Potato cultivator with automatic depth control

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and is especially a potato ploughing coulters with automatic adjustable depth, comprising: a frame, the frame is provided with a ploughing coulters assembly; a depth adjusting assembly, the depth adjusting assembly comprises a connecting mechanism and an executing mechanism; an obstacle crossing protection assembly, the obstacle crossing protection assembly comprises an energy storage mechanism, a vibration detection mechanism, a swing avoidance mechanism and a reset mechanism, the energy storage mechanism is used for compressing air by using the horizontal resistance of soil on the ploughing coulters assembly, the energy storage mechanism is used for providing energy for the swing avoidance mechanism, when the vibration detection mechanism detects that the vibration acceleration of the ploughing coulters assembly exceeds a set value, the swing avoidance mechanism starts and drives the ploughing coulters assembly to swing, and the reset mechanism drives the ploughing coulters assembly to reset after crossing the obstacle. The present application combines the automatic depth adjustment with the obstacle crossing protection function, effectively improving the field adaptability, operation safety and automation level of the ploughing coulters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil penetration depth. Background Technology

[0002] As an important food and cash crop, hilling is a crucial step in potato cultivation. Proper hilling creates a loose soil environment for tuber enlargement, prevents tubers from turning green due to sunlight exposure, and also helps retain moisture, control weeds, and prevent lodging. Traditional potato hilling plows are mostly fixed structures, with their depth controlled by the tractor's hydraulic suspension system or manually adjusted depth wheels. However, due to significant spatial heterogeneity in field soil conditions (such as hardness, moisture, and stone content) and surface flatness, fixed depth settings often cannot adapt to complex actual working conditions. When soil resistance increases, the hilling plow may penetrate too shallowly, resulting in insufficient hilling volume; conversely, when soil resistance decreases, it may penetrate too deeply, increasing traction resistance and potentially damaging the tubers.

[0003] Existing potato hilling plows primarily adjust the depth of penetration using either a mechanical limiting structure or a manual screw mechanism. The mechanical limiting method uses multiple adjustment holes between the plow column and the frame, allowing for stepped adjustment by changing the pin positions. The manual screw method, on the other hand, uses a handwheel to drive the plow column up and down, enabling stepless adjustment.

[0004] The existing technology has the following drawbacks when used: the above adjustment methods all require manual preset of the depth before operation, which cannot be changed during operation. Moreover, the adjustment operation is cumbersome, requiring manual operation after stopping the machine, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. Furthermore, it cannot quickly avoid hard obstacles such as stones commonly found in the field. When the plow tip hits a hard obstacle, it will generate a huge instantaneous impact load, which will not only cause damage to the implement (such as plow tip breakage and shovel handle bending), but may also damage the tractor's transmission system due to rigid impact, seriously affecting the efficiency and safety of operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil penetration depth to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil depth, comprising: The frame is equipped with a soil-laying plow assembly; A depth adjustment assembly, comprising a connecting mechanism and an actuating mechanism, wherein the connecting mechanism is used to connect the ridging plow assembly to the frame, and the actuating mechanism is used to adjust the angle of the connecting mechanism to change the soil penetration depth of the ridging plow assembly; An obstacle crossing protection component includes an energy storage mechanism, a vibration detection mechanism, a swing avoidance mechanism, and a reset mechanism. The energy storage mechanism is used to compress air by utilizing the horizontal resistance of the soil on the hilling plow assembly when the plow assembly is hilling. The energy storage mechanism is used to provide energy to the swing avoidance mechanism. The vibration detection mechanism is used to detect the vibration experienced by the hilling plow assembly. When the vibration detection mechanism detects that the vibration acceleration experienced by the hilling plow assembly exceeds a set value, the swing avoidance mechanism is activated and drives the hilling plow assembly to swing. After overcoming the obstacle, the reset mechanism drives the hilling plow assembly to reset.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, and a shovel handle. Both ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected to the frame and the shovel handle, and the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are arranged in parallel.

[0008] Preferably, the ridging plow assembly includes a plowshare, a plow tip, and wing plates. The plowshare is disposed on one side of the shovel handle, and the plow tip is connected to one side of the plowshare. The wing plates are symmetrically connected to both sides of the plowshare.

[0009] Preferably, the actuator includes a hydraulic push rod, with both ends of the hydraulic push rod connected to the frame and the upper connecting rod, respectively. The length of the hydraulic push rod is adjusted to adjust the angle of the upper connecting rod, thereby changing the soil penetration depth of the soil-laying plow assembly.

[0010] Preferably, the shovel handle has a movable groove, and an elastic buckle is provided on one side of the movable groove. The plow wall is connected to a plow column, the middle of which is hinged to the shovel handle. A locking block is connected to the end of the plow column away from the plow wall, and the elastic buckle is used to restrict the movement of the locking block.

[0011] Preferably, the energy storage mechanism includes a movable rod, a pneumatic piston, a compression cylinder, a return spring, and a gas cylinder. The two ends of the movable rod are respectively connected to the plow wall and the pneumatic piston via ball joints. The pneumatic piston is movably connected to the compression cylinder. The return spring is installed inside the compression cylinder and is used to drive the pneumatic piston to reset. The compression cylinder is located on the lower connecting rod and is interconnected with the gas cylinder via a pipe. The gas cylinder is used to store the air compressed by the pneumatic piston moving along the compression cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the vibration detection mechanism includes a vibration sensor disposed on the plow column, and the vibration sensor is used to detect the vibrations experienced by the soil-laying plow assembly.

[0013] Preferably, the swing avoidance mechanism includes an impact cylinder and an impact rod. The impact cylinder and the gas cylinder are interconnected. The impact cylinder is disposed on the shovel handle. The impact rod is movably connected to the impact cylinder. When the impact cylinder drives the impact rod to move, the impact rod will impact the plow column and cause the locking block to disengage from the elastic buckle.

[0014] Preferably, the reset mechanism includes an arc-shaped block, a limiting rod, and a reset spring. The arc-shaped block has a sliding groove. One end of the plow is connected to the limiting rod, which is movably connected to the sliding groove. A reset spring is provided inside the sliding groove, and one end of the reset spring is connected to the limiting rod. When the reset spring drives the limiting rod to reset, it will cause the locking block to re-lock onto the elastic buckle.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil penetration depth provided by the present invention, through the coordinated action of the connecting mechanism and the execution mechanism in the depth adjustment component, can dynamically change the soil penetration angle of the hilling plow component, realize real-time and precise adjustment of soil penetration depth, thereby adapting to different soil conditions and agronomic requirements, and ensuring the consistency of hilling quality; at the same time, the energy storage mechanism uses the horizontal resistance of the soil on the hilling plow component during the hilling process to compress air and store energy; the vibration detection mechanism monitors the vibration acceleration of the hilling plow component in real time, and when the detected value exceeds the set threshold, it triggers the swing avoidance mechanism to release the stored compressed air to drive the plow to swing, realize rapid obstacle crossing, and effectively avoid the machine from being subjected to greater impact due to hard objects; after obstacle crossing, the reset mechanism automatically drives the plow to reset and resume operation; the present invention combines automatic soil penetration depth adjustment with obstacle crossing protection function, effectively improving the field adaptability, operational safety and automation level of the hilling plow. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in normal working condition. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention in normal working condition. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the obstacle-crossing state of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the obstacle-crossing state of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram showing the positions and structures of the lower connecting rod, gas cylinder, and impact cylinder of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the snap-fit ​​block of the present invention connected to the elastic buckle. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the compression cylinder of the present invention (the compression cylinder is shown in cross-section). Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the arc-shaped block and the reset spring of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the position structure of the movable groove and elastic buckle of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the vibration sensor of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the soil-laying plow assembly of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the shovel handle and the plowshare of the present invention (the shovel handle is shown in cross-section). Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the impact cylinder and the impact rod of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. Upper connecting rod, 3. Lower connecting rod, 4. Shovel handle, 5. Plowshare, 6. Plow tip, 7. Wing plate, 8. Hydraulic push rod, 9. Movable groove, 10. Elastic buckle, 11. Plow column, 12. Snap block, 13. Movable rod, 14. Pneumatic piston, 15. Compression cylinder, 16. Return spring, 17. Gas cylinder, 18. Vibration sensor, 19. Impact cylinder, 20. Impact rod, 21. Arc block, 22. Limiting rod, 23. Return spring, 24. Sliding groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figures 1-13 The present invention provides a technical solution: A potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil depth, as shown in the instruction manual. Figure 1 As shown, the machine includes a frame 1, which is equipped with a hilling plow assembly. The frame 1 is an integral support structure, welded from rectangular steel pipes made of Q345B material, used to connect with the traction machinery and bear the various components. The hilling plow assembly is used to hill up the potato furrows.

[0020] The depth adjustment component includes a connecting mechanism and an actuator. The connecting mechanism is used to connect the soil-laying plow component to the frame 1, and the actuator is used to adjust the angle of the connecting mechanism to change the soil penetration depth of the soil-laying plow component. The depth adjustment component automatically adjusts the soil penetration depth by changing the posture of the connecting mechanism, causing the soil-laying plow component to rise or fall.

[0021] The obstacle avoidance protection component includes an energy storage mechanism, a vibration detection mechanism, a swing avoidance mechanism, and a reset mechanism. The energy storage mechanism is used to compress air by utilizing the horizontal resistance of the soil on the hilling plow assembly during hilling. The energy storage mechanism provides energy to the swing avoidance mechanism. The vibration detection mechanism detects the vibration experienced by the hilling plow assembly. When the vibration detection mechanism detects that the vibration acceleration experienced by the hilling plow assembly exceeds a set value, the swing avoidance mechanism is activated and drives the hilling plow assembly to swing. After overcoming the obstacle, the reset mechanism drives the hilling plow assembly to reset. The obstacle avoidance protection component can automatically avoid hard objects such as rocks when the hilling plow encounters them to prevent damage, and automatically return to its original position after overcoming the obstacle to ensure the continuity of operation.

[0022] The connecting mechanism includes an upper connecting rod 2, a lower connecting rod 3, and a shovel handle 4. The upper connecting rod 2 and the lower connecting rod 3 are arranged in parallel. Both ends of the upper connecting rod 2 and the lower connecting rod 3 are hinged to the frame 1 and the shovel handle 4 respectively through pins to form a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, so that the shovel handle 4 always maintains a constant posture during the movement. The shovel handle 4 is a vertically arranged plate-shaped component used to install the soil-laying plow assembly.

[0023] The ridging plow assembly includes a plowshare 5, a plow tip 6, and wing plates 7. The plowshare 5 is located on one side of the shovel handle 4, and the plow tip 6 is connected to one side of the plowshare 5. The wing plates 7 are symmetrically connected to both sides of the plowshare 5. The plowshare 5 has an arc-shaped curved surface and is fixed to the side of the plow column 11 by bolts. The plow tip 6 is welded to the front end of the plowshare 5 and is used to cut the soil. The wing plates 7 are symmetrically welded to both sides of the rear part of the plowshare 5 and are used to turn the soil onto the top of the ridge. The shovel handle 4 has a movable groove 9, and an elastic buckle 10 is provided on one side of the movable groove 9. The plow wall 5 is connected to the plow column 11, and the middle part of the plow column 11 is hinged to the shovel handle 4. The end of the plow column 11 away from the plow wall 5 is connected to a locking block 12. The elastic buckle 10 is used to restrict the movement of the locking block 12. The movable groove 9 is a rectangular through groove on the shovel handle 4. In this embodiment, the elastic buckle 10 is a steel claw with elasticity. The elastic buckle 10 is fixed to one side of the movable groove 9. The plow column 11 passes through the movable groove 9. The middle part of the plow column 11 is rotatably connected to the shovel handle 4 through a hinge shaft. The front end of the plow column 11 is fixedly connected to the plow wall 5, and the rear end is fixed with the locking block 12. In normal working condition, the elastic buckle 10 locks the locking block 12, so that the plow wall 5 maintains a fixed posture.

[0024] The actuator includes a hydraulic push rod 8, with its two ends connected to the frame 1 and the upper connecting rod 2, respectively. Adjusting the length of the hydraulic push rod 8 adjusts the angle of the upper connecting rod 2, thereby changing the soil penetration depth of the hilling plow assembly. The cylinder end of the hydraulic push rod 8 is hinged to the frame 1, and the piston rod end is hinged to the middle of the upper connecting rod 2. When the hydraulic push rod 8 extends or retracts, it pushes the upper connecting rod 2 to rotate around its hinge point with the frame 1, thereby driving the handle 4 and the hilling plow assembly to move up and down, achieving continuous adjustment of the soil penetration depth. When the hydraulic push rod 8 drives the upper connecting rod 2 to rotate, it also drives the pneumatic piston 14 to move along the compression cylinder 15, thereby compressing air. In actual use, the lengths of the upper connecting rod 2 and the lower connecting rod 3 can be rationally selected according to actual conditions, and the stroke of the hydraulic push rod 8 can be set corresponding to the lengths of the upper connecting rod 2 and the lower connecting rod 3.

[0025] The energy storage mechanism includes a movable rod 13, a pneumatic piston 14, a compression cylinder 15, a return spring 16, and a gas cylinder 17. The two ends of the movable rod 13 are respectively connected to the plow wall 5 and the pneumatic piston 14 via ball joints. The pneumatic piston 14 is movably connected to the compression cylinder 15. A return spring 16 is installed inside the compression cylinder 15 to drive the pneumatic piston 14 to reset. The compression cylinder 15 is located on the lower connecting rod 3 and is interconnected with the gas cylinder 17 via a pipe. The gas cylinder 17 stores the air compressed by the movement of the pneumatic piston 14 along the compression cylinder 15. The gas cylinder 17 is equipped with a pressure relief valve (to prevent excessive pressure inside the gas cylinder 17). In this embodiment, the compression cylinder 15 is fixed to the upper surface of the upper connecting rod 2 and has a cylindrical chamber inside. The pneumatic piston 14 is slidably installed in a sealed manner. In this chamber, one end of the return spring 16 abuts against the end cap of the compression cylinder 15, and the other end abuts against the pneumatic piston 14, so that the piston maintains its initial position when there is no external force; one end of the movable rod 13 is connected to the plow wall 5 through a ball joint, and the other end is connected to the end of the pneumatic piston 14 through a ball joint; when the soil-cultivating plow assembly is subjected to horizontal soil resistance, the resistance is transmitted to the plow column 11 through the plow wall 5, causing the plow column 11 to swing slightly, which in turn drives the movable rod 13 to push the pneumatic piston 14 to move in the compression cylinder 15. The air in the compression cylinder 15 is compressed into the gas cylinder 17 through a pipe for storage. In this embodiment, the connecting pipes of the air circuit are all flexible hoses; when the resistance decreases, the return spring 16 pushes the pneumatic piston 14 to reset, and at the same time, the high-pressure air in the gas cylinder 17 can be used to drive the swing avoidance mechanism in the future. The vibration detection mechanism includes a vibration sensor 18, which is disposed on the plow column 11. The vibration sensor 18 is used to detect the vibration of the hilling plow assembly. In this embodiment, the vibration sensor 18 is an acceleration sensor, which is fixedly installed on the side of the plow column 11 to monitor the vibration acceleration of the hilling plow assembly in real time. When the vibration acceleration exceeds a preset threshold, the vibration sensor 18 sends an electrical signal to the controller, which then triggers the swing avoidance mechanism and the hydraulic push rod 8 to work.

[0026] The swing avoidance mechanism includes an impact cylinder 19 and an impact rod 20. The impact cylinder 19 and the gas cylinder 17 are interconnected via a pipe. The impact cylinder 19 is located on one side of the shovel handle 4, and the impact rod 20 is movably connected to the impact cylinder 19. When the impact cylinder 19 drives the impact rod 20 to move, the impact rod 20 impacts the plow column 11 and causes the locking block 12 to disengage from the elastic buckle 10. The impact cylinder 19 is fixed to the lower surface of the upper connecting rod 2, and its air inlet is connected to the gas cylinder 17 via a solenoid valve. When the vibration transmission... When sensor 18 sends an obstacle crossing signal, the solenoid valve opens, and the high-pressure air in gas cylinder 17 enters the impact cylinder 19, pushing the impact rod 20 to extend rapidly (the impact force of the impact cylinder 19 pushing the impact rod 20 can be reasonably adjusted by controlling the amount of air entering the impact cylinder 19). The end of the impact rod 20 hits the side of the plow column 11, causing the plow column 11 to rotate around its central hinge axis, thereby driving the locking block 12 to overcome the locking force of the elastic buckle 10 and disengage. At the same time, the plow wall 5 swings backward to achieve obstacle avoidance.

[0027] The reset mechanism includes an arc-shaped block 21, a limiting rod 22, and a reset spring 23. The arc-shaped block 21 is fixedly installed on the side of the shovel handle 4. The arc-shaped block 21 has a sliding groove 24. One end of the plow column 11 is connected to the limiting rod 22, and the limiting rod 22 is movably connected to the sliding groove 24. The sliding groove 24 is equipped with a reset spring 23, and one end of the reset spring 23 is connected to the limiting rod 22. When the reset spring 23 drives the limiting rod 22 to reset, it will drive the locking block 12 to re-lock onto the elastic buckle 10. The sliding groove 24 of the arc-shaped block 21... The guide groove is an arc-shaped groove, with its center coinciding with the hinge center of the plow column 11. The limiting rod 22 is vertically fixed to the rear end of the plow column 11 and extends into the sliding groove 24. The return spring 23 is a compression spring installed in the sliding groove 24, with one end abutting against the end wall of the sliding groove 24 and the other end abutting against the limiting rod 22. When the obstacle is overcome and the impact force disappears, the return spring 23 pushes the limiting rod 22 to slide along the sliding groove 24, causing the plow column 11 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the locking block 12 is re-locked into the elastic buckle 10, and at the same time the plow wall 5 returns to the working position.

[0028] In this application, the impact force of the hydraulic push rod 8, vibration sensor 18, and impact cylinder 19 is controlled by a control system, which consists of a controller, a displacement sensor, and an operating terminal. The displacement sensor is integrated inside the hydraulic push rod 8 to detect the piston rod position of the hydraulic push rod 8 in real time; the controller is installed on the left side of the frame (not shown in the attached drawings), receives sensor signals, and outputs PWM signals to drive the proportional valve; the operating terminal is located in the operator's cab and is used to set the target depth and display the current depth.

[0029] Working principle: When starting work, the soil penetration depth of the plow assembly needs to be adjusted. The hydraulic system controls the movement of the hydraulic push rod 8. The piston rod of the hydraulic push rod 8 extends or retracts, pushing the upper connecting rod 2 to rotate upward or downward around its hinge point with the frame 1 (when the hydraulic push rod 8 drives the upper connecting rod 2 to rotate and adjust the initial position of the shovel handle 4, it will drive the pneumatic piston 14 to move along the compression cylinder 15, thereby compressing air into the gas cylinder 17). Since the upper connecting rod 2 and the lower connecting rod 3 are arranged in parallel and their ends are respectively hinged to the frame 1 and the shovel handle 4, forming a parallel four-bar linkage mechanism, when the upper connecting rod 2 rotates, the shovel handle 4 always maintains a vertical posture and rises or falls accordingly. The shovel handle 4 drives the plow wall 5, the plow tip 6 and the wing plate 7 to move synchronously, thereby changing the soil penetration depth of the plow tip 6. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic push rod 8 can be automatically adjusted by the controller according to the preset working depth or sensor feedback, realizing continuous and automatic control of the soil penetration depth.

[0030] During normal hilling operations, the plow tip 6 and plow wall 5 are subjected to horizontal resistance from the soil, which causes the plow wall 5 to tend to swing backward. Since the locking block 12 is locked by the elastic buckle 10 at this time, the plow column 11 cannot rotate around its hinge axis, but the plow column 11 will still produce a small elastic deformation or a slight displacement. This slight displacement is transmitted to the pneumatic piston 14 through the movable rod 13 connected by the ball joint, pushing the pneumatic piston 14 to move backward in the compression cylinder 15, compressing the air in the compression cylinder 15. The compressed high-pressure air enters the gas cylinder 17 for storage through the pipeline. At the same time, the return spring 16 in the compression cylinder 15 is compressed. When the soil resistance decreases, the return spring 16 pushes the pneumatic piston 14 to reset, and the movable rod 13 drives the plow column 11 to return to its position. This cycle continues, and during the operation, the horizontal resistance of the soil continuously compresses the air into the gas cylinder 17, storing energy for obstacle-crossing actions. Vibration sensor 18 monitors the vibration acceleration of plow column 11 in real time. When the hilling plow assembly encounters hard obstacles such as rocks or tree roots, the impact on plow tip 6 and plow wall 5 increases significantly, and the vibration acceleration of plow column 11 increases accordingly. When the acceleration value detected by vibration sensor 18 exceeds the preset value in the controller, the controller immediately sends a trigger signal to open the solenoid valve connecting gas cylinder 17 and impact cylinder 19. The high-pressure air stored in gas cylinder 17 instantly enters impact cylinder 19, pushing impact rod 20 to extend rapidly. The end of impact rod 20 violently strikes the front of plow column 11, causing plow column 11 to overcome the locking force of elastic buckle 10 and rotate backward around its central hinge axis. Plow column 11 drives plow wall 5 and plow tip 6 to swing backward, while hydraulic push rod 8 retracts to move the hilling plow assembly upward, thereby avoiding obstacles and preventing damage to the hilling plow assembly.

[0031] During the backward swing of the plow column 11, the limiting rod 22 fixed to the rear end of the plow column 11 slides backward along the sliding groove 24 on the arc-shaped block 21 and compresses the return spring 23; at the same time, the locking block 12 disengages from the elastic buckle 10 as the plow column 11 rotates; after the soil-cultivating plow assembly passes over the obstacle, the pressure in the impact cylinder 19 is released, and the elastic force of the return spring 23 pushes the limiting rod 22 to slide forward along the sliding groove 24 to reset, causing the plow column 11 to rotate in the opposite direction; the locking block 12 at the front end of the plow column 11 re-engages into the elastic buckle 10, and at the same time, the plow wall 5 and the plow tip 6 return to their normal working posture and continue the soil-cultivating operation; the entire obstacle-crossing and reset process is completed automatically without manual intervention. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A potato hilling plow with automatically adjustable soil depth, characterized in that, include: The frame is equipped with a soil-laying plow assembly; A depth adjustment assembly, comprising a connecting mechanism and an actuating mechanism, wherein the connecting mechanism is used to connect the ridging plow assembly to the frame, and the actuating mechanism is used to adjust the angle of the connecting mechanism to change the soil penetration depth of the ridging plow assembly; An obstacle crossing protection component includes an energy storage mechanism, a vibration detection mechanism, a swing avoidance mechanism, and a reset mechanism. The energy storage mechanism is used to compress air by utilizing the horizontal resistance of the soil on the hilling plow assembly when the plow assembly is hilling. The energy storage mechanism is used to provide energy to the swing avoidance mechanism. The vibration detection mechanism is used to detect the vibration experienced by the hilling plow assembly. When the vibration detection mechanism detects that the vibration acceleration experienced by the hilling plow assembly exceeds a set value, the swing avoidance mechanism is activated and drives the hilling plow assembly to swing. After overcoming the obstacle, the reset mechanism drives the hilling plow assembly to reset. The connecting mechanism includes an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, and a shovel handle. Both ends of the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected to the frame and the shovel handle. The upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are arranged in parallel. The soil-laying plow assembly includes a plow wall, a plow tip, and wing plates. The plow wall is disposed on one side of the shovel handle, and a plow tip is connected to one side of the plow wall. The wing plates are symmetrically connected to both sides of the plow wall. The actuator includes a hydraulic push rod, with its two ends connected to the frame and the upper connecting rod, respectively. The length of the hydraulic push rod is adjusted to adjust the angle of the upper connecting rod, thereby changing the soil penetration depth of the soil-laying plow assembly. The shovel handle has a movable groove, and an elastic buckle is provided on one side of the movable groove. The plow wall is connected to the plow column, and the middle part of the plow column is hinged to the shovel handle. A locking block is connected to the end of the plow column away from the plow wall. The elastic buckle is used to restrict the movement of the locking block. The energy storage mechanism includes a movable rod, a pneumatic piston, a compression cylinder, a return spring, and a gas cylinder. The two ends of the movable rod are respectively connected to the plow wall and the pneumatic piston via ball joints. The pneumatic piston is movably connected to the compression cylinder. The return spring is installed inside the compression cylinder and is used to drive the pneumatic piston to reset. The compression cylinder is located on the lower connecting rod and is connected to the gas cylinder via a pipe. The gas cylinder is used to store the air compressed by the pneumatic piston moving along the compression cylinder. The vibration detection mechanism includes a vibration sensor, which is disposed on the plow column and is used to detect the vibrations received by the soil-laying plow assembly. The swing avoidance mechanism includes an impact cylinder and an impact rod. The impact cylinder and the gas cylinder are interconnected. The impact cylinder is located on the shovel handle. The impact rod is movably connected to the impact cylinder. When the impact cylinder drives the impact rod to move, the impact rod will impact the plow column and cause the locking block to disengage from the elastic buckle. The reset mechanism includes an arc-shaped block, a limiting rod, and a reset spring. The arc-shaped block has a sliding groove. One end of the plow is connected to the limiting rod, which is movably connected to the sliding groove. A reset spring is provided inside the sliding groove, and one end of the reset spring is connected to the limiting rod. When the reset spring drives the limiting rod to reset, it will cause the locking block to re-lock onto the elastic buckle.

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