like Figure 3 As shown, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the insertion loss model 1 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. and . and Insertion loss was considered for C-band and L-band fiber optic patch cords, fiber optic distribution frames, etc. and The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each channel / wavelength in the C and L bands for each sub-frequency point. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 2×20×96=3840 frequency points of insertion loss spectrum.

[0104] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the fiber model in the optical physical layer model. and Fiber optic model and The fiber model considers the wavelength-dependent loss spectrum generated by the 12THz Raman transfer effect in the C and L bands and the attenuation effect in G.652 fiber. and The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength in both the C and L bands. The attenuation spectrum information totals 2 × 20 × 96 = 3840 fiber loss spectra at various frequency points. In the C+L band wavelength division multiplexing system scenario of Example 2, compared to the C band wavelength division multiplexing system scenario of Example 1, the Raman transfer problem is very significant and needs to be considered in the model. Taking the Raman transfer effect into account, the application scenario of high-resolution spectral monitoring can be extended from the C band to be compatible with the C+L band.

[0105] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters insertion loss model 2 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. and , and Considering the 3dB optical attenuation at the end of the C and L band fiber span, and The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 2×20×96=3840 frequency points of insertion loss spectrum.

[0106] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the C-band and L-band optical amplifier models in the optical physical layer model. and Optical amplifier model and The optical amplifier model takes into account the amplification effect of the optical amplifier at different wavelengths and frequency points. and The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The gain spectrum information is obtained, totaling 2 × 20 × 96 = 3840 gain spectra of the optical amplifier at various frequency points. Here, the J. Burgmeier black-box model is used, and pre-calibrated gain spectra at different set gain / slope / input power / wavenumber are retrieved to obtain the gain spectrum at the current input power / set gain / set slope. and .

[0107] If the current stage is not the last stage optical amplifier of a single OMS, then the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel of the C-band at the current OTS is... Summing gives the total power of all C-band wavelength channels at the current OTS. And based on the detected total power of all wavelength channels in the C-band at the current OTS ,pass Formula calibration of the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel of the C-band at the current OTS. ; and the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel of the L-band at the current OTS. Summing gives the total power of all wavelength channels in the L-band at the current OTS. And based on the detected total power of all wavelength channels in the L-band at the current OTS ,pass Calibrate This ensures that the estimated value does not deviate from the actual value. After calibration... and The optical physical layer model of the next OTS is cycled to simulate the process of wavelength division multiplexing optical signals being transmitted through multiple OTSs.

[0108] If the current optical amplifier is the last stage of a single OMS, it means that the wavelength division multiplexing optical signal has entered the optical amplifier of the receiving ROADM site. At this time, since the OPM detection resolution only supports the channel / wavelength level, the channel level estimation error of C-band and L-band can be calculated according to formulas (2) and (3), that is, the power error of C-band. Power error with L-band If the maximum power error of the C-band in each channel... Or the maximum power error of the L-band for each channel Greater than or equal to the preset threshold Then the error is evenly distributed to the corresponding value of each OTS. and / or Above, perform the error averaging operation: ; Then, an end-to-end estimation is performed on the OMS. Since the optical physical layer model has already considered the error distribution during the previous iterations, the channel power error detected by OPM at the OMS receiver ROADM site will continuously decrease until it reaches a preset threshold. If the maximum power error of the C-band in each channel... and the maximum power error of the L-band for each channel All are less than the preset threshold Then, the power spectrum estimates of the C-band and L-band at the sub-frequency level of the ROADM site at the OMS receiver in the optical multiplexing section are obtained. and .

[0109] Other OSM detection methods are consistent with the single OMS detection method described above and can be executed in parallel. Other types of multi-band optical transmission configurations can be extended based on this embodiment two and are all within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] Example 3 is a C-band wavelength division multiplexing sub-wavelength application scenario (i.e., each service wavelength contains multiple subcarriers). Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of a sub-C-band wavelength division multiplexing sub-wavelength application scenario provided in Embodiment 3 of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, taking the following service as an example, the service configuration uses a C-band 6THz spectrum range (1524.7-1571.9nm) 300GHz grid, a 20-wavelength system, and a signal 3dB bandwidth of 288.14GHz, including four sub-wavelengths each occupying 75GHz of spectrum. The optical transmission link is configured with three optical multiplexing segments, each including five fiber spans, with the optical cross-connect site using a 32-dimensional ROADM site. When performing power spectral equalization in each optical multiplexing segment, the above-mentioned in-band power estimation method for optical signals is used to achieve high-resolution in-band flatness estimation of optical signals up to 3.125GHz at low cost and quickly.

[0112] First, the power spectrum of the first channel output by the transmitting optical amplifier is detected by OPM at the transmitting ROADM site. At the receiving end ROAMD site, the power spectrum of the second channel output by the receiving optical amplifier is detected by OPM. ,in , representing the number of wavelengths in a wavelength division multiplexing system. This represents the number of fiber optic spans in a single optical multiplex segment. =5.

[0113] Single wavelength channel Internally divided according to testing requirements (That is: 300GHz / 3.125GHz=96) sub-frequency points to be detected ( Since each OMS performs channel-level and sub-frequency-level power adjustment, the power spectrum of the wavelength division multiplexed signal transmitted by the transmitting ROADM site is flat within the band. The estimated sub-frequency-level power spectrum output of the transmitting optical amplifier at the transmitting ROADM site (i.e., the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point) can be expressed as: Each sub-wavelength occupies 24 sub-frequency points (i.e., 75GHz / 3.125GHz=24), and the power of each sub-wavelength is obtained by summing the estimated values ​​of the corresponding 24 sub-frequency points.

[0114] like Figure 3 As shown, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the insertion loss model 1 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. . Insertion losses from fiber optic patch cords, fiber optic distribution frames, etc., were taken into account. The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 20 × 96 = 1920 frequency points for insertion loss spectrum.

[0115] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the fiber model in the optical physical layer model. Fiber optic model The fiber model considers the wavelength-dependent loss spectrum caused by the C-band 6THz Raman transfer effect and the G.652 fiber attenuation effect. The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 20 × 96 = 1920 fiber loss spectra at various frequency points.

[0116] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters insertion loss model 2 in the optical physical layer model, i.e. . Considering the 3dB optical attenuation at the fiber optic span end, The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The attenuation spectrum information, totaling 20 × 96 = 1920 frequency points for insertion loss spectrum.

[0117] Subsequently, the wavelength division multiplexed signal enters the optical amplifier model in the optical physical layer model. Optical amplifier model The optical amplifier model takes into account the amplification effect of the optical amplifier at different wavelengths and frequency points. The insertion loss spectrum at each sub-frequency point includes each sub-frequency point at each channel / wavelength. The gain spectrum information includes a total of 20 × 96 = 1920 frequency points for the optical amplifier. Here, the J. Burgmeier black-box model is used, and pre-calibrated gain spectra at different set gain / slope / input power / wavenumbers are retrieved to obtain the gain spectrum at the current input power / set gain / set slope. .

[0118] If the current stage is not the last stage optical amplifier of a single OMS, then the sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the current OTS is... Summing gives the total power of all wavelength channels at the current OTS. And based on the total power of all detected wavelength channels in the current OTS ,pass Formula calibration This ensures that the estimation results do not deviate from reality. (After calibration) The optical physical layer model of the next OTS is cycled to simulate the process of wavelength division multiplexing optical signals being transmitted through multiple OTSs.

[0119] If the current optical amplifier is the last stage of a single OMS, it means that the wavelength division multiplexing optical signal has entered the optical amplifier of the receiving ROADM site. At this time, since the OPM detection resolution only supports the channel / wavelength level, the channel level estimation error, i.e., the power error, can be calculated according to formulas (2) and (3). If the maximum power error of each channel Greater than or equal to the preset threshold Then, the error is evenly distributed across the insertion loss model 2 of each OTS, and an error averaging operation is performed: Then, an end-to-end estimation is performed on the OMS. Since the optical physical layer model has already considered the error distribution during the previous iterations, the channel power error detected by OPM at the OMS receiver ROADM site will continuously decrease until it reaches a preset threshold. If the maximum power error of each channel Less than the preset threshold Then, the power spectrum estimate at the sub-frequency level of the ROADM site at the OMS receiver in the optical multiplex section is obtained. .

[0120] Since each sub-wavelength occupies 24 sub-frequency points, the power spectrum estimate at the receiver ROADM site sub-frequency point level for each of the 24 sub-frequency points of that sub-wavelength is as follows: The power estimate for the sub-wavelength is obtained by summing the results. Compared with Example 1, Example 3 adds sub-wavelength level power monitoring functionality. However, sub-wavelengths often have small bandwidths, and OPM with general resolution is not accurate. Therefore, the solution in Example 3 can achieve sub-wavelength level power monitoring capability.

[0121] Other OSM detection methods are consistent with the single OMS detection methods described above and can be executed in parallel.

[0122] This disclosure addresses the need for high-resolution detection of in-band power spectrum flatness in optical transmission networks. It proposes a method that combines optical physical layer models (e.g., optical amplifier models, fiber models, insertion loss models, etc.) with high-resolution optical parameter calibration (e.g., optical amplifier gain spectrum, fiber wavelength-dependent loss spectrum, etc.) and low-resolution optical parameter sensing calibration (e.g., channel power reported by OPMs deployed at the beginning and end of optical multiplexing sections, total power reported by optical amplifiers). This overcomes the problems of insufficient resolution, high cost, and long detection time of traditional optical detection modules, achieving high-resolution, low-cost, and rapid detection of in-band power spectrum flatness in optical transmission signals. This method can be widely applied to optical transport network service performance optimization, digital twin optical network transmission performance modeling, and other applications.

[0123] This disclosure can be widely applied to in-band high-resolution power spectrum detection and sensing in all generations of optical transmission products (i.e., 100G / 200G C-band, 400G C+L-band, 800G / 1.6T C+L-band, and even ultra-wideband S+C+L-band, with fixed or flexible grids). This disclosure can also be used in point-to-point networking schemes and novel point-to-multipoint networking schemes to achieve high-resolution in-band power spectrum detection, and can further report to the network management side for system power or performance optimization. This disclosure can also be used for digital twin optical network perception modeling, providing high-resolution and rapid perception capabilities, and serving as the basic input data for upper-layer network management functions such as fault prediction and fault diagnosis.

[0124] This disclosure overcomes the resolution limitations of traditional optical detection OPM modules by cleverly utilizing an optical physical layer model combined with high-resolution optical parameter calibration and low-resolution optical parameter sensing calibration to obtain a high-resolution power spectrum within the passband, providing high-resolution power spectrum flatness detection capability. While traditional optical detection OPM modules increase cost with higher detection resolution, this disclosure, based on existing OPM modules, can be upgraded to support existing networks, offering a low-cost advantage. As detection resolution increases, traditional optical detection OPM modules experience smaller scan steps and longer scan times. However, this disclosure, based on existing OPM modules, senses in-band power, and the higher-resolution power spectrum is estimated by the optical physical layer model, providing rapid detection capability. This disclosure has broad application scenarios, matching current optical transport network evolution trends and covering almost all optical transport network application scenarios, including C-band / C+L-band, fixed grid / flexible grid networking, point-to-point / point-to-multipoint networking, and other networking scenarios.

[0125] This disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the optical signal in-band power estimation methods of this disclosure.

[0126] This disclosure also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any one of the optical signal in-band power estimation methods of this disclosure.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps, systems, and devices disclosed above, as functional modules / units, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0128] In hardware implementations, the division between functional modules / units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be executed by several physical components working together.

[0129] Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include computer storage media and communication media. In embodiments of this disclosure, computer storage media include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, and any other media that can be used to store desired information and can be accessed by a computer. In embodiments of this disclosure, communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in modulated data signals such as carrier waves or other transmission mechanisms, and may include any information delivery medium.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the in-band power of an optical signal, the method comprising: For each wavelength channel, the first channel power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the transmitting end is evenly distributed to all sub-frequency points within the wavelength channel to obtain the first sub-frequency point power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within the wavelength channel at the transmitting end; wherein, the first channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is detected by the optical performance monitor (OPM) at the transmitting end; Using a preset optical physical layer model, the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is simulated and transmitted to determine the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end. The power error of each wavelength channel is determined based on the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiving end and the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the receiving end; wherein, the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiving end is obtained by OPM detection at the receiving end; The maximum power error is determined from the power errors of each wavelength channel; in response to the maximum power error being greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the parameters of the preset photophysical layer model are updated to obtain the updated photophysical layer model; Using the updated optophysical layer model, the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end is simulated and transmitted in the transmission link between the transmitting end and the receiving end. The power error of each wavelength channel is determined, and based on the comparison result of the power error of each wavelength channel and the preset threshold, the power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end is determined until the maximum power error is less than the preset threshold. The power estimate of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end is then determined as the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The preset optical physical layer model includes multiple cascaded simulation models, and the simulation models include at least: a first insertion loss model, an optical fiber model, a second insertion loss model, and an optical amplifier model; The first insertion loss model is configured with attenuation spectrum information of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel after passing through fiber optic patch cords and / or fiber optic distribution frames; The optical fiber model is configured with attenuation spectrum information of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel based on Raman transfer effect and / or optical fiber attenuation effect; The second insertion loss model is configured with attenuation spectrum information of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel based on the optical attenuator; The optical amplifier model is configured with gain spectrum information of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel based on the optical amplifier.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The transmission link includes at least one optical transmission segment (OTS); The step of simulating the transmission of the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point at the transmitting end of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel using a preset optophysical layer model includes: On the transmission link, for each OTS in the transmission link, a preset optical physical layer model is used to simulate the transmission of the power spectrum of the first sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the transmitting end.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, Determining the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point at the receiver for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel includes: In response to the current OTS being the last OTS in the transmission link, the output result of the preset optical physical layer model in the current OTS is obtained, and the output result is the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein, Determining the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point at the receiver for each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel includes: In response to the fact that the current OTS is not the last OTS in the transmission link, the power spectra of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel in the current OTS are summed to obtain the total power of all wavelength channels in the current OTS; wherein, the power spectra of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel in the current OTS are determined by a preset optical physical layer model in the current OTS. Based on the total power of the optical amplifier in the current OTS and the total power of all wavelength channels in the current OTS, the sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS is calibrated to obtain the calibrated sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS. The calibrated sub-frequency power spectrum of all sub-frequency points in all wavelength channels in the current OTS is used for simulation transmission based on a preset optical physical layer model in the next OTS, so as to determine the second sub-frequency power spectrum of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel at the receiving end in the last OTS of the transmission link.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The updating of the parameters of the preset photophysical layer model includes: For the power error of each wavelength channel, the parameters of the preset optical physical layer model are updated by evenly distributing the power error of the wavelength channel to the preset optical physical layer model within each OTS.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the power error of each wavelength channel based on the second channel power spectrum of each wavelength channel at the receiving end and the second sub-frequency point power spectrum of each sub-frequency point within each wavelength channel at the receiving end includes: For each of the wavelength channels, the power spectrum of the second sub-frequency point of each sub-frequency point in the wavelength channel at the receiving end is summed to obtain the channel estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiving end. The power error of the wavelength channel is determined based on the channel estimated power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiving end and the second channel power spectrum of the wavelength channel at the receiving end.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The transmitter and the receiver include at least one optical multiplexing segment (OMS); when there are at least two OMS, the method is used to perform power estimation of each sub-frequency point in each wavelength channel between the transmitter and the receiver within each OMS.

9. A power estimation device, comprising a memory and a processor; the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A power detection and estimation system, comprising a wavelength division multiplexing system and a power estimation device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the wavelength division multiplexing system comprises an optical amplifier, a transmitter configured with an optical performance monitor (OPM), and a receiver configured with an OPM, the optical amplifier being disposed in a transmission link between the transmitter and the receiver.

11. The power detection and estimation system according to claim 10, wherein, The wavelength division multiplexing system includes at least one of the following: C-band wavelength division multiplexing system; C-band and L-band wavelength division multiplexing systems; A wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system that multiplexes multiple sub-wavelengths in a wavelength channel, wherein the wavelength channel multiplexing multiple sub-wavelength WDM system is a C-band WDM system or a C-band and L-band WDM system.

12. A computer-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

13. A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the optical signal in-band power estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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